2017年高考二轮语法专题课件：主谓一致
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| 名称 | 2017年高考二轮语法专题课件：主谓一致 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2017-01-18 11:37:06 | ||
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课件27张PPT。主谓一致知识梳理复习重点
1. 主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
2. 分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致。
基础知识
一、主谓一致的原则
主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则：1. 语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
2. 意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。
3. 就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。二、主谓一致的具体应用
1. 名词作主语
★ 集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, committee, enemy, government, population等。有些集合名词如cattle, people, police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如：
The team is the best in the league.★单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式，常见的这类名词有：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, means, works（工厂）等。如：
There are ten sheep on the farm, but there are only four goats.
★表示单数概念的复形名词，如：学科（maths，physics等）、机构、书名、剧名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Maths is one of the most important courses in the senior school.
The Times is Britain’s oldest national daily.★ 表成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，有：trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：
A pair of trousers is on the bed.
★当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：
Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.★“the +形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，这类词有wounded, rich, unemployed, blind等。如：The unemployed lead a miserable life.
★如果主语由more than one ... 或many a+单数名词构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数形式；在“more than +复数名词”或“more +复数名词+ than one”结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：
Many a playwright is satisfied with the play.
More than one person has been concerned in this.2. 代词作主语
★由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another以及合成代词something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。如：
Each book was in its proper place.
★关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数一致。如：He is one of the students who were late this morning.
He is the only one of the students who was late this morning.?
★ all, most, none, some等作主语时，其谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如：
Most of his spare time was spent in reading.
All of my classmates work hard.3. 由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语
★用and或both ... and ... 连接并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词则用单数形式，这时and后面的可数名词不带冠词。如：
Both the secretary and the manager have agreed to be present.
Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.★当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如用with, as well as, along with, rather than, together with, including, in addition to与修饰语连接时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。如：
The missing things, as well as the bag, have been found and returned to the owner.
★ 由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语相一致。如：
Not only the students but also their teacher goes to the exhibition.4. 数词作主语
“分数或百分数+ of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。如：
Only one third of the work was done yesterday.
Thirds fourth of the students come to school on time.5. 从句及非谓语动词作主语
★名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。如：
Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
What caused the snow slide and how many tourists are injured are still unknown.What you want is a big bag.
You need not get any more stamps. What we have are quite sufficient.
★动词-ing形式短语或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.1. All we need _____ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.? (湖南2014)
A. are???? B. was???? C. is ? ?????D. wereC真题再现2.【2015·湖南】27. It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes
C. are; take D. is; takeA3. My dream school look like a big garden.
????????? （2014新课标全国卷II短文改错）looks巩固练习I. 选用括号内合适的选项填空。
1. Swimming in heated pools ___ (is, are) very common in this part of the country in the winter.
2. Playing sports such as tennis and basketball ________ (requires, require) not only mental ability but also physical strength.
3. Without the new taxes, houses built before World War II ________ (has, have) lower costs than more modern houses do. isrequireshave 4. Of all the grammar points I have studied in my seven years of English, the most recent unit ________ (confuses, confuse) me the most for a variety of reasons.
5. That Shakespeare was one of the most talented writers ________ (is, are) an understatement to those who are really familiar with the field of literature.
6. Neither the teacher nor the students ________ (know, knows) the solution to the maths problem. isknow confuses 7. Far from being a poor city with little diversity, New Orleans certainly ________ (ranks, rank) as one of the most interesting spots in the United States.
8. Much of the machinery on these farms ________ (is, are) unusable.
9. Despite the bad weather we have had in the past days, there _____ (is, are) no doubt that the tournament will go on.
10. Never ________ (has, have) the weather
been so bad in the months of June and July. isisrankshas11. The fans at the back of the theatre and that
woman in front ________ (was, were)
making too much noise.
12. He is one of those people who ________
(work, works) too hard. workwereII. 选用括号内合适的选项补全下面短文。
Louise Erdrich, in her book, “The Bingo
Palace,” 1. ________ (details, detail) the
continuing story of Lipsha Morrisey, the
young Native American man who 2. ________
(try, tries) to find a comfortable identity for
himself. Lipsha, along with many other
characters in “The Bingo Palace,” 3. ________
(were, was) introduced in an earlier Erdrich
novel, “Love Medicine.”detailstrieswas Anyone who reads either of these novels 4. ________ (develops, develop) a sense of the experience of members of a distinct cultural group who 5. ________ (wants, want) to come to terms with both their traditions and contemporary American life. A reviewer of “The Bingo Palace” stated, in The New York Times Book Review, that Erdrich “6. ________ (show, shows) us a place where there’s love, fate, and chance; a world where daily life is enriched by a powerful spiritual presence.”developswantshowsErdrich herself, in her book’s acknowledgements, 7. ________ (mentions, mention) her father and grandfather as inspiration, among others. Actually, many people serve as inspiration for any writer.mentions
1. 主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
2. 分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致。
基础知识
一、主谓一致的原则
主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则：1. 语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
2. 意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。
3. 就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。二、主谓一致的具体应用
1. 名词作主语
★ 集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, committee, enemy, government, population等。有些集合名词如cattle, people, police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如：
The team is the best in the league.★单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式，常见的这类名词有：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, means, works（工厂）等。如：
There are ten sheep on the farm, but there are only four goats.
