2010届高三英语学科二轮专题应考辅导

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2010届高三英语学科二轮专题应考辅导
一、听力考前讲话
1. 加强对英语听力技巧的掌握
（1）放松心情，预测要点。听前采取某些方法对听力材料的内容进行推测。
（2）听中捕捉信息。根据听前对听力材料所作出的预料，有意识地讲自己的注意力集中于有关信息
（3）)做好笔记，把握细节。把听力中重要的信息以及容易忘记的内容，如时间，地点，数字等关键词记下来。用简单的符号或者缩写记笔记。如TS代替teachers, Ss代替students,+代替and等等
（4）注意特殊句型，把握关键词：考生要注意转折、让步、否定和虚拟语气的特殊句型以及时态的转换，把握说话者的真正意图。表转折的常见词是“but”，一般来说听者尤其要注意but后的意思，这是整句的主要部分。其他表转折和让步意义的词还有：though, although, even though, even if, in spite of, despite, unless, instead of, however及whatever(=no matter what)之类引导让步状语从句的表达法。表示否定意义的关键词、词组有：no, not, never, seldom, hardly, doubt, neither, too...to, little, few等。考生还应掌握虚拟语气的各种句型及在具体语境下的使用。
2、加强“两读”，注意积累
“两读”指的是阅读和朗读。在阅读时，应有目的的选择难易适中的相关读物。同时尽量做到分类阅读，使题材和体裁多样化，避免单一的阅读。朗读，即出声的阅读。可以解决语音辨别能力低、语流连贯能力弱、不同口音辨析能力差等问题。另外，朗读还有利于语感的培养、词汇的积累和写作能力的提高。
3、把握特点，捕捉信息
英语听力测试在把握所听内容话题中心的同时，一定要注意对具体事实信息的把握。如话题所涉及的具体时间、地点、数字、人物等等。这些问题大多以When, where, who, what, why, how等疑问词开头。
4、听清主题句，把握中心思想
从历届高考听力测试的情况来看，考查材料的中心思想是测试听力能力的重要内容。短文或独立的主题句往往出现在文章的句首，偶尔也出现在句中或句末。主题句往往是一篇听力材料的中心思想，文章中的其他内容都用来说明和发展主题句。如果考生从问题和选项中已看出该题测试点为主旨要义、标题、中心思想及作者观点等方面的问题，那么听清主题句就尤为重要。
二、单选专练
（一）单项填空的命题特点
新课程改革的目的就是要全面培养学生英语的交际能力。反映在高考试卷中单项选择题主要考查学生在具体条件中分辨和灵活运用英语语言知识的能力；在特定语境下灵活运用语法和词汇知识能力；注重英语交际场景，灵活运用英语中某些固定搭配的能力。
从测试内容的重要性来看，以更加能力化的形式去测试语法和词汇内容。
从题干形式上看，单句测试题渐渐让位于篇章测试题，语言知识测试题渐渐让位于语言运用测试题。用对话来创设情景的题仍占一定的比重。
从语言点的分布上看，一直保持了“覆盖面广、重点突出”的特点。动词永远是该题型的主旋律、重头戏。
高考试卷的命题趋势：连词/介词，时态/语态，非谓语动词，动词/词组辨析，定语从句和交际用语是必考点；其他考点穿插进行。虚拟语气、词义辨析、简单句和反意疑问句是命题弱项，概率会很低。
高考侧重考查学生语言运用能力。单项选择题信息多，较灵活，语境表现得更自然，纯语法题基本没有；通过设计情景，将知识考查与语言意义及其功能的考查有机结合，达到了知识与能力综合考查的目的。因此，学生既要全面掌握基础知识，兼顾语法目的，又要能灵活运用所学的知识，分析问题，解决问题。
同时，学生也要树立信心，单项选择并不可怕，没有怪题、偏题和难题，都是基础性和运用性的，强调对基于知识的语言运用能力的考查。几乎每小题的答案选择都需要借助于一个完整的微型语境，情景设置合理，避免纯知识性的考查。只要平时扎实学习，认真备考，就一定会考好。
（二）NMET解题技巧及应试策略
1. 把握题干所给语义信息，抓住关键词、句，提高语义题的得分率。
题干中所提供的语义信息有时很明显，有时只能通过分析才能找到，考生务必仔细推敲。如：
(1) —Which of these two ties will you take —I'll take ______, to give me a change sometimes.
A. either B. neither C. all D. both
注意题中所给信息：“two”和”give me a change sometimes” 答案为D.
(2) —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night
— I ___, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t
was/were going to表示“本来打算做某事”。 根据所提供的情景“but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.”可判断出本来打算去参加聚会， 但想起来有作业要做， 故选C. have to 为‘“不得不”；wouldn’t为“不愿意”
2. 把握上下文的时间隐含
有时题干中没明确给出时间，而是隐含在上下文中，考生只有通过对题干所给信息的推断，才能选定正确的时态。如：
（1）You do not need to describe her. I ________ her several times.
You do not need to describe her. I ________ her several times while I was in Beijing.
A. have been B. had been C. saw D. was seeing
根据时态应用的规则，“several times”通常与现在完成时连用，所以上一题选择A。下一题中的“while I was in Beijing”是个关键的时间信息，句中的“several times”应从属于大的时间前提，所以答案为C。
(2) She_________ a new book last year, but I don’t know if she has finished it.
She_________ a new book last year, and it will be punished soon.
A. has been writing B. wrote C. was writing D. had written
这两道题的时间状语皆为“last year”，但后面信息则完全不同，上一题题意为“她去年一直在写书，但我不知道她写完没有”，强调过去一段时间内一直在做某事应采用过去进行时，所以答案为C；下一题中“it will be punished soon”表明书已经写完了，所以它表示的是“她去年写了一本书”，答案是B。
3. 排除思维定势的干扰
（1）He was busy writing a story, only _________ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped
句意为“他忙于写故事，只是偶尔停下来抽支烟”。only to do形成思维定势，易错选A，但它表出乎意料的结果，依句意显然不合理。stopping在此作伴随状语，表在写故事期间偶尔停下来抽支烟，故选B。
( 2 ) I suggested the problem worthy _________ attention to _________ at the class meeting.
A. being paid; discussing B. to be paid; discussing
C. to be paid; be discussed D. being paid; being discussed
4. 综合语法知识，注意句子结构
(1) a: ——Dad, can I go out to play basketball with my classmate
——I’m afraid you can’t ________ your homework is being done.
b: ——Dad, can I go out to play basketball with my classmate
——I’m afraid you can’t ________ your homework is done.
A. after B. until C. as D. when 答案为：C / B
(2) It was the village ________ the scientists found some ancient tombs, containing a lot of treasures.
It was in the village ________ the scientists found some ancient tombs, containing a lot of treasures.
A. where B. that C. the place D. the place where
通过对比分析，我们可以看出上一题中后面为定语从句，所以答案为A，而下一题则为强调句型，答案为B。类似的考题经常在试卷中见到，解答该类题目是一定要认真分析句子结构从而准确答题。
5. 似是而实不是，还原一举两得
疑问句还原成陈述句；复杂句还原成简单句。
(1) Who do you think you’d like _____ with you, a boy or a girl
A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have gone D. having to go
在确定答案之前，我们先来看看这个句子：I think I’d like to have a boy go with me.句中的 go 要用原形，这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中，假若对名词a boy 提问，便可得出：Who do you think you’d like to have go with you 对照上面一题，答案很显然是A。
6. 连、代不可小看，有无大不相同
(1) If weather _________,we will go to the Western Hill for a picnic.
