英语：unit 11 vacations知识精讲2（北师大版七年级下）

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Unit 11 Vacations
一. 本周教学内容：
Unit 11 Vacations

二. 重点、难点：
1. 一般过去时一般疑问句的结构和用法
2. 一般过去时特殊疑问句的结构和用法

三. 具体内容：
（一）结构
一般过去时一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的结构和用法
1. 一般过去时陈述句结构：主语＋动词的过去式＋宾语＋状语
2. 一般过去时一般疑问句：Did ＋ 主语＋动词原形＋宾语＋状语
回答句：Yes, 主语＋did. / No, 主语＋didn’t.
3. 一般过去时特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般过去时一般疑问句除去提问的部分。
举例：陈述句肯定式－ I met him yesterday.
陈述句否定式－ I didn’t meet him yesterday.
一般疑问句－ Did you meet him yesterday
一般疑问句肯定式回答：Yes, I did.
否定式回答：No, I didn’t.
特殊疑问句：Who did you meet yesterday
When did you meet him
Where did you meet him yesterday

（二）用法
一般过去时动词主要表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内发生的动作或情况，其中包括习惯性动作，通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

（三）语言知识
1. research n.研究
scientific/medical research 科学/医学研究
They are carrying out/conducting/doing some fascinating research into/on the language of dolphins.
他们正在对海豚的语言进行一项有趣的研究。
market research 市场研究
Market research shows that demand for small cars will continue to grow.
市场研究显示对小型汽车的需求会继续增长。
2. dangerous a. 危险的
dangerous chemicals 危险化学品
It's dangerous to take more than the recommended dose of tablets.
过剂量服药是危险的。
dangerously ad. 危险地
He likes to live dangerously. 他喜欢置身于危险之中。
3. catch vt. 捉住；赶上 ( catch caught caught )
I managed to catch the glass before it hit the ground.
在玻璃杯掉到地上之前我设法抓住了它。
Two armed men were caught trying to cross the frontier at night.
两名武装的人在试图穿越国境的时候被抓住。
He caught her reading his letters.
他发现她正在读他的信。
I ran after her and managed to catch up with her.
我跑在她的后面，设法赶上她。
4. speak vi. 说，说话 ( speak spoke spoken)
“Can I speak to（mainly US）/ with Ian please ” “Speaking (=This is Ian)”
“我可以和Ian通电话么？”“请讲（我就是Ian）。”
She speaks very highly of (= says good things about) the new director.
她对这个新主管高度评价。
Sue speaks with an American accent.
Sue说话是美国口音。
5. understand v. 懂得，明白，理解 ( understand understood understood)
make oneself understood
Since they spoke only Japanese, we used signs and gestures to make ourselves understood.
因为他们只说日语，我们便用符号和手势使我们被他们理解。
I understand (that) you are interested in borrowing some money from us.
我知道你喜欢向我们借钱。
6. national a. 国家的，民族的
a national holiday 民族的节日
The government's view is that raising taxes now would not be in the national interest (= would not be good for the country).
政府的观点是现在提高税收不符合国家的利益。
7. dance vi. 跳舞
We went dancing at a nightclub.
我们去夜总会跳舞。
What sort of music do you like dancing to
你喜欢和着哪类的音乐跳舞？
Who was she dancing with at the party last night
昨晚在派对上她和谁在跳舞？
8. meet vt. 遇；相见 ( meet met met )
I met her in Hawaii.
我在夏威夷见到她。
Come and meet (= be introduced to) my friend Laura.
来认识一下我的朋友Laura。
9. believe vt. 相信，认为
He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence.
他认为所有的孩子生来都有一样的智力。
I believe her to be the finest violinist in the world.
我认为她是世界上最好的小提琴手。
10. island n. 岛
a desert island 荒岛
They live on the large Japanese island.
他们生活在日本最大的岛上。
11. carry vt. 拿；搬；运
She carried her tired child upstairs to bed.
她抱着疲惫的孩子上楼睡觉。
Thieves broke the shop window and carried off (= removed) jewellery worth thousands of pounds.
小偷打碎了商店的窗户，拿走了价值上千英镑的珠宝。
12. delicious a. 可口的，美味的，美妙的
a delicious cake 一个美味的蛋糕
I've got some delicious gossip. 我得到一些非常好的消息。
13. allow vt. 允许，准许
You're not allowed to talk during the exam.
考试的时候不可以说话。
He didn't allow us enough time to finish the test.
他不给我们足够的时间完成考试。
Smoking is not allowed in this restaurant.
餐厅里禁止吸烟。
14. hide vt. 把……隐藏起来；隐藏 ( hide hid hidden )
She used to hide her diary under her pillow.
她过去常常把日记藏在枕头下。
I like wearing sunglasses——I feel I can hide behind them.
我喜欢戴太阳镜——我觉得我可以躲在它的后面。
15. show vt. 给……看；出示；显示 ( show showed shown )
I must show you this new book I've just bought.
我一定要给你看我刚刚买的这本新书。
Why won't you show me what you've got in your hand
你为什么不告诉我你的手里拿的什么？
n. 展示，展览，展出
Why don't we go to London on Saturday and see a show
我们为什么不周六的时候去伦敦看场演出？
on show 在展出中
Her sculptures will be on show at the museum until the end of the month.
她的雕塑作品会一直在博物馆里展出直到这个月底。
16. leave v. 离开；把……留下；剩下（leave left left ）
I'll be leaving at five o'clock tomorrow.
我明天五点出发。
The bus leaves in five minutes.
汽车五分钟之后离开。
Can I leave a message for Sue
我可以给Sue留一个口信么？
Why don't you leave the kids with me on Friday
为什么周五的时候不把孩子留给我呢？

【典型例题】
例1. 将下列句子改为过去式。
（1）Ma Hua lives in this house.
（2）We shall leave Beijing next week.
（3）He will see you to the station tomorrow morning.
（4）It will rain hard tonight.
（5）Will your brother meet you
解析：
（1）Ma Hua lived in this house last year.
（2）We left Beijing last week.
（3）He saw you to the station yesterday morning.
（4）It rained hard last night.
（5）Did your brother meet you

例2. 用正确的时间状语完成下列句子。
（1）They came here（五一前）and I met them（三天前）.
（2）We entered middle school（大约五年前）.
（3）It was rather cold（春节以前）.
（4）Li Dong lived in Shanghai（一九四九年以前）.
（5）She made up her mind to retire only（几个小时以前）.
注：表示从现在算起的某一时间段落之前，用ago，如：a month ago（一个月前）。表示在某一时间点之前，用before，如：before 1976（一九七六年前）。
解析：
（1）before May Day, three days ago
（2）about five years ago
（3）before the Spring Festival
（4）before 1949
（5）a few hours ago
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