2010高考英语二轮专题复习系列课件04《语言知识点》

课件59张PPT。2010高考英语二轮专题复习系列课件 04《语言知识点》 一、08高考英语江苏卷命题依据
1. 依据国家教育部所颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》的总体目标和分项目标；
2. 依据江苏教育厅所颁发的《江苏省普通高中课程标准教学要求》；
3. 依据2008年江苏高考英语《考试说明》。 二、考试内容的变化
1. 总词汇量增加：
2007年《考试说明》：2500个左右的英语词汇与相关词组。
2008年《考试说明》： 3500个英语单词和400～500个习惯用语或固定搭配。
2. 增添任务型阅读。
3. 书面表达字数增加：
120词左右 → 150词左右。 一、语言知识点
命题角度、复习对策
二、阅读理解
命题方法、解题方法、常见问题
三、任务型阅读
命题特点、训练方法
三、语言知识点复习的必要性
1. 是达到《英语课程标准（试行稿）》和《江苏省普通高中课程标准教学要求》要求的需要；
2.是提升学生综合运用语言知识能力的需要;
3. 是提高高考英语成绩的需要：
●单项选择 15分；●完形填空20
●任务型阅读10分 ●书面表达25分。四、语言知识点复习“三要”
1. 复习时间要相对集中；
2. 复习要有系统性；
3. 复习要极具针对性 —— 紧扣考点、突出重点、解决难点、弥补弱点。
五、语言知识点考查方法（7点）
1. 利用知识点的常用规则考查：
At the end of the meeting, it was
announced that an agreement __.
（2007江苏）
has been reached
B. had been reached
C. has reached
D. had reached — Can I smoke here ?
— Sorry. We don’t allow __ here
（2007江苏）
A. people smoking B. people smoke
C. to smoke D. smoking
My parents have always made me __ about myself, even when I was twelve.（2007江苏）
A. feeling well B. feeling good
B. feel well D. feel good 2. 利用规则中的“例外”考查：
We have every reason to believe that __ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be __ success.（ 2007江苏）
A. 不填；a B. the; 不填
C. the; a D. a ; a 3. 利用学生学习的难点考查：
— She looks very happy. She __
have passed the exam.
— I guess so. It’s not difficult
after all.（2007江苏）
should B. could
C. must D. might4. 利用学生容易疏漏的知识点考查：
He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them __ in his lectures.（2007江苏）
A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest5. 利用学生混淆不清的知识点考查：
My most famous relative of all,
__ who really left his mark on
America, was Reb Sussel, my
great-grandfather. （2006江苏）
A. one B. the one
C. he D. someone6. 利用学生的思维定势考查：
— __ you __ him around the museum yet?
— Yes. We had a great time there.（2007江苏）
A. Have; shown B. Do; show
C. Had; shown D. Did; show
7. 利用语言、文化差异考查：
He found it increasingly difficult
to read, ___ his eyesight was
beginning to fail.（2006北京）
A. and B. for
C. but D. or
六、语言知识点中的考点、重点、难点、弱点剖析
(1) 冠词（4点）
除复习冠词的基本用法外，其“例外”用法值得注意。
1. 表示“某一”的意思时，专有名词及月份、星期的名词前用a或an。例如：
— Could you tell me the way to __ Johnson’s, please?
— Sorry, we don’t have __ Johnson here in the village.（2007全国II）
the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
又如：
Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was ___ Sunday because everybody was at ___ church.（2007重庆）
A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a 2. a / an + 名词 + 修饰性的定语从句或介词短语。例如：
Mrs. Taylor has __ 8-year-old daughter who has __ gift for painting — she has won two national prizes.（2005浙江）
a; a B. an; the
C. an; a D. the; a 又如：
For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living. (2006山东)
a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the
3. 在句中第一次出现的名词不等于不特指，完全看语境的暗示。例如：
— I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over __ keyboard.
