Unit 4 Helping people around the world grammar

课件38张PPT。
the Subjunctive Mood
虚 拟 语 气
What would you do if you had a…?Magic Brush虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 (fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses ), 愿望(wishes), 建议(suggestion) 或怀疑(doubt)等等。
The definition of the Subjunctive MoodRevisionIf I were a millionaire, I would travel around the world.
If you had not slept with the window open, you would not have caught a cold.
If I were not to have a test , I would go shopping.
If I didn’t have a test,If I should not have a test,虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法
Revision虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法If…were/did … ,
…would/could/might do …If … had done…,
…would/could/might have done…If…were/did/should/were to…,
…would/could/might do…在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词, 可以将他们提前变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.If 的省略倒装
If you had not slept with the window open, you would not have caught a cold.
Had you not slept with the window open, you would not have caught a cold.If I were a millionaire, I would travel around the world.
Were I a millionaire, I would travel around the world.If I were not to have a test, I would go shopping.
If I should not have a test,
If I didn’t have a test,
Were I not to have a test, I would go shopping.
Should I not have a test,
If you had not slept with the window open, you would not have caught a cold.
If you had not slept with the window open, you ________________ now.错综混合条件句If…were/did … , …would/could/might do …
If … had been/done… , …would/could/might have done…
If…were/did/should/were to… , …would/could/might do…
If you ___________________ (attend) the meeting yesterday, you ____________ (know) what we are doing now.had attendedwould knowIf it ______ (be) not for the fact that his father is the manager, he ____________________ (not get) the position.would not have gotwereHad you listened to the doctor, you _________ all
right now.
A. are B. were
C. would be D. would have been
2. __________ any change about the date, please tell me
immediately.
A. Will there be B. Should there be
C. There will be D. There should be
3. __________ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leave4. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved B. would have been saved
C. will be saved D. had been saved
5. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a
moment ago.
A. would B. should have
C. may D. have
6. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow B. would snow
C. snow D. will snow7. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had
followed his advice.
A. may not make B. might not make
C. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made
8. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I
would ask you to do this right now.
A. were B. had been
C. are D. should be含蓄条件句I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.
If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.I would have finished the work, but I have been ill.If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.Without air, there would be no living things.If there were not air, there would be no living things.But for your help, I couldn’t have done it.If it hadn’t been for your help, I couldn’t have done it. insist
order, command
advise, suggest, propose (proposal)
demand , require, request, desire
1. 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略其他句式结构中的虚拟运用
He insisted that Mary ______ (be) seriously ill and that she _________(send) to hospitals at once.
The boy’s expression suggested that he _________ (be) angry, so Jim suggested that we _________________( not argue) with him any more. wasbe sentwasshould not argueAll of us are for the advice that the chemical factory _______________(close down).
My demand is that she _____________(come) to see me once a week. be closed down should come注意点: 1. suggest和insist具有双重性
2. require, propose, order, desire等相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气2. wish/if only/as if现在：
过去：
未来：did（were）had done
would/might do
He is a brave man. I wish I have his courage.
The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I didn’t go to it.
If only you will attend our wedding next week.
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it had been broken.
We felt as if we knew each other for years.
If only we didn’t miss the train the other day.改错hadhadn’t gonewould/could werehad knownhadn’t missed3. would rather that现在：
过去：
未来：didhad donedidGroup work: 4. It is desired/ suggested/ proposed/ necessary/ important/ strange/ natural/ essentialIt is important that we (should) master a foreign language.
It is strange that she (should) refuse to come to the party.
It’s requested that all the students (should) wear school uniforms at school.5. It’s (high) time +that … did/should do…It's high time that we turned our attention to this problem.
It’s time that our students devoted ourselves to the exam.高考链接1.(NMET 06)
Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____________ yesterday.
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
2. (05江苏)
---Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York?
---I agree, but the problem is ________he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
3. (05湖北)
If I ________plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
ConsolidationConsolidationConsolidationConsolidationMultiple choice:
1. We demanded that we __________ of any change in the plan.
? A. informed??? B. would be informed??? ?
??? C. be informed??? ?? D. had been informed
2. It’s necessary that he _________ a recognized qualification.
? A. has????????? ?B.have? ????
C. had?????? ???? ? D. having
3. It's high time we ____________ our attention to this problem.
? A. turned????? ??? B. turn????? ???????
????C. had turned? ????? ?D. would turn4. If only you __________ him what I said!? Everything would have been all right.
? A. didn't told????? B. hadn't told ????????????
?C. would not tell???? D. would have not told
5. He must have had an accident, or he____________ here then.
? A. would have been???? B. had been
C. should have been??? D. could be
6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_____________ before.
