专题五 动词和动词词组
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专题五 动词和动词词组
超级预测
知识预测
五年高考有关动词和动词词组考点分布
考点年份 词语辨析 短语辨析
2005年 10 14
2006年 9 17
2007年 1l 16
2008年 11 15
2009年 9 13
合计 50 75
动词是英语中的第一大词，是组成句子的“骨架”，也是英语语言中最具表现力的语块之一，动词和动词词组是每年高考的必考内容之一。英语中动词的词义丰富，用法灵活，不易掌握。所以，动词及其短语一直都是教学中的重点和难点，同时也是高考的热点。在历年的高考中，涉及动词的考点所占比重很大。高考题主要从以下几个方面对动词和动词词组进行考查：
1．get，turn，make，put，go，give，break，cut，come，look，keep，bring，show，pick，hold，fall，carry，pull，catch，call，take；
2．动词的及物性与不及物性，如open，wash，write等；
3．被动形式中英汉表达的不同，如seat，hide等；21世纪教育网
4．感观动词用作系动词，如feel，look，sound等；
5．同义词、近义词的辨析。21世纪教育网
能力预测
动词是英语的脊柱，是最能体现英语特征的词类。对英语动词语法和语义的整体感悟能力是对英语语言整体感悟能力的前提和关键。对动词及动词短语的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是学生学习中的难点，因此每年均为测试的重点。2010年高考也将继续重视把动词和动词短语的区别放在鲜活的语境中进行考查，因此，应高度重视以下几个方面：
1．易混的基础动词及其短语：
2．与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法：
3．部分基础动词及其短语的较高级用法。
超值储备
知识能力储备
知识点总结一 中学阶段重点动词及动词短语归纳
1．add
(1)If you add 5 to 5，you get l0．把……加到……上面
Five added to five is／makes l0．
(2)ne balloons added to the festival atmosphere．增加
(3)His whole school education added up to no more than one year．加起来总共
Add up the numbers，and you will get ll55．加……
2．agree
(1)agree on就……达成共识21世纪教育网
(2)agree to do sth．同意做(某事)
(3)agree to the plan／decision／arrangement同意
(4)I don’t agree with you／what you said／your advice．同意
The climate here doesn’t agree with me．(食物、天气等)适合某人
Your story agrees with what I have already heard．和……一致
3．break
(1)I am sorry that I broke my promise．违背，违反21世纪教育网
break one’s word(2 promise)／break the law／break the rule
(2)His health broke．(身体或精神)垮了
(3)He broke away from all his old friends．断绝来往，脱离
I should break away from such habits．改掉(习惯)
(4)All our plans broke down．
The peace talks have broken down．(计划、谈判等)失败21世纪教育网
Her health broke down under the pressure of work =become very bad)．被搞垮，垮掉
Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances．分解
The telephone system has broken down．
(机器或车辆)出故障；坏掉
(5)The thieves planned to break into a bank．
闯入，破门进人
(6)The Second World War broke out in September 1939．爆发21世纪教育网
(7)After midnight，the party broke up．散(会)
(8)I broke up the candy and gave each child a small piece．分开
The crowd broke up．分开，分散
(9)broken English蹩脚英语21世纪教育网
(10)Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the lines of the police．突破
4．bring
(1)He brought about a quarrel between his parents．引起，造成
She made every effort to bring about a peaceful solution to the problem．实现
(2)Electricity lines were brought down by falling trees or branches．使倒下
bring down prices降低(价格)
(3)The sale brought in over$200．赚得21世纪教育网
(4)Dirt often brings on disease．引起
The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely．
使成长更快，使提高
(5)Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase 讲解清楚
(6)Joe was born in Texas but brought up in Oklahoma．抚养21世纪教育网
He was so ill that he brought叩everythin9．呕吐
(7)This brought me into touch with various kinds of workers．(和各种名词连用)使进入某种状态21世纪教育网
(8)Please bring forward the matter at the next meeting．提出
They have brought the meeting forward to next Monday．提前，提早
5．call
(1)The trouble calls for quick action by the government．要求
1 will call for you at five o'clock．来找某人
We called for the packages at the post office．来取某物
(2)I formed the habit of calling in on him／calling in at his office in the afternoon．顺便拜访
(3)Your father is ill．You should call in a doctor at once．找来，请来
(4)People don’t like being called names．骂人
(5)They’ve called off the game because of the thick fog．取消
(6)He called upon me to speak immediately after him．请(叫)(某人做某事)
I called on the people of this country to work hard for nationalunity．号召
(7)A notice displayed in the shop window called attention to the recent increase in prices．引起……的注意21世纪教育网
(8)The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths．召集
(9)call up；give sb．a call；make a call(a long-distance call)
6．carry
(1)He had learned enough German to carry on a conversation．进行
(2)One person should carry on where the other had left off．进行下去
(3)1 was chosen to carry out our experiment．进行
He did not carry out his promise to us．履行
(4)The work is tough，but it is the person to carry it through(=to complete sth．successfully)．顺利完成，顺利实现21世纪教育网
7．come
(1)How come that you didn’t get here in time (用于引申意义)发生某情况
(2)He came to realize that he was mistaken．表示动作逐渐变化的过程
(3)My dream has come true．变成现实
(4)He talked about his coming trip to the United States．即将到来的
(5)How did the accident come about 发生，造成
(6)I came across(came upon／ran across)this book in an old bookstore on the Fourth Avenue．无意中碰到，找到
He came suddenly across an idea．(无意中)想到
(7)He just asked me to come round for supper．到这儿来
(8)Come along／on! Arthur，we can't wait all day!快点
Come along! Someone must know the answer to my question．快说
(9)This paper comes out every Friday．出版
I think the roses will come out next week．开花，发芽
I came out first in the examination．21世纪教育网
考试结果……；考第……名21世纪教育网
(10)The bill comes to$5．总计
When it comes to mathematics，I know nothing about it．谈到，涉及
(11)The robbery did not come to light until the next day．被发现，被大家知道
(12)The question hasn't come up yet．被提出
He came up with all idea．提出
(13)come to oneself苏醒过来；come to an end结束；come into effect(force)生效；come to a conclusion(decision)作出结论(决定)；come into being(existence)开始存在、建立、产生；come into power开始执政
8．care
(1)I don’t care what they say．I shall go on just the same．在乎，在意
(2)If you care to hear it，1 will tell it to you．愿意
(3)Albert Einstein cared little for money．He was seen using a cheque for$1，500 as a bookmark．喜欢
Would you care for a cup of coffee (=Would you like… )(礼貌用语)你喜欢／要……吗
(4)He cared about money．喜欢21世纪教育网
The professor said that he was interested only in research；he didn't care about his students．关心
(5)The mother cared for the sick child day and night．照顾，照料
(6)In this way，we could give them timely medical care．医疗护理
9．catch
(1)catch fire(=to start burning着火)
(2)catch one，s breath缓口气，歇口气
(3)That car caught his eyes／attention．引起注意21世纪教育网
(4)The police caught him stealing a car．(=to discover suddenly and by surprise especially when someone is doing something bad)撞见，突然发现
(5)That style has never caught on in China．(=become popular)流行
(6)He was caught in the rain．(=be stuck in)被困扰
Her skin got caught in the door．(=be hooked in)被钩住
(7)I suddenly caught sight of him in the crowd．看见
10．clear
(1)She made it clear that she would support Australia．清楚，明白，明确
(2)After the storm the sky cleared．晴朗起来
(3)The waitress will clear away these dishes in a moment．收走
How can we clear away these doubts 消除，清除
(4)The weather has cleared up；we Can go out．晴朗起来，开朗起来
(5)You’11 have to clear up the things on the table before we have tea．整理，收拾
11．compare
(1)Car production rose by 25％，compared to／with the first 3 months of this year．和……相比
Last year the rate of death was 2％．compared with／to 5％ the year before last．和……相比
Compared to／with many women，she was indeed very fortunate．和……相比
Compare this with that．and you will see which is better．把……和……相比
(2)It was a small place，compared to what it is now．和……相比
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage．把……比作……21世纪教育网
12．cover
(1)They covered l2 miles yesterday．走完(一段路程)
How many pages have you covered看完(多少页书)
The city covered ten square miles．有(多大面积)
The professor's talk covered the subject．谈到，涉及
The best reporters were sent to cover the 27th Olympic Games．报道，采访
(2)The mountain was covered with snow all the year round．覆盖着……
13．cut
(1)cut off切断，切下来；cut out戒掉，不吃；cut in插嘴；cut切碎；a short cut捷径
(2)They want to cut down a large forest in this area．砍掉
George is trying to cut his weight down．削减，减少
(3)The army was called in to cut through the fallen trees on the road．锯断，剪断，凿穿21世纪教育网
14．deal21世纪教育网
I'd rather deal with a man than a woman．Women are sharp．和……打交道
I'm used to dealing with matters of this sort．处理
This book deals with questions on politics．论述，谈论
What shop do you deal with 和……做买卖
15．die
(1)As a result，many Westerners die at an early age of heart disease．
die from死于……(除疾病或情感以外的原因)
die from an accident／the polluted air／a bad habit die of die of illness／a fever／hunger／sadness
死于……(指疾病、情感、饥寒、年老等原因) 21世纪教育网
(2)Ronny’s steps had died away／down，and there was a moment of silence．(指风、声、光)消逝