★表示单数概念的复形名词，如：学科（maths，physics等）、机构、书名、剧名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Maths is one of the most important courses in the senior school.
The Times is Britain’s oldest national daily.★ 表成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，有：trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：
A pair of trousers is on the bed.
★当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：
Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.★“the +形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，这类词有wounded, rich, unemployed, blind等。如：The unemployed lead a miserable life.
★如果主语由more than one ... 或many a+单数名词构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数形式；在“more than +复数名词”或“more +复数名词+ than one”结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：
Many a playwright is satisfied with the play.
More than one person has been concerned in this.2. 代词作主语
★由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another以及合成代词something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。如：
Each book was in its proper place.
★关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数一致。如：He is one of the students who were late this morning.
He is the only one of the students who was late this morning.?
★ all, most, none, some等作主语时，其谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如：
Most of his spare time was spent in reading.
All of my classmates work hard.3. 由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语
★用and或both ... and ... 连接并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词则用单数形式，这时and后面的可数名词不带冠词。如：
Both the secretary and the manager have agreed to be present.
Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.★当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如用with, as well as, along with, rather than, together with, including, in addition to与修饰语连接时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。如：
The missing things, as well as the bag, have been found and returned to the owner.
★ 由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语相一致。如：
Not only the students but also their teacher goes to the exhibition.4. 数词作主语
“分数或百分数+ of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。如：
Only one third of the work was done yesterday.
Thirds fourth of the students come to school on time.5. 从句及非谓语动词作主语
★名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。如：
Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
What caused the snow slide and how many tourists are injured are still unknown.What you want is a big bag.
You need not get any more stamps. What we have are quite sufficient.
★动词-ing形式短语或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.1. All we need _____ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.? (湖南2014)
A. are???? B. was???? C. is ? ?????D. wereC真题再现2.【2015·湖南】27. It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes
C. are; take D. is; takeA3. My dream school look like a big garden.
????????? （2014新课标全国卷II短文改错）looks巩固练习I. 选用括号内合适的选项填空。
1. Swimming in heated pools ___ (is, are) very common in this part of the country in the winter.
2. Playing sports such as tennis and basketball ________ (requires, require) not only mental ability but also physical strength.
3. Without the new taxes, houses built before World War II ________ (has, have) lower costs than more modern houses do. isrequireshave 4. Of all the grammar points I have studied in my seven years of English, the most recent unit ________ (confuses, confuse) me the most for a variety of reasons.
5. That Shakespeare was one of the most talented writers ________ (is, are) an understatement to those who are really familiar with the field of literature.
6. Neither the teacher nor the students ________ (know, knows) the solution to the maths problem. isknow confuses 7. Far from being a poor city with little diversity, New Orleans certainly ________ (ranks, rank) as one of the most interesting spots in the United States.
8. Much of the machinery on these farms ________ (is, are) unusable.
9. Despite the bad weather we have had in the past days, there _____ (is, are) no doubt that the tournament will go on.
10. Never ________ (has, have) the weather
been so bad in the months of June and July. isisrankshas11. The fans at the back of the theatre and that
woman in front ________ (was, were)
making too much noise.
12. He is one of those people who ________
(work, works) too hard. workwereII. 选用括号内合适的选项补全下面短文。
Louise Erdrich, in her book, “The Bingo
Palace,” 1. ________ (details, detail) the
continuing story of Lipsha Morrisey, the
young Native American man who 2. ________
(try, tries) to find a comfortable identity for
himself. Lipsha, along with many other
characters in “The Bingo Palace,” 3. ________
(were, was) introduced in an earlier Erdrich
novel, “Love Medicine.”detailstrieswas Anyone who reads either of these novels 4. ________ (develops, develop) a sense of the experience of members of a distinct cultural group who 5. ________ (wants, want) to come to terms with both their traditions and contemporary American life. A reviewer of “The Bingo Palace” stated, in The New York Times Book Review, that Erdrich “6. ________ (show, shows) us a place where there’s love, fate, and chance; a world where daily life is enriched by a powerful spiritual presence.”developswantshowsErdrich herself, in her book’s acknowledgements, 7. ________ (mentions, mention) her father and grandfather as inspiration, among others. Actually, many people serve as inspiration for any writer.mentions