Weather _________,we will go to the Western Hill for a picnic.
A. permitted B. permitting C. permits D. to permit
答案为：C / B 做好非谓语类的题目，除了要掌握它的各种基本形式与语法功能，能准确分析句子成分、结构、还应熟悉一些有效的解题技巧。
(2) All my homework _________, so I went out to play football with other boys.
All my homework _________, I went out to play football with other boys.
A. having finished B. had been finished C. finished D. finishing
答案为：B / C
(3) ________ himself to the experiment he was doing, he didn’t notice me when I went in.
________ to the experiment he was doing, he didn’t notice me when I went in.
答案为：B / A
类似的表达法还有： employ oneself in/be employed in apply oneself to/be applied to absorb oneself in/be absorbed in dedicate oneself to/be dedicated to
engage oneself in/be engaged in involve oneself in/be involved in
7.重视标点作用，细析结构解题
(1) Which material can be throw into the sea __________ its nature
Which material can be throw into the sea __________ its nature.
A. depends on B. depending on C. to depend on D. depend on
根据上一题后的问号我们可以得知该句的主语为Which material，谓语部分can be throw into the sea，所以填空部分应该在句中充当状语，因此答案为B，意思是“根据性质，哪种材料可以被扔到海里呢”；而下一题中的句号表明该句的主语为从句Which material can be throw into the sea，填空部分为句子的谓语，所以答案为A，意思是“哪种材料可以被扔到海里取决于它的性质”。
(2) ________ you believe him when he says he loves you! He says the same to many girls.
A. Do B. Didn’t C. Did D. Don’t 答案为：D
8. 注意英汉表达习惯差异，排除母语干扰
英汉两种语言在表达上存在很大的差异，考生很可能会用汉语的思维方式去认识和解决英语中的问题，掉入命题人设置的陷阱。
(1) —Were all the toys for the children carried to their new kindergarten
—No, only some of them. （2006北京西城区5月第28题）
A. it was B. they were C. there were D. there was
考生很可能误选C。因为，考生想表达“不，只有一些被运往新幼儿园”，很可能用“There be…”结构表达自己的思想。但是，本句实际采用了强调结构，强调“only some of them”，后面省略了“that were carried to their new kindergarten”。因此，正确答案为A。
(2) My uncle used to smoke ________, but he was given it up since he was operated on last year.
A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly 干扰项为A，正确答案为B。
实战练习1：
1. No doctor would like to see a change for _____ worse in a patient; they hope he or she can improve in _______ health soon.
A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /; /
2. There is ________ as a free dinner in this world. As the saying goes, “No pains, no gains.”
A. no such a good thing B. such no good thing
C. no such good thing D. not so a good thing
3. It’s quite _________ of beginners to forget to use an article before a noun.
A. ordinary B. usual C. regular D. typical
4. ---You should have discouraged him from giving up registering for this year’s university entrance examination.
--- __________, but he didn’t listen.
A. So did I B. I did C. So should I D. I had done
5. ---How is your mother
---She, ___________ to the hospital without delay, is out of danger.
A. rushed B. rushing C. having rushed D. to rush
6. ---It is said that Johnson is the first young teacher _________ to professor in your university this year.
---Exactly. ________ of his own competence is an important factor in his success.
A. promoted; convincing B. to have been promoted; convincing
C. promoted; being convinced D. to have been promoted; being convinced
7. _________ is expected, according to the online survey, is that prices of houses won’t go up any more.
A. As B. It C. What D. Which
8. How can you expect to learn anything _________ you never listen in class
A. when B. as C. unless D. because
9. The girl is seriously ill, otherwise she _______ working instead of staying in bed all day long.
A. is still B. will still be C. would still be D. has still been
10. Failure left me at the edge of desperation, but, ______. I managed to go out of the shadow through years of efforts.
A. He laughs best who laughs last B. Failure is the mother of success
C. There is no royal road to learning D. Time heals all wounds
11. ---So you missed the meeting.
--- __________. I got there ten minutes before it finished.
A. Not exactly B. Not really C. So what D. How come
12. He just stared at me and there was an expression in his eyes I couldn’t ______.
A. say B. sense C. read D. notice
13. We are going away in June but __________ that I’ll be here all summer.
A. rather than B. other than C. in view of D. except for
14. It was not just the size of the party last night _______ made it unique, but _______ it meant to our company.
A. that; that B. what; that C. what; what D. that; what
15. The questions in the second half of the form ______ only ______ married men.
A. cater; to B. apply; to C. adapt; to D. turn; to
单项选择（2）
1. ---If you still have _________ you are not clear about after my explanation, don’t hesitate to ask. --- _______, thank you.
A. something; Nothing B. anything; Nothing
C. something; None D. anything; None
2. My honey, why are you crying Oh, come, come. Dry your eyes. That’s ________.
A. good B. bad C. better D. worse
3. He heard a big noise and had to ______ his car to the roadside to have a look.
A. pull up B. pull out C. pull in D. pulled over
4. ---My God! What a narrow escape!
---Luckily he missed it. He _________ have been hit by the crazy car.
A. should B. would C. must D. shall
5. ---How soon will the lecture begin --- ______.
A. Very quickly B. Once in a while C. Not until 7:30 D. Two hours.
6. I can guess you were in a hurry, for you _______ your sweater inside out.
A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing
7. We found all the students _____ at the table and their eyes _____ on the TV screen.
A. sitting; fixing B. seated; fixed C. seat; fixed D. seating; fixing
8. ---Would you please listen to me explain --- ________ I’ve had enough of it.
A. Not more lies! B. No more secrets!
C. No more excuses! D. Not more explanations!
9. ---Your neighbor’s house was broken into last night. Where ____
---I met an old friend of mine and came back very late, say, this morning.
A. were you B. have you been C. did you go D. had you been
10. As a young engineer, he ______ stay up late into the night working on his design during his stay in that company.
A. would B. should C. must D. could
11. Survey shows that designer clothes _________ much in the smaller towns.
A. aren’t really sold B. wasn’t really sold C. don’t really sell D. won’t really sell
12. After that we never saw her again, nor _____ from her.
A. did we hear B. we heard C. had we heard D. we have heard
13. Excuse me, but would you please show me that ________ toy bear Thank you.
A. red beautiful glass B. beautiful red glass
C. beautiful glass red D. red glass beautiful
14. --- Any chance of you helping water the garden
--- ________. You can see how busy I am now.
A. Sounds bad B. Never mind me C. That all depends D. Forget it
15. Just now I got an e-mail from my girl friend, _________ indicated that she was going to teach in Tibet.
A. who B. what C. which D. it
答案：1—5 ACDBA 6—10 DCACD 11—15 ACBDB
解析：
1. A。冠词的考查一直都是学生最难掌握的语法项目。它涉及的内容非常广：名词形式，不定冠词和定冠词的用法。掌握冠词其实就是掌握三个方面的考查：一般用法；特殊使用情况和习惯用法。a change for the worse/ better 就是一个习惯表达，“向更糟/更好的方面变化”。英语中这种搭配也比较多；in health在身体方面。health是不可数名词，一般不加冠词。但我们也要注意有很多抽象或物质名词在被形容词修饰时一般加不定冠词 “a”, 如：a special paper; a rising sun等。
2. C。该题考查了三个语法内容：第一不使用冠词的情形；第二词序；第三no的用法。在高考中一个语法要点在考查时兼顾考查其他要点，是很常见的。当such 与some，other, these/those, no等代词使用时，such 置于这些代词之后。No 修饰名词时，相当于not a 或者not any.