The wind has died away／down again．平息21世纪教育网
(3)It is thought that between the years l550 and l950 an average of one kind of living thing died out each year．灭绝，不复存在
(4)I'm dying for something to eat(=have a strong desire for sth.)．极想；渴望21世纪教育网
16．do
(1)一I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English．
一N0，you’re doing fine．(工作、学习、生活、生长等)情况(好)
I'm happy in my work in the garden．I'm doing well．
Will it do if we let you have an answer by Friday 行，够，合适，可以，凑合
Please do up these books and post them for Mr．Smith．包，扎，系，捆
(2)Let's do up this room first．整理，收拾21世纪教育网
(3)They tried to do away with slavery．废除
(4)Mary has done herself up for the party．梳妆打扮
(5)do one’s hair做头发；do the room打扫房间；do the bed铺床；do wrong to sb．使某人受委屈；do business做生意，做买卖；do right做得好；do wron9做错事，做坏事
(6)have something／nothing／anything／a lot to do with
与……有些／没有／有什么／有很大关系
17．end
(1)Even if none of this is true for us today，it is probable that one day we will end up with a disability．以……告终
We ended up the dinner with fruit and coffee．以……而结束
If you drive your ear like that，you’11 end up in hospital．最后(有某种结局)，最后(成了)
(2)The politician finally ended up his speech．结束
(3)The match ended in a win for us．以……告终，结果……
(4)It rained for three days on end．(=continuously)一连
(5)We must put an end to this foolish behavior．结束，制止
(6)The meeting came to an end at last．结束21世纪教育网
18．fall
(1)We can't afford to fall behind our competitors in using the new technology．
我们再也不能在使用新技术方面落后于我们的竞争对手了。
(2)She has fallen in love with him／the dress．
她已经爱上他了／喜欢上了那条连衣裙。
(3)Where does the plan fall down (=fail or to be ineffective失败，不起作用)
(4)This topic falls naturally into three sections．(=be divided into被分成)
(5)I awl quite happy to fall in with you／your suggestions．(=agree with or to)赞同
19．fix
(1)fix(on)a time for sth．约定时间干某事
Let’s fix a time for discussion．
They’ve fixed the time and date for the party．
(2)fix one’s eyes on注视
He fixed his eyes on the clock．21世纪教育网
(3)fix one’s attention on注意
(4)fix修理，整理，做(饭)，沏(茶)
fix supper／fix tea／fix the broken machine
20．follow
You should follow the rules of the lab when you’re doing experiments．遵循，听从，依照……行事
The child follows her mother about all day long．跟随
Follow this road until you get to the church．沿着……(走)
May follows April．接着发生，跟着到来
Do you follow what I'm saying 听懂，理解
21．get
(1)The operator finally got me through．给…接通电话
He has got through$1，000 in less than a year．用完
John has got through the examination．通过
I’ll be with you as soon as I get through this work．做完
(2)The stow has got round--everybody knows about it．消息传开；走动，到处旅行
(3)My work is getting along better now．进展，进行
(4)She didn't get away until nine last night．走开，离开21世纪教育网
The bank robbers used a stolen ear to get away．逃走，跑掉
(5)Now he was dead。and I could not get away from my sadness．摆脱
(6)He got down and began to pray．跪下，弯腰
(7)Don’t you think it’s time we got down to business 开始认真做某事
(8)At what time do you get off(from)work 下(班)
(9)He used to be afraid of heights but he has got over that now．克服，摆脱(某种情绪)
22．give21世纪教育网
(1)He gave away most of his fortune to the poor．送给，分发
They suspected(怀疑)that the secret had been given away by one of their friends．泄露(机密)
(2)I hope the holiday will give him back his good spirits．恢复健康
(3)He has given in to my views．向……让步，投降
(4)The gas gave off an unpleasant smell．散发出
(5)He gave his life to the study of art．把生命献给……
(6)Please give my regards／greetings／love／wishes／thanks to Miss Smith．代……向……问好(表示喜欢、祝愿、谢意) 21世纪教育网
(7)The teacher gave out the examination papers．散发，颁发
It was given out that the Prime Minister had died suddenly．宣布
The cowboy gave out a yell．发出(声音)
(8)After two days our food gave out，and we had to return to the camp．被用完
The swimmer gave out after ten laps．(人)体力不支
His strength gave out at last．耗尽
(9)Billy kept asking his mother if he could go to the movies and she finally gave way．妥协，屈从
(10)I've given up smokin9．放弃，中止21世纪教育网
23．go
(1)But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year，you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good．违背
(2)一How is everything going
一Things are going very well．进行，进展
The engine went beautifully．运转
How does the old saying go 怎么说的
(3)111e black hair was going grey．变得
(4)That is to say，the doctor's been gone two hours and thirteen minutes．不在，走了
(5)If you think you can solve the problem，go ahead． 开始(做某事)
Go ahead；we’re all listening．开始(做某事)
Work is going ahead．进行，进展
一May I start 一Yes，go ahead．表“同意”
(6)News of the plane crash went around like wildlife．传开
(7)Time went by quickly．过去，经过
(8)Shares have gone down again by ten points．
(价格等)下跌，(温度等)下降 21世纪教育网
(9)She had no time to go deeply into the matter just then．
调查，了解，研究
(10)What is going on out there 发生，(活动)进行
(11)Why not buy some English tapes and some books to go with them 相配，和……交朋友
(12)When smokers who are used to nicotine 90’without it for an hour or two，they begin to feel bad．不吃，不用
(13)Let me have a go at fixing it．试一试
(14)My family goes back 300 years，while his family goes back to the l5th century．追溯；从过去某个时候延续至今
(15)He always likes to go back to his younger days．回顾
(16)Go over your work before you hand it in．仔细检查，反复研究，仔细琢磨
(17)He doesn’t go in for team games．对某事有兴趣，爱好
24．hand
(1)When he writes，he always keeps a dictionary at hand．在手边，在跟前
The examinations are at hand．就要到来了，不远了21世纪教育网
(2)My shoes were made by hand．手工的
(3)Could you give me a hand with this parcel 帮一下忙
(4)This custom has been handed down since the l8th century．传下来，传给
(5)The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson．发给，散发
(6)The thief was handed over to the police．移交
(7)on the one hand…on the other(on the other hand)…一方面……另一方面……
(8)hand in上交
25．hold
(1)She held back，not knowing what to do or say．犹豫不决
(2)Don’t hold anything back，you must tell me everything．隐瞒，不公布
If they hadn’t held him back。he would have beaten you．阻碍，阻止
(3)I made my choice and l will hold on to the end．坚持(下去)
You should hold on to your oil share．不送或不卖(某物) 21世纪教育网
(4)He asked me to hold on while he left t}le telephone to find a pencil．别挂(电话)
(5)Could he hold out in spite of the difficulty 坚持(抵抗)，顶住(压力)
(6)The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question．举起
A lot of cars were held叩in the accident．使耽搁，使停顿
(7)hold office任职；hold one’s position担任某个职位
(8)hold：keep sb．／sth．in a particular manner or position
使某人或某物处于某种状态或位置
Please hold yourself still while I take your photograph．保持不动
He held a cigarette between his lips．他的嘴上叼着香烟。
(9)They held their heads up and walked into the hall．趾高气扬
26．keep
(1)Will this meat keep until tomorrow 保持
(2)He keeps away from liquor and tobacco．
不沾，避开，不接近21世纪教育网
(3)The Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away．保持一定距离
(4)He may be telling the truth but he is keeping something back．隐瞒(不讲)
Finally，he did not give her the right change，but kept back five pounds．扣留
(5)You have to be home by 11 o'clock．Keep that in mind。Bob．记在心里
(6)Keep off t}le grass．勿踩，勿踏
(7)He didn't stop runnin9．He just kept on．继续(干)，坚持(干)
Keep on until you reach the traffic lights．继续前进
(8)ne coat should keep out the cold．挡住，使进不去
They have shut the door and meant to keep us out．不要进来
(9)You should keep out of these things．不牵扯进去
(10)I hope such fine weather will keep up
继续(下去)，持续(下去) 21世纪教育网
(11)We've kept up our friendship for over twenty years now．保持
The good news keeps up our spirits．保持高昂情绪
(12)I can’t keep up with all the changes．(与……)齐步前进，并驾齐驱，跟上
(13)I hope the rain keeps off．(雨、雪)暂时停止
27．1ook
(1)As I look back upon those years，I am struck by Annie’s wisdom．回顾，回想
(2)I've been looking into this matter this afternoon．调查
(3)Two men were fighting．The rest were looking on．旁观
(4)When you’re eating fish，look out for bones．当心，小心
We've been looking out for a new house，but the ones we've seen are all too expensive．留心找某物
(5)Look up the word in the dictionary．查寻，查找21世纪教育网
1 want to look my uncle up sometime．看望，拜访
(6)She looked through her notes before the examination．浏览
28．make
(1)make good use of／make full use of充分利用
We should make good／full use of water to produce electricity．
(2)He had a gift for thinking up ways of making political points．提出政治观点
(3)Both husband and wife had to work to make ends meet．使收支平衡
(4)After years as an unsuccessful businessman．he’s finally made it．成功
