课件23张PPT。高考二轮复习 语法系统讲解 三、代词 一、人称代词
１.人称代词的主格作主语，宾格作宾语、表语和介词宾语。
E.g: They are our close friends.
Jim told us to leave him alone.
--- Who is knocking at the door?
--- It’s me.
I will go with her.
Don’t place so much pressure on us.
2.在than引起的从句中，如不跟其他词，常可用人称代词的宾格,如跟其他词,则必须用人称代词的主格
eg: He is more intelligent than her/she (is).
Lucy works harder than me/I (do).
3.在电话用语中常用主格。
eg: ---I wish to speak to Mary.
---This is she.
4.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后多用宾格。
eg: ---Have more wine? ---Not me.
--- I like English. ---Me too.
5.在介词but, except后,有时可用主格也可用宾格。
eg: Nobody knows him except I/me.
二、物主代词
1.形容词性的物主代词只作定语,也就是一定要＋名词．
my our your his her their
Eg:Their parents are workers.
2.名词性的物主代词可作主语、宾语、表语和与of连用作定语。
mine ours yours his hers theirs
It is not our classroom. Ours is on the second floor.
She didn’t bring her pen, so I gave her mine.
1. _______classroom is on the second floor. (A. Our, B. We, C. Ours)
2. Please return _____books in time.
(A. they, B. their, C. theirs)
3.This is not____ book._____ is on the desk. A. your, Yours B. yours, Your; C. you; Yours
4.Our room is over ____.
(A. your B yours C. you)
5.A friend of ____ will come to see me.
A. me B. I C. my D. mine
ABABD3. 在汉语中，“我的”，“你的”这类词有时可以省掉，英语中物主代词一般不省掉。
eg: Hand in your exercise-books, please.
He picked up his cap and left the room.
Don’t put your hands in your pockets.
do one’s homework
in one’s spare time
in one’s twenties
三、反身代词myself ourselves yourself yourselves
himself herself themselves
1.一般情况下，主语和宾语是同一人时，宾语用反身代词
Eg: I teach myself English.
He bought himself a car.2. 反身代词常和某些动词连用。
be oneself 处于正常状态，显得自然
enjoy oneself
help oneself to… 随便吃／用
come to oneself 苏醒
make oneself at home 别客气
dress oneself in = be dressed in
seat oneself = be seated
devote oneself to = be devoted to 专心于；忠诚于；孝顺；献身于3. 用于某些固定短语。
by oneself: 自己一个人干（不要别人帮助），
for oneself: 替自己， 为自己
in oneself: 本身
between ourselves: 私下说的话（不可告诉别人）
to oneself: 供自己用
I can do it by myself.
She bought a dress for herself.
This is not a bad idea in itself.
All this is between ourselves.
She had a room to herself.
I haven’t been myself for weeks.
指示代词this/these; that/those1.that指前面说的话,this指后面要说的话．
That is the story he told me.
Listen! This is the story I want to tell you.
2.当前面出现两个名词时，that指代前面的名词，this指代后面的名词．
Health is above wealth. This cannot give as much happiness as that.3.在比较句型中,that /those常用来代表前面提到的东西，以避免重复这个名词；如果这个名词是单数可数名词，用the one的时候更多一些。
eg: These machines are better than those we turned out last year.
The oil output in 2001 was much higher than that of 1986.
My room was brighter than the one next door.
The weather of Australia is quite different from that of China.
4.This 和that 有时还可以用来表示程度,译成“这么；那么”
eg: I only have this much. Is it enough?
I never thought an opera can be that interesting.
3.That 的 其它一些词组.
1.like that 这样 eg: Don’t do it like that.
2. that is (to say). 也就是说
eg: We’ll have summer holiday this day next week,that is (to say), next Thursday.
3. that’s all 就这些
eg: Just don’t do it again, that’s all.
4. now (that) 既然
eg: Now that dinner is ready, wash your hands.