3. D。形容词的考查出现在单项选择中，常考的是common, regular, normal等近义词的辨析。typical语义指某一个体类型的见的最多的最基本特征。（most usual characteristic of a type） 形容词考查考生既要注意近义词之间细微的区别，同时也要注意与介词的搭配等。It’s typical of something/somebody to do…做某事是某人（某物）最典型的特征。
4. B。倒装结构的so +助动词+主语与承认某一事实的结构(so) sb+ 助动词的辨析。老师应帮助学生注意简要回答所表示的内涵。I did =I did discourage him…
5. A。该题考查非谓语动词用作非限定性定语的用法。该题的特殊性是rush既可以用作及物动词，也可以用作及物动词。很多学生对词性的认识比较单一，只认第一次接受此概念时的情形。我们在辅导学生时一定要重视这个问题。Rush somebody to +地点是急忙把某人送去某处。somebody 是句子主语，那后面的定语就应该是 “,(who had been)rushed to the hospital, …” 该题可以用排除法去做： B, C, D都是主动式，C是完成式，根本就不用做定语。
6. D。当中心词被序数词修饰时，作定语的非谓语动词我们选择动词不定式；动词convince意思是“使某人信服”，选择用convincing 还是convinced主要看其逻辑主语。be convinced of逻辑主语应该是成功的那个人, 所以用convinced。这里是动名词形式做主语。
7. C。有很多学生积累了很多自己归纳出来的经验，他们认为后面有逗号了，那就应该是非限制行定语从句。殊不知逗号后面的内容是插入语，插入语后面是is that…，整个句子就缺少了主语而不是非限制性定语。what在这里引导主语从句。
8. A。when有四个常考考点：①当……时候；②……，就在这个时候……；③如果；④既然，在这样的情况下。在这里考的是第四种用法。再如：
How silly we are to sit around indoors _____ outside it is so lovely!
A. while B. if C. once D. when 答案：D
9. C。虚拟语气在无if条件句的情形中的考查。注意关键词otherwise（否则）。除此之外还有without, but for等等。有时虚拟语气可以通过对话体现出来。
10. D。全卷单项选择中最难的一题。之所以难是因为我们对西方文化并不能完全了解。但是这是新课程的要求：培养跨文化意识。做这类题目，首先要领会全句的意思（如果是对话就要理解对话大意以及应答人的态度。这种题型学生最容易望文生义。Time will heal all wounds.时间会治愈一切伤痛。这里的伤痛就是失败留下的阴影。学生可能会选B，但是就不能与前面的at the edge of desperation和后面的go out of the shadow of failure同意起来。
11.A。因为高考考过not really，学生就会有这种思维定势，认为还是选它。Not really是一个客气表示否定的表达，是not…very much的意思。而在该语境中，not exactly不完全是，在交际中一般用来纠正对方的说法。即：不完全是错过了，还是看了一点点的。
12.C。四个备选项都是热点动词。read在这里是“理解”的意思，相当于understand。
13. B。 这是短语介词辨析。结合语境 other than意思是“除了”，句子的意思是：我们6月离开一阵子，夏天的其他时间都是在这里。
14. D。考查强调句兼连词。not… but…不是……而是…… 连接的连接两个主语；that与句首的it was 构成强调句型。句子的意思是：不是盛会的规模而是它对我们公司的重大意义使得它非常独特。
15.B。动词词组考查。cater to 迎合（需要，口味）；adapt to适应，适合；apply to 适用于。句子的意思是：表格第二部分只由已婚男人回答。
选择（2）解析：
1. A。学生都知道在if引导的状语从句中使用any 或者anything，但是语境中的意思是真心诚意想得到肯定回答。none指某一方面的事物没有。因为平时强化none比较多，可能学生会选D。nothing是省略，相当于There is nothing not clear.没有什么不清楚的。并无具体范畴。
2. C。考查比较级的习惯用法。That’s better. 一般用来安慰孩子。句子意思：把眼泪擦干，对，这才乖。
3. D。pull 是热点动词。pull up指在红绿灯前慢慢停下；pull out 拔出来；pull off/over减速靠边停下来。
4. B。通过上下文语境考查虚拟语气。答案在should和would中选择。即使在有if引导的虚拟语气从句的情况下，should 也可以使用的。但是表达的内涵则不一样。would表示“会…” ，should 则表示“按理应该如此”。句子意思是：“好在躲开了，要不就会被那疯狂的车撞上了”。
5. C。考查省略，兼顾考查连词用法。解题方法一般使用补全法：The lecture won’t begin until 7:30. very quickly指表示动作本身快，并不表示某动作隔多久发生。
6. D。从你现在（are wearing the inside out），可以看到你当时是急急忙忙的。其他选项都不符合语境。注意并列连词for表示原因，是推断性原因。
7. B。老题型了。考查过去分词用作宾语补足语的情况。过去分词用作宾语补足语一直是学生最薄弱的地方。主要要弄清过去分词与宾语之间是否存在被动或系表关系。检验的方法就是在宾语与宾语之间插入助动词be看是否能构成完成语义的句子。如该题中：the students were seated at the table; their eyes were fixed on the TV.都是有完整语义的句子。
8.C．考查成语。No more excuses. 不要再找借口了。学生可能会D选项，因为上文有explain。 注意not more explanations 中not more错了。
9.A。考查时态。学生可能会选A。语境显示的是问你在那个事件发生时，当时所处的位置，而不是那里发生某个动作，你在同时做了别的什么动作。问话的人显然有怀疑的语气。A是一种中文思维。应考虑跨文化因素。
10.A。考查would用作used to. 表示过去常常…
11. C。英语中有部分及物动词有不及物动词的用法，来表示被动。sell 就是其中之一。该类词的特点是，要么用在否定句中，要么与well, easily 等副词连用。句子的意思是：调查显示设计大师设计的衣服在小城镇销路并不会好。
12.A。考查倒装中时态的使用。注意时态是after that.时态用过去时。
13. B。形容词的语序，很多老师都编了朗朗上口的口诀让学生记忆。有一个比较好的是opshacom。op=opinion,就是主观的评价。比如beautiful, pretty, wonderful, excellent等；sh=shape, 指形状大小等；a=age, 大小、新旧；c=colour；o=origin 表示出处，来源，如Japanese, French等；m=material材料，质地。
14. D。Forget it.是日常生活中最常用的交际用语。常用的有三中不同的意思，用在不同的交际环境。1. 没关系，不必在意；2. 提都不要提，别指望了；3. 别提它了（不想重复）
15.C。考查定语从句，关系代词的用法。思维定势会让学生选择who,其实应该是“信中显示（ the email indicated）”。注意定语从句中的分隔现象。看清从句修饰的成分。
三、完形填空的命题特点与趋势
完形填空（close test），按照其读音通常翻译成“克（服）漏子”。其命题原则是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知，完形填空测试的就是考生结合上下文语境（contest）对英语的整体感知能力。一篇完形填空测试考生的什么能力，这与短文的空格设计密切相关。如果空格要就学生填入连词、介词、冠词等连接性功能的词，则空格为功能性空格；如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，这空格为语意空格；从近几年的高考试题看，完形填空以语意空格为主，只要测试考生的阅读能力和总体水平。即考查文意兼顾语法用法与搭配，其大体的比例为7：3.但最近上海市也有命题专家将完形填空分为四种类型：词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项，并据此确定各项的构成比例而命题。上述试题的难度依次递增，近年重点考后两项。
就完形填空的命题趋势而言，大体有以下特点：㈠从这几年试题看，仍然以记叙文为主。特别是考察考生对文章整体理解的深度和创造性思维以及全盘性运用能力。㈡高考完形填空依然会遵循“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”的命题原则。 ㈢注重情景意义选择为主，适当兼顾语法考点。即要求考生能根据文章的真题内容、层次结构和内容的逻辑关系来打到“完形”和“意义”的统一。
1． 完形填空对能力方面的考察要求
高考英语完形填空是一种立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题。它全面的测试了学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力，主要包括八个方面的能力：㈠快熟阅读能力；㈡逻辑思维能力；㈢对具体语境的把握能力；㈣信息快速查找能力；㈤语法结构分析能力；语言知识辨析能力；㈦文化背景透析能力；㈧生活常识综合运用等相关能力。因此，该种题型具有一定的难度，考生若要在完形填空上拿高分，甚至满分，除了平时要多练，要有扎实的英语语言功底，还必须掌握高考英语完形填空的命题特征以及完形填空应试对策略。
2． 完形填空解题方法与技巧导航
为了使高三学生能尽快提高完形填空能力，作者根据完形填空命题规律和自身二十年教学实践，专门研究出行之有效的“十六字法”（上下通气、左顾右盼、前后照应、首尾相接）——前暗示、后暗示、直接暗示、间接暗示、逻辑暗示、正向推断、逆向推断、正向逆向推断、语境词语推断、常识推断、综合推断等。即：根据语言点、根据线索、根据情节发展、根据内在逻辑、根据文化背景以及排中律确定答案等。希望对我校学生有所裨益。
解题步骤：
1.重视首句，把握开篇
完形填空一般无标题，首句不设空，是完整的一句。细读此句可以判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。读懂首句可以帮助建立正确的思维导向，避免误入歧途，对理解全文其重要的作用。以2001年完形填空的前两空为例：He has been called the “missing link”. Half-man, half-beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mount in the world---Mount Everest.从这开篇的两句不难看出，全文讲述的可能是生活在大上例的一种特殊动物（half-man, half-beast）,它可能是失踪了的（原始人与现代人）的一种联系。这一重要信息使我们联想到：这一失踪了的“联系物”可能又被发现。同样，有些文章的尾句，往往也是对全文的小结和概括，即使溜空格，也可为我们把握大意提供帮助。