(5)Can you make out what that object is on the other side of the valley 弄清楚，看出
It isn't difficult to make out his ideas．理解，明白21世纪教育网
(6)The explanation in the school book makes no sense，because the words are hard．讲不通，没意义，不能被理解
Can you make SENSE of what he says 理解
(7)We must make the most of．the fine weather．充分利用
(8)The teacher asked the children to make up a story about a trip to the moon．编，创造
(9)Mary had to make up for the time she missed in school when she was sick，by studying very hard．弥补
(10)ne actors were making up when we arrived．打扮21世纪教育网
(11)The team is made up of nine players．由……组成
(12)Is that the right time I made it later．估计
He’s making three hundred a year．赚得，赢得
He’11 make a good lawyer．(有条件)成为
I think I could make it 8：30 if that’s all right for you．定在(某时间)
29．mean
(1)Smoke usually means fire．意味着
Your friendship means a great deal to me．有意义，有价值21世纪教育网
But I don’t believe he means any harm．有……意图
(2)His parents meant him for a teacher．
准备让……干某工作
This picture is meant for me．
打算给(谁)
This room was meant for the workers’reading room．打算(做什么用)
(3)What do you mean by coming here this morning 你……是什么意思
30．meet
(1)It takes 80 years for Mediterranean water to be changed with Atlantic water．as there is one narrow entrance where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic．与……汇合
The house stands where three roads meet．汇合21世纪教育网
In order to meet his expenses，he had to do extra work at night．满足
To join the army，one must meet certain physical standards．符合(要求)
A policeman could meet danger any minute of his working day．碰到，遭到
(2)In the woods，he met with two strangers．遇见，碰到
31．operate
(1)The lift was not operating properly．(机器)开动，(工厂)开工21世纪教育网
The medicine operated quickly．起作用
(2)The company operates two factories．管理(工厂)
(3)He operated on the baby’s throat and saved its life．给……做手术
32．pay
(1)Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter．参观
(2)It’s high time he paid me back the$100 he owes me．偿还
(3)How much did you pay for the book 为……而付款
(4)I'll pay off my debt with this check．还清
(5)Did your plan pay off 成功
(6)It pays to invest in protective clothing．收益，得到好处
33．pick
(1)She picked up the little book and gave it to him．拾起
He has picked up some bad habits in that club．沾染21世纪教育网
He picked up French while he was staying in Paris．(非正式)学到
Pick me up at the hotel．接(人)
This loom must be picked up before the guests arrive．整理，收拾
The class picked up the story where they had left it．继续讲(故事)
We picked up the radio signals on our receiver．接收
(2)Have you picked out the movie you want to see 挑选
Can you pick out your brother in the crowd 认出
34．put
(1)John puts ten dollars aside every week．存储，留下
He put aside his textbooks when he left school and never reopened them．放下，放在一边21世纪教育网
Put aside all that has happened and try to start again．搁在一边，不予考虑
(2)Put your books away．收起来
(3)Put the dictionary back on the shelf．放回原处
The meeting has been put back until next week(= put off)．推迟
Put the clock back by five minutes．拨慢
(4)Put the clock forward by five minutes．拨快
(5)He put out the lamp and went out．使熄灭，扑灭
The company puts out l3 new machines every month．生产，出版
(6)Are you serious in putting forward such a view 提出
(7)put into effect执行，实现；put into force使生效；put into practice实施，付诸实施；put on weight增加体重；put one’s heart int0全心全意于某事；put sb．through接通电话；put to bed安顿某人睡觉；put to use加以利用；put up with忍受，容忍
(8)I just didn't wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note．给某人添麻烦21世纪教育网
35．refer
(1)If you don't know how to pronounce the word，refer to the dictionary．查阅，参阅
He referred to the matter once or twice．提到，谈到
The man referred to in the talk is one of my friends．(说到)
What I have to say refers to all of you．涉及
The lady was referring to Mike when she spoke of a bright boy．指的是
(2)He referred his success to his good teacher．归功于
36．run
(1)The buses run until after twelve．(车辆等)行驶
Will the color in this dress run if l wash it 褪色21世纪教育网
The machine ran continuously for eight days．运转
The water runs out of the pipe into the bucket．流
For several miles the road runs across a plain．(道路等)延伸，延续
(2)．They run most of the stores here．管理，经营
The chairman ran the meeting well．主持
(3)He is running for governor．竞选21世纪教育网
(4)If you run after two hares，you will catch neither．追赶
(5)She hit the child and run away．走掉，跑掉
(6)AU our supply of food has run out．被用完
(7)We ran out of coal，and had to burn wood．用完
(8)I ran over a rabbit this mornin9．(车辆)撞倒并碾过
(9)Run through this article and tell me what you think of it．匆忙看一遍
37．see to
(1)I've got a lot of things to see t0．处理
Who is to see to the organization of the next meeting 负责
I see to getting the ear out, will you see to closing the windows
Will you see to that customer，please 照顾21世纪教育网
(2)Please see to it that the lights are turned off．(=make sure／ensure that确保)
38．send
(1)We've just sent her to sleep．使进入梦乡
(2)My sister sends you greetings and asks when you will be in London．致，送
(3)That noise will send me mad．(跟复合结构)使变得
(4)The explosion sent things flying in all directions. (跟带分词的复合结构)使得……
(5)They have sent up several spaceships this year．发射
(6)send for a taxi，an ambulance，a doctor找计程车、叫救护车、请医生来
39．set21世纪教育网
(1)We set about clearing(set out to clear)up the mess．开始做或处理，着手
(2)You'd better set aside some money for special use．(为了某种目的)留出，拨出，节省
Set aside my wishes in this matter．对……不予考虑
(3)We will set off(out)for Africa tomorrow．动身，出发
(4)Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb．引爆
(5)Let’s Set up the tent first and build the fire later．竖起来，立起来，支起来
He set up a new record．创造
(6)The film was set in California in t}le middle of the nine teenth century．以……为背景，故事发生在21世纪教育网
40．show
(1)He told the BBC that he wanted l7 hours of nonstop TV
time so that both concerts could be shown on television．播出，展出，放映
Tickets，please．Show your tickets．把……拿给人看21世纪教育网
(2)Come along．I'll show you to your room myself．带某人到某处
(3)My cousin is visiting us next week，and I have promised to show him around New York．领某人到处看看
(4)Most small children show off in front of visitors．炫耀
41．stand
(1)The letters “UK” stand for “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”．代表
(2)I can’t stand the hot weather．忍受
(3)You should learn to stand on your own two feet．依靠自己，自主
(4)stand out显得突出，显眼，引人注目；stand by袖手旁观；支持，站在……一边
42．strike
(1)On Friday l6th October，1987，a hurricane struck the southeast of England．侵袭
The boy struck the man with a stick．打21世纪教育网
A stone struck me on the head．打中，击中
I struck a match and held it to his cigarette．擦燃(火柴)
An idea suddenly struck me．(某种想法)忽然出现，忽然想起
I left immediately the clock struck twelve．(钟)敲响
(2)He was struck by her beauty．给人深刻印象21世纪教育网
(3)They are striking for higher pay．(=They arc on strike for higher pay．罢工)
43．turn
(1)He was poor but proud and turned down every offer of help．拒绝接受
(2)The campers usually turned in as soon as it got dark．上床睡觉
(3)The teachers have to turn in the reports at the end of the school year．上交
(4)The examination turned out(to be)easy．结果是，最后情况是
(5)Bob turns over most of the money he eal3[1s to his mother．移交，交给
Please turn over this page．翻过
(6)The car struck the wall and turned over．撞翻，翻倒
He turned over in bed．翻身，翻转
(7)The missing boy turned up．出现
(8)Turn to the dictionary if you can’t spell the word．查(字典)
If you have some questions，you can turn to your teachers for help．求助于
(9)Mozart's music always turns me on．使感兴趣21世纪教育网
(10)She turned away in horror at the sight of so much blood．转身不看
Because the hall was full，many people were turned away．撵走
(11)turn a blind eye t0／on视而不见；turn a deaf ear to充耳不闻；turn about向后转；turn against反对，背叛；turn back返回，折回，使往回走；by turns轮流；in turn一个挨一个地，又(对别人)做同样的事；take turns轮流(做某事)
44．take
(1)The assistant did not take her seriously and advised her to buy two bottles of very expensive wine．认真对待
(2)He led the ships down the river to a place where the British army could land safely and take the enemy by surprise．突然袭击
(3)1 won't take much of your time．占去(时间)
The table takes up too much room．占去，占据(空间)
When he left school he took up journalism．从事(某项活动)，发展(某种爱好)
The teacher took up the lesson where he left off yesterday．继续讲述
(4)People should be ready to go to prison for their beliefs，but they should never take up arms to fight．拿起武器21世纪教育网