不定代词1.other; another; the other; others; the others
other adj 一定要＋名词
another adj/n 与单数名词一起用，或单独用
the other n 特指两者中的另一个
others n 不跟名词，没有范围
the others n 不跟名词，特定范围内
1.We should learn to respect___________.
2.The students in Group 4 remain in the classroom, _____________go with me to the garden.
3.I don’t like these books, can you show me some__________?
4.Ther are two tickets here.One is for you,________ is for me.
5.Besides Jim and Mary,there are ten ______ students on the ground.
6.Although I have had 4 cakes, I am still not full. Can you give me_______ one?
othersthe othersothersthe otherotheranother句型：
1.one …the other
2.one…one…another
3.one…another…the third…
4.some…others…
He has three children. One is a doctor, one is a teacher, another is an engineer.
Some students are interested in football, some enjoy baseball, others are fond of volleyball.
another +number +n = number +more +n
表示“再，还”
Please wait for another five minutes.
Please wait for five more minutes.
We need another ten people to help us.
We need ten more people to help us.2.some;any
1)some多用于肯定句;any多用于否定句，疑问句，条件句中．
I don’t like any of the books.
If there is any food left, please give me some.
I know some of them, but not all.
２）some可用于疑问句，表请求或征求意见，常用于以下句型：
Can/Could you lend me some books?
Will / Would you pass him some water?
Would you like some drinks?
May I have some coffee?3) some + 单数名词=a certain+n表示“某一”
They will not attend the meeting for some reason.
4) some =about (与数量词连用)
This story happened some ten years ago.
5)any也可用于肯定句，强调（任何一个），多与单数名词连用．every强调全部.
Any boy can do it.
You can take any book you like.
---What kind of drinks would you like?
----___________ will do.
If you like ,everything here is yours.
Anything3.none: 特指前面提到的名词
nothing:什么也没有nobody/no one:什么人也没有
1.How many deer did you see in the zoo?
2.How much oil remains?
3.Do you have any pens here?
4.Is there any bread in the fridge?
5.There are many apples on the desk, but there is_______ in the basket.
6.What’s above the the ceiling?
7.The room is empty. You can find _______ there.
8.Who is in the room?
9.All people have gone home.You can find ___.None .Nothing .nothing/nobodyNo one/Nobody.疑问代词1.what,who,which
What, who: 没有限定范围
Which: 在一定范围内进行选择
What sports do you like?
Which sport do you like, swimming or skating?
Who do you think will win the game?
Which do you think will win the game, Lucy or Lily?Ex:1. _________material should we use for the house?
2. He is studying in Oxford or Cambridge. I don’t know ___________.
3.I have tea, coffee and milk here. ______do you prefer?
4._______Smith are you looking for, John Smith or Joe Smith?
5. ______are you looking for? You have been wondering here for 2 hours?What whichWhich Which Who 课件56张PPT。高考二轮复习 语法系统讲解 一、冠词 重温语法 聚焦高考 －高考冠词考什么？一、考查不定冠词和零冠词的区别
- Is it ___ English dictionary?
- Yes, and it is ___ useful one.
A. a, a B. a, an C. an, a D. an, an
二、考查不定冠词和定冠词的区别
1.There’s ___ dictionary on ___ desk near the window.
A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. the, the
2.___ earth we live on is bigger than ___ moon.
A. The, a B. The, the C. An, a D. An, the
CAB三、考查“零冠词”的用法
1. It takes us nearly ___ hour to go to Korla by ___ air.
A. an, a B. a, an C. an, / D. a, the
2. My uncle isn’t ___ old man, and he likes playing ___ football.
A. a, a B. an, an C. the, the D. an, /
四、综合考查
____ car in front of our school gate is ___ .
A. The, the Turners’ B. A, the Turner’s
C. /, the Turners’ D. The, the Turners
CDA重点归纳： 1、冠词是虚词，本身不能单 独使用，也没有词义，
它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。
2、冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。
下面我们分别来进行讲解不定冠词，定冠词，
和零冠词的用法
一、不定冠词的用法例1 Jack’s father is ____ doctor.