— You shouldn’t put drinks near __ computer. (2006北京)
A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 4. music、nature、society前通常不用冠词，除非特指。例如：
I know you don’t like __ music very much. But what do you think of __ music in the film we saw yesterday? (2006全国III)
/; / B. the; the
C. the; / D. /; the
（2）形容词、副词（3点）
1. 几个形容词作定语的排序问题。
理论上若干形容词可共同作一个名词的定语，其排列顺序是：描绘形容词+大小(长短高低)形容词+形状形容词+年龄(新旧)形容词+颜色形容词+国籍形容词+材料形容词+用途(类别)形容词+名词。
记忆方法：可以通过下面一个短语
记忆，而后套用：a beautiful,
small, round, old, white, French,
wooden, writing table（美丽的小
袁，老白发，木头写字台。） 例
如：
This __ girl is Lind’s cousin. (2005北京)
A. pretty little Spanish
B. Spanish little pr
C. Spanish pretty little
D. little pretty Spanish
2. 绝不能忽略less、least及
worse, worst等表示“更少”、
“最少”、“更糟”、“最糟”等概念
的比较级和最高级的使用。例
如：
Alan is a careful driver, but he drives ___ of my friends.（2007上海）
more carefully B. the most carefully
C. less carefully D. the least carefully3. cannot…too…无论……也不过分 / cannot…more…再……不过了。例如：
—　Must I turn off the gas after cooking ?
—　Of course . You can never be ___ careful with that. (2005江西)
enough B. too C. so D. very
— Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
— __. I love getting close to nature. (2004福建)
I couldn’t agree more
B. I’m afraid not
C. I believe not
D. I don’t think so （3）代词（2点）
1. 一些动词后接相关从句时要先加it，再接从句：
● appreciate + it + if …
● dislike、 hate、like、love + it + when …
● depend on + it + that …
● insist on + it + that …
● see to + it + that…例如：
I’d appreciate __ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (2006山东)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
又如：
I hate __ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET1998)
A. it B. that C. these D. them
2. one、the one都可以作同位
语。例如：
My most famous relative of all,
___ who really left his mark on
America, was Rob Sussel, my
great grandfather.（2006江苏）
one B. the one
C. he D. someone （4）动词的时态（4点）
1. 时间、条件状语从句中的谓语动词可以用完成时替代将来时。例如：
— __ leave at the end of this month.
— I don’t think you should do that until __ another job. (2006北京)
I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
D. I’ll ; you’d find 2. 一般过去时可以与段时间连用。例如：
I ___ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.（2006重庆）
A. lived B. was living
C. have lived D. had lived
3. It is / was the first / second … time + 完成时。例如：
— Do you know our town at all??
— No, this is the first time I ___ here. (NMET91)
was B. have been
C. came D. am coming 4. 表示思维的动词，如：think、
want、hope、plan、intend、
mean、suppose等可以用过去完
成时或一般过去时表示事与愿违的
情况。例如：
— Ouch! You hurt me!
— I am sorry. But I __ any harm. I __ to drive a rat out.（2007江西）
didn’t mean; tried
B. don’t mean; am trying
C. haven’t meant; tried
D. didn’t mean; was trying （5）虚拟语气（1点）
在表示虚拟语气的句型中，如其
中含有表示客观事实的从句，该
从句不用虚拟语气。例如：
If it were not for the fact that
she _____ sing, I would invite
her to the party. （2006福建卷）
couldn’t B. shouldn’t
C. can’t D. might not 　（6）情态动词（2点）
1. 表示猜测、推测：
● must用在肯定句中；
● can, could用在疑问句中；
● may, might, can, could用在肯定句或否定句中。may、might侧重从事实的角度做出猜测，而can、could则侧重从逻辑角度做出猜测。例如：
Helen __ go on the trip with us, but she
isn’t quite sure yet. （2005安徽）
shall B. must C. may D. can
又如：
— I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
— It __ Harry’s. He always wears green. (2005广东)
has to be B. will be
C. mustn’t be D. could be 2. 表示埋怨、责怪：
● should (not) + have done
● ought (not) to + have done
● could + have done
● needn’t + have done
例如：
— My cat’s really fat.
— You __ have given her so much food.（2007浙江）
wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t （7）非谓语动词（7点）
1. 逻辑主语
句子成分 逻辑主语
状语 句子的主语
宾补 句子的宾语
定语 被修饰的名词
注意：不定式作定语，其逻辑主语要根据语境确定。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
I have a lot of work to be done.例如：
There have been several new
events __ to the program for
the 2008 Beijing Olympic
Games. (2006北京)
A. add B. to add
C. adding D. added 又如：
Don't sit there __ nothing. Come
and help me with this table.