2.快熟阅读全文，粗略理解大意。
不要忙于动手做题目，应先通读全文，以使对文章内容有个整体理解。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格，生词和不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去，不要急于看选项。一边读不懂可以在迅速读一遍，直到明了大意（who, when, where, what, how）掌握梗概，总体把握文章内容，结构，时态变化，情节的展开，结果的形成，然后答题。
3.前后照应，灵活答题
对全文的通读，使得我们对文章有了一定的了解。在这一基础上，我们要紧扣主题，纵观上下文，从两个大的方面前面考虑，选择答案。一是语言知识方面，二是非语言知识方面。语言知识主要指的是：语法、习惯用法、词的搭配、短语的意义、近义词的辨析等。非语言知识指的是：文章的前后逻辑联系、人物的一般心理、生活常识以及事件发生的一般规律等。这些内容常常是锁定答案的重要因素，切不可置之不理。
4.复读全文，验证答案
最后再读全文，从三个方面检查答案的正确性。
㈠检查上下文的一致性：即时态、语态的一致，代词、名词、单复数的一致。
㈡检查表打发的习惯性：即习惯用语、固定搭配、句型词组是否符合习惯。
㈢检查上下文的连贯性：即凭借语感，按照上下文，检查段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。
方法提炼：
夹叙夹议型题，解题需要“瞻前顾后”，通过上下文暗示考查考生对语意、语境、语篇的深层次理解，并在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上，正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系。
实战练习：（原创）
A
Life is about choices
Michael is the kind of guy you love to hate. He is always in a good mood and always has something positive to say. When someone would ask him __1__he was doing, he would reply, "If I were any better, I'd be twins!" He was a natural motivator.
If an employee was having a __2__day, Michael was there telling the employee how to look on the __3__side of the situation.
Soon thereafter, I left the big enterprise that I had worked in for years to start my own business. We __4__touch, but I often though about him when I made a choice about life __5__reacting to it. Several years later, I heard Michael was __6__in a serious accident, falling off 60 feet from a communications tower.
After l8 hours of__7__, and weeks of intensive care, Michael was __8__from the hospital with rods(棍棒) __9__in his back. I saw Michael about six months after the accident. When I asked him how he was, he replied, "If I were any better, I'd be twins. Do you want to see my__10__ " I declined to see his wounds, __11__did ask him what had __12__his mind as the accident took place.
"The first thing that passed through my mind was the well being of my soon-to-born daughter," Michael replied. "Then, as I lay on the ground, remembered I had two choices: I could choose to live or I could choose to__13__. I chose to live." Michael continued, "... the paramedics were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they wheeled me into the operation room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors and nurses, I got really__14__. In their eyes, l read 'He's a dead man.' I knew I needed to take action." "A nurse asked me if I was allergic to__15__. 'Yes,' I said. The doctors and nurses stopped working __16__they waited for my reply. I __17__a deep breath and yelled", 'Gravity'" Over their laughter, I told them, 'I'm choosing to live. Operate __18__me as if I am alive, not dead'."
Michael lived, thanks to the skill of his doctors, __19__because of his amazing__20__.
I learned from him that every day we have a choice to live fully. Attitude is everything. （395）
1. A. what B. how C. why D. when
2. A. bad B. good C. fine D. worse
3. A. negative B. convenient C. serious D. positive
4. A. kept B. lost C. got D. become
5. A. other than B. more than C. together with D. instead of
6. A. involved B. trapped C. stuck D. encountered
7. A. check B. examination C. surgery D. treatment
8. A. saved B. released C. rescued D. left
9. A. tied B. settled C. installed D. placed
10. A. scars B. injury C. cut D. operation
11. A. and B. but C. however D. therefore
12. A. pulled through B. got through C. gone through D. put through
13. A. die B. suffer C. decline D. operate
14. A. surprised B. scared C. shocked D. amused
15. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
16. A. while B. when C. since D. as
17. A. held B. took C. sighed D. caught
18. A. on B. in C. off D. with
19. A. even if B. besides C. but also D. in addition
20. A. choice B. attitude C. experience D. laughter
B
Each spring brings a new blossom of wildflowers in the ditches(沟渠) along the highway I travel daily to work.
There is one particular blue flower that has always __1__my eye. I've noticed that it __2__only in the morning hours, the afternoon sun is too warm for it. Every day for approximately two weeks, I see those beautiful flowers.
This__3__, I started a wildflower garden in our yard. I can look out of the __4__window while doing the dishes and see the flowers. I've often thought that those lovely blue flowers from the __5__would look great in that bed alongside __6__wildflowers. Everyday I drove __7__the flowers thinking, "I'll stop on my way home and __8__them." "Gee, I don't want to get my good clothes dirty..." __9__the reason, I never stopped to dig them. My husband even gave me a folding shovel one year for my trunk to be used __10__that specific purpose.