A. a B. an C. some D. / 分析 a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。 A 例2 There is ____ “f” and ____
“u” in the word “four”.
A. an, a B. a, a
C. an, an D. a, an分析 在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。A归纳：1. a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素，u发音是[ju:]或[ju]时前面用冠词a，u读[?]时前面用冠词an。
2. 26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的字母有：f [ef], h [eit], l [el], n [en], r [a；], s [es],
x[eks] 。
There is an “R” in the word.
This is a European country.
European词首字母不发音， [j]是辅音音素。
This is a one-eyed dog.
one [w]是辅音音素。例３ Tom is ____ honest boy. We all like him.
A. a B. an C. the D. /分析 honest 中h不发音，读音以元音音素[ ] 放于前面，表示“一个”时应加an。B 例４ ---Why not take ____ friend with you?
---That’s ____ good idea.
A. a, a B. the, the
C. a, the D. the, a
分析 使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是 何人或何物。A例5 Take the medicine
three times ____ day.
A. a B. the C. an D./分析 使用不定冠词表示单位，fifty miles an hour意为“每小时50公里”，twice a week意为“每周两次”。A例6 English is _____
language. It is _____
important tool.
A. a, a B. a, an
C. the, an D. a, /
分析 a language意为“一种语言”。language 是可数名词。
B例７ ____ steel worker
makes steel.
A./ B.A C. This D. That分析 a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中 a steel worker是指钢铁工人们。表示一类人有三种式：
The bike is slower than the car.
A bike is slower than a car.
Bikes are slower than cars.B例８ Tom has ____ high
fever and his mother is
looking after him.
A. a B. the C. an D./分析 表示生什么病前应用a, have a headache, have a cold。A例９ Mary takes ____ walk
after supper every day.
A. the B. a C./ D. one分析 give, take, have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。
have a talk (bath, look)
make a living (promise)
take a swim (walk, rest)
give a talk (whistle, smile)B例10 The old woman had
____ fire in her room.
A. the B./ C. a D. this分析 抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。
It is a great joy to study at this college.
This kind of wood can make into a good paper.
He made a living by selling
newspaper.C不定冠词的用法
1、表示一类人或事物中的“任何”
一个，相当于汉语中“一”，
但不用于强调数目的概念。
2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明
是 何人或何物。
3、表示单位
4、表示“一类”例１ There is ____bridge over the river. ____ bridge is made of stone.
A. a, A B. a, The
C. the, The D. the, A 分析 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。
I have a little bird. The bird is
yellow.B二、定冠词的用法例２ ____ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai.
A. The B. An C. This D. That分析 名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，名词前应加the来表示特指。
The boys here are interested in sports.A例3 ____ first one sat
down and the second
stood up.
A. The B.A C. One D. An分析 序数词前表示顺序时前加the。
Mary is the third to come in.A例４ Winter is ____
coldest season of the
year.
A. a B. the C./ D. so分析 形容词最高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加 the。
Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.B例５ ____ moon moves
around ____ earth, and
they both are smaller than
____ sun.
A.The, the, the B.A, an, a C.The, an, the D.The, the, a分析 定冠词用于表示世界上
独一无二的物体名词前。A例６ We live in ____
south of China.
A. the B./ C. a D. some 分析 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。
The sun rises in the east.A例７ ____ browns are
watching TV at home at
the moment.
A./ B. The C. Mr. D.A分析 the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。B 例８ He will go to see you
off at ____ Railway
Station.
A. a B. an C. the D./ 分析 the＋普通名词构成专有名词。
the United States／the United Nations
the People’s Republic of ChinaC例９ I was playing ____
piano at eight yesterday morning.
A. a B./ C. the D. this 分析 play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加 the。
Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute.
