高考英语二轮语法专题复习--定语从句
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课件24张PPT。 高考二轮复习 语法系统讲解 定语从句主讲人 吴世民英语句子按结构分为:简单句复合句只有一个主谓结构的句子并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构的句子由并列连词and,but,or连接 I. 简 单 句
根据句子结构，简单句可分为五种：1 主语+不及物动词2主语+联系动词+表语3主语+及物动词+宾语4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语不足语根据句子功能，简单句可分为四种：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 II.并 列 句：
由两个或两个以上并列而有相互独立的简单
句构成。
两个简单句通常有并列连词连在一起。
结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句
Eg: I help him and he helps me.
You must study hard,otherwise you’ll not
succeed.常用的并列连词有：
and, but, or, not only…but (also), neither…nor,
both…and , otherwise,either… or, and yet,however.
复合句主句从句名词性从句状语从句（副词性从句） 定语从句（形容词性从句）宾、主、表、同位语1.时间 2.地点 3.原因 4.条件 5.结果 6.让步
7.目的 8.比较 9.方式 III复 合 句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句
构成。主句是句子的主体，从句只作
整个句子的一个成分，不能独立成为句子。 定 语 从 句1.定语从句2.先行词3.关系词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词在复合句中用来作定语的句子关系代词关系副词who,whom,whose, which, that, aswhere, when, whyThe man is my brother.
The man is standing there.The man
The manThe man who is standing there is my brother.The book is very interesting.
I bought the book yesterday.The book which I bought yesterday is very
interesting.转
换
步
骤1. 确定谁是主句
2. 确定关系词
3.掌握关系词的区分和用法关系词关系代词关系副词一 关系代词
指人 who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格)
指物 which(主格,宾格),whose(所有格)
指人或物 that (主格,宾格)
The man who/that is standing there is my brother.The man is my brother.
You were talking to the man just now.The man whom /that/who/x you were talking to just now
is my brotherThe boy studies very hard.
The boy’s name is Tom.The boy whose name is Tom studies very hard.二 关系副词
when（时间）, where（地点）, why（原因）
This is the factory.
We worked in the factory last year.This is the factory where/in which we worked last year.the factory was built in 1990.
We worked in the factory in 1990. We worked in the factory when/in which the factory was built.The reason why/for which he didn’t come to the meeting was that it was going to rain. 1.? that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.I’ve read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等
修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。三 关于关系词使用的一些特殊情况
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句
Who is the girl (that) drove the car?
Who (that) broke the window will be punished.
(6) 主句以There be 引导时
There are 200 people (that) didn’t know the thing.
(7)主句当中先行词既有人又有物时
we have 47 students and 47 desks (that) are new here in our classroom.2.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下 列情况下, 一般用which而不用that。 (1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）
Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.October 12 is the day which/ that I’ll never forgetI’ll never forget the day on which we met each other.=I’ll never forget the day when we met each other.3.并不是见到时间就用when，见到地点where。He wanted to visit the place which/that lies on the island.
I like the place very much which my father often speak of.关键是看现行词在第二句话中作的是主语宾语，
还是地点和时间状语，前者则用which 或that ,后者则
使用when 或where.小结: 1.定语从句的位置:
先行词+关系词+定语从句1)确定先行词
2)看先行词表示什么。表示人、物、时间、地点、原因
3)看先行词先行词在从句中充当什么句子成分2.关系词的选择一.先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时,通常 关系代词that
1)先行词是all,no none,everyone, something,much, little等
2)先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级,the last,the same,the only等.
3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时.
4)若主句中有疑问代词who,which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who,which.四 理论实践相结合，典型精练1.This is all____I know about the matter.
A.that B.what C.who D.whether
2Is there anything else_____you require?
A.which B.that C.who D.what
3.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall.
A.which B.that C.where D.it
4.He talked happily about the men and books_____
interested him greatly in the school.
A.which B.that C.it D.whom
5.There is no dictionary_____you can find everything.