(5)When you return to the office the following morning or after the holiday，you can listen to the messages and take any necessary action．采取行动
(6)Jean took advantage of the lunch hour to finish her homework．利用
(7)I take back what I said．收回
(8)Take it easy．The roads are icy．不要着急
(9)He is taking over my job while I gill on holiday．接替，接管
(10)He seemed to take great pride in his work． 对……感到骄傲
(11)She had taken the trouble to buy the books for me．费力，不怕麻烦
(12)I'll take on the work，but I can’t tell you exactly when I'll finish it．从事21世纪教育网
The Great Wall has taken on a new look since the liberation． 呈现
Is the supermarket taking on any more assistants 雇用21世纪教育网
45．work out
(I)We must work out a plan as quickly as we can．制定，拟定，定出
Have you worked out this problem yet 算出，估计出
I can't work out the meaning of the poem．理解，弄懂，看出
This map is wron9；I can't work out where we are．判断，说出，看出
(2)Things will work out if you will just be patient．得到圆满解决，(进行)情况良好
If the traffic plan works out．it will be used in other cities too．进展情况良好
Things have worked out badly．(情况等)发展，进行21世纪教育网
方法技巧21世纪教育网
1．平时要进行大量阅读，在阅读中理解动词和动词词组的新意义，在具体的语境中选择恰当的动词。在平时学习中领悟动词的意义和用法，要特别注意一些最常用的词汇，如get，make，have，take等和一些难分辨的同义词(组)。
2．掌握动词词组的用法，加强对课程标准范围内的动词运用的练习，并注重时态和语态。
3．在区别动词和动词词组时应在以下几个方面特别注意：
(1)容易混淆近义词词义及用法，如：fit／suit；continue／last；help／aid；supply／provide。
(2)容易忽视语境中旬意对词义的限定。
(3)固定词组的意义混淆，如：hand over／take over；go in for／go into
(4)对动词词组的惯用法掌握不牢。
4．解题时，首先要研读题干，找出信息词，理顺句意，再作最佳选择。既要注意同义词(组)间的语法差异，还要注意它们之间的意义差异，如share和spare等。具体方法如下：
(1)分析语境。语境是作出正确判断的依据，离开了语境就无从选择恰当的词语。
(2)分析选项。仔细分析选项的意义，特别是释义较多的选项。根据旬意逐一对照筛选。
(3)寻找关键词。关键词对于作出正确选择起着举足轻重的作用。关键词可以是主语、宾语，或者前一分句或后一分句等。
易混易错
易混点知识总结21世纪教育网
1．advice，advise，persuade，suggest
(1)advice是名词，与动词advise只有一个字母之差，不可混淆。advice为不可数名词，不可说all advice，应说a piece of advice
(2)advise作“建议、劝告”解。是否“劝成”了，未必知道。其后常接①名词或代词；②动名词；③不定式复合结构；④that从句(从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气)。如：
We advised an early start．我们建议早点出发。
I advise his starting at once．我建议他马上开始。
He often advised people to use their brains．他常常劝人们多用脑子。
I advised that he(should)buy the book．我建议他买这本书。
(3)persuade作“劝服”解，强调劝说“成功”。常用于下列句型：
persuade sb．to do sth．和persuade sb．into doing sth．如：
They persuaded her to take the TOEFL(托福)exam．他们说服了她参加托福考试。
How can I persuade him into accepting the invitation
我怎么能说服他接受这个邀请呢 21世纪教育网
I tried to persuade him not to go to the cinema but he didn’t listen to me．我试图说服他不要去看电影但是他不听我劝告。(此句不可用persuaded代替tried to persuade，因为并未“成功”，只是试图说服。)
Though the doctor advised his patient to give up smoking，yet
he wasn’t able to persuade him to do so．虽然医生建议这个病人戒烟，但是，他没有能够说服他这样做。
(4)suggest是及物动词，常作“提议、建议”讲。后接①名词；②动名词；③疑问词+不定式短语；④从句，接从句时从句要用虚拟语气。其后不能接不定式和复合宾语。如：
Did he suggest anything to the boss
他向老板提什么建议了吗 21世纪教育网
I suggested going home．
我建议回家。
They have suggested(to me)that I(should)study medicine．
他们建议我学医。
He didn’t suggest what to do．
他没说怎么办。
注意：suggest后绝不能跟复合宾语。如：绝不可说He suggested her to take the money．应说成：He suggested that she should take the money．或说成：He suggested to her taking the money．其中，to不可省略。
2．announce，declare
(1)announce指正式地“公开，发表，宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。如：
The government announced that all the war prisoners would be set free．
政府宣布所有的战犯都要释放。
John announced to US his engagement to Mary．
约翰向我们宣布了他和玛丽订婚的消息。(注意announce后如需接间接宾语，则要在间接宾语前加to。) 21世纪教育网
It was announced that there would be a celebration on May 4th．
据宣布，5月4 13要举行庆祝会。21世纪教育网
(2)declare指正式和明确地向公众“宣布、宣告、声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。如：
The two countries declared war．
那两个国家宣战了。
In l898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature that gave out radiation．
1898年他们宣布他们相信在自然界存在着某种能发出辐射的东西。
注意：declare后可跟复合宾语，而announce不可。如：
They declared him(to be)a traitor to the country．
他们公开宣布他是国家的叛徒。21世纪教育网
The Chairman declared the meeting closed．
主席宣布闭会。
3．attend，enter for，join，take part in，join in，go in for，sit for
它们都可表示“参加”的意思，但用法不同。21世纪教育网
(1)attend是正式用语，可作及物动词或不及物动词。指参加会议或仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、上学、听报告等，强调的是发生这一动作的本身，而不强调参加者在活动中起的作用。如：
He’11 attend an important meeting tomorrow．
他明天要参加一个重要会议。
He often attends a night sch001．他经常去上夜校。
If they invite us，we’11 be delighted to attend．
如果他邀请我们，我们会高兴地参加。
(2)enter for意为“报名参加某项比赛或考试等”。
He decided not to enter for the race．
他决定不报名参加比赛。
(3)join意为：become a member of．…因此其宾语往往是某组织或团体，参军、入团、入党等。如：
My wish is to join the army after graduation． 21世纪教育网
我的愿望是毕业后参军。
We’11 have to join the nation-wide strike，too．21世纪教育网
我们也得参加这次全国性的罢工。
(4)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等，重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。如：
We’11 take part in social activities during summer vacation．
我们在暑假期间将参加社会活动。
注意：part前有修饰语时，要用不定冠词。如：
Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery．
林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制度。
(5)join(…)in指“加入……的行列一起参加某活动”。如：
Almost all the teams in our school joined in the basketball
tournament．
我校几乎所有的队都参加了这次篮球锦标赛。21世纪教育网
如果要表示“加入到他人的行列一起从事某项活动”，则要用join sb．in sth．如：
Our headmaster will join US in the discussion this afternoon．
校长今天下午要参加我们的讨论。
注意：参加说话人双方都清楚的活动时，in sth．可以省略。如：
Come and join us，Xiao Wan9．
小王，快来加入我们吧。
(6)go in for指参加某项比赛、考试。如：
Jack’s gone in for the long-jump，but I don’t think he has a chance to win．
杰克参加跳远比赛去了，但我想他没有获胜的机会。
注意：go in for还有“从事，爱好”的意思。如：
He goes in for swimmin9．他喜欢游泳。
(7)sit for表示“(准备)参加……的考试，为……应试”。如：
She sat for a scholarship but failed to win it．
她为获得奖学金而应试，但未成功。21世纪教育网
4．become，get，turn，go21世纪教育网
(1)指一个人的暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化，
可用become或get(后者较通俗)：become／get angry，famous，fat，ill，old，etc．生气、成名、发胖、得病、衰老等。
become和get还都可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。21世纪教育网
It’s becoming／getting cold／dark／cloudy…
天渐渐冷了／黑了／多云了……
Divorce is becoming／getting more common．
离婚现象越来越常见了。
(2)指某人肉体上或精神上由强转弱时，用go：go bald／deaf／insane，etc．变秃／彭疯等。go有时也指事物由强到弱(或由好变坏)。
The meat’s gone off／bad．肉变味了(坏了)。21世纪教育网
The radio’s gone wrong．收音机出毛病了。
(3)go和turn可用于指人或事物的颜色变化。
She went／turned blue with cold．她冻得脸色发(变)青了。
The rotten meat went／turned green．21世纪教育网
这块腐烂的肉变绿了。
(4)go一般不与old．tired，ill等连用，遇此情况要用其他连系动词。如：become／grow／get old变老；fall／become ill／sick生病；get／feel tired累了。
(5)turn后可以加年龄或时间，表示“达到或超过(某年龄或时间)”。如：
She turned forty last June．21世纪教育网
她去年6月份满40岁。
It’s turned midnight．已经午夜了。
(6)常用的系动词还有：
①单纯表示主语特征或状态的系动词：feel，look，sound，taste，smell，seem，appear等
②表示发生变化的连系动词，除上面的词之外还有：fall，drop，go，come，run等。
③表示保持某种状态的连系动词有remain，continue，stay，keep，rest，prove，turn out，stand等
④半系动词有：stand，sit，rise等。21世纪教育网
5．beat．defeat．win，gain
(1)beat／defeat+人／队打败……
We beat their team by lo points．我们赢了他们队l0分。
(2)gain + one’s living，experience，strength，time，knowledge，attention，respect，admiration
(3)win + game，war，prize，fame，battle
另外，win还可用作不及物动词，而gain在表示“赢得”这一意思时是个及物动词。如：
He gained／won the Nobel Prize for physics in l921．
他在1921年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。21世纪教育网
Which side won 哪一边胜了 21世纪教育网
To gain time．1 pretended that I had not heard the question．
为赢得(争取)时间，我假装没有听见这个问题。
Bill won／gained first prize for swimmin9．
比尔赢得了游泳的第一枚金牌。
We wouldn’t have won without your help．21世纪教育网
要不是因为你的帮助我们赢不了。
6．beat，hit，strike，tap
beat着重连续性地击打或体罚，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方；strike通常表示打一下、打若干下等意思，不一定都是有意的；hit指“打巾”或“对准……来打”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点；tap一般是轻轻拍打的意思。如：
The wheat was beaten down by the rain．
麦子被雨水打倒了。
He used to beat her black and blue．
他以前常把她打得青一块紫一块的。
The mother hit her son out of anger．
妈妈生气了，打了她儿子一下。
It(An ant)strikes a cow bug's back with its forelegs and feelers．
它(蚂蚁)用前腿和触角敲打蚜虫的背部。
It(An ant)taps on the other’s head with its feelers．
它(蚂蚁)用触角轻敲对方的头部。
7．catch．grab．grasp，seize，snatch
catch是普通用语，有“设法抓住、捉住”的意思；grab表示“突然地、粗鲁地抓住某物”；9rasp表示牢牢地“抓住”；seize指“突然用力抓住使不逃脱”；snatch表示迅速的拉扯动作、出其不意地“抓取”。如：
I caught him by the ear．我揪住他的耳朵。
He grabbed her arm and pulled her out of the fire．21世纪教育网
他抓住她的胳膊把她从大火中拉了出来。
He grasped his gun and rushed out．
他抓住枪就冲了出去。
Then with that man’s permission and even with his help，he seized her and took her away．
后来，在这个人的许可甚至帮助下，他把她抢走了。
He made a dive for the rejected clothing and began to snatch it this way and that．．．21世纪教育网
他冲向那堆顾客不要的衣服，翻来翻去……
8．fit，suit，match
前二者都用作动词，可指衣服“合适”或“适合”。fit指大小、尺寸合体；suit指颜色、花样或款式适合；match表示“与……相匹配／匹敌”。如：
The coat fits me well．这件上衣我穿着很合身。
These shoes don’t fit me——have you got a larger size
这双鞋我穿着不合适——你们有大点儿的吗
The color of the cloth suits a woman at my wife’s age．
这布的颜色适合我妻子那个年龄的妇女穿。
Red and black are colors that suit me well．
黑红两色是很适合我的颜色。21世纪教育网
The curtains and the carpets match perfectly．21世纪教育网
窗帘和地毯十分协调。
These curtains won’t match your carpet．
这些窗帘和你那块地毯不相配。
No one can match her at chess．下国际象棋谁也比不上她。
9．dress．wear，put on，have on
这儿个词都可表示“穿”，区别如下：
(1)表动作的词为put on和dress，但两者的搭配不同，put on+衣服，而dress + sb．+in+衣服。
She dressed the baby．她给婴儿穿衣服。
Put on your coat when you go out．出去时穿上外套。
She is dressing herself．她在穿衣服。21世纪教育网
(2)表状态的动词为have on，wear，be dressed in。have on
几乎等于wear，但have on作“穿着”讲时，不能用其现在分词形式，也不能用作被动语态。此外，wear除表示穿衣外，还表示戴表(花、纪念章等)以及留头发或胡须等，有时have on也这样用。
She was wearing her mother’s coat．21世纪教育网
她穿着她母亲的大衣。(不能用having on)
She has a red jacket on．她穿着一件红色的夹克。
She was dressed in red．她穿着红色衣服。
The girl was poorly dressed．这女孩衣着寒酸。
He was dressed as a woman．他男扮女装。21世纪教育网
He seldom wears a watch．他很少戴手表。
He wears his hair lon9．他留着长发。
They all had dark glasses on．他们都戴着墨镜。
10．divide，separate
两者均可表示“分开”：divide通常指把整体分为若干部分，其后常接介词into；而separate通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来，其后常接介词from。如：
The world is divided into seven continents．21世纪教育网
世界被分成七大洲。
Divide the money among the six of you．
这笔钱你们六个人分。
United we stand，divided we fall．团结则存，分裂则亡。
We’d better separate the good ones from the bad ones．
我们最好把好的和坏的分开。
The couple separated because they were not compatible．
这对夫妻因不合而分居。
The two parts of the pipe have separated at the joint．
这个管子从接口处分成两截了。
11．cure，treat
(1)用作动词，两者都可表示“治疗”，但含义有区别：cure通常强调结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病；而treat则通常强调过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思。比较：
A few days’ rest will cure you．休息几天你的病就好了。
The dentist is treating my teeth．牙科医生在给我看牙。
(2)注意以下两句cure和treat所搭配的介词不同：
The doctors cured her of cancer．医生治好了她的癌症。
Which doctor is treating you for your illness 哪个医生在给你看病
有时用于引申义。如：
Parents try to cure their children of bad habits．21世纪教育网
父母设法纠正孩子们的不良习惯。
(3)cure表示“治疗”，可用作名词。若表示“对……的治疗”或“治疗……的方法”，一般用介词for。如：
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet
迄今癌症有有效的治疗方法吗
Scientists have so far failed to provide a cure for the common cold．
科学家们到目前为止还没有找到一种治疗普通感冒的方法。
16．Appreciate, thank
两者均可表示“感激”．但有区别：即appreciate的宾语是事或事物，而thank的宾语必须是人。
易错题总结
1．It was not a serious illness，and she soon _______ it．
A．got over B．got on with C．got around D．got out of21世纪教育网
[答案] A
[易错选项]D
[解析] 句意：这不是一种严重的病．她很快就恢复过来了。
get over=to return to one’s usual state of health从疾病中恢复过来；get on with……的进展，与……相处；get around逃避，回避；get out出版，发表，生产，逃走。例如：
(1)He’s just getting over an illness．21世纪教育网
(2)How are you getting on with your English
(3)How is he getting on with you
(4)If you are clever you can get around the tax laws．
[温馨提示] get over还有“克服、把……忘怀、熬过”的意思。
2．The final examination is coming up soon．It’s time for us to_____ our studies．
A．get down to B．get out C．get back for D．get over
[答案] A21世纪教育网
[易错选项] C
[解析] 句意：期终考试即将来临，该是我们复习功课的时候了。get down to开始认真对待，认真考虑；get out(使)出去，离开，逃脱；get back for回来，恢复；get over(从疾病、失败中)恢复过来。
[温馨提示] get down to中的to为介词，后加名词、代词或动名词等。
3．I think you’ll grow______ him when you know him better．
A．1iking B．to be like C．to like D．to be liking
[答案] C
[易错选项] A21世纪教育网
[解析] 句意：我想如果你更好地了解了他，你就会渐渐地喜欢上他。此处grow意为“变得”，后面常加不定式作宾语，表示“慢慢变得”。例如：They grew to believe that she was a witch．B项错误．因为be like意为“像……”，这与句意相去甚远。
[温馨提示] grow to like／hate／respect表示渐渐喜欢／憎恨／尊敬。
4．What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has______
A．given out B．put out C．held up D．used up21世纪教育网
[答案] A
[易错选项]D
[解析] 旬意：如果世界上的石油全部用完，我们将用什么作为能源 give out=come to an end／be used up用完，耗尽：put out扑灭；hold up阻止，支持，
[温馨提示] Something gives out．=Something is used up．
5．The traffic lights _______ green and I pulled away．
A．came B．grew C．got D．went21世纪教育网
[答案]D
[易错选项] B
[解析]从句意看，“当绿灯亮时，我开车走了”，此处需一个表示“变化”的系动词。grow表示渐变的过程，动作不可逆；come／get不可逆的动作，但一般不与表示颜色的词连用；
go=turn动作既可逆也不可逆。所以，此处只能选D项。
[温馨提示] 表示颜色变化，常用go或turn。
6．Three days________ and we had to give it up．21世纪教育网
A．1ater B．after C．passed D．past
[答案] C
[易错选项] A
[解析] 句意：三天过去了，我们不得不放弃了。并列连词and在本句中需连接两个句子．前面的句子缺谓语动词，故答案为C项。
[温馨提示]A、B、D三项不作谓语。如把and改为逗号，答案为A或B项。
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专题五 动词和动词词组
超级预测
知识预测
五年高考有关动词和动词词组考点分布
考点年份 词语辨析 短语辨析
2005年 10 14
2006年 9 17
2007年 1l 16
2008年 11 15
2009年 9 13
合计 50 75
动词是英语中的第一大词，是组成句子的“骨架”，也是英语语言中最具表现力的语块之一，动词和动词词组是每年高考的必考内容之一。英语中动词的词义丰富，用法灵活，不易掌握。所以，动词及其短语一直都是教学中的重点和难点，同时也是高考的热点。在历年的高考中，涉及动词的考点所占比重很大。高考题主要从以下几个方面对动词和动词词组进行考查：
1．get，turn，make，put，go，give，break，cut，come，look，keep，bring，show，pick，hold，fall，carry，pull，catch，call，take；
2．动词的及物性与不及物性，如open，wash，write等；
3．被动形式中英汉表达的不同，如seat，hide等；21世纪教育网
4．感观动词用作系动词，如feel，look，sound等；
5．同义词、近义词的辨析。21世纪教育网
能力预测
动词是英语的脊柱，是最能体现英语特征的词类。对英语动词语法和语义的整体感悟能力是对英语语言整体感悟能力的前提和关键。对动词及动词短语的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是学生学习中的难点，因此每年均为测试的重点。2010年高考也将继续重视把动词和动词短语的区别放在鲜活的语境中进行考查，因此，应高度重视以下几个方面：
1．易混的基础动词及其短语：
2．与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法：
3．部分基础动词及其短语的较高级用法。
超值储备
知识能力储备
知识点总结一 中学阶段重点动词及动词短语归纳
1．add
(1)If you add 5 to 5，you get l0．把……加到……上面
Five added to five is／makes l0．
(2)ne balloons added to the festival atmosphere．增加
(3)His whole school education added up to no more than one year．加起来总共
Add up the numbers，and you will get ll55．加……
2．agree
(1)agree on就……达成共识21世纪教育网
(2)agree to do sth．同意做(某事)
(3)agree to the plan／decision／arrangement同意
(4)I don’t agree with you／what you said／your advice．同意
The climate here doesn’t agree with me．(食物、天气等)适合某人
Your story agrees with what I have already heard．和……一致
3．break
(1)I am sorry that I broke my promise．违背，违反21世纪教育网
break one’s word(2 promise)／break the law／break the rule
(2)His health broke．(身体或精神)垮了
(3)He broke away from all his old friends．断绝来往，脱离
I should break away from such habits．改掉(习惯)
(4)All our plans broke down．
The peace talks have broken down．(计划、谈判等)失败21世纪教育网
Her health broke down under the pressure of work =become very bad)．被搞垮，垮掉
Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances．分解
The telephone system has broken down．
(机器或车辆)出故障；坏掉
(5)The thieves planned to break into a bank．
闯入，破门进人
(6)The Second World War broke out in September 1939．爆发21世纪教育网
(7)After midnight，the party broke up．散(会)
(8)I broke up the candy and gave each child a small piece．分开
The crowd broke up．分开，分散
(9)broken English蹩脚英语21世纪教育网
(10)Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the lines of the police．突破
4．bring
(1)He brought about a quarrel between his parents．引起，造成
She made every effort to bring about a peaceful solution to the problem．实现
(2)Electricity lines were brought down by falling trees or branches．使倒下
bring down prices降低(价格)
(3)The sale brought in over$200．赚得21世纪教育网
(4)Dirt often brings on disease．引起
The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely．
使成长更快，使提高
(5)Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase 讲解清楚
(6)Joe was born in Texas but brought up in Oklahoma．抚养21世纪教育网
He was so ill that he brought叩everythin9．呕吐
(7)This brought me into touch with various kinds of workers．(和各种名词连用)使进入某种状态21世纪教育网
(8)Please bring forward the matter at the next meeting．提出
They have brought the meeting forward to next Monday．提前，提早
5．call
(1)The trouble calls for quick action by the government．要求
1 will call for you at five o'clock．来找某人
We called for the packages at the post office．来取某物
(2)I formed the habit of calling in on him／calling in at his office in the afternoon．顺便拜访
(3)Your father is ill．You should call in a doctor at once．找来，请来
(4)People don’t like being called names．骂人
(5)They’ve called off the game because of the thick fog．取消
(6)He called upon me to speak immediately after him．请(叫)(某人做某事)
I called on the people of this country to work hard for nationalunity．号召
(7)A notice displayed in the shop window called attention to the recent increase in prices．引起……的注意21世纪教育网
(8)The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths．召集
(9)call up；give sb．a call；make a call(a long-distance call)
6．carry
(1)He had learned enough German to carry on a conversation．进行
(2)One person should carry on where the other had left off．进行下去
(3)1 was chosen to carry out our experiment．进行
He did not carry out his promise to us．履行
(4)The work is tough，but it is the person to carry it through(=to complete sth．successfully)．顺利完成，顺利实现21世纪教育网
7．come
(1)How come that you didn’t get here in time (用于引申意义)发生某情况
(2)He came to realize that he was mistaken．表示动作逐渐变化的过程
(3)My dream has come true．变成现实
(4)He talked about his coming trip to the United States．即将到来的
(5)How did the accident come about 发生，造成
(6)I came across(came upon／ran across)this book in an old bookstore on the Fourth Avenue．无意中碰到，找到
He came suddenly across an idea．(无意中)想到
(7)He just asked me to come round for supper．到这儿来
(8)Come along／on! Arthur，we can't wait all day!快点
Come along! Someone must know the answer to my question．快说
(9)This paper comes out every Friday．出版
I think the roses will come out next week．开花，发芽
I came out first in the examination．21世纪教育网
考试结果……；考第……名21世纪教育网
(10)The bill comes to$5．总计
When it comes to mathematics，I know nothing about it．谈到，涉及
(11)The robbery did not come to light until the next day．被发现，被大家知道
(12)The question hasn't come up yet．被提出
He came up with all idea．提出
(13)come to oneself苏醒过来；come to an end结束；come into effect(force)生效；come to a conclusion(decision)作出结论(决定)；come into being(existence)开始存在、建立、产生；come into power开始执政
8．care
(1)I don’t care what they say．I shall go on just the same．在乎，在意
(2)If you care to hear it，1 will tell it to you．愿意
(3)Albert Einstein cared little for money．He was seen using a cheque for$1，500 as a bookmark．喜欢
Would you care for a cup of coffee (=Would you like… )(礼貌用语)你喜欢／要……吗
(4)He cared about money．喜欢21世纪教育网
The professor said that he was interested only in research；he didn't care about his students．关心
(5)The mother cared for the sick child day and night．照顾，照料
(6)In this way，we could give them timely medical care．医疗护理
9．catch
(1)catch fire(=to start burning着火)
(2)catch one，s breath缓口气，歇口气
(3)That car caught his eyes／attention．引起注意21世纪教育网
(4)The police caught him stealing a car．(=to discover suddenly and by surprise especially when someone is doing something bad)撞见，突然发现
(5)That style has never caught on in China．(=become popular)流行
(6)He was caught in the rain．(=be stuck in)被困扰
Her skin got caught in the door．(=be hooked in)被钩住
(7)I suddenly caught sight of him in the crowd．看见
10．clear
(1)She made it clear that she would support Australia．清楚，明白，明确
(2)After the storm the sky cleared．晴朗起来
(3)The waitress will clear away these dishes in a moment．收走
How can we clear away these doubts 消除，清除
(4)The weather has cleared up；we Can go out．晴朗起来，开朗起来
(5)You’11 have to clear up the things on the table before we have tea．整理，收拾
11．compare
(1)Car production rose by 25％，compared to／with the first 3 months of this year．和……相比
Last year the rate of death was 2％．compared with／to 5％ the year before last．和……相比
Compared to／with many women，she was indeed very fortunate．和……相比
Compare this with that．and you will see which is better．把……和……相比
(2)It was a small place，compared to what it is now．和……相比
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage．把……比作……21世纪教育网
12．cover
(1)They covered l2 miles yesterday．走完(一段路程)
How many pages have you covered看完(多少页书)
The city covered ten square miles．有(多大面积)
The professor's talk covered the subject．谈到，涉及
The best reporters were sent to cover the 27th Olympic Games．报道，采访
(2)The mountain was covered with snow all the year round．覆盖着……
13．cut
(1)cut off切断，切下来；cut out戒掉，不吃；cut in插嘴；cut切碎；a short cut捷径
(2)They want to cut down a large forest in this area．砍掉
George is trying to cut his weight down．削减，减少
(3)The army was called in to cut through the fallen trees on the road．锯断，剪断，凿穿21世纪教育网
14．deal21世纪教育网
I'd rather deal with a man than a woman．Women are sharp．和……打交道
I'm used to dealing with matters of this sort．处理
This book deals with questions on politics．论述，谈论
What shop do you deal with 和……做买卖
15．die
(1)As a result，many Westerners die at an early age of heart disease．
die from死于……(除疾病或情感以外的原因)
die from an accident／the polluted air／a bad habit die of die of illness／a fever／hunger／sadness
死于……(指疾病、情感、饥寒、年老等原因) 21世纪教育网
(2)Ronny’s steps had died away／down，and there was a moment of silence．(指风、声、光)消逝
The wind has died away／down again．平息21世纪教育网
(3)It is thought that between the years l550 and l950 an average of one kind of living thing died out each year．灭绝，不复存在
(4)I'm dying for something to eat(=have a strong desire for sth.)．极想；渴望21世纪教育网
16．do
(1)一I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English．
一N0，you’re doing fine．(工作、学习、生活、生长等)情况(好)
I'm happy in my work in the garden．I'm doing well．
Will it do if we let you have an answer by Friday 行，够，合适，可以，凑合
Please do up these books and post them for Mr．Smith．包，扎，系，捆
(2)Let's do up this room first．整理，收拾21世纪教育网
(3)They tried to do away with slavery．废除
(4)Mary has done herself up for the party．梳妆打扮
(5)do one’s hair做头发；do the room打扫房间；do the bed铺床；do wrong to sb．使某人受委屈；do business做生意，做买卖；do right做得好；do wron9做错事，做坏事
(6)have something／nothing／anything／a lot to do with
与……有些／没有／有什么／有很大关系
17．end
(1)Even if none of this is true for us today，it is probable that one day we will end up with a disability．以……告终
We ended up the dinner with fruit and coffee．以……而结束
If you drive your ear like that，you’11 end up in hospital．最后(有某种结局)，最后(成了)
(2)The politician finally ended up his speech．结束
(3)The match ended in a win for us．以……告终，结果……
(4)It rained for three days on end．(=continuously)一连
(5)We must put an end to this foolish behavior．结束，制止
(6)The meeting came to an end at last．结束21世纪教育网
18．fall
(1)We can't afford to fall behind our competitors in using the new technology．
我们再也不能在使用新技术方面落后于我们的竞争对手了。
(2)She has fallen in love with him／the dress．
她已经爱上他了／喜欢上了那条连衣裙。
(3)Where does the plan fall down (=fail or to be ineffective失败，不起作用)
(4)This topic falls naturally into three sections．(=be divided into被分成)
(5)I awl quite happy to fall in with you／your suggestions．(=agree with or to)赞同
19．fix
(1)fix(on)a time for sth．约定时间干某事
Let’s fix a time for discussion．
They’ve fixed the time and date for the party．
(2)fix one’s eyes on注视
He fixed his eyes on the clock．21世纪教育网
(3)fix one’s attention on注意
(4)fix修理，整理，做(饭)，沏(茶)
fix supper／fix tea／fix the broken machine
20．follow
You should follow the rules of the lab when you’re doing experiments．遵循，听从，依照……行事
The child follows her mother about all day long．跟随
Follow this road until you get to the church．沿着……(走)
May follows April．接着发生，跟着到来
Do you follow what I'm saying 听懂，理解
21．get
(1)The operator finally got me through．给…接通电话
He has got through$1，000 in less than a year．用完
John has got through the examination．通过
I’ll be with you as soon as I get through this work．做完
(2)The stow has got round--everybody knows about it．消息传开；走动，到处旅行
(3)My work is getting along better now．进展，进行
(4)She didn't get away until nine last night．走开，离开21世纪教育网
The bank robbers used a stolen ear to get away．逃走，跑掉
(5)Now he was dead。and I could not get away from my sadness．摆脱
(6)He got down and began to pray．跪下，弯腰
(7)Don’t you think it’s time we got down to business 开始认真做某事
(8)At what time do you get off(from)work 下(班)
(9)He used to be afraid of heights but he has got over that now．克服，摆脱(某种情绪)
22．give21世纪教育网
(1)He gave away most of his fortune to the poor．送给，分发
They suspected(怀疑)that the secret had been given away by one of their friends．泄露(机密)
(2)I hope the holiday will give him back his good spirits．恢复健康
(3)He has given in to my views．向……让步，投降
(4)The gas gave off an unpleasant smell．散发出
(5)He gave his life to the study of art．把生命献给……
(6)Please give my regards／greetings／love／wishes／thanks to Miss Smith．代……向……问好(表示喜欢、祝愿、谢意) 21世纪教育网
(7)The teacher gave out the examination papers．散发，颁发
It was given out that the Prime Minister had died suddenly．宣布
The cowboy gave out a yell．发出(声音)
(8)After two days our food gave out，and we had to return to the camp．被用完
The swimmer gave out after ten laps．(人)体力不支
His strength gave out at last．耗尽
(9)Billy kept asking his mother if he could go to the movies and she finally gave way．妥协，屈从
(10)I've given up smokin9．放弃，中止21世纪教育网