表示数量时可用a。
This is a new piano against the wall.C例10 Our teacher gets up
early in ____ morning. A. the B./ C. a D. an 分析 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。 in the afternoon (evening)／in the daytime
at the beginning／in the endA例11 There is a large ship in
____ middle of the river.
A. a B./ C. the D. any 分析 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。
on the right (left)
in the front of
in the middle of the meeting at the foot of the hillC例12 Last night we
went to ____ cinema.
A. the B. a C./ D. those 分析 牢记一些固定搭配：
go to the concert (theatre)A例13 ____ young should care for and help ____ old.
A. The, a B. The, the
C. A, the D. An, an分析 the＋形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物。
the poor / the rich / the sick / the beautifulB例14 The small town lies on ____ Yangtzi River.
A. a B. an C./ D. the
分析 定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面
the Dead Sea / the Black Sea
the North China Plain华北平原D二、不用冠词的场合例1 Paper is made of
____ bamboo.
A. a B. the C. / D. that 分析 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。Wood can be made into chairs and tables.
Iron is a kind of metal.C例２ ____ January is the first month of the year.
A. The B.A C./ D. That分析 表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。
Spring is coming.
He was born in December.
如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。
He was born in the Summer of 1964.C 例３ We have no classes
____ Sundays.
A. the B. these C. D. those分析 表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。C例４ I studies ____ English in
____ England.
A. /, / B. an, the
C. an, an D. /, the
分析 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。
learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry)
China is in Asia.
in Germany (Japan)
in Africa (Europe …)A例５ They often take a
walk in ____ Hyde Park.
A. the B. a C./ D. this分析 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。
Christmas Day New year’s Eve
National Day Children’s Day
Teachers’ Day Wall StreetC例６ The thief was thrown
into ____ prison.
A. the B. a C. this D. /分析 表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的
部门时，名词前不加冠词。
背会下列词组：go to work (college, school, hospital, church)
be in hospital (school, bed, prison)
go to school/ go to the school上这所学校
go to bed/ be on the bed东西摆在床上
go to class (be in class)/ be in the class
在教室里 D例７ He doesn’t have
____ breakfast at home.
A. a B. the C. this D. /分析 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿…的饭”，可加a。
have a big supper (nice lunch)D例８ We go to work by __ bus.
A. / B. a C. the D. one 分析 表示交通工具的手段时，用by＋名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。
by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship)或 by sea (water, air, land)
如果用介词in或on，名词前
要加冠词或物主代词。A例９ ____ running is good.
A. The B. A C./ D. An 分析 动名词前一般不用冠词。
Walking on the moon is difficult.
Seeing is believing.C例10 These boys play ____ football after class.
A. a B. the C. that D. /分析 球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。D例11 The students of ____
Grade One are having a meeting.
A. these B. / C. a D. an 分析 名词＋数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词＋名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the。
turn to page3/ the third page
Lesson One/ the first lesson
gate Five/ the fifth GateB例12 There is no ____ book on the desk.
A. the B. a C. an D./ 分析 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或Any和 no时，均不再用冠词。
No books, not a book, not any
booksD例13 He often works late at ____ night.
A. / B. the C. a D. all 分析 表示时间或地点的一些介词＋名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。
at home, in town, at noon, at
daybreak, in trouble, in danger,
in fact等。A例14 What does this word mean, ____?
A. my father B. Father
C. father D. a father
分析 家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任的职务名词前不用冠词。
He is secretary of our lab.
Mother is cooking while father is reading newspaper.
father和mother大写时前不加物主代词，小写时前要加物主代词，如：my father, his mother。B定冠不定冠 意思差千万
有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：
1)at table在吃饭；
at the table在桌子旁
2)in class在上课；
in the class在班级中注意一些特殊的情况：3)go to school去上学;
go to the school
到那所学校去
4)go to bed上床睡觉;
go to the bed到床那边去
5)in front of在…的前面 ;
in the front of在…的前部.不定冠词的用法
1、表示一类人或事物中的“任何”
一个，相当于汉语中“一”，
但不用于强调数目的概念。
2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明
是 何人或何物。
3、表示单位
4、表示“一类”定冠词的用法
1、文章中第一次出现的可数名词前
用a(an)。下次再出现此名词
2、名词后有表示范围、地点的介词
短语限定时
3、序数词前表示顺序时
4、形容词最高级前及
Only修饰的名词前5、定冠词用于表示世界上独
一无二的物体名词前
6、表示东、南、西、北方的名词前
7、姓氏的复数形式前时，
表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人
8、the＋普通名词构成专有名词。
9、play＋乐器表示弹奏时，
该乐器名词前加 the。
10、the＋形容词（形容词名词化）
表示一类人或事物
11、定冠词the用在江河、海洋、
山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面不用冠词的场合
1、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词
2、表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the
3、表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。
4、学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。
5、在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）
之前不加冠词
6、表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的
部门时，名词前不加冠词。
7、表示三餐的名词前不加冠词8、表示交通工具的手段时，用by＋名词表示，
该名词前不用冠词。
9、动名词前一般不用冠词。
10、球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。
11、名词＋数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the
12、名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、
名词所有格或Any和 no时，均不再用冠词
13、表示时间或地点的一些介词＋名词的词组
和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词
14、家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任
的职务名词前不用冠词精选习题
1. This is song I’ve told you about.
Isn’t it beautiful one?
A．the /the B．a/a
C．the /a D．a /the
2.______Yellow River is _________
second longest river in China.
A. /, the B. The, the
C. /. A D. The, aCB3. ---How far is it from our school
to______ seaside?
---It is ______eight-kilometre
walk from here.
A. the; an B./ ;an C. the; a D./ ;a
4．_____China is______old country
with _____ long history.
A．The，an，a B．／，an，a
C．／，an，the D．／，the，a AB*5. They had _______ wonderful train ride to Chengdu before they went on to _______ Mount Emei by bus.
A. a; the????????? B. /; the??????????
C. a; /?????????? D. the; a
属于5、在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）
之前不加冠词
C同学们如果有疑问也可以和我沟通交流
联系方式：
QQ343836231 E-mail:wenbinwell530@tom.com课件19张PPT。高考二轮复习 语法系统讲解 二、名 词一、分类 (Classification)A:专有名词 (Proper nouns)B:普通名词 (Common nouns)Countable nouns
(可数名词)Uncountable nouns
(不可数名词)Individual Nouns
（个体名词） Collective Nouns
（集体名词 ）Abstract Nouns
（抽象名词 ）Material Nouns
（物质名词 ）二、数(Number)A: Singular number (单数)
B: Plural number (复数) （1）一般的词，包括元音字母加y结尾的词，直接
在词尾加－s
（2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的词在词尾加－es
（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加－es
（4）以f或fe结尾的词，应变f或fe为v再加-es1.规则名词单复数变化:2. 不规则名词单复数变化:（1）单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, species,
species, works(工厂), aircraft,
spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese,
Swiss
（2）改变字母：man --men, woman --women,
policeman --policemen,
saleswoman --saleswomen,
foot --feet, tooth --teeth,
goose --geese, Mouse --Mice ,
abacus --abaci (或abacuses)，
phenomenon --phenomena
另： penny （pence或 pennies）
（3）增加字母: child --children, ox --oxen（4）以o结尾的词：
加s: photo, radio, piano, zoo, studio,
bamboo, tobacco, kangroo
加es: tomato, potato, hero, Negro, dingo
另：zero （zeros或 zeroes）
（5）以f或fe结尾的词:
直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief, gulf,
变f为v再加es：life, wife, knife, half, leaf,
wolf, thief
另外：handkerchief
（handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）
beef（beeves菜牛 、beefs怨言；牢骚）3. 名词单复数的特殊情况:(1) 集体名词只用作复数：police , cattle , people ,
poultry, the youth
(2) 集体名词用作不可数名词:
clothing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage),
machinery, wealth
(3) 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数：
family, class, population, staff, crew, couple, public,
group, team, party, club, company, government,
committee, audience, enemy
(4) 只有复数形式的名词:
clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses,
scissors, handcuffs, pincers, goods ,thanks, wishes,
wages, tears, troops, forces, resources(5) 以s结尾但不表示复数:
mathematics, physics, politics, statistics, news,
woods(森林), works(工厂)
(6) 有没有s结尾意义不同：
glass –glasses, cloth –clothes, work –works,
sand –sands, snow –snows, water –waters,
wood –woods, good–goods, time –times(时代),
paper –papers(论文), green –greens(青菜),
custom –customs(海关), spirit –spirits(酒精,情绪),
light –lights(灯), experience –experiences(经历),
arm –arms(武器), iron –irons(镣铐,熨斗),
compass(指南针) –compasses(圆规),
(7) 姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩:
the Greens ；the Chengs(8) 合成名词的复数形式：
①将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数：
looker(s)-on, passer(s)-by, mother(s)-in-law
②将最后一部分变为复数：
grown-up(s), go-between(s) (中间人），
good-for-nothing(s) (无用之人）
③含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名词：
它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。
如： boy students, girl friends, lady drivers
④含man或 woman的合成名词：
它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如：
a man doctor, two men doctors (9)名词只能用复数形式的短语：
do exercises （做操）
take notes (做笔记）
take turns （轮流）
make repairs （搞修理）
change trains （改换火车）
make friends with （交朋友）
shake hands with (握手）
as follows （如下）
in rags （衣衫褴褛）
in dozens （成打的）(9) 名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：
make faces / a face（做鬼脸）
Have talks / a talk with sb.(与某人交谈）
Play jokes / a joke on （拿…开玩笑）
Make contributions / a contribution to
（为…做贡献）
(10)名词单复数意义不同的短语：
Have a word with sb. （与…某人说句话）
Have words with sb. （与…某人吵架）
Make cloth (织布）
Make clothes （制衣）三、名词的格 (Case)A:通格(Common case): 主格 (Subject case)
宾格 (Object case)
B:所有格(Possessive case)1. ～’s属格：
原则上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名词。如：
the teacher’s book; the horse’s tail
然而，时间、距离、太阳、地球、月亮、江河、
海洋、船只、国家、城市、团体机构等名词也
可以用～’s属格。如：today’s newspaper;
the city’s transportation① 一般的名词，包括不以s结尾的复数名词，
在词后加’s。如：the children’s book
② 以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式只在词后加～’。
如：the teachers’ office
③ 以s结尾的专有名词的所有格，既可加～’s
也可加～’。如：Engels’（s）letter
④ 两者或两者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用
所有格形式，如:Tom and Mike’s room
若表示分别拥有时，则要在每个名词后用
所有格形式，如:Tom’s and Mike’s rooms
2. of～属格：
多用于无生命现象的名词， 也可用于有生命现象的名词；当一个名词有较长的定语时，就只能用of～短语来表示所有关系。
如：the cover of the book;
a toy of Li Ping’s younger brother
3．双重属格：
既有～’s的属格，又有of～的属格。通常～’s属格表示所有关系，of属格表示部分与整体的关系。如:a friend of my father’s; a book of Tom’s
4.表示“某人自己的”的属格:
用of one’s own表示，不可用of＋反身代词。
例如：This is the house of my own.四、名词的性 （Gender)Masculine（阳性）: actor, waiter, master,
prince, lad, hero
2. Feminine（阴性）: actress, waitress, mastress,
princess, lass, heroine
3. Neuter（中性）: teacher, worker, monkey,
sheep, tree, crop
五、名词在句子中的作用 （Function)精选练习题
1.The Chinese people ______.
A. is a great people B. are a great people
C. are great people D. are great peoples
2. Something was wrong with ____car ,
but luckily they knew how to fix it .