A.that B.which C.where D.in that
6.This is one of the best books_______.
A.that have ever been written C. that has written
B.that has ever been written D.that have writtenA B BBAA二、 介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.
1.Do you know who lives in the building______there
is a well? A.in front of it B. in front of whose
C.in front of which D.in front which
2.I’ll never forget the day____I joined the League.
A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which
3.The woman_____my brother spoke just now is my
teacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom
4.Jeanne was her old friend,____she borrowed a
necklace. A.from who B.from whom
C.to that D.to whom
5.His glasses,_____he was like a blind man,fell to
the ground and broke its leg.
A.which B.with which C.without which D.that
CABBC三、 as ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句,如都
指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换.
as 引导的从 句可以放在句首,as 本身有
“正如…..正象…”. 一类的含义. 与之连用的词有know,see,expect, announce, point out等.此外,在the same…as… such….as….中as引导的
是限制性定语从句.1.______was natural,he married Jenny.
A.Which B.That C.This D.As
2.Such signs_____we use in the experiment______
Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is
3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_____ he
drank immediately . A.that B.as C.which D.who
4.She is very good at dance,____everybody knows.
A.that B.which C.who D.as
5.It was raining,_____was a pity.
A.what B.that C.the which D.which
6.______has been said above,grammar is a set of
dead rules. A.Which B.What C.That D.AsDACDDD四、 在实践中要注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别,能够正确区分使用它们.1A.Is this the factory_____you visited last year?
B.Is this factory____you visited last year?
a.that b.where c.in which d.the one
2.A.Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who____
working in China.
B.Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners
who____working in China.
a.is b.has c.have d.are
3.A.Don’t discuss questions such_____those.
B.Let’s discuss only the questions______
we are interested in.
a.which b.that c.as d.about which
addacb4.A.Pisa is a city, ___ has a leaning tower.
B.Pisa is a city,____there is a leaning tower.
a.which b.that c.where d.there
5.A.This is the place____we visited last year.
B.This the place____we worked last year.
a.which b.where c. in that d.there
6.A.The news____he told us was very exciting.
B.He has brought us the news____our team
has won the game.
a.what b.as c.that d.whereacabcc
根据句子结构，简单句可分为五种：1 主语+不及物动词2主语+联系动词+表语3主语+及物动词+宾语4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语不足语根据句子功能，简单句可分为四种：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 II.并 列 句：
由两个或两个以上并列而有相互独立的简单
句构成。
两个简单句通常有并列连词连在一起。
结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句
Eg: I help him and he helps me.
You must study hard,otherwise you’ll not
succeed.常用的并列连词有：
and, but, or, not only…but (also), neither…nor,
both…and , otherwise,either… or, and yet,however.
复合句主句从句名词性从句状语从句（副词性从句） 定语从句（形容词性从句）宾、主、表、同位语1.时间 2.地点 3.原因 4.条件 5.结果 6.让步
7.目的 8.比较 9.方式 III复 合 句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句
构成。主句是句子的主体，从句只作
整个句子的一个成分，不能独立成为句子。 定 语 从 句1.定语从句2.先行词3.关系词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词在复合句中用来作定语的句子关系代词关系副词who,whom,whose, which, that, aswhere, when, whyThe man is my brother.
The man is standing there.The man
The manThe man who is standing there is my brother.The book is very interesting.
I bought the book yesterday.The book which I bought yesterday is very
interesting.转
换
步
骤1. 确定谁是主句
2. 确定关系词
3.掌握关系词的区分和用法关系词关系代词关系副词一 关系代词
指人 who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格)
指物 which(主格,宾格),whose(所有格)
指人或物 that (主格,宾格)
The man who/that is standing there is my brother.The man is my brother.
You were talking to the man just now.The man whom /that/who/x you were talking to just now
is my brotherThe boy studies very hard.
The boy’s name is Tom.The boy whose name is Tom studies very hard.二 关系副词
when（时间）, where（地点）, why（原因）
This is the factory.
