外研高二选修8 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe模块复习课件（59张）

课件59张PPT。Module 5　
The Conquest
of the Universe知识归纳1. _______ v. 目击, 亲眼看见; 亲身经历
2. _____ v. 爆炸
3. ____________ v. 承认; 认为
4. ________ adj. 任意的; 随机的
5. ______ n. 失败
6. _______ v. 指责
7. ________ n. 部分
8. _______ v. 预知; 预见知识清单（一）基本单词witnessburstacknowledgerandomdefeataccusedivisionforesee9. _______ n. 十年
10. __________ adv. 向后的; 倒退的
11. _____ n. 行为
12. _________ n. 权利; 权威
13. ______ v. 起誓保证
14. _______ n. 悲痛; 悲伤
15. ______ n. 安慰; 宽慰
16. _______ n. 命运; 天命
17. _____ n. 宗教信仰
18. _______ n. 影响; 作用decadebackwardsdeedauthorityswearsorrowreliefdestinyfaithimpact1. __________ adj. 习惯的
________ vt. 使……习惯
2. ______ v. 假定, 假设 __________ n. 假定
3. _______ n. 耐心 ______ adj. 耐心的(病人)
________adv. 耐心地
4. ________ adj. 高级的, 先进的
_______ vt., vi.&n. 前进; 取得进展; 增进
5. _______ v. 依靠; 取决于
__________ n. 依靠, 信赖
_________ adj. 依靠的; 依赖的 （二）派生单词accustomed accustom assumeassumptionpatiencepatientpatientlyadvancedadvancedependdependencedependent1. 一系列的
2. 不管
3. 在……一开始时
4. 突然大哭起来
5. 使某事开始
6. 祈望, 祈求
7. 与……相似的
8. 有危险
9. 指责某人某事（三）短语a series ofin spite ofat the very beginning ofburst into tearsset in motionpray forbe similar toat riskaccuse sb. of doing sth.1. assume vt. 假定(设); 承担; 呈现
【归纳】
assume that 假定, 认为……
assume...to be...
认为……如何; 假定……如何
assume the duty 承担责任
assuming that 假定……(作状语)核心要点（一）单词【拓展】
assumption n. 假设
on the assumption that
假定; 假设
make an assumption that
假定; 认为2. burst v. (burst, burst) (使)爆裂; 突然发作
n. (强烈感情)突然爆发; 爆炸; 破裂
【归纳】
burst in 突然闯进来; 打断
burst into 突然闯入; 突然……起来
burst into tears/laughter
＝burst out crying/ laughing
突然哭/ 笑起来3. acknowledge vt. 承认; 告知; 感谢
【归纳】
n./pron./v.-ing
acknowledge that-clause
sb./sth. as/to be…
It is universally acknowledged that...
……是大家所公认的
acknowledge sb.
向某人打招呼; 对某人表示谢意4. swear vi.&vt. 发誓, 起誓, 宣誓, 咒骂
【归纳】
swear sth. against sb.
宣誓承认(某一陈述)属实以反对某人
swear by 以……名义起誓; 深信
swear sb. to do sth. 使某人发誓做某事
swear to do sth./ that-clause 保证做某事5. consult v. 咨询, 请教, 磋商, 会诊
【归纳】
consult sb./sth. about sth.
(为获取资料等) 请教(别人), 查阅(书)等
consult with sb.
与某人商量(事情); 与某人磋商
【拓展】
consultant n. 顾问
consultation n. 咨询, 商讨, 协商6. accuse vt. 指责; 谴责; 控告
【归纳】
accuse sb. of sth.
因……指责/控告
be accused of (doing) sth.
因……受指责/控告accuse vt. 指控; 控诉 与介词of 连用
charge vt. 可指因为小错而受到责备, 也
可因违法而受到控告
与介词with连用
e.g. Are you accusing me of lying?
The police charged him with murder.辨析accuse与charge7. witness vt. 当场见到; 目击
n. 目击者; 证人; 证据
【归纳】
witness for 为……作证
witness to (doing) sth.
作证证明(做)某事 (to为介词)
a witness to sth. 某事的证人
bear/give witness to sth.
为……作证, 证明
in witness of 作为……的证据8. relief n. 减轻; 免除; 救济; 宽慰, 安慰
【归纳】
to one’s relief 使某人感到宽慰的是
emergency relief 紧急救济
give relief to one’s sorrow
减轻某人的悲伤
【拓展】
relieve vt. 减轻; 换班; 救济; 调剂
relieve one’s feelings 发泄感情
relieve sb. of sth. 替某人拿; 解除某人的职位 1. in spite of 尽管, 虽然
【拓展】
in spite of 后接 n./ pron./ v.-ing形式, 不接从
句, 同介词despite。
in spite of 若其后加从句, 需用the fact that
引导, “不管这个事实”。
in spite of oneself 不由自主地; 身不由己地（二）短语2. become accustomed to 习惯于
【拓展】
become/ get accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(表动作)
be accustomed to (doing) sth.
＝be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(表状态)
accustom vt. 使习惯于, 使适应
accustom oneself/sb. to (doing) sth.
使自己/某人习惯于; 养成……习惯3. set out 开始(做某事); 动身, 出发; 安排,
组织
【拓展】
set about 开始(做某事); 攻击, 抨击(某人)
set about sth./ doing sth. 着手做某事
set off 出发, 动身; 使爆炸
set up 建立
set aside 把……置于一旁; 留出
be set in 以……为背景
set back 向后移; 推迟, 耽搁; 拨慢; 花费 I. 根据本模块所学单词及提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. We must _______ (假设) him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.
2. This is a fact even our enemies abroad have to a___________.acknowledge? assume?3. Parents need to be fully informed so they can make a(n) ________ (合理的) decision.
4. If symptoms persist, c______ a doctor without delay.
5. The anti-smoking campaign had made quite a(n) _______ (影响) on young people.impactrational ???consult?II. 翻译下列句子。
1. 台湾是中国的一部分是大家所公认的。
2. 我发誓我所说的都是真的。
3. 他被指控犯偷盗罪。It is universally acknowledged that Taiwan is part of China.I swore what I said was true.He was accused of theft.4. 尽管天气很热, 他们仍然在操场上跑步。
5. 现在我习惯这儿的学校生活了。
6. 弗兰克不知道如何熬过那些艰难的日子。
In spite of the hot weather they still run in the playground.I’m accustomed to the school life here now.Frank wondered how to make it through the hard days.7. 那次事故已使他们耽搁了几个星期。
8. 我们正要前往机场时来了一位客人。
9. 尽管他是个孩子, 他喜欢别人把他看作大人。The accident has set them back several weeks.A visitor arrived just as we were setting out for the airport.Boy as he is, he likes to be treated like an adult.1. By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.
到1986年, “挑战者”号飞行的时候, 人们似乎对于人类进入太空一事已失去了最初的恐惧和好奇心了。（三）句式句型：sb./ sth. seem to have done
＝It seems/ seemed that sb./sth. ...
seem＋(to be)＋表语(adj.或n.或prep.)
seem＋to do
It seems＋that-clause
It seems like...
It seems as if...
There seems to be...
e.g. I seem to have seen him somewhere before.
It seems like years since I last saw you.
It seems as if it is going to rain.2. Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that those strange beings who landed in the New Jersey farmlands tonight are the vanguard of an invading army from the planet Mars.
尽管看起来不可思议, 但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想, 那就是今晚降落在新泽西农场的怪物就是来自火星入侵部队的先导。1) Incredible as it may seem＝Although it may seem incredible 这是由as引导的让步状语从句。as “尽管”, 表示一种强烈的语意, 从句中的表语、状语或动词需置于as之前, 构成倒装语序; 作表语的名词提到as之前时, 名词前不能加冠词。如：
Young as he is, he knows a lot about football.2) though引导让步状语从句, 从句的语序可与as从句相同, 也可用正常语序; although引导的让步状语从句不能用倒装语序。如：
Though/Although he is a boy, he likes to be treated like an adult.3) as作连词, 还可以引导下列状语从句：
①时间状语从句, “当……时候”, 强调at the same time, 主从句的动作同时发生, 尤其指动作或事件短时间内同时发生。如：
I read the letter as I walked along the river.
as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况, “随着”。如：
As I get older, I get more interested in science.②引导原因状语从句, “由于; 因为”。如：
As he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him.
③引导比较状语从句, “像……一样”, 主要用于as... as...和not as/ so... as...句型中。如：
The movie was not as/ so good as I had expected.
④引导方式状语从句, “按照”。 如：
She stayed in bed as the doctor had ordered.3. An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe, 37, who was married with two children, was to be the first civilian in space.
以为37岁的普通教师克里斯塔·麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民, 她已经结婚并有两个孩子。be to do 表示安排意向或者目的, 表将来。
e.g. My brother is to be married.
be about to 表示即将发生的动作。句中不能
有明确的时间状语。
e.g. The new school year is about to begin.4. The world was in shock — maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.
全世界都震惊了—— 也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。no more… than 表示对两者都否定, “同……一样都不……”。
e.g. You’re no taller than me.
not more… than 两者都具有某种特征, 但程度不同，“不如; 不及”。
e.g. This book is not more difficult than that
one. 语法名词性从句高考考点解读考点一、主语从句
【真题再现】
1. Exactly _____ the potato was introduced into
Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.?? (2014年大纲全国卷单项填空)
A. whether????? B. why?????? C. when????? D. how? 2. I think _____ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.?? (2014年天津卷单项填空)
A. what???????? B. that????? C. which?????? D. who
3. It remains to be seen _____ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. (2013年陕西卷单项填空)
A. that????????? B. which ????? C. what??? ?D. whether【考点解读】
主语从句通常置于句首，引导词有when, what, whatever, that, whether, who, if等。
可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。
注意：if引导主语从句时，不可以放在句首。考点二、宾语从句
【真题再现】
1. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _____ you’re afraid to do.? (2014年福建卷单项填空)
A. that??????? B. what???? C. how?????????????? D. whether
2. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____ he could find about Mark Twain.?????? (2012年辽宁卷单项填空)