A. Jim’s and Tom’s B. Jim and Tom’s
C. Jim’s and Tom D. Jim and Tom
3.He is a friend of _____.
A. Kate’s father’s B. Kate’s father
C.Father’s of Kate D. Kate father’s
4.The news of Victories ___got round quickly.
A. is B. are C. have been D. /
5. The rich ___not always happy.
A. are B is C. have D. has
6.Your trousers ____dirty , you must ___washed.
A. is, it B are, it C. is , them D. are , them
7. He, including his parents, ____this novel.
A. like B . likes C. are like D. is like
8.There are three ____in our class.
A. Zhou’s B. Zhous’ C. Zhous D. Zhous’s
9.The bridge is ____.
A. ten-metres’ B. ten metre
C. ten-meters D. ten metres
10.Mother made a new skirt with two meters of
___.
A.clothes B, cloth C.dress D.cloths
11.If these trousers are too big , buy a small ___
A.one B. copy C. pair D. set
12.He dropped the ___and broke it .
A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup
C. cup coffee D. coffee cup
13. Let’s have a ___break.
A. ten minute’s B. ten-minutes
C. ten minutes’ D. ten minutes
14.___should be strict with _____.
A. Teachers, a student B. The teachers, students
C. Teachers, students D. Teachers, a student
15.They played in the ___for an hour, and when they
returned , they found their goods ___stolen.
A. sand, were B. sand, was
C. sands, were D. sands, was总之，名词是人、动物、事物、地方、状态、品质或动作的名称。
它可以表示具体的东西，也可表示抽象的东西。下面斜体字都是名词：
1John is my friend．My children love their teachers．（人）
2The dog is running after a rat．（动物）
3This school is good．Broadway is a street in New York City．（地方）
4My pencil is lost．The window of this house is pretty．（东西）
5Poverty is a big problem．Everyone seeks happiness．（状态）
6His bravery is well-known。I enjoy the beauty of this moun－tain。（品质）
7His arrival was on Sunday．His judgment is not correct．（动作）课件28张PPT。 高考二轮复习 语法系统讲解 三、数词热身练习
1. _______ trees were planted on the mountain last year.
A. Thousands of B. Thousand of
C. Five thousand of D. Five thousands.
2．______ of the students are girls in our class．
A．Two three?B．Two threes
C．Two thirds?D．Second three
3.----When was he born?
----he was born on ________.
A. second of October B. the October three
C. October the second D. three of October【考点直击】
1、由数词加名词共同作定语或
表语的用法。
2、hundred / thousand / million /
billion的用法。
3、“一年半”的两种表示方式。
4、分数的表示方式。
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。什么叫数词?基数词的构成1）1－12有各自独立的形式。
2）13-19都是相对应3－9加上teen构成，特
殊拼写的词有thirteen, fifteen, eighteen。
3）20－90都以-ty结尾，特殊拼写的有
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty。
4）21－99,整数十位数＋各位数，中间有
“－”。
5）百位数，由百位数＋and+两位数组成。
……注： 1、1000以上几个的词，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前的数为thousand，第二个逗号前的数为million（百万）, 第三个逗号前的数为billion（十亿），第四个逗号前的数为trillion（万亿）
888，888，888，888
eight hundred and eighty-eight billion, eight hundred and eighty-eight million, eight hundred and eighty-eight thousand, eight hundred and eighty-eight billion2、基数词常与名词构成的合成词在句中作定语，中间要用连字符 “_”，这个名词只用单数形式． a two hundred – word report
a seven-day holiday
a 3 – year – old girl 基数词的用法1、表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand,
million，billion一律不用复数；在表示一个不
确定数字时则用复数。例如：
1) Our country has a population of 1,300 million
people.
2) There are three thousand students in our
school.
3) After the war, thousands of people became
homeless.
4) Maize is the most important food crop for
millions of people in the world.2、在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里； 如：They arrived in twos and threes.
