高考二轮专题复习:情态动词和虚拟语气 1

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名称 高考二轮专题复习:情态动词和虚拟语气 1
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更新时间 2010-01-13 00:00:00

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课件23张PPT。高考二轮复习 语法系统讲解 情态动词和虚拟语气 第一课时 理论讲解主讲人 吴世民 考点要览
1.情态动词在一般疑问句中的问与答
2.“情态动词+不定式完成式”的结构和用法
3.“情态动词+be doing”的意义
4.“情态动词+have been doing”的意义
5.情态动词shall与will, could表意愿时用法区别
6.含情态动词must的句子的反意疑问句构成
虚拟语气在其它从句中的用法及几种特殊句型 本课要点
1.部分情态动词的问与答
2.“情态动词+不定式完成式”结构及意义
3.“情态动词+be doing”的意义
4.“情态动词+have been doing”的意义
5.情态动词shall, will和would表意愿时用法区别
6.dare与need, used to与would用法及区别
7.must和have to用法区别
8.含有must句子的反意疑问句构成
9.虚拟语气在if引导的条件状语从句中的用法
10虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
11.几种常用的虚拟语气结构 (1) Need I finish the work today?
Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.
(2) Must I go with you?
Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.
(3) May I lend your book?
Yes, you may. (=Yes, certainly/of course.)
No, you may not. (=No, you can’t/mustn’t.)一 部分情态动词的问与答(4) Shall I hand in the paper right now?
Yes, please.
No, thanks.
No, you needn’t. (委婉)
No, you can’t. (反对)
No, you mustn’t. (禁止)
(5) Might I smoke here?
Yes, you can.
No, you can’t.(1)must have done (语气肯定)“过去一定……”
表示对过去情况极大把握的推测。
I didn’t hear the telephone, I must have been asleep.
我没有听到电话铃声,我一定是睡着了。
(2) should/ought to have done
“本来应该……”“按理该……”表示责备,惋惜。
The plant is dead, I should have given it more water.
植物死掉了,我本应该给它浇更多的水的。
(3) may/might have done (语气不肯定)
“过去可能……”表推测。
He might have given you more help,
even though he was very busy.
他本应可以给你更多帮助,即使他非常忙二 “情态动词+不定式完成式”结构及意义。
(4) can’t/couldn’t have done (语气肯定)
(否定句和疑问句)“过去不可能……”
对过去发生的事的不肯定或怀疑。
He can’t have studied English be fore.
他以前没有学过英语。
(5) could have done
本来能做却未做,表责备。
need have done
本需要做,没有做,表责备。
might have done
本来可以做却未做,表责备。
He could have walked to the station,
it was so far.
我们本应走着去火车站,这么近。

