状语从句大解析
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课件29张PPT。状语从句状语从句地点状语从句
方式状语从句
比较状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
例子： Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。状语从句?定语从句?
We live in a place where the road crosses the river.方式状语从句(1)1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如…”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。方式状语从句(2)2） as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，例如： 1.They completely ignore these facts as if (as
though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。 2.He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by
lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。
（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。
（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
比较状语从句比较状语从句常用引导词：as…as…, not…as/so…as…,than，还有“the+比较级…the+比较级…”结构也可引导。
e.g. There are as many people in our town as in your town. 我们镇人口和你们镇的人口一样多。
e.g. His handwritings is not as good as yours.
他的书法不如你的好。
e.g. The sooner you are back, the better it will be.
你回来的越早越好。
e.g. He was more successful than we had expected.
他比我们想象的成功得多。原因状语从句(1)比较：because, since, as和for
1)because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
e.g. I didn't go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.原因状语从句(2)2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.原因状语从句(3)还可用于原因状语从句的短语引导词：now that, for the reason that, seeing that, in that 表‘既然’的意思。
e.g. Now that you are grown up, you should
not rely on your parents.
目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如： 1.You must speak louder so that /in order
that you can be heard by all. 2.He wrote the name down for fear that
(lest) he should forget it. 3.Better take more clothes in case the
weather is cold.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。 比较：so和 such 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。 such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。结果状语从句(2) so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。 so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many， a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配）结果状语从句(3)so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is so young a boy that he can‘t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.
条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, supposing (that), providing (that), provided (that), given (that)等。意思都为“假设，如果”之意。 if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。
unless = if not. Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
= If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.让步状语从句(1)though, although 注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 1.Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
2. He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
3.Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。让步状语从句(2)as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例：
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems…
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。让步状语从句(3)3) ever if, even though. 即使 We‘ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
即使天气很差，我们还是要去旅行。
4) whether…or… 不管……都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.让步状语从句(4)5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever" No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换： no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。时间状语从句引导词：when, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, the moment, the instant, immediately, each time, the first/last time, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…,scarcely…when…。Since的用法1.Since 1994, he have been a member of the Party.
2. Since引导的从句中若为延续性动词，意为某一状态的终止。
e.g. He has often written to me since he
was ill.
e.g. It has been a year since I worked here.自从病好以后，他就经常给我写信。我不在这里工作已经有一年了比较while, when, as1）as, when 可引导短暂性或延续性动作的动词。
While从句中动词只能是延续性的。
e.g. Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
e.g. The phone rang while I was taking a bath.
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
e.g. When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3）从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。
e.g. As the day went on, the weather got worse. 时间状语从句：the moment有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句：the?minute,?the?moment,?every?time,?the?first?time。
1.The?moment?he?reached?the?country,?he?started?his?
search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。
2.Every?time?I?saw?the?straw?hat,?it?reminded?me?oftour?I?made?years?before. 每当我看到那顶草帽，它就使我想起几年前的那次旅游。
3. I?thought?her?nice?and?honest?the?first?time?I?met?her.
我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善。时间状语从句：directly 有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句：
Directly?the?master?came?in,?everyone?was?quiet.
校长一进来，?大家就安静下来。
The?young?lady?rushed?into?the?room?immediately?she?heard?the?noise.
那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。比较until和till(1)此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“一直到…”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直到…才…“。 动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。比较until和till(2)肯定句： I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替：
Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）
否定句： She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.
直到你教我后，我才会做。比较until和till(3) Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
比较until和till(4)注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。 (2) It is not until… that…
It is not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 表示"一…就…"的结构 hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，例： 1.I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 2.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain
方式状语从句
比较状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
例子： Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。状语从句?定语从句?
We live in a place where the road crosses the river.方式状语从句(1)1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如…”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。方式状语从句(2)2） as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，例如： 1.They completely ignore these facts as if (as
though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。 2.He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by
lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。
（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。
（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
比较状语从句比较状语从句常用引导词：as…as…, not…as/so…as…,than，还有“the+比较级…the+比较级…”结构也可引导。
e.g. There are as many people in our town as in your town. 我们镇人口和你们镇的人口一样多。
e.g. His handwritings is not as good as yours.
他的书法不如你的好。
e.g. The sooner you are back, the better it will be.
你回来的越早越好。
e.g. He was more successful than we had expected.
他比我们想象的成功得多。原因状语从句(1)比较：because, since, as和for
1)because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
e.g. I didn't go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.原因状语从句(2)2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.原因状语从句(3)还可用于原因状语从句的短语引导词：now that, for the reason that, seeing that, in that 表‘既然’的意思。
e.g. Now that you are grown up, you should
not rely on your parents.
目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如： 1.You must speak louder so that /in order
that you can be heard by all. 2.He wrote the name down for fear that
(lest) he should forget it. 3.Better take more clothes in case the
weather is cold.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。 比较：so和 such 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。 such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。结果状语从句(2) so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。 so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many， a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配）结果状语从句(3)so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is so young a boy that he can‘t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.
条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, supposing (that), providing (that), provided (that), given (that)等。意思都为“假设，如果”之意。 if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。
unless = if not. Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
= If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.让步状语从句(1)though, although 注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 1.Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
2. He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
3.Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。让步状语从句(2)as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例：
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems…
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。让步状语从句(3)3) ever if, even though. 即使 We‘ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
即使天气很差，我们还是要去旅行。
4) whether…or… 不管……都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.让步状语从句(4)5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever" No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换： no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。时间状语从句引导词：when, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, the moment, the instant, immediately, each time, the first/last time, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…,scarcely…when…。Since的用法1.Since 1994, he have been a member of the Party.
2. Since引导的从句中若为延续性动词，意为某一状态的终止。
e.g. He has often written to me since he
was ill.
e.g. It has been a year since I worked here.自从病好以后，他就经常给我写信。我不在这里工作已经有一年了比较while, when, as1）as, when 可引导短暂性或延续性动作的动词。
While从句中动词只能是延续性的。
e.g. Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
e.g. The phone rang while I was taking a bath.
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
e.g. When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3）从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。
e.g. As the day went on, the weather got worse. 时间状语从句：the moment有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句：the?minute,?the?moment,?every?time,?the?first?time。
1.The?moment?he?reached?the?country,?he?started?his?
search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。
2.Every?time?I?saw?the?straw?hat,?it?reminded?me?oftour?I?made?years?before. 每当我看到那顶草帽，它就使我想起几年前的那次旅游。
3. I?thought?her?nice?and?honest?the?first?time?I?met?her.
我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善。时间状语从句：directly 有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句：
Directly?the?master?came?in,?everyone?was?quiet.
校长一进来，?大家就安静下来。
The?young?lady?rushed?into?the?room?immediately?she?heard?the?noise.
那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。比较until和till(1)此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“一直到…”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直到…才…“。 动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。比较until和till(2)肯定句： I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替：
Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）
否定句： She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.
直到你教我后，我才会做。比较until和till(3) Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
比较until和till(4)注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。 (2) It is not until… that…
It is not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 表示"一…就…"的结构 hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，例： 1.I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 2.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain