课件35张PPT。听力专项训练第一节 题型解读目录contents考纲分析解题技巧 考纲要求听能够根据语调和重音理解说话人的意图。能够借助语境克服生词障碍,理解语篇大意。能够听懂熟悉话题的谈话,捕捉语篇中的有效信息。能够在听的过程中用适当的方式作出反应。能够针对所听的语段内容记录简单的信息。从近几年广东省中考考查的情况来看,听力理解题主要要求考生能听懂有关日常生活、文化教育、风土人情、时事、人物、科普等的简短对话或独白;掌握所听材料的主旨和中心思想以及与话题中心相关的具体事实信息;能理解讲话或对话的意思并能根据所听材料对说话的背景、说话人之间的关系、说话人的意图、观点或态度进行推断。听力理解的题型包括4部分内容,如下表: 鉴于听力测试的特殊性,答听力题要按“览、听、思、写”的顺序快速地进行。“览”是浏览,听录音前一定要先快速地浏览一下试题,做到“心中有数”。“听”是听录音,听时一定要聚精会神,要听清,并善于捕捉关键信息,如who,which,what,where,when,why等。“思”是动脑筋判断,理解所听内容的含义,找到问题与录音内容的内在联系,确定正确答案。“写”是动笔在试卷上选择答案、填写单词或词组等。整个做题过程既要有速度,又要细心。要能做到又快又准,平时要多进行训练,“耳濡目染”,应试时才能“闻其声”、“知其意”,加之技巧娴熟,定能取得听力测试的好成绩。【例1】(2016广东)A.听单句话,根据所听句子的内容和所提的问题,选择符合题意的图画回答问题。
( ) 1.Where is the chair?
A录音:I can see a chair in the middle of the small room.
解析:答好听句子选图的主要方法是:充分利用听前时间,快速浏览一下图片的主要内容; 仔细观察图片的内容和不同点,弄清图片中的人物、事件、背景及行为等; 听的过程中,要尽快抓住听力材料中的关键词或短语,把图片和录音联系起来,确定答案。本题在听录音时要抓住“in the middle”这个关键短语。
【例2】(2016广东)B.听对话,回答每段对话后面的问题,在各题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
听第七段对话,回答第13~15小题。
( ) 13.Why did the woman come back to the bookstore?
A.She left her bag in the store.
B.She forgot to pay for the books.
C.She got the wrong bag with her.
A
( ) 14.How many books did the woman buy?
A.One. B.Four. C.Six.
( ) 15.What did the man do at last?
A.He paid for the books for the woman.
B.He changed the bag for the woman.
C.He returned the bag to the woman.CB录音:
M:Excuse me,Madam. I see you’re back again. What can I do for you?
W: I bought some books here half an hour ago, but I forgot to take my bag with me.
M: What’s inside your bag?
W: Nothing much. The four books I bought, a small watch and six postcards.
M: Is your bag black and white with a picture of tiny sheep on it?
W: That’s right.
M: Good. Here is your bag.参考答案:
13.A 本题要求考生答出这位女士为什么回到书店。关键句是:“but I forgot to take my bag with me.”答案选A。
14.B 本题要求考生答出这位买了几本书,此题较难,有不少考生错选C。关键信息是:“The four books I bought”答案选B。
15.C 本题要求考生答出录音中的男士最后做了什么。关键句是:“Good. Here is your bag.”,答案选C。解析:对话理解题的一般解题思路是:
1.听前分析、了解信息、把握话题。
听音前先快速浏览所给的书面材料,通过分析比较,可以从中得到某些信息和提示,从而预测和把握对话的话题和中心内容。
2.静听对话、捕捉信息、适当记录。
在对各选项进行分析、预测了对话的主题后,要以对话人角色进入语境,静听双方所说的话。在听懂大意的同时,有的放矢地捕捉关键信息,必要时做些适当记录,以便作为判断依据。听音过程中对那些显而易见的答案要当机立断,及时作出正确选择。3.合理推测、善于取舍、核对复查。
听完对话录音后,要善于就对话中各种已知信息相互间联系进行合理推测判断,侧重于特定情景对话中的语义理解,经过分析处理,排除音、形、义上与对话内容相近的干扰项,通过合理取舍,选定正确答案。最后再对每一选定的答案进行核对复查,确保无误。【例3】(2016广东)C.听独白,请根据所听内容,在每小题所给的三个选项中,选出一个能完成句子的最佳答案。
( ) 16.Jack went to see Kung Fu Panda 3 ___________.
