外研高一必修4 Module 4 Great Scientists模块复习课件（72张）

课件72张PPT。Module 4　
Great Scientists知识归纳知识清单(一)基本单词1. ____________ n．生物化学
2. ____________ n．生物学
3. ____________ n．植物学
4. ____________ vt．遗传说
5. ____________ n．动物学
6. ____________ adj. 主要的; 重要的biochemistrybiologybotanygeneticszoologystaple7. ____________ n．生产者
8. ____________ adj．主要的
9. ____________ n．人物
10. ____________ n．绰号
11. ____________ n．培育
12. ____________ n. (动物或植物的)种
13. ____________ n. 产量
14. ____________ vt. 出版producerleadingfigurenicknamebreedingspeciesyieldpublish15. ____________ adj. (指生物)不孕育
的; 不结果实的
16. ____________ n．突破
17. ____________ vt．支持
18. ____________ n．产量
19. ____________ vt．改变; 转换
20. ____________ vt. 出口
21. ____________ n. 杂交种
22. ____________ vt. 取代; 以……代替breakthroughsupportproductionconvertexporthybridreplacesterile23. ____________ n. 数量
24. ____________ n．质量
25. ____________ n．畅销书(或唱片等)
26. ____________ n．宇宙生成学;
宇宙论
27. ____________ vt．诊断
28. _______________________ n.
运动神经元病qualitybest-sellercosmologydiagnosemotor neurone diseasequantity29. ____________ n. 受害者
30. ____________ adj．聪颖的;
才华横溢的
31. ____________ n．生涯; 经历
32. ____________ adj．简短的; 简洁的
33. ____________ adv．部分地; 在一定
程度上
34. ____________ adj. 身体的
35. ____________ adj. 个人的brilliantcareerbriefpartlyphysicalpersonalvictim36. ____________ n. 相对论
37. ____________ n. 火箭
38. ____________ n．千年
39. ____________ n．火药
40. ____________ vi．逃跑; 逃避
41. ____________ n．(弓)箭
42. ____________ adj. 直的
43. ____________ vi. (烟雾)消散millenniumgunpowderescapearrowstraightclearrelativityrocket44. __________ vt. 教育
→__________ n．教育
→__________ n．教育者
45. _____________ adj. 农业的
→___________ n． 农业
46. ____________ adj. 原来的; 最初的
→__________ n．起源(二) 派生单词educateeducationeducatoragriculturalagricultureoriginalorigin47. ___________ vi. 毕业
→___________ n．毕业
48. _____________ vi. 爆炸
→___________ n．爆炸; 爆炸声graduategraduationexplodeexplosion1. ______________ 抚养长大
2. ______________ 因为, 由于
3. ______________ 因为……而出名
4. _______________ 谋生
5. _______________ 上台执政, 掌权
6. _______________ 用……做实验
7. _______________ 增长了……
8. _______________ 从……毕业(三) 短语bring upas a result ofbe known forearn one’s livingcome to powerexperiment withrise by…graduate from9. ________________ 被诊断出……
10. _______________ 扔进
11. ______________ 从……跳下
12. ______________ 从……逃出
13. _______________ 将某物粘
在……, 依附throw intojump out ofescape fromattach sth. tobe diagnosed with1. leading adj. 主要的, 领先的
【归纳】
play a leading role/part in sth.
在某事中起主导作用(一) 单词核心要点【拓展】
lead v．领导, 带领
lead to 通向, 通往, 导致
lead a ...life 过……的生活
leader n． 领袖, 领导2. support v．支持; 支撑, 供养　
【归纳】
support sb. in sth. 在……方面支持某人
support on 靠……支撑
support n. 支持, 支援; 给予帮助
【归纳】
in support 后备的, 准备给予支援的
in support of sb./sth.
支持或支援某人/某事物
come to one’s support 援助某人3. convert vt. 改变; 转换【归纳】
convert (sb.) to (使)某人改信
convert sth. into 把某物转变为
convert from...to... 从……转变为……
【拓展】
conversion n. 转化, 改变
convertible adj. 可改变的1)convert使转变, 变化, 一般只表示事物的外表及用途等方面发生的次要变化, 而不是本质上的巨大变化, 也可用于改变某人的政治观点、信仰。
2)change改变, 变更, 指位置, 性质, 外表, 形式或是数量与质量等改变, 常与into连用。
3)shift指位置或方向的移动, 改变。
4)transform指外形或面貌的改变, 彻底改变性格, 性质等。convert, change, shift, transforme.g.
Natural gas can be used to power cars by ________ their engines.
A. converting　　　　　　　　
B. convicting
C. transferring
D. transmittingA4. replace vt. 替换; 代替; 取代
【归纳】
replace (＝take the place of) sb. / sth.
取代某人/某物
replace sb. / sth. with. sb. /sth.
用……替换……
replace sth.＋prep./adv.
把某物放回……
e.g. When you have finished the book,
please replace it on the shelf.【拓展】
in place of＝in one’s place
代替, 取代
take one’s place＝take the place of sb.
代替5. quantity n．量; 数量
【归纳】
in quantity 大量地
a large/fair quantity of 大量的
large quantities of 大量的; 许多的a large quantity of和large quantities of都都可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
“a large quantity of +可数或不可数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词的数与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。
“large quantities of +可数或不可数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式 quantity指事物的总量和总数量, 侧重大批计量, 含准确测量的意味;
amount与quantity近义, 但强调整体, 指把所有数量、重量及度量归并在一起得出的总数;
number指人或物的数目, 强调数的概念。quantity, amount和number6. graduate v．(使)(大学)毕业
n．(大学)毕业生; 研究生　
【归纳】
v. graduate from 从……毕业
graduate in 毕业于(某专业)
graduate (from sth.) to...
从(某处)升级到……
n. graduate school 研究生院, 研究生时期
【拓展】 graduation n． 毕业7. escape v. & n. 逃脱; 被遗忘; 未被注意
【归纳】
v. escape (doing) sth. 逃脱做某事
escape from/out of...
从……逃离; 逃走
n. make one’s escape 逃跑
have a narrow escape 九死一生
a fire escape 紧急出口; 安全门8. clear adj. 清楚的; 显然的; 明白的　
vt. 扫除; 清除; 放晴
adv. 清楚地; 清晰地; 完全地
【归纳】
adj. make...clear 讲清楚, 弄明白
keep clear of 不接触, 避开
v. clear away 把……清除掉, 收拾
clear off 离去; 迅速地离开某地
clear out 除掉; 整理
clear up 解释; 整理; (天)放晴1. bring up 抚养, 教养; 提出; 呕吐
【拓展】
bring about 造成, 引起;
bring in 引入, 赚得;
bring out 使显现, 阐明, 出版, 生产
bring along 随身携带
bring on 导致; 促成; 使……发展
bring forth 生产, 产生(二) 短语2. be known for 因……而出名/闻名
其后多接表示人或物的特点、特长等方面的内容。
【拓展】
be known as 被认为是; 作为……而出名(指以某种身份而出名)
be known to 为……所熟知, 其后常接人作宾语3. earn one’s living 谋生
【拓展】
earn a fortune 挣大钱
make a/one’s living 谋生
earn sb. praise/a reputation
为某人赢得赞扬/名声4. come to/into power (开始)掌权, 上台
【拓展】
in/within one’s power 为某人力所能及
beyond/out of one’s power
不能胜任; 力所不能及
in power 当权的; 掌权的
seize power 夺取政权
take power 取得政权
put...into power 使执政, 使上台5. throw into 投入
【拓展】
throw light on/upon sth.
阐明某事; 使某事显得清楚
throw sth./oneself at sb. / sth.
冲向某人/某物; 向……扔……throw away 丢弃
throw off 扔掉; 脱掉; 摆脱
throw oneself into 投身于; 积极从事
throw up 呕吐; 放弃
throw over 抛弃; 拒绝6. 含介词to的短语动词:
英语中有一些动词与介词to搭配构成短语, 后面常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。如：
attach ... to 认为有(重要性、意义),
附上
belong to 属于
refer to 涉及到, 查阅
turn to 求助于, 翻到, 转向pay attention to 注意
lead to 导致, 通向
relate to 与……有联系
come to 涉及, 共计
get down to 开始认真（做某事）
devote oneself to 献身于, 致力于
contribute to 为……做贡献 / 捐款
look forward to 期望, 盼望I. 根据本模块所学单词及提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. Prices of s______ food such as wheat
and vegetables have also been
increasing in recent years.staple?? 2. Tourism has ________ (取代)
agriculture as the nation’s main
industry.
3. With more forests being destroyed, huge q________ of good earth are being washed away each year.
4. I think it’s important to ________ (支持) local businesses by buying locally.supportreplacedquantitiesII. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. There were two loud _________ (explode) and then the building burst into flames.
2. I will be most interested to hear your ________ (person) views on the situation.
3. The company’s problems are _______ (part) due to bad management.
4. During the crisis years the __________ (produce) of coal declined 50 percent.productionexplosions?personal?partly?III. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. According to the art leader, the painting __________ (expect) to go for at least a million dollars.
2. The sick boy _________ (take) to hospital by the police yesterday.
3. —What’s that noise?
—The new machine _____________ (test).
4. One learns a language by ________ (make) mistakes and _________ (correct) them.?correctingis expected ? ?was taken?is being tested?making1. The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
这些管子被捆在一根长棍子上, 这根棍子有助于让火箭保持笔直的方向前进。(三) 句式keep sb. / sth. doing sth. 表示“使……一直做某事”。keep后面可以跟复合结构, 即宾语与宾语补足语。作宾语补足语的可以是介词短语、v.-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词等。
该句式中keep为使役动词, 该句式意为“使……继续处于某种状态”。 keep+宾语(名词或代词)+形容词
e.g. The news that my father was
admitted to a hospital kept me sad.
2) keep+宾语(名词或代词)+副词
3) keep+宾语(名词或代词)+名词
4) keep+宾语(名词或代词)+现在分词
其中宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系 。
e.g. I’m sorry to keep you waiting.5) keep+宾语(名词或代词)+过去分词
其中宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系。
e.g. He will never keep a job half done.
6) keep+宾语(名词或代词)+介词短语2. Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.
它的产量比巴基斯坦所种植的其他品种的水稻产量都要高得多。much修饰比较级, 意为“……得多”。
常见的修饰比较级的词还有：a little, a bit, a lot, rather, by far, far, even, still, any等。3. 2/3 of the world’s population regularly eat rice.
世界人口中有三分之二的人经常吃大米。
(1)分数或百分数修饰名词作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。
若是不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数; 若主语是可数名词复数, 则谓语动词要用复数。(2) 分数表达时, 分子用基数词, 分母用序数词。分子大于一时, 分母序数词加s。
one/a half 二分之一
one fourth/a quarter 四分之一
one fifth 五分之一
four fifths 五分之四
three fourths/three quarters 四分之三(1) Three quarters of the books in the study _____ mine.
书房里四分之三的书是我的。
(2) Two thirds of the earth’s surface ____ covered by water.
地球表面的三分之二被水覆盖。areis4. Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world’s first astronaut?
他还是被带到了数英里之外的太空, 成为了世界上第一位宇航员？
本句中的becoming the world’s first astronaut是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语, 只能放在主句后面。e.g. Her parents died, leaving her a lot of debts.
她的父母去世了, 给她留下很多债务。
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱, 造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。【特别提示】
现在分词和动词不定式作结果状语的区别:
(1)现在分词作结果状语通常表示一个自然而然的、意料之中的结果。
(2)不定式作结果状语表示一个出乎意料的结果。其前常加only以强调这一意外结果。
e.g. I rushed to the school, only to find it
was Sunday.语法被动语态用法小结【归纳】
1. 被动语态是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的, 其中be随主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。2. 带情态动词的被动结构由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”或“情态动词+have+ been+及物动词的过去分词”表示。
3. 一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态, 因为只有及物动词才有动作的承受者。但许多由“不及物动词+介词或副词”构成的动词短语相当于及物动词, 因而也可以有被动语态。但其在变为被动语态时, 不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。4. 感官动词hear等或使役动词make等在被动句中接带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
【拓展】
英语中有些不及物动词可以表示被动意
义。这种不及物动词有下列几种：
1. 某些系动词, 如smell, taste, sound, prove,
feel等。如：
The flowers smell sweet.
The story proved quite false. 2. 某些与can’t, won’t等连用的不及物动词, 如move, lock, shut, open等。如：
It can’t move.
The door won’t shut.
3. 某些可和well, easily等副词连用的不及物动词, 如read, write, wash, sell等。如：
My new pen writes well.
The cloth doesn’t wash easily.用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。
Sister Carrie tells the story of Carrie, a
pretty 18-year-old from a small town, who
1. ________ (leave) for Chicago by train
with the dream of enjoying a pleasant city
life. There she meets her sister in a flat, leaves? but it is not long before she realises that she 2. ___________ (expect) to go to work immediately to pay her sister for the rent of her small room.
It is when she 3. ________ (feel) so upset after losing her job that she suddenly comes across Drouet, whom she first met on the train to Chicago. He introduces Carrie to his friend Hurstwood, a manager of a saloon inis expected???? is feelingthe city. Carrie 4. ________ (offer) a job performing in a theatre and accidentally (偶然地) becomes very famous.
Later Hurstwood and Carrie fall in love and run away to another city. Carrie gradually becomes a well-known actress but Hurstwood fails time and time again. Hurstwood slowly gives up himself andis offered??? eventually 5. ________ (drive) out of his apartment and becomes a homeless beggar (乞丐).
When Sister Carrie came out in 1900, it 6. ______ (sell) rather badly, less than 700 copies. It was not until many years later that its author Dreiser 7. ______________ (recognise) as a powerful novelist in American literature.was recognisedis driven?sold写作【写作任务】
你所在的班级将要举办主题为 “My favourite scientist” 的英语演讲比赛。请根据表格所给提示信息写一篇英语演讲稿。如何介绍伟人注意：
1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不
计入总词数）；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 参考词汇：有求知欲的 curious
Good morning, everyone!
Today I am going to talk about my favourite scientist Thomas Edison. ?________
_____________________________________
Thank you!【写作指导】
1. 审题定调：
介绍伟人, 就是要对伟人的生平、主要经历和成就进行介绍, 使读者对伟人有一个更为清晰和全面的了解。写作时应注意组织先后顺序，把握文章的基本框架, 避免遗漏要点。
2. 确定主体内容：
该短文可分为三部分：
第一部分：介绍爱迪生的出生时间、地点等；
第二部分：介绍爱迪生的主要经历与成就；
第三部分：给你的启示。3. 确定人称、时态：
介绍人物生平事迹时人称用第三人称，时态以一般过去时为主。讲述启示时常用一般现在时。
4. 常用表达：
be famous / known as have a great talent for
be curious to do ... work day and night
make great contributions to ... was born in ...
... is / was considered (as / to be) ...
... is / was awarded the title of ...
He / She is one of the greatest scientists and inventors in the world.【参考范文】
Good morning, everyone!
Today I am going to talk about my favourite scientist Thomas Edison. Born in America in February 1847, Thomas Edison was considered one of the greatest scientists and inventors in the world.
When he was young, he was thought to be not worth educating by his teachers. Actually, he had a great talent for science. And he was curious to know how things worked. He was also so hard-working that heworked day and night. He had more than 1,000 inventions.
Probably I cannot be an Edison myself, but I can be a hard-working learner. From him, I have realised the key to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it.
Thank you!巩固练习I. 根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。
这位汽车司机很可能掌握着破获这一案件的关键证据。 (the key to doing sth.)
The driver of the car probably hold the key to solving the crime.2. 我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。 (bring up)
I’d like to bring up my child in a healthy environment.
3. 这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。
(come to power)
The party came to power at the last election.
4. 你足够大了，可以自己谋生了。(earn
one’s living)
You’re old enough to earn your own living.II. 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
Isaac Newton (1643-1727) is considered one of the world’s most brilliant scientists and a(n) 1. ________ (lead) figure in the history of modern physics. Newton’s father died three months before he was born and perhaps, as a result, he was brought up alone and leading2. ________ (most) worked and lived alone throughout his life. He was educated at a grammar school in Grantham and graduated 3. ________ Trinity College, Cambridge in England.
In 1687, his most important work 4. _____________ (publish): Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, which is now simply known 5. ___ Principia. In 6. __, mostlyit? from?was publishedasNewton introduced his theory of gravity, which helped explain the 7. __________ (move) of the planets and the Sun. He also explained his three laws of motion, which became the basis of modern physics. As well as this, Newton also made breakthroughs in mathematics, developing a new type of mathematics 8. _____ (call) calculus (微积分) called?movementsand the reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors 9. ________ (reflect) light and form 10. ____ image. Almost all the major telescopes used in astronomy today are reflecting telescopes.anto reflect