23．go
(1)But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year，you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good．违背
(2)一How is everything going
一Things are going very well．进行，进展
The engine went beautifully．运转
How does the old saying go 怎么说的
(3)111e black hair was going grey．变得
(4)That is to say，the doctor's been gone two hours and thirteen minutes．不在，走了
(5)If you think you can solve the problem，go ahead． 开始(做某事)
Go ahead；we’re all listening．开始(做某事)
Work is going ahead．进行，进展
一May I start 一Yes，go ahead．表“同意”
(6)News of the plane crash went around like wildlife．传开
(7)Time went by quickly．过去，经过
(8)Shares have gone down again by ten points．
(价格等)下跌，(温度等)下降 21世纪教育网
(9)She had no time to go deeply into the matter just then．
调查，了解，研究
(10)What is going on out there 发生，(活动)进行
(11)Why not buy some English tapes and some books to go with them 相配，和……交朋友
(12)When smokers who are used to nicotine 90’without it for an hour or two，they begin to feel bad．不吃，不用
(13)Let me have a go at fixing it．试一试
(14)My family goes back 300 years，while his family goes back to the l5th century．追溯；从过去某个时候延续至今
(15)He always likes to go back to his younger days．回顾
(16)Go over your work before you hand it in．仔细检查，反复研究，仔细琢磨
(17)He doesn’t go in for team games．对某事有兴趣，爱好
24．hand
(1)When he writes，he always keeps a dictionary at hand．在手边，在跟前
The examinations are at hand．就要到来了，不远了21世纪教育网
(2)My shoes were made by hand．手工的
(3)Could you give me a hand with this parcel 帮一下忙
(4)This custom has been handed down since the l8th century．传下来，传给
(5)The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson．发给，散发
(6)The thief was handed over to the police．移交
(7)on the one hand…on the other(on the other hand)…一方面……另一方面……
(8)hand in上交
25．hold
(1)She held back，not knowing what to do or say．犹豫不决
(2)Don’t hold anything back，you must tell me everything．隐瞒，不公布
If they hadn’t held him back。he would have beaten you．阻碍，阻止
(3)I made my choice and l will hold on to the end．坚持(下去)
You should hold on to your oil share．不送或不卖(某物) 21世纪教育网
(4)He asked me to hold on while he left t}le telephone to find a pencil．别挂(电话)
(5)Could he hold out in spite of the difficulty 坚持(抵抗)，顶住(压力)
(6)The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question．举起
A lot of cars were held叩in the accident．使耽搁，使停顿
(7)hold office任职；hold one’s position担任某个职位
(8)hold：keep sb．／sth．in a particular manner or position
使某人或某物处于某种状态或位置
Please hold yourself still while I take your photograph．保持不动
He held a cigarette between his lips．他的嘴上叼着香烟。
(9)They held their heads up and walked into the hall．趾高气扬
26．keep
(1)Will this meat keep until tomorrow 保持
(2)He keeps away from liquor and tobacco．
不沾，避开，不接近21世纪教育网
(3)The Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away．保持一定距离
(4)He may be telling the truth but he is keeping something back．隐瞒(不讲)
Finally，he did not give her the right change，but kept back five pounds．扣留
(5)You have to be home by 11 o'clock．Keep that in mind。Bob．记在心里
(6)Keep off t}le grass．勿踩，勿踏
(7)He didn't stop runnin9．He just kept on．继续(干)，坚持(干)
Keep on until you reach the traffic lights．继续前进
(8)ne coat should keep out the cold．挡住，使进不去
They have shut the door and meant to keep us out．不要进来
(9)You should keep out of these things．不牵扯进去
(10)I hope such fine weather will keep up
继续(下去)，持续(下去) 21世纪教育网
(11)We've kept up our friendship for over twenty years now．保持
The good news keeps up our spirits．保持高昂情绪
(12)I can’t keep up with all the changes．(与……)齐步前进，并驾齐驱，跟上
(13)I hope the rain keeps off．(雨、雪)暂时停止
27．1ook
(1)As I look back upon those years，I am struck by Annie’s wisdom．回顾，回想
(2)I've been looking into this matter this afternoon．调查
(3)Two men were fighting．The rest were looking on．旁观
(4)When you’re eating fish，look out for bones．当心，小心
We've been looking out for a new house，but the ones we've seen are all too expensive．留心找某物
(5)Look up the word in the dictionary．查寻，查找21世纪教育网
1 want to look my uncle up sometime．看望，拜访
(6)She looked through her notes before the examination．浏览
28．make
(1)make good use of／make full use of充分利用
We should make good／full use of water to produce electricity．
(2)He had a gift for thinking up ways of making political points．提出政治观点
(3)Both husband and wife had to work to make ends meet．使收支平衡
(4)After years as an unsuccessful businessman．he’s finally made it．成功
(5)Can you make out what that object is on the other side of the valley 弄清楚，看出
It isn't difficult to make out his ideas．理解，明白21世纪教育网
(6)The explanation in the school book makes no sense，because the words are hard．讲不通，没意义，不能被理解
Can you make SENSE of what he says 理解
(7)We must make the most of．the fine weather．充分利用
(8)The teacher asked the children to make up a story about a trip to the moon．编，创造
(9)Mary had to make up for the time she missed in school when she was sick，by studying very hard．弥补
(10)ne actors were making up when we arrived．打扮21世纪教育网
(11)The team is made up of nine players．由……组成
(12)Is that the right time I made it later．估计
He’s making three hundred a year．赚得，赢得
He’11 make a good lawyer．(有条件)成为
I think I could make it 8：30 if that’s all right for you．定在(某时间)
29．mean
(1)Smoke usually means fire．意味着
Your friendship means a great deal to me．有意义，有价值21世纪教育网
But I don’t believe he means any harm．有……意图
(2)His parents meant him for a teacher．
准备让……干某工作
This picture is meant for me．
打算给(谁)
This room was meant for the workers’reading room．打算(做什么用)
(3)What do you mean by coming here this morning 你……是什么意思
30．meet
(1)It takes 80 years for Mediterranean water to be changed with Atlantic water．as there is one narrow entrance where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic．与……汇合
The house stands where three roads meet．汇合21世纪教育网
In order to meet his expenses，he had to do extra work at night．满足
To join the army，one must meet certain physical standards．符合(要求)
A policeman could meet danger any minute of his working day．碰到，遭到
(2)In the woods，he met with two strangers．遇见，碰到
31．operate
(1)The lift was not operating properly．(机器)开动，(工厂)开工21世纪教育网
The medicine operated quickly．起作用
(2)The company operates two factories．管理(工厂)
(3)He operated on the baby’s throat and saved its life．给……做手术
32．pay
(1)Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter．参观
(2)It’s high time he paid me back the$100 he owes me．偿还
(3)How much did you pay for the book 为……而付款
(4)I'll pay off my debt with this check．还清
(5)Did your plan pay off 成功
(6)It pays to invest in protective clothing．收益，得到好处
33．pick
(1)She picked up the little book and gave it to him．拾起
He has picked up some bad habits in that club．沾染21世纪教育网
He picked up French while he was staying in Paris．(非正式)学到
Pick me up at the hotel．接(人)
This loom must be picked up before the guests arrive．整理，收拾
The class picked up the story where they had left it．继续讲(故事)
We picked up the radio signals on our receiver．接收
(2)Have you picked out the movie you want to see 挑选
Can you pick out your brother in the crowd 认出
34．put
(1)John puts ten dollars aside every week．存储，留下
He put aside his textbooks when he left school and never reopened them．放下，放在一边21世纪教育网
Put aside all that has happened and try to start again．搁在一边，不予考虑
(2)Put your books away．收起来
(3)Put the dictionary back on the shelf．放回原处
The meeting has been put back until next week(= put off)．推迟
Put the clock back by five minutes．拨慢
(4)Put the clock forward by five minutes．拨快
(5)He put out the lamp and went out．使熄灭，扑灭
The company puts out l3 new machines every month．生产，出版
(6)Are you serious in putting forward such a view 提出
(7)put into effect执行，实现；put into force使生效；put into practice实施，付诸实施；put on weight增加体重；put one’s heart int0全心全意于某事；put sb．through接通电话；put to bed安顿某人睡觉；put to use加以利用；put up with忍受，容忍
(8)I just didn't wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note．给某人添麻烦21世纪教育网
35．refer
(1)If you don't know how to pronounce the word，refer to the dictionary．查阅，参阅
He referred to the matter once or twice．提到，谈到
The man referred to in the talk is one of my friends．(说到)
What I have to say refers to all of you．涉及
The lady was referring to Mike when she spoke of a bright boy．指的是
(2)He referred his success to his good teacher．归功于
36．run
(1)The buses run until after twelve．(车辆等)行驶