One day on my way home from work, I was saddened to see that the highway department had mowed the ditches and the pretty blue flowers were gone. I thought to myself, "Way to go, you waited too long. You __11__have done it when you first saw them blooming this spring."
A week ago we were __12__and saddened to learn that my oldest __13__has a terminal brain tumor. She is 20 years __14__than my husband and unfortunately, because of __15__and distance, we haven't been as __16__as we all would have liked. I couldn't help __17__see the connection between the pretty blue flowers and the __18__between my husband's sister and us. I do believe that God has given us some time __19__to plant some wonderful memories that will bloom every year for us.
And yes, if I see the blue flowers again, you can bet I'll stop and __20__them to my wildflower garden. （323）
1. A. cast B. fixed C. drew D. caught
2. A. develops B. produces C. blooms D. grows
3. A. spring B. fall C. winter D. season
4. A. bedroom B. living-room C. kitchen D. dining-room
5. A. ditch B. garden C. yard D. highway
6. A. more B. other C. others D. else
7. A. across B. through C. past D. passed
8. A. plant B. dig C. handle D. water
9. A. However B. Whichever C. Whatever D. No matter
10. A. for B. with C. against D. as
11. A. should B. would C. could D. must
12. A. terrified B. frightened C. shocked D. unexpected
13. A. sister-in-law B. brother-in-law C. father-in-law D. mother-in-law
14. A. older B. younger C. junior D. senior
15. A. character B. age C. temper D. property
16. A. close B. familiar C. frequent D. solid
17. A. before B. until C. but D. and
18. A. distance B. difference C. partnership D. relationship
19. A. spared B. left C. remained D. stayed
20. A. transplant B. transform C. transfer D. transport
Keys1: 1-5 BADBD 6-10 ACBDA 11-15 BCABA 16-20 DBACB
Keys2: 1-5DCACA 6-10 BCBCA 11-15 ACAAB 16-20 ACDBA
四、高考阅读理解的解题技巧
《考试大纲》 “要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图和态度。” 高考英语阅读理解也围绕这一要求来命题，基本上可分为五类：1．细节理解题； 2．词义猜测题；3．主旨大意题；4．推理判断题；5．篇章结构题。
第一节 细节理解题解题技巧
细节理解题在高考阅读理解题中占有相当大的比例。从2008年全国各地的高考试卷来看，细节理解题占全部阅读理解题的50%还多。细节理解题一般是根据短文提供的信息和事实提问的。一般可分为两种类型： 一种是答案几乎可以直接从短文中获得，正确答案和原文中含相关信息的句子也几乎相同；另一种细节题要复杂一些，有时在原文中找不到同正确选项相近的词，正确答案可能是原文某一事实的前提、原因、结果等。
细节理解题的特点是：要选择的答案一定要在短文中找到相关的词、短语、句子或段落。选举的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息，而决不是根据自己的主观假设或推测而得来的。在阅读过程中对一些设计who, what, when, where, how, why 等常考的细节内容做适当标记，以便于解题时迅速、准确地查找。
常见的命题方式：
According to the author, who/ what/ when/ where/ which/ why/ how
Which of the following statements is true/not true
The statement made by the author is based on the evidence/ example/ fact that ________.
Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text
The author states all of the following EXCEPT_____________.
做这类题的一般方法是通过skimming(浏览)把握文章中心后，再通过寻读法（scanning）快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。
命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
（1）转换提问法
出题者使用同义词语、参照词、代词等，要求考生对已有信息进行必要的转换，以得出正确理解。例如：
Students pushed their way outside. Long and loud fire sirens(警报) could be heard nearby, and Mrs. Pott’s embarrassment(难堪)was utmost(极度的)when she spotted(发现) a television crew from a local news station. They squatted (蹲下)on the lawn(草地)and filmed the mass departure(离开) from the school. …
Question: What made Mrs. Pott feel most uncomfortable
A. The head administrator gave the trouble maker his due punishment.
B. The event would probably be broadcasted by the local news station.
C. Other students didn’t do anything to stop Darin from causing trouble.
D. Her sewing class was completely spoiled by Darin.
本文中的embarrassment was utmost近义理解为题干中的feel most uncomfortable，文中的a television crew和filmed the mass departure当然可以理解为B项中probably be broadcasted by the local news station。因此答案为B。
（2）真伪判断法
出题者提出片面的、不确切的，或完全错误的说法让考生去判断。这就要求考生找到与每个选项说法相应的文章部分，了解正确肯定的事实，来排除不符合文章所交待的内容的选项。例如：
An advertisement is just like a Somebody Else Says quotation（引用）in a news story. The newspaper does not say that what the advertiser says is true. All the newspaper says is, “This is what the advertiser says.” To find out whether it is true or not will be left to the readers. All the statements in the ads are the advertiser’s statements, not the papers.
Question: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. The buyer should not share opinions with advertisers.
B. The editor has to answer for the truth of ads in the paper.
C. The buyer himself should find out whether an ad is true or not.
D. The advertiser should not express his own opinions in an ad.
本题中的A、B、D三个选项均是对本文的错误理解，而文中的To find out whether it is true or not will be left to the readers则可正确理解为C项.
（3）计算提问法
当涉及时间、距离、价格、数量等数据等时，你必须经过一些测算才能确定答案。例如：
The first recorded sighting of a transit（运行星）was made, in northwest England, by Jeremiah Herrocks, who had worked out a repeat on 4 December, 1639. The intervals（时间上的间隔）between transits follow an unusual pattern: 8 years, then 121.5, then 8, then 105.5 years, and will do so until 2984.
Question: When can we see the transit of Venus（金星）next time according to the text
A. In 2012 B. In 2033 C. In 2025 D. In 2055
这是一道较为复杂的计算题。从文章可知整个周期需要：8+105.5+8+121.5=243（年），那么下一次应该是在1639年+ 第二个周期中的 8+121.5=2011.5。 所以答案是A
第二节 词义猜测题解题技巧
该题型主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力， 突出考察考生对语境的分析和把握能力。近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对词义猜测能力的考查，试题中有一到两个小题是直接考查词义的。从何考查内容看主要有猜测某个生词、熟词、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代等。
这种题常见的提问方式有：
Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word…
The word…could best be replaced by _____________.
In the paragraph…the word…means ( refers to) _______________.
According to the passage…probably means_____________.
The author uses the word…to mean______________.
The word …is most likely to mean___________.
（1）同义法：通常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。例如：
To fill the salmon (鲑肉)supply, people have turned to fish farming, or aquaculture.
Question: What does the underlined word “aquaculture” mean according to the passage
A. It means the fastest growing food industry. B. It means fish farming.
C. It means a kind of culture with water. D. It means raising salmon on farms.
答案为B。
（2）反义法：利用反义词说明生词的意义。如反义词hot and cold. Give and receive, perfect and imperfect, 甚至前、后句为肯定与否定、或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。例如：
Some plants have relatively ability not to be affected by a great many diseases, while others have susceptibility to them.
Question: The underlined words “have susceptibility to” means _______.
A. are not likely to be influenced by B. are not very easily controlled by
C. are seldom attacked by D. are very likely to be harmed by
本句中的while引导的是个表示转折分句，意思是“然而”，因此前后句的意思应该是相反的，A、B、C三种说法都与前面的分句一致，只有D表示相反的意思，是正确的。
（3）释义法：在文中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。例如：
A globalized workforce, with better transport links and remote access to office resources means that traveling long distances to work has become commonplace and more popular. Job commuting has become a reality for millions so people can choose where they live.