（2006湖北)
A. do B. to do
C. doing D. and doing 2. 非谓语动词的时间差
● to do表示经常、将要或正在进行的动作，to be doing强调正在进行, to have done则表示已经发生的动作。
●doing表示经常或正在进行的动作，having done表示已经完成的动作。
●done表示已经完成的动作。
例如：
__ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. (2006广东)
A. Having made B. Make
C. To make D. Making
再如：
After he became conscious，he remembered __ and __on the head with a rod (2006江西)
A. to attack; hit
B．to be attacked；to be hit
C. attacking；be hit
D. having been attacked；hit3. 独立主格结构
●独立主格结构的构成形式；
●独立主格结构的逻辑主语。
例如：
The children went home from the
grammar school, their lessons __ for the
day. （2007重庆）
A. finishing B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished
又如：
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ___, he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽）
A. finished B. finishing
C. having finished D. was finished
再如：
— Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down.（2007福建）
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 4. 非谓语动词作状语为已知条件，在选择句子时，要考虑句子的主语与非谓语动词的逻辑关系。例如：
Faced with a bill for $10,000, __. (2006全国II)
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John 5. 下列动词短语中的to为介词：
object to be / get used to
be dedicated to（专注于）
be devoted to
look forward to
contribute to
pay attention to
be adjusted to（适应于）
be adapted to（适合于）
get down to
stick to prefer … to例如：
Isn’t it time you got down to?__ the papers?（2006重庆）A. mark B. be marked
C. being marked D. marking
6. 现在分词、不定式都可以作结果
状语的区别。例如：
He hurried to the booking office only ___
that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006全国II)
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
又如：
We often provide our children with toys,
footballs or basketballs, ___ that all
children like these things. (2006全国III)
thinking B. think
C. to think D. thought 7. need / want / require / deserve +
doing / to be done
例如：
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ___.（2007陕西）
A. need repairing
B. needs to repair
C. needs repairing
D. need to repair（8）动词短语
动词短语通常围绕以下主要动词为核心词：break、bring、call、carry、come、fall、get、give、go、look、make、hand、keep、knock、look、pick、put、take、think、throw、turn等。 （9）介词（2点）
1. beyond的意思是“超过”。例如：
This new model of car is so expensive that it is ___ the reach of those with average income.（2006江苏）
A. over B. within C. beyond D. below
2. 介词with、without、like后可以接“宾语+宾补”。例如：
It was a pity that the great writer died ___ his works unfinished. (2006湖南)
A. for B. with C. from D. of （10）连接词（6点）
1. that和what在引导名词性从句时的区别。例如：
You can only be sure of __ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something __ you might get in the future.（2007安徽）
A. that; what B. what; /
C. which; that D. /; that 2. that、which在引导同位语
从句时的区别。例如：
There is much chance ___ Bill
will recover from his injury in
time for the race.（2006天津）
A. that B. which
C. until D. if 3. what不能引导定语从句。例如：
You can only be sure of ___ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ___ you might get in the future.（2007安徽）
A. that; what B. what; /
C. which; that D. /; that 4. as、which在引导非限定性定语从句时的异同点。例如：
The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ___ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.（2006江苏）
A. who B. that C. as D. which 5. where可以引导地点状语从句。例如：
— Mom, what did your doctor say?— He advised me to live?___ the air is fresher. (2006四川)A. in where B. in which
C. the place where D. where
又如：
If you are traveling ___ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.（2006天津）
A. in which B. what C. when D. where 6. 当先行词是situation、point、case时，定语从句由关系副词where引导。例如：
After graduation she reached a point in her career ___ she needed to decide what to do.（2007江西）
A. that B. what C. which D. where　
又如：
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.（2007陕西）
A. which B. as C. why D. where　（11）句型（9个）
1. It is…that / who…
2. It is…before…
3. It is…since…
4. It’s the first / second… time…
5. It is not until…that …6. It’s time …
7. 祈使句+or / otherwise+陈述句
8. 祈使句+and+陈述句
9. 表示“倍数”的常用句型：
A is …times as+原级+as B
A is … times + the +名词+of B
A is …times +比较级+ than Bgoodbye