英语：unit 2 getting along lesson 1重难点解析（教科版九年级下）
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| 名称 | 英语：unit 2 getting along lesson 1重难点解析（教科版九年级下） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2010-01-21 13:22:00 | ||
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Unit 2 Getting Along
一. 本周教学内容：
Unit 2 Getting Along. Lesson 1
二. 重点、难点：
单词：
语音：
语法：直接引语与间接引语的转换：
一、如何变人称：
学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” →She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. “How is your sister now ”→ He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr. Smith said。 “Jack is a good worker。”→ Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)She said. “I have lost a pen.”→ She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. “We hope so.”→ She said they hoped so.
3) She said. “He will go to see his friend。”→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street ”
→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.”
→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, “I get up at six every morning。” →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. “You had better come here today.” →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that）,如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：
She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”→ She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, “Can you swim, John ” →He asked John if he could swim.
“You have finished the homework, haven’t you ” my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
“Do you go to school by bus or by bike ”
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, “When do they have their dinner ”→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为 “tell(ask, order, beg等) sb. (not) to do sth.”句型。
祈使句变为间接引语的规律
一改 （主句谓语动词）二变 （呼语为间接宾语）三加 （to）四去 （please）如：
“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
“Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she.→ She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：
He said, “Let’s go to the film.” →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
【巧学妙记】
直接引语变间接引语
（1）引语里的人称变化规律七字诀：一主，二宾，三不变。
直接引语变间接引语，在去掉引号后，凡引号内的第一人称应改成引号外主语的人称。第二人称应改成引号外的宾语的人称。第三人称则保留不变。但应注意不能改变原人称的数和格。单、复数和主格、宾格、所有格仍应与原人称一致，这一原则又叫只变人称不变数和格。如：She said, “I have to look after my brother at home.” She said that she had to look after her brother at home. 引号内的I应与引号外主语she保持一致，应改成she。引号内的my应与引号外主语she保持一致，但应改成所有格her。
（2）直接引语变间接引语口诀：
1）当直接引语为陈述句时，变成间接引语的口诀是：
去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。如：
He said, “My brother doesn’t want to go there.”
He said that his brother didn’t want to go there.
2）当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变成间接引语的口诀是：
直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。如：
He asked me: “ Do you like living here ” He asked me if I liked living there.
3）当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语的口诀是：
直接去引号，疑问词作引导，语序用陈述，时态、人称考虑好。如：
“What do you want ” he asked me. He asked me what I wanted.
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网
Unit 2 Getting Along
一. 本周教学内容：
Unit 2 Getting Along. Lesson 1
二. 重点、难点：
单词：
语音：
语法：直接引语与间接引语的转换：
一、如何变人称：
学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” →She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. “How is your sister now ”→ He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr. Smith said。 “Jack is a good worker。”→ Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)She said. “I have lost a pen.”→ She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. “We hope so.”→ She said they hoped so.
3) She said. “He will go to see his friend。”→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street ”
→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.”
→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, “I get up at six every morning。” →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. “You had better come here today.” →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that）,如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：
She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”→ She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, “Can you swim, John ” →He asked John if he could swim.
“You have finished the homework, haven’t you ” my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
“Do you go to school by bus or by bike ”
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, “When do they have their dinner ”→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为 “tell(ask, order, beg等) sb. (not) to do sth.”句型。
祈使句变为间接引语的规律
一改 （主句谓语动词）二变 （呼语为间接宾语）三加 （to）四去 （please）如：
“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
“Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she.→ She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：
He said, “Let’s go to the film.” →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
【巧学妙记】
直接引语变间接引语
（1）引语里的人称变化规律七字诀：一主，二宾，三不变。
直接引语变间接引语，在去掉引号后，凡引号内的第一人称应改成引号外主语的人称。第二人称应改成引号外的宾语的人称。第三人称则保留不变。但应注意不能改变原人称的数和格。单、复数和主格、宾格、所有格仍应与原人称一致，这一原则又叫只变人称不变数和格。如：She said, “I have to look after my brother at home.” She said that she had to look after her brother at home. 引号内的I应与引号外主语she保持一致，应改成she。引号内的my应与引号外主语she保持一致，但应改成所有格her。
（2）直接引语变间接引语口诀：
1）当直接引语为陈述句时，变成间接引语的口诀是：
去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。如：
He said, “My brother doesn’t want to go there.”
He said that his brother didn’t want to go there.
2）当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变成间接引语的口诀是：
直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。如：
He asked me: “ Do you like living here ” He asked me if I liked living there.
3）当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语的口诀是：
直接去引号，疑问词作引导，语序用陈述，时态、人称考虑好。如：
“What do you want ” he asked me. He asked me what I wanted.
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