? A. had invented????? B. were invented
C. should have been invented
D. had been invented7. _____________ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.
? A. Were they to??? ? B. Could they? ???
?????C. If they??? ????????? D. Would they
8. Five minutes earlier, and we ____________ the last bus.
?? A. had caught?????? B. should have caught? ?
???C. could have caught? D. caught
9. You ____________ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.
A. shouldn't have washed
B. mustn't have washed
C. can not have washed
?D. needn't have washed
10. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _________ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
?? A. has to get???? ??B. were to get??? ?????
?? C. had got??????? ??? ?D. could have got
11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____________ himself.
?? A. injure??? ?B. had injured ?
?? C. injured?? ?D. would injure
12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios __________ after 11 o'clock at night.
?? A. were not played?????????B. not to play
C. not be played?????????????D. did not play13. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _________ on business first.
?? A. would go???? ?? ? B. will go????? ??
?????C. went? ???????????? D. have gone
14. It is important that enough money ___________ to fund the project.
?? A. be collected????? B. must be collected?
C. was collected?????D. can be collected
15. If only the committee __________ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
?? A. approve???????? B. will approve? ??
? ?C. can approve???????D. would approve16. I don't think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.
?? A. is assigned???? ? ?B. will be assigned ??
C. be assigned?????????? ? D. has been assigned
17. You _________ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.
?? A. needn't have seen? B. must have seen?
? C. might have seen????? ??D. can't have seen
18. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.
A. would have telephoned
B. must have telephoned
?? C. would telephone???????? D. had telephoned19. It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.
?? A. is not started??? ?? ??B. will not be started ?
C. not be started?????????D. is not to be started
20. I wish I ________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
?? A. could have slept?? B. slept??????????
? C. might have slept??????D. have slept
21. I ________ her to the party but I didn't know her well.
?? A. ought have invited???B. would have invited
C. should invite?????? D. may have invited
22. You ________ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.
? A. needn't go???? ?B. should not go??
??? C. had better not go?????D. needn't have gone23.---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?
----Yes, but I _____ busy doing my homework..
A. Was B. were C. had been D. would be
24. It was essential that the application forms ______back before the deadline
??A. must be sent???? B. would be sent??
??C. be sent???? ?????????????D. were sent
25. It is important that we ________.
A. shall close the window before we leave
B. will close the window before we leave
C. must close the window before we leave
D. close the window before we leaveII. Translation:
1.我不知道他的电话号码,否则我就打电话给他了。
I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telephoned him.
2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。
He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.
3.---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？
---会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。
---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?
---- Yes, but I were busy doing my homework..
4．如果你昨晚没有看电影那么晚的话，你现在就不会那么困了。
If you hadn’t seen that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.

5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。
Without electricity, human life would be quite different todayforce v. force sb to do sth
force sb into sth/ doing sth
be forced to do sth 被迫做某事
She forced herself to be forced to them.
她迫使自己对他们客气。
He was forced to leave / into leaving his hometown for
political reasons.
由于政治原因，他被迫离开了自己的家乡。
拓展：
force …on/ upon… 把……强加给 ……
force sth out of sb 强使某人说出……
I managed to force the truth out of him.
我设法迫使他说出了真相。
Don’t force your opinions on others.
不要把你的意见强加给别人。强迫某人做某事}{2. remind v. remind sb of sth 使某人想起……
常见搭配 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind sb + 从句 提醒某人……
These pictures remind me of my childhood.
这些照片使我想起了童年。
Remind me to get up at six tomorrow. 明天六点叫我起床。
Passengers are reminded that no smoking is allowed on this
train. 旅客们被提醒说本次列车禁止吸烟。
Can someone remind me what to do next?
谁能告诉我下一步该怎么做？
链接：
call sth up 使想起…… look back on sth 回忆起……
The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood.
大海的气息勾起了她对童年的回忆。
He looked back on his childhood. 他回想起了他的童年。3. if only
①引起感叹句，要用虚拟语气，“但愿，要是……就好了”
If only I had the chance! 我要是有这次机会就好了！
② 引起状语从句，要用虚拟语气，“要是，若是”
If only I had more money, I could buy a car.
要是我有更多的钱就能买车了。
if only : 有两种含义：第一种含义与only if 近似，“只要”
第二种是“但愿，如果……就好了”，它用来表达
一个不可能实现的愿望或假设，用虚拟语气。
If only it clears up, we’ll go. 只要天一放晴，我们就去。
If only you had told me you had a spare ticket for the show.
如果你告诉我，你多了一张演出票就好了。
only if: “只要，假如”。用于陈述事实或必要的条件，比if
所表达的语气强烈。
Children may enter the club only if they are companied by
adults. 只要孩子们有大人陪同就可以参加俱乐部。