A. wherever?????? B. however???
C. whatever??? D. whichever【考点解读】
宾语从句既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语，引导词有what, whatever, that, whether, when, who等。
注意：根据句子结构的需要，可用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
Why don’t you bring it to his attention that you’re late for work?考点三、表语从句
【真题再现】
1. As John Lennon once said, life is _____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. (2014年湖南卷单项填空)
A. which ?????? ? B. that???? ?? C. what???? ?????? D. where
2. From space, the earth looks blue. This is _____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.????? (2013年安徽卷单项填空)
A. why????????? B. how??????? C. because?????????? D. whether【考点解读】
表语从句常跟在系动词的后面，引导词主要有what, that, why, whether, when, who, because等。
当it, this或that作主语时，后面的表语从句可用because或why引导。 考点四、同位语从句
【真题再现】
1. —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea _____ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities. (2014年重庆卷单项填空)
A. when?????? B. why????? ? C. that?????????? D. how
2. The notice came around two in the afternoon
_____ the meeting would be postponed.(2012年
江苏卷单项填空)
A. when??????? B. that????? C. whether??????? D. how【考点解读】
被同位语从句说明或解释的名词通常表示抽象意义, 如idea, belief, notice, question, warning, fact等。
同位语从句有时不直接跟在被修饰的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。用所学语法知识完成下面短文。
Here are some keys to attracting healthy relationships:
Know what you want.
1. ______ everyone should want is to be treated with kindness and respect. Write down the qualities of the person you want to attract and get clear on 2. _____ you want.whatWhat Know you’re lovable and worthy.
One of the reasons why people find themselves in bad relationships is 3. _____ they don’t think they deserve love and respect. It’s believed 4. _____ people with low self-esteem will attract other people with low self-esteem. So you need to start loving yourself and know 5. _____ you deserve happy, strong, loving, respectful relationships.thatthat?that?? Love your own company.
There is a rule 6. _____ you need to love yourself enough to prefer being alone rather than in a bad relationship. If you love yourself, you will find being with yourself is more enjoyable than being with people who don’t treat you well.that写作 新闻报道一般把最近发生的一件事情以最快的速度告诉公众，有时还要加以评论，所以，它兼有记叙文和议论文的特点。
比较完整的新闻报道一般由标题、主体和结尾三部分组成，但并非每一篇新闻报道都必须包括这三部分，这要根据具体的内容需要而定。如何写新闻报道★标题一般包括正标题和副标题。正标题揭示主题或提示重要事实，副标题补充说明情况。
★主体是新闻报道的中心部分，是对新闻主要内容的阐述。
★结尾可以是对前面内容的归纳，也可以设置悬念引人深思。【写作指导】
1. 标题对于新闻报道很重要，甚至有一个标题就是一条报道的情况。因而，标题要提炼新闻事件的“精华”，把最吸引人的地方体现出来，同时要简洁。如果需要可以在正标题下加上副标题。
2. 在写新闻报道时，一定要交代清楚新闻五要素，即五个“W”（What, Who, When, Where, Why），有时还要加上一个“H”（How）。报道只有交代清楚事件、人物、时间、地点、原因、过程等，才能使读者觉得真实、可信。 3. 新闻报道可以根据所报道的内容采用不同的结构。如可采用倒金字塔式结构，即先说结局后说原因，多用于报道一些突发事件；也可以采用时间顺序结构，多用于重大仪式现场报道等。【写作要求】
1. 新颖。新闻报道的“新”在于事实新、材料新，要尽可能报道“第一次”发生的，“第一个”出现的事件。
2. 真实。新闻报道必须是真人真事，不能臆造。
3. 迅速、及时。新闻报道要求写新近发生的事情，最好是当天发生的，要具有时效性。巩固练习阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The most popular model for the early development of the universe is known as the Big Bang theory. This was first put 1. ________ in the 1920s, and observations of light given off by faraway galaxies showingforwardthat they were moving away supported the idea of an expanding universe. This is consistent 2. ______ the theory. If the universe is expanding, it must 3. __________ (start) to expand at some point. By tracing back the expansion, scientists have concluded 4. ______ the universe started to expand some 13.7 billion years ago. The point from 5. ________ the universe where with?have started?that ?started to expand is an unimaginably small and dense point known as a singularity (奇点). The universe did not burst into 6. ________ (exist). The Big Bang is not a dramatic explosion but a point in time and space when the singularity began to expand into the universe we know today. If the universe had 7. ____ beginning, it is 8. __________ (reason) to assume it will have an end and scientistsreasonable?existencea ?have views about that, too. It may go on expanding 9. ______ it eventually runs out of heat, 10. ________ (lead) to a Big Freeze. Or the universe may collapse and everything will end in a Big Crunch. leadinguntil?