We worked in the factory last year.This is the factory where/in which we worked last year.the factory was built in 1990.
We worked in the factory in 1990. We worked in the factory when/in which the factory was built.The reason why/for which he didn’t come to the meeting was that it was going to rain. 1.? that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.I’ve read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等
修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。三 关于关系词使用的一些特殊情况
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句
Who is the girl (that) drove the car?
Who (that) broke the window will be punished.
(6) 主句以There be 引导时
There are 200 people (that) didn’t know the thing.
(7)主句当中先行词既有人又有物时
we have 47 students and 47 desks (that) are new here in our classroom.2.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下 列情况下, 一般用which而不用that。 (1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）
Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.October 12 is the day which/ that I’ll never forgetI’ll never forget the day on which we met each other.=I’ll never forget the day when we met each other.3.并不是见到时间就用when，见到地点where。He wanted to visit the place which/that lies on the island.
I like the place very much which my father often speak of.关键是看现行词在第二句话中作的是主语宾语，
还是地点和时间状语，前者则用which 或that ,后者则
使用when 或where.小结: 1.定语从句的位置:
先行词+关系词+定语从句1)确定先行词
2)看先行词表示什么。表示人、物、时间、地点、原因
3)看先行词先行词在从句中充当什么句子成分2.关系词的选择一.先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时,通常 关系代词that
1)先行词是all,no none,everyone, something,much, little等
2)先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级,the last,the same,the only等.
3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时.
4)若主句中有疑问代词who,which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who,which.四 理论实践相结合，典型精练1.This is all____I know about the matter.
A.that B.what C.who D.whether
2Is there anything else_____you require?
A.which B.that C.who D.what
3.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall.
A.which B.that C.where D.it
4.He talked happily about the men and books_____
interested him greatly in the school.
A.which B.that C.it D.whom
5.There is no dictionary_____you can find everything.
A.that B.which C.where D.in that
6.This is one of the best books_______.
A.that have ever been written C. that has written
B.that has ever been written D.that have writtenA B BBAA二、 介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.
1.Do you know who lives in the building______there
is a well? A.in front of it B. in front of whose
C.in front of which D.in front which
2.I’ll never forget the day____I joined the League.
A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which
3.The woman_____my brother spoke just now is my
teacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom
4.Jeanne was her old friend,____she borrowed a
necklace. A.from who B.from whom
C.to that D.to whom
5.His glasses,_____he was like a blind man,fell to
the ground and broke its leg.
A.which B.with which C.without which D.that
CABBC三、 as ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句,如都
指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换.
as 引导的从 句可以放在句首,as 本身有
“正如…..正象…”. 一类的含义. 与之连用的词有know,see,expect, announce, point out等.此外,在the same…as… such….as….中as引导的
是限制性定语从句.1.______was natural,he married Jenny.
A.Which B.That C.This D.As
2.Such signs_____we use in the experiment______
Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is
3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_____ he
drank immediately . A.that B.as C.which D.who
4.She is very good at dance,____everybody knows.
A.that B.which C.who D.as
5.It was raining,_____was a pity.
A.what B.that C.the which D.which
6.______has been said above,grammar is a set of
dead rules. A.Which B.What C.That D.AsDACDDD四、 在实践中要注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别,能够正确区分使用它们.1A.Is this the factory_____you visited last year?
B.Is this factory____you visited last year?
a.that b.where c.in which d.the one
2.A.Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who____
working in China.
B.Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners
who____working in China.
a.is b.has c.have d.are
3.A.Don’t discuss questions such_____those.
B.Let’s discuss only the questions______
we are interested in.
a.which b.that c.as d.about which
addacb4.A.Pisa is a city, ___ has a leaning tower.
B.Pisa is a city,____there is a leaning tower.
a.which b.that c.where d.there
5.A.This is the place____we visited last year.
B.This the place____we worked last year.
a.which b.where c. in that d.there
6.A.The news____he told us was very exciting.
B.He has brought us the news____our team
has won the game.
a.what b.as c.that d.whereacabcc