Question: What does the underlined phrase “Job commuting” mean
A. Job hunting in large cities B. House hunting in large cities
C. Traveling long distance to work every day D. A program designed for job hunting
本文的第一个句子就是对后文划线词组的解释，概括为C项的Traveling long distance to work every day。
（4）情景推断法：猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情景，词义可以从上下文的具体语言环境中推断出来。例如：
So many of us hold on to the little resentment（怨愤）that may have come from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful events. Stubbornly(倔强地), we wait believing this is the only way we can forgive or regain a friendship or family relationship for someone else to reach out to us, believing this is the only way we can forgive or regain a friendship or family relationship.
Question: The underlined part means ________.
A. stretch out one’s hand B. give help
C. offer an apology D. explain something
本题是典型的利用情景推断法来确定词组的含义，从上下文的意思，尤其是下文的forgive，可以推知词组的正确含义是“作出道歉”。
（5）代词替代法：一般来讲，代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。例如：
Most great inventors in the capitalist（资本主义的） society meet with much opposition(对立)to their inventions from the people who place their interests before those of the people.
Question: The underlined word “those” refers to ________.
A. inventors B. inventions C. interests D. monopolies
了解句子的含义：把他们自己的利益放在人民的利益之前。可见用interests代替those句子意义成立，因此C项正确。
（6）构词法
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如：
Waves from earthquake-generated tsunamis can travel at speeds exceeding those of a jet airplane, making an early warning system all the more important, delegates said.
Question: The underlined word “exceeding” means ________.
A. equaling B. reaching C. greater than D. lower than
根据构词法我们知道ex-前缀有“向外；脱离”之意，引申为“超出范围”，所以可以推测为greater than。
第三节 主旨大意题解题技巧
主旨大意题在阅读理解是题中所占的比例及其难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心。作者在文章中通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题，因此，把握文章的主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要抓住表达中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下，阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为他们往往是文章或段落的中心。
常见的命题方式：
What’s the main idea of the passage
What does the passage mainly discuss/concern
The topic of Paragraph … is______________.
The main theme /point of this passage is ______________.
Which of the following is the best title for this passage
The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is _________________.
The purpose of the writer writing this passage is _______________.
Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole
有时，文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作来体现：
1. 主题句位于文首。 文章开门见山地提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。 2. 主题句位于文末。 主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。 这种段落属归纳型段落。这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。3. 主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的句子往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。 4. 主题句位于文中。主题句出现在文章的中间通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申导出， 而后又作进一步解释、说明。 5. 主题句隐含在文中。全文没有明确的主题句，其中心思想蕴含在各个句子中，在这种情况下，考生要把所有已知的细节综合起来进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。
第四节 推理判断题解题技巧
推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理， 从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义的题。推理判断题在阅读理解题中属于难度较高的题型，通常占总体数的15%-30%。 它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。这种考题中常出现的词或短语有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may 等。常见的提问形式有：
From paragraph one, we can infer that ______________.
What can be inferred from the passage
We can infer from the text that_____________.
What can we learn from the story
We can conclude from the passage that _______________.
The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that ______________.
The author implies that ______________________.
The author’s attitude toward…is_____________.
正确的答题方法：对于隐含在字里行间或者流露于文章修饰词语中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、态度等. 要依据文章的主题思想进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。命题者在出推理类题时往往编造一些文中已言明的事实、超出文章范围的推理、过度发挥的引申等. 因此，特别注意：文中已明确说明的内容不需要推理，推理以原文中心为依据，引申要适度。对于涉及作者观点和态度一类题时，不要把自己的态度掺入其中，还要注意区分作者的观点态度和作者引用别人的观点态度，当作者没有明确表示态度时，要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断。
第五节 篇章结构题解题技巧
英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头,主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段与段之间常用词语连接，逻辑严密。为突出主题作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。高考对这类题型的考查主要体现在以下方面：
对文章组织结构的理解。最常见的提问方式是：
How is the passage organized
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
The paragraph preceding（先于...） this one most probably discusses ___________
What does the paragraph following the passage most likely discuss
【典例】
Scientists have worked hard to figure out average air temperature in order to see how much these have changed. One of our best estimates is that the Earth has warmed up about 1F°in the past hundred years. That may not sound like much, but for the planet even small changes in temperature have big effects.
Question: If there were a paragraph following this passage, what would it most probably talk about
A. The influence that the small changes in temperature will have on the Earth.
B. The increasing temperature that more and more carbon dioxide is causing.
C. The greenhouse effect caused by serious pollution.
D. The construction of the big laboratory in the Pacific Ocean.
从本段文字的最后一句可知后文很有可能对这一论点作进一步的论证和说明，而B、C、D都与该段文字内容相距甚远，所以A正确。
解题方法：
1. 先看题干，带着问题读文章
即先看试题，再读文章。首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是考生对文章的感情基调、作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等， 考生在对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章理解的基础上进行深一层的推理。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息进行分析、对比、甄别、整合，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了阅读的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材文章的理解。
2． 速读全文， 了解大意知主题
阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速、高效地掌握有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，没有一定阅读速度就不能有效的获取信息，更谈不上运用。近几年高考对阅读速度的要求是每分钟40词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句。抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，主题句一般在文章的最后一句；用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、概括、归纳的作用，而主旨大意题、归纳概括题、中心思想题往往可直接从主题句中找到答案。
实战演练 （原创）
A
BEIJING, April 22 -- Astronomers found on Tuesday two planets that look very familiar to the Earth. One is close to the right size. The other is in the right place.
European researchers said they not only found the smallest exoplanet ever, called Gliese 581 e, but realized that a neighboring planet discovered earlier, Gliese 581 d, was in the prime(最适宜的) habitable zone for potential life.
"The Holy Grail of current exoplanet research is the detection of a rocky, Earth-like planet in the 'habitable zone,'" said Michel Mayor, an astrophysicist at Geneva University in Switzerland.
Gliese 581 e is only 1.9 times the size of Earth -- while previous planets found outside our solar system are closer to the size of massive Jupiter（木星）, which NASA says could swallow more than 1,000 Earths.
Gliese 581 e sits close to the nearest star, making it too hot to support life. Still, Mayor said its discovery in a solar system 20.5 light years away from Earth is a "good example that we are progressing in the detection of Earth-like planets."
Scientists also discovered that the orbit of planet Gliese 581 d, which was found in 2007, was located within the "habitable zone" — a region around a sun-like star that would allow water to be liquid on the planet's surface, Mayor said.
Gliese 581 d is probably too large to be made only of rocky material, fellow astronomer and team member Stephane Udry said, adding it was possible the planet had a "large and deep" ocean. "It is the first serious 'water-world' candidate," Udry said.
While Gliese 581 e is too hot for life "it shows that nature makes such small planets, probably in large numbers," Marcy commented. "Surely the galaxy contains tens of billions of planets like the small, Earth-mass one announced here."
Nearly 350 planets have been found outside our solar system, but so far nearly every one of them was found to be extremely unlikely to harbor life.
Most were too close or too far from their sun, making them too hot or too cold for life. Others were too big and likely to be uninhabitable gas giants like Jupiter. Those that are too small are highly difficult to detect in the first place.
Both Gliese 581 d and Gliese 581 e are located in constellation（星座）Libra and orbit around Gliese 581.
Like other planets circling that star -- scientists have discovered four so far -- Gliese 581 e was found using the European Southern Observatory's telescope in La Silla, Chile.
The telescope has a special instrument which splits light to find wobbles in different wavelengths. Those wobbles（摆动） can reveal the existence of other worlds.
1. The underlined word “exoplanet” means ______________.
A. a planet outside our solar system B. a planet in our solar system
C. a planet larger than our earth D. a planet closet to our Earth
2. From the passage, we can conclude ______________.
A. A habitable zone is a region which would allow water to exist in the state of liquid.
B. Gliese 581 e is much larger than Gliese 581 d in size planets.
C. The discovery of Gliese 581 e is a significant step in the search for Earth-like.
D. Every one of the exoplanets ever discovered was unlikely to contain life.
3. Which of the following is true about Gliese 581 d
A. The planet is too hot to support life. B. The planet is only made of rocky material.
C. There probably exists water in the planet.
D. It is a planet in a solar system 20.5 light years away from Earth.
4. What’s the best title of this passage
A. Scientists find most Earth-like planet ever
B. The difference between exoplanets Gliese 581 e and Gliese 581 d.
C. Exoplanets Gliese 581 e and Gliese 581 d. D. The smallest exoplanet in the universe
B
China's economic stimulus package plan is already paying off, and positive changes have taken place in the economy, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said Saturday.
"The situation is better than expected," Wen said at the opening ceremony of the Boao Forum for Asia annual conference 2009.
The "swift" and "decisive" measures taken by China to deal with the crisis has proved essential for easing major problems in the economy, shoring up confidence and stabilizing expectations, said the premier.
The growth domestic production (GDP) of the world's third largest economy rose 6.1 percent in the first quarter, the slowest pace in a decade.
Premier Wen said the economy was "better than expected", citing pick-ups in investment, consumption and industrial output, as well as ample liquidity in the banking system.
He said the stimulus policies were primarily aimed at boosting domestic demand, and at the same time made full use of external demand, to make both of them drive economic growth.
"This will lead to the transformation towards a more balanced growth pattern of the Chinese economy," he said.
Wen said the stimulus policy would give a big push to the shift from extensive economic growth(粗放型经济增长) driven by high consumption of material resources to intensive growth（集约型增长）driven by scientific and technological advancement, improved quality of the workforce and institutional innovation（体制创新）.
He stressed the package plan aimed at dealing with both symptoms and root causes and serving both current needs and long-term goals, and the economic restructuring had made encouraging progress.
The premier also reiterated(重申) the government was doing everything in its power to create jobs, especially for college graduates and rural migrant workers（农民工）. He noted the urban employment rose as 2.68 million jobs were created in the urban areas in the first quarter.
The industrial output had gradually stabilized, and agriculture production was on the whole stable, he said.
"We should not, however, lose sight of the fact that the international financial crisis is still spreading, the basic trend of world economic recession(衰退) is not reversed（逆转的）, problems in the financial system remained unsolved and the worsening of the real economy has been more serious than expected," he warned.
He said the crisis had presented China with great challenges in economic and social development including sharp decline in exports, greater difficulties in stabilizing agriculture production and increasing farmer's income, industry overcapacity, and slow recovery in industrial growth, and severe pressure of unemployment.
Words interpretation for the text above:
Shoring up confidence支持信心
Ample liquidity 良好的资金流动性
1．Which of the following is NOT the aim of the package plan
A. To deal with the financial crisis. B. To promote the domestic demand and consumption.
C. To boost the growth of economy at home and abroad..
D. Just to serve current needs and goals.
2. Wen stressed China’s stimulus package plan is paying off. Which of the following statements can’t prove the idea
A. Investment and consumption is picking up. B. The banking system has enough liquidity.
C. A more balanced growth pattern of the Chinese economy has formed.
D. The rate of urban unemployment reduced in the first quarter.
3. The underlined words “ both of them” in paragraph 6 refer to_______________.
A. domestic demand and external demand B. pick-ups in investment and consumption
C. industrial output and agricultural production D. China’s economy and the third largest economy
4. Which of the best title of the passage
A. Premier Wen attended the Boao Forum. B. Premier: China’s stimulus package plan paying off.
C. The economy is recovering in China. D. Boao forum for Aisa
C
The Earth's climate has been significantly affected by the planet's magnetic field, according to a Danish study published Monday that is unlikely to challenge the idea that human emissions(排放) are largely responsible for global warming.
"Our results show a strong correlation between the strength of the Earth's magnetic field and the amount of precipitation（降水量）in the tropics," one of the two Danish geophysicists behind the study, Mads Faurschou Knudsen of the geology department at Aarhus University（奥胡斯大学）in western Denmark, told the Videnskab journal.
He and his colleague Peter Riisager, of the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), compared a reconstruction（重现）of the prehistoric（史前的）magnetic field 5,000 years ago based on data drawn from stalagmites（石笋）and stalactites（钟乳石）found in China and Oman.
The results of the study, which has also been published in scientific journal Geology, lend support to a controversial（有争议的）theory published a decade ago by Danish astrophysicist Henrik Svensmark, who claimed the climate was highly influenced by galactic cosmic ray (GCR) particles entering the Earth's atmosphere.
Svensmark's theory, which seems to contradict the theory of today's mainstream theorists who claim carbon dioxide (CO2) is responsible for global warming, involved a link between the earth's magnetic field and climate, since that field helps control the number of GCR particles that reach the earth's atmosphere.
"The only way we can explain the (geomagnetic-climate) connection is through the exact same physical mechanisms(机械装置) that were present in Henrik Svensmark's theory," Knudsen said.
"If changes in the magnetic field, which occur independently of the Earth's climate, can be linked to changes in precipitation, then it can only be explained through the magnetic field's blocking of the cosmetic rays," he said.
The two scientists acknowledged that CO2 plays an important role in the changing climate, "but the climate is an incredibly complex system, and it is unlikely we have a full overview（概述）over which factors play a part and how important each is in a given circumstance," Riisager told Videnskab.
1. Which of the following word can replace the underlined word “correlation”
A. connection B. difference C. comparison D. effect
2. According to the report, which statement is TRUE
A. Sevesmark’s theory conflicts with that of today’s mainstream theorists.
B. Earth’s Magnetic Field can help restrict the GCR particles reaching the earth’s atmosphere.
C. CO2 plays a less important role in the changing climate than Earth’s Magnetic Field.
D. GCR particles going through the atmosphere have nothing to do with the amount of precipitation.
3. According to the passage, we can conclude______________.
A. Magnetic Field affects Earth’s climate by means of GCR going through the atmosphere.
B. The amount of precipitation directly affects the strength of Magnetic Field.
C. The number of GCR particles reaching the atmosphere depends on the amount of precipitation.
D. The amount of precipitation in the tropics directly affects the quality of atmosphere.
4. By saying the results of the study lend support to a controversial（有争议的）theory published a decade ago, the author wants to tell us ________________.
A. the results of the study make the theory published ten years ago argued again
B. the results of the study prove to be controversial as well as the theory published ten years ago
C. the results of the study make the theory published ten years ago more controversial
D. the results of the study correspond to a theory ten years ago that is argued
D
Working Christmas Day
It was an unusually quiet day in the emergency room on December twenty-fifth. Quiet, that is, except for the nurses who were standing around the nurses' station complaining about having to work Christmas Day.
I was triage nurse(分诊护士) that day and had just been out to the waiting room to clean up. Since there were no patients waiting to be seen at the time, I came back to the nurses' station for a cup of hot cider from the crock-pot（炖锅）someone had brought in for Christmas. Just then an admitting clerk came back and told me I had five patients waiting to be evaluated.
I whined, "Five, how did I get five; I was just out there and no one was in the waiting room."
"Well, there are five signed in." So I went straight out and called the first name. Five bodies showed up at my triage desk, a pale petite woman and four small children in somewhat rumpled(皱的) clothing.
"Are you all sick " I asked suspiciously.
"Yes," she said weakly, and lowered her head.
"Okay," I replied, unconvinced, "who's first " One by one they sat down, and I asked the usual preliminary(初步的) questions. When it came to descriptions of their presenting problems, things got a little vague. Two of the children had headaches, but the headaches weren't accompanied by the normal body language of holding the head or trying to keep it still. Two children had earaches, but only one could tell me which ear was affected. The mother complained of a cough, but seemed to work to produce it.
Something was wrong with the picture. Our hospital policy, however, was not to turn away any patient, so we would see them. When I explained to the mother that it might be a little while before a doctor saw her because, even though the waiting room was empty, ambulances had brought in several, more critical patients, in the back, she responded, "Take your time, it's warm in here." She turned and, with a smile, guided her brood into the waiting room.
On a hunch (预感), I checked the chart after the admitting clerk had finished registering the family. No address - they were homeless. The waiting room was warm.
I looked out at the family huddle（挤作一团）by the Christmas tree. The littlest one was pointing at the television and exclaiming （惊叫）something to her mother. The oldest one was looking at her reflection in an ornament（装饰物）on the Christmas tree.
The nurses, grumbling(抱怨) about working Christmas, turned to compassion（同情）for a family just trying to get warm on Christmas. The team went into action, much as we do when there's a medical emergency. But this one was a Christmas emergency.
We were all offered a free meal in the hospital cafeteria on Christmas Day, so we claimed that meal and prepared a banquet for our Christmas guests.
1. From the passage, we can learn _____________.
A. the four children and the mother were all badly ill
B. two of the four children were mentally disordered
C. the mother had a bad cough D. the family were pretending to be patients
2. The sentence I went back to the nurse station and mentioned we had a homeless family in the waiting room - a mother and four children between four and ten years of age. should be put in front of .
A. the last paragraph B. the last second paragraph
C. the last third paragraph D. the last fourth paragraph
3. What is most likely to happen following the passage
A. The family will be brought before the head of the hospital.
B. The family will be asked to leave after the meal.
C. The nurses will prepare some presents for their Christmas “patients” and take turns to company them.
D. The family will be treated for free.
4. When the author explained to the mother that it might be a little while before a doctor saw her because, even though the waiting room was empty, ambulances had brought in several more critical patients in the back, the author .
A. had realized they were likely to pretend to be ill B. wanted to go to help the busy doctor
C. would like to drive them away D. wanted them to wait a moment in the waiting room
Keys: A:ACCA B: DCAB C:ABAD D: DBCA
五、任务型阅读解题三步走
1. 泛读材料，把握重点
学生应争取在尽可能短的时间内了解阅读材料题材，（一般都是结构清晰，难度适中的记叙文，说明文和议论文）抓住关键句和重点段（常出现在首段和尾段）。在阅读过程中，对重点句子和段落要做下标记，有助于再次查找相关信息时节省时间。读完后可尝试填充表格中一些概括归纳题（常被设置在表格中的主标题贺词标题）。此时，如果发现针对阅读材料细节设置的题目，可将细节直接填入空格中。
2. 再读材料，突破难点
学生应带着表格中需要解决的问题再次阅读材料，这些问题常常是一些细节性的间接作答题、推理判断题或概括归纳题。需要学生有重点地从阅读材料中筛选信息，通过加工、整合、转化等方式来解决较难的填词。值得关注的是高考的任务型阅读时按照6：3：1的比例来设空的。即6个空是可以从文章中直接找到答案的（不一定是与文章中的词完全一样的词，词性的转化，名词单复数的变化，动词词形的变化都属于此类）3个空是由文章中的某次的同义转换或翻译转换。词组变单词，单词变词组，词组变词组，单词变单词都有可能。剩下的1个空是对文章整体的概括归纳。答题时要遵循“先易后难，各个击破”的原则，不要在个别选项上耗时过多。
3. 核对细节，规范答案
学生应结合阅读材料对所填词汇的词意和词形准确性进行核对：指队原词汇的统一，反义转换是否恰当。核对词形就是要和对所填词汇的拼写、首字母大小写、动词词形、名词的单复数、形容词的比较级，最高级等细节问题，做到规范正确。在此步骤中，学生切记要上看下看左看右看，即对所填空的上下左右的词仔细观察比照，是否应大写，填什么形式都应该根据周围的词来决定。
任务型阅读常见词汇
1. 相对意义词：advantage/disadvantage; weakness/strength; positive/negative; similarity/difference;
2. 相近意义词：reason/cause; consequence/effect/result; way/means/solution; different/various; aim/purpose/goal/intention; advance/promote/improve/increase; suggestion/advice/tip; place/location; fix/settle/solve/handle; comparison/contrast; protection/conservation/preservation;
explain/interpret ; differ/distinguish/tell; evaluate/appraise; opinion/idea/view/viewpoint
3. 其它高频词：introduction，definition, background, development, comment, conclusion, description, outline, judgment, analysis, summary, discussion, inference(推断的结论)
实战练习
1
There is a world of music out there! What we hear on the radio or see on TV and computer is only a small part of all the wonderful music that is waiting for us. Most of us probably like pop music and have our favorite performers, stars or bands, but many of us also want to discover new sounds and rhythms. Here is a brief look at some of the exciting musical styles from around the world.
Blues music has a long history. The blues is a way for people to show who they are and what is in their heart. People have been playing the blues for many years, but the music has kept many of its characteristics. The blues comes from African songs that people used to sing when they worked and during festivals. The African songs met American music when African slaves were brought to the US. The blues has been part of African-American culture since then, and it is still an important part of American culture. Other musical styles, like jazz and rock music, have all come from blues music.
Today's American culture contains many different musical styles. People still listen to blues and rock, but they also listen to hip-hop and rap. Hip-hop and rap have much in common with blues and rock, but they also have their own characteristics. Hip-hop music often combines parts of other styles to create music that will help people hear new things in old music. Perhaps the most important characteristic of rap music is the way the artists sing. In rap music, the singer or "rapper" will speak or "rap” the words along with the beat.
Another important style in today's world of music is Latin music. Latin music----music that uses traditional styles from Latin America----has spread all over the world. In the US. Where there are many Spanish-speaking people, Latin music is a big part of the culture. It has always been popular in Spanish speaking countries and today stars like Santana and Ricky Martin are known all over the world.
There are of course many other interesting styles of music. There is a wide variety of new music to be discovered in every corner of the world. so the next time you look for a tape or a CD, don't just look for Chinese or American music-open your ears to the sounds of the world!
2
Teenagers today live in a very competitive world. It is more important than ever to succeed at school if you hope to have a chance in the job market afterwards. It is no wonder that many young people worry about letting down their parents, their classmates and themselves. In trying to please everyone, they take on too many tasks until it becomes harder and harder to balance homework, parties, sports activities and friends. The result is that young people suffer from stress.
There are different ways of dealing with stress. Everyone knows that caffeine, whether it is in the form of coffee or soft drinks, keeps you awake and alert. But caffeine is a drug which can become addictive. In the end, lik