(6) needn’t have done
已做了某事,但没有必要。
shouldn’t have done
oughtn’t to have done
本来不该做却做了, 表责备,惋惜。
I needn’t have bought the book.
我没有必要买这本书。
Tom ought not to have told me your secret.
汤姆本不该把你的秘密告诉我。 “情态动词+be doing”表推测,“应当正在……可能正 在……”。 ? They must be waiting for you. 他们一定在等你。 (1)有时此结构可表示“即得,将要”这类意思。 I must be leaving now. 我得立刻离开了。 (2)有时还可表示老是在做某事。 Why must you always be finding fault with that girl? 你为什么总是和这姑娘过不去?三 “情态动词+be doing”的意义 “情态动词+have been doing”表推测有“应当一直在……”等含义。
例:
They can’t have been working for that long last night.
昨晚他们不可能工作那么久。
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。四 “情态动词+have been doing”的意义 询问对方意愿,表白说话人的意愿。 向对方提出请求时(第二人称)用 will/would。 当shall用于第三人称疑问句时, 表示征求对 方意见或请求指示。用于第一二人称时,相 当于will,表示将要…. 五 情态动词shall, will和would表意愿时用法区别Will/ would you come to my birthday party?
询问对方时候愿意Shall he attend the meeting? 表示征求意见
Shall we go there tomorrow? 表示将要,相当于willdare和need作情态动词时不用于肯定句;作实义动
词时不受限制。
He dare do that.(错误)
He dare not do that.(正确)
He dares to do that(正确)
He doesn’t dare to do that.(正确)
used to 表示“过去常干……”,但现在不干了,常与
like, be等状态动词连用。
I used to fish in the river, but now the river is gone.
would (do)表示“过去常干……”,但不强调现在如
何,并带有赞扬、厌恶等感彩。
Tom would help the old man when he was here.六 dare与need, used to与would用法及区别have to表示说话人的主观看法,而must表
示客观的需要;
I must leave now.(我自己感觉必须要走)
I have to go now.(客观原因没办法必须走)
mustn’t表示为“决不能”“禁止”“一定不
要”,
而don’t have to表示“不必要”。
(英国英语中常用needn’t)
You mustn’t smoke here.
You don’t have to wait here any more.七 must和have to用法区别 (1)must表示“必要”“必须”时,附加部分用
mustn’t…?或者说needn’t…?
You must leave here, mustn’t/needn’t you?
(2)must用于否定形式mustn’t时,附加问句部分
用may或must。
You mustn’t leave here, must/may you?
(3)must表示“推测”意义时,要根据具体情况而
确定。例如:
He must know the secret, doesn’t he?
他一定知道这个秘密,不是吗?
He must be a teacher, isn’t he?
他一定是个老师,不是吗?
You must have seen him off yesterday, didn’t you?
你昨天一定是看见他离开了,不是吗?
You must have studied English , haven’t you?
你以前一定是学过英语,不是吗?
八 含有must句子的反意疑问句构成 (1)若与现在事实相反
从句形式为:
  If+主语+动词过去式(be动词一般为were)
主句形式为:
  主语+would/should/could/might +v.
If he came here,
he would/should/could/might help me.
(2)若与过去事实相反
从句形式为:
  If+主语+had+ done
主句形式为:
  主语+would/should/could/might+ have+done
If you had come here yesterday,
you would/should/could/might have seen the expert.九 虚拟语气在if引导的条件状语从句中的用法 (3)若与将来事实相反
从句形式为:
    If+ 主语+ 动词过去式
should + v.
were to + v.
主句形式为:
   主语+would/should/could/might + v.
If he met me,
he would/should/could/might be very happy.
If you should come here,
you would/should/could/might meet many classmates.
If we were to do that,
we would/should/could/might make good preparation.(1)在某些动词的宾语从句中, 形式是 “(should)+动词原形”。常见动词有: 一个坚持(insist);两个命令(order, demand);三个建议 ( advise, suggest, propose); 四项要求(demand, require, request, ask)。 (2)作某些词的同位语和表语从句时,形式是:“(should)+ 动词原形”。常见的名词有:advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request, opinion等。 (3)下列主语从句中用“(should)+动词原形” It is necessary (important, natural, strange, surprising, etc) that… It is a pity (a shame, no wonder etc ) that… It is suggested (decided, ordered, requested, etc) that…十虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 (1)用but for, without等介词短语表达条件。例如:
But for you, we couldn’t have carried out the plan.
要不是你的话我们(当时)无法实行那项计划。
(2)It’s time that …+ 动词过去式
should+动词原形
   “该做……的时候了”
例如:
  It is time we got up .
  该是起床的时间了.
  It is (high) time we should get up.
  该是我起床的时间了.
(3)would rather (that)…动词过去式(与现在或将来相反)
had + done了十一几种常用的虚拟语气结构“宁愿……(而不)……”(与过去事实相反)
例如:
I would rather he stayed at home now.
      我宁愿他现在在家里.
       he stayed at home tomorrow.
      我宁愿他明天在家里. 
he had stayed at home yesterday.
我宁愿他昨天在家里
( 4 ) wish=if only+从句(从句谓语动词有三种形式)
①would (could, might) +动词原形(与过去事实相反)
②动词过去式(与现在事实相反)
③had+过去分词或用could have+ 过去分词(与过去事实相反) 例如:
I wish (ed) I could (would, might) go to the moon in a spaceship one day.
我希望有一天我能乘坐宇宙飞船登上月球.
I wish (=If only) he visited us now.
要是他现在能来看望我.
I wish (If only) he had visited us last night.
=I wish (If only) he could have visited us last night.
要是他昨晚能来看望我们就好了.
(5) as if (thought) (方式)“好像,仿佛”
+ ①动词过去式(与现在事实相反)
②过去进行式(与现在正在进行相反)
③had+done(与过去事实相反)
④could/might/would+动词原形(与将来事实相反)例如:
It looks as if/though
①someone were running.
好象有人在跑步.
②she hadn’t done that.
她好象没有做那样的事
③she were two years younger today.
她今天看起来好象年轻了两岁.
④she would live another 100 years.
她好象还能活100岁.
(6)有时候,条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的(如一个是过去发生的,一个是现在发生的),这这时动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。例如: If I had followed the doctor’s advice, I would be better now. 如果我听了医生的建议,我现在可能就好多了. If you had worked hard then, you would be in the university now. 如果那时你努力一些,你现在就上大学了. If the doctor had come sooner last night, he would be alive now. 如果医生昨晚能早来一会儿,病人现在可能就活下来了. (7)even if/though 引导让步状语从句,从句中用may/might+动词原形, may或might可省略,表示与现在情况相反;从句用过去时, 表示与过去情况相反;类似的词还有: though/as though/so long as/no matter wh-whatever/whenever/whoever等。
However dangerous it might be, he would have a try.
无论多危险,他都要试一试。
Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you.
即使我当时很忙,我还是会帮助你的。
(8)表示祝愿或诅咒的祈使句
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!
(9)过去分词短语表示条件
Given more time, we could have done it better.
倘若给我们会把它做得更好。
(10)通过上下文表示条件
Such mistake could have been avoided.
这种错误本来是可以避免的。