他们三三两两的到达了。3、表示“……十”的数词的复
数形式可用来表示“几十岁”
或年代，例如：
1）He is in his early thirties．
2）He died still in his forties．
3）This took place in 1930s． 4、表示时刻用基数词。例如：
We get up at six.
The workers begin work at eight.
（1）表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：
ten past ten,
a quarter past nine,
half past twelve （2）表示“几点差几分”用介词to, 但分数须 在半小时以上。例如：
twenty to nine,
five to eight,
a quarter to ten
表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：
seven fifteen,
eleven thirty,
nine twenty注意下列习惯表达方式：
half an hour half a kilo
one hour and a half= one and a half hours
two and a half kilos = two kilos and a half
one or two days = one day or two
eighty meters long
one thousand miles away
five meters deep ( wide/ tall/ high/long) five meters in depth / width/ height/ length序数词的构成1）1－3分别为first,second,third 。
2）4－19都是在后面加上th,特殊的有
fifth, eighth, ninth,twelfth。
3）20－90把y变成ie然后加th,如twentieth。
4）21－99的序数词变后面的各位数。
序数词可以用缩写，如1st, 2nd, 3rd ,4th…序数词的用法
（1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如：
The first truck is carrying a food baskets． John lives on the fifteenth floor． （2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如：
We'll have to do it a second time．
Shall I ask him a third time？ When I sat down，a fourth
man rose to speak．（3）表示年，月，日时， 年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：
1949年十月一日读作:
October (the) first, nineteen
forty-nine
2004年九月十日读作：
September (the) tenth, two thousand and four（4）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：
1/4 one-fourth;
2/3 two-thirds;
1/2 a(one)half;
1/4 1(one)quarter;
3/4 three-quarters;
*76/92 seventy-six over ninety-two（5）序数词也可以用作副词，
When did you first see him?
Which horse came in first?（6）基数词也能表示顺序，如书刊的页的数目，住所、房间、教室、电话号码等等。
Page Eight, Room 304，Class Seven,
7）倍数表示法
主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you.
我有你三倍那么多。 （8） 序数词前面一般要加the,但是也有不加的情况，这个时候表示
“又一，再一”的意思。
They had a second child in 1988.
上面的a second 可以用another 代替。(9) 在…世纪：
in the twenty-first century
in the nineteenth century1. (2004年上海市徐汇区试题)
About ________ students in our class can describe that place in English.
A. three-fifths B. three-fifth
C. third-five D. third-fifths
答案：A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母应加-s，因此应选A。2. (2004年河北省试题)
Nine _______ pounds a week? That’s
very good.
A. hundred of B. hundreds of
C. hundreds D. hundred
答案：D。该题考查的是数词的用法。Nine hundred是一个具体的数量，这是数词不能用复数形式，后面也不能加of。所以应选D。 1. It is said that SARS has killed more than ________ people worldwide.
A. three hundreds B. three hundreds’
C. three hundred’s D. three hundred
2. ---How many workers are there in your factory?
---There are two __________.
A. hundreds B. hundred
C. hundred of D. hundreds of
3. ---Which is the smallest number of the four?
---_______________.
A. Two-thirds B. A half
C. A quarter D. Three-fourths 4. ---What do you think of a war, Li Ming?
---I’ve no idea. But it’s a fact that _______
people had to leave their hometown
during the War on Iraq.
A. three thousands B. thousand of
C. thousands of D. several thousands
5. We all think that the _______ century will
bring us more hopes.
A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first
C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one6. ---Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?
---Yes, it is __________.
A. 856620 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626
7. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _________.
A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949
C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922 8. I was 8 years old when my father was 31.
This year my father is twice my age. How
old am I?
A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24
9. _______ Chinese are looking for ways to
learn English well before Beijing 2008
Olympics.
A. Thousand B. Thousands
C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
10. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want
to buy a _______one.
A. three B. third C. forth D. /