A.last Sunday morning
B.last Sunday afternoon
C.last Sunday evening
( ) 17.Jack saw a ___________bird on his way to the cinema.
A.black B.brown C.blueBC( ) 18.There was something wrong with the bird’s ___________.
A.left leg B.left foot C.left wing
( ) 19.To save the bird,Jack took it to ___________.
A.a pet hospital B.his home C.the zoo
( ) 20.There were ___________steps of treatment for the bird.
A.two B.three C.fourCBA录音:
Jack is a 15- year-old boy. He is a bird lover, and he always likes to do something for the birds. Last Sunday afternoon, he wanted to see Kung Fu Panda 3. On his way to the cinema, a blue bird suddenly fell off a tree on the side of the street. It tried to fly away, but failed. Jack stopped, and went up to see what was happening. After looking over the bird, he found something wrong with its left wing. 录音:
It needed help. But Jack didn’t have any medicine with him at that time. He had to take the bird home at once. As soon as he got home, Jack cleaned the wound with some water. Then he put some medicine on the wound. After everything was done, Jack left the bird at home and went to the cinema. Although he missed the beginning of the film, he was happy because he saved a bird.参考答案:
16.B 本题要求考生回答Jack去看电影《功夫熊猫3》的时间。捕捉到关键句:“Last Sunday afternoon, he wanted to see Kung Fu Panda 3.”[WT]答案选B。
17. C 本文要求考生回答出Jack在去看电影的路上看到的是什么颜色的鸟。捕捉到关键句:“On his way to the cinema, a blue bird suddenly fell off a tree on the side of the street.”答案选C。
18.C 本题要求考生回答那只鸟的哪个部位受伤了。捕捉到关键信息:“After looking over the bird, he found something wrong with its left wing.”答案选C。19.B 本题要求考生回答出Jack把鸟带到哪里去救治。捕捉到关键句:“He had to take the bird home at once.”答案选B。
20.A 本题要求考生回答出一共分了几步救治鸟儿。根据文章材料才能作出准确判断。听完录音后,我们可知Jack分两步救治鸟儿,此题难度较大。关键信息:“As soon as he got home, Jack cleaned the wound with some water. Then he put some medicine on the wound.”答案选A。解析:听独白的一般解题思路是:
1.仔细审题、捕捉信息、预测内容。
听音前要充分利用间隙时间,浏览该题有关的书面材料,将捕捉到的信息,通过分析、推理,推测该短文可能涉及的内容,进一步预测问题可能从哪几方面提出,这样就可做到带着问题去听录音,减少盲目性。
2.边听边记、简要记录、突破难点。
在第一遍听音时要边听边记,对关键词语做简要记录,重点记清有关时间、地点、人物、情节等具体细节,以便为答题提供依据。对于显而易见的答案可以随手作答,而对于一时难以判定的,要对包含其解题信息的有关内容予以特别关注。3.联想推理、正确判定、复查验证。
第二遍听音时,根据对听音全文的理解,结合所记录的有关信息对各道试题作出正确的判定。如果在短文中找不出直接的答案,应用联想推理的办法,通过分析比较、综合概括作出符合逻辑的选择。选定答案后还要逐题复查验证,以减少差错。【例4】(2016广东)D.听填信息,你将听到的是有关骑车上班日的广播节目,请你根据所听内容,填写下面的信息卡。短文听两遍。FM 108.3Maypopular61%keep fit录音:
You’re now listening to FM 108.3. This is our 7 o’clock evening program World Today . In today’s program we’re going to talk about Bike to Work Day in the United States. In many cities across the country, May 20th is Bike to Work Day. The day encourages people to try bicycling to work instead of driving a car or taking a bus. Biking has become more and more popular now. According to a website report on cycling, the number of bikers in the United States has grown by 61%. Bike riding is good for your health. Recent research says that three hours of biking a week can help people keep fit. It is cheaper than other kinds of transportation and it is also good for the environment. Get on your bicycle and hit the road now! To create a cleaner world, let’s also bike to work!参考答案:
21.本题要求学生回答节目名称。捕捉关键句“You’re now listening to FM 108.3.”可知答案是FM 108.3。
22.本题要求学生回答“骑车上班日”的时间。捕捉关键句“In many cities across the country, May 20th is Bike to Work Day.”可知答案是May。
23.本题要求学生回答骑车上班的现状。捕捉关键句“Biking has become more and more popular.”可知答案是popular。24.本题要求学生回答骑车上班的人数的变化。捕捉关键句“According to a website report on cycling, the number of bikers in the United States has grown by 61%.”可知答案是61%。
25.本题要求学生回答骑车上班的优点。捕捉关键句“Recent research says that three hours of biking a week can help people keep fit.”可知答案是keep fit。 解析:
“听填信息”重点考查学生对短文或长篇对话的理解能力。信息量大,涉及的语言文化背景也较为广泛。考试的基本内容大多涉及:校园生活、课堂教学、图书借阅、饭店生活、医院看病、车站问路、商店售物等。 同学们普遍感到听取信息比听对话和听独白要难,原因在于做题时,不仅要听,还要知道哪些内容要填,而且还要会正确拼写那些需要填的单词。不过如果掌握了以下方法,听取信息其实也并不那么难了。1.预测内容
在听录音之前,要快速浏览题干内容,特别是前面的提示内容和表格的第一行和第一列,预测对话或短文的话题,并根据表格确定要获取哪方面的信息。方法是:先进行信息的猜测,锁定几个可能填的词,再根据所听到的录音就可以确定要填的词。比如第22题可以猜测飞机延误、推迟起飞等的原因一般是大风暴,大雾、大雨等,先在大脑中锁定几个猜测的词如rain, fog, storm 等,第23小题与交通方式有关,先猜答案为bus或taxi等。2.信息定位
在听第一次录音时,注意信息定位。后面的表述根据内容进行调整:如第21小题是填事故的发生,与动作有关, 在一开始的时候就警觉一些。而第25小题与电话号码有关,信息出现的时候就马上记住!如果没能听出来,等听第二次录音就要特别留神了。3.学会记录
听第一遍录音时要全神贯注地边听边顺着题干内容走,当听到空格处要快速记下需填的内容。速记的技巧是:时间和数量等用阿拉伯数字,人名地名用代号,单位用缩写符号,短语用首字母,有的可用中文,甚至可用只有你自己才能认得出的简图或符号。
如:fifty dollars记作$50;
more than 28记作28+;
less than 17记作17-;
上午用a.m.;下午用p.m.;
water记作w~ 等等。4.绝不留空
如果答案需要两个单词,你只会其中的一个也一定要写上这一个;如果对答案的某个单词拼写没有十分把握,也应填上。因为即使不完全准确,但若基本上表达了所需要的信息,照样给分。
5.单词熟练
空格中要填的单词通常是常用词,也包括了考生易写错的单词。填完之后,要结合全句及全文分析所填单词是否正确。可从语态、时态、单复数、前后缀、大小写、单数第三人称和名词所有格等方面去核对。
同学们除了掌握解题技巧外,平时还应注意多积累相关必备基础知识。
如:1.时间表达方式
2.学科的名称
3.表示数目的单词
4.年代表达方式
5.十二个月份、日期、星期
6.四个季节
7.金钱的表达方式
8.常见地名的拼写
9.国家和国籍谢
谢
观
看
!