Will the color in this dress run if l wash it 褪色21世纪教育网
The machine ran continuously for eight days．运转
The water runs out of the pipe into the bucket．流
For several miles the road runs across a plain．(道路等)延伸，延续
(2)．They run most of the stores here．管理，经营
The chairman ran the meeting well．主持
(3)He is running for governor．竞选21世纪教育网
(4)If you run after two hares，you will catch neither．追赶
(5)She hit the child and run away．走掉，跑掉
(6)AU our supply of food has run out．被用完
(7)We ran out of coal，and had to burn wood．用完
(8)I ran over a rabbit this mornin9．(车辆)撞倒并碾过
(9)Run through this article and tell me what you think of it．匆忙看一遍
37．see to
(1)I've got a lot of things to see t0．处理
Who is to see to the organization of the next meeting 负责
I see to getting the ear out, will you see to closing the windows
Will you see to that customer，please 照顾21世纪教育网
(2)Please see to it that the lights are turned off．(=make sure／ensure that确保)
38．send
(1)We've just sent her to sleep．使进入梦乡
(2)My sister sends you greetings and asks when you will be in London．致，送
(3)That noise will send me mad．(跟复合结构)使变得
(4)The explosion sent things flying in all directions. (跟带分词的复合结构)使得……
(5)They have sent up several spaceships this year．发射
(6)send for a taxi，an ambulance，a doctor找计程车、叫救护车、请医生来
39．set21世纪教育网
(1)We set about clearing(set out to clear)up the mess．开始做或处理，着手
(2)You'd better set aside some money for special use．(为了某种目的)留出，拨出，节省
Set aside my wishes in this matter．对……不予考虑
(3)We will set off(out)for Africa tomorrow．动身，出发
(4)Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb．引爆
(5)Let’s Set up the tent first and build the fire later．竖起来，立起来，支起来
He set up a new record．创造
(6)The film was set in California in t}le middle of the nine teenth century．以……为背景，故事发生在21世纪教育网
40．show
(1)He told the BBC that he wanted l7 hours of nonstop TV
time so that both concerts could be shown on television．播出，展出，放映
Tickets，please．Show your tickets．把……拿给人看21世纪教育网
(2)Come along．I'll show you to your room myself．带某人到某处
(3)My cousin is visiting us next week，and I have promised to show him around New York．领某人到处看看
(4)Most small children show off in front of visitors．炫耀
41．stand
(1)The letters “UK” stand for “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”．代表
(2)I can’t stand the hot weather．忍受
(3)You should learn to stand on your own two feet．依靠自己，自主
(4)stand out显得突出，显眼，引人注目；stand by袖手旁观；支持，站在……一边
42．strike
(1)On Friday l6th October，1987，a hurricane struck the southeast of England．侵袭
The boy struck the man with a stick．打21世纪教育网
A stone struck me on the head．打中，击中
I struck a match and held it to his cigarette．擦燃(火柴)
An idea suddenly struck me．(某种想法)忽然出现，忽然想起
I left immediately the clock struck twelve．(钟)敲响
(2)He was struck by her beauty．给人深刻印象21世纪教育网
(3)They are striking for higher pay．(=They arc on strike for higher pay．罢工)
43．turn
(1)He was poor but proud and turned down every offer of help．拒绝接受
(2)The campers usually turned in as soon as it got dark．上床睡觉
(3)The teachers have to turn in the reports at the end of the school year．上交
(4)The examination turned out(to be)easy．结果是，最后情况是
(5)Bob turns over most of the money he eal3[1s to his mother．移交，交给
Please turn over this page．翻过
(6)The car struck the wall and turned over．撞翻，翻倒
He turned over in bed．翻身，翻转
(7)The missing boy turned up．出现
(8)Turn to the dictionary if you can’t spell the word．查(字典)
If you have some questions，you can turn to your teachers for help．求助于
(9)Mozart's music always turns me on．使感兴趣21世纪教育网
(10)She turned away in horror at the sight of so much blood．转身不看
Because the hall was full，many people were turned away．撵走
(11)turn a blind eye t0／on视而不见；turn a deaf ear to充耳不闻；turn about向后转；turn against反对，背叛；turn back返回，折回，使往回走；by turns轮流；in turn一个挨一个地，又(对别人)做同样的事；take turns轮流(做某事)
44．take
(1)The assistant did not take her seriously and advised her to buy two bottles of very expensive wine．认真对待
(2)He led the ships down the river to a place where the British army could land safely and take the enemy by surprise．突然袭击
(3)1 won't take much of your time．占去(时间)
The table takes up too much room．占去，占据(空间)
When he left school he took up journalism．从事(某项活动)，发展(某种爱好)
The teacher took up the lesson where he left off yesterday．继续讲述
(4)People should be ready to go to prison for their beliefs，but they should never take up arms to fight．拿起武器21世纪教育网
(5)When you return to the office the following morning or after the holiday，you can listen to the messages and take any necessary action．采取行动
(6)Jean took advantage of the lunch hour to finish her homework．利用
(7)I take back what I said．收回
(8)Take it easy．The roads are icy．不要着急
(9)He is taking over my job while I gill on holiday．接替，接管
(10)He seemed to take great pride in his work． 对……感到骄傲
(11)She had taken the trouble to buy the books for me．费力，不怕麻烦
(12)I'll take on the work，but I can’t tell you exactly when I'll finish it．从事21世纪教育网
The Great Wall has taken on a new look since the liberation． 呈现
Is the supermarket taking on any more assistants 雇用21世纪教育网
45．work out
(I)We must work out a plan as quickly as we can．制定，拟定，定出
Have you worked out this problem yet 算出，估计出
I can't work out the meaning of the poem．理解，弄懂，看出
This map is wron9；I can't work out where we are．判断，说出，看出
(2)Things will work out if you will just be patient．得到圆满解决，(进行)情况良好
If the traffic plan works out．it will be used in other cities too．进展情况良好
Things have worked out badly．(情况等)发展，进行21世纪教育网
方法技巧21世纪教育网
1．平时要进行大量阅读，在阅读中理解动词和动词词组的新意义，在具体的语境中选择恰当的动词。在平时学习中领悟动词的意义和用法，要特别注意一些最常用的词汇，如get，make，have，take等和一些难分辨的同义词(组)。
2．掌握动词词组的用法，加强对课程标准范围内的动词运用的练习，并注重时态和语态。
3．在区别动词和动词词组时应在以下几个方面特别注意：
(1)容易混淆近义词词义及用法，如：fit／suit；continue／last；help／aid；supply／provide。
(2)容易忽视语境中旬意对词义的限定。
(3)固定词组的意义混淆，如：hand over／take over；go in for／go into
(4)对动词词组的惯用法掌握不牢。
4．解题时，首先要研读题干，找出信息词，理顺句意，再作最佳选择。既要注意同义词(组)间的语法差异，还要注意它们之间的意义差异，如share和spare等。具体方法如下：
(1)分析语境。语境是作出正确判断的依据，离开了语境就无从选择恰当的词语。
(2)分析选项。仔细分析选项的意义，特别是释义较多的选项。根据旬意逐一对照筛选。
(3)寻找关键词。关键词对于作出正确选择起着举足轻重的作用。关键词可以是主语、宾语，或者前一分句或后一分句等。
易混易错
易混点知识总结21世纪教育网
1．advice，advise，persuade，suggest
(1)advice是名词，与动词advise只有一个字母之差，不可混淆。advice为不可数名词，不可说all advice，应说a piece of advice
(2)advise作“建议、劝告”解。是否“劝成”了，未必知道。其后常接①名词或代词；②动名词；③不定式复合结构；④that从句(从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气)。如：
We advised an early start．我们建议早点出发。
I advise his starting at once．我建议他马上开始。
He often advised people to use their brains．他常常劝人们多用脑子。
I advised that he(should)buy the book．我建议他买这本书。
(3)persuade作“劝服”解，强调劝说“成功”。常用于下列句型：
persuade sb．to do sth．和persuade sb．into doing sth．如：
They persuaded her to take the TOEFL(托福)exam．他们说服了她参加托福考试。
How can I persuade him into accepting the invitation
我怎么能说服他接受这个邀请呢 21世纪教育网
I tried to persuade him not to go to the cinema but he didn’t listen to me．我试图说服他不要去看电影但是他不听我劝告。(此句不可用persuaded代替tried to persuade，因为并未“成功”，只是试图说服。)
Though the doctor advised his patient to give up smoking，yet
he wasn’t able to persuade him to do so．虽然医生建议这个病人戒烟，但是，他没有能够说服他这样做。
(4)suggest是及物动词，常作“提议、建议”讲。后接①名词；②动名词；③疑问词+不定式短语；④从句，接从句时从句要用虚拟语气。其后不能接不定式和复合宾语。如：
Did he suggest anything to the boss
他向老板提什么建议了吗 21世纪教育网
I suggested going home．
我建议回家。
They have suggested(to me)that I(should)study medicine．
他们建议我学医。
He didn’t suggest what to do．
他没说怎么办。
注意：suggest后绝不能跟复合宾语。如：绝不可说He suggested her to take the money．应说成：He suggested that she should take the money．或说成：He suggested to her taking the money．其中，to不可省略。
2．announce，declare
(1)announce指正式地“公开，发表，宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。如：
The government announced that all the war prisoners would be set free．
政府宣布所有的战犯都要释放。
John announced to US his engagement to Mary．
约翰向我们宣布了他和玛丽订婚的消息。(注意announce后如需接间接宾语，则要在间接宾语前加to。) 21世纪教育网
It was announced that there would be a celebration on May 4th．
据宣布，5月4 13要举行庆祝会。21世纪教育网
(2)declare指正式和明确地向公众“宣布、宣告、声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。如：
The two countries declared war．
那两个国家宣战了。
In l898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature that gave out radiation．
1898年他们宣布他们相信在自然界存在着某种能发出辐射的东西。
注意：declare后可跟复合宾语，而announce不可。如：
They declared him(to be)a traitor to the country．
他们公开宣布他是国家的叛徒。21世纪教育网
The Chairman declared the meeting closed．
主席宣布闭会。
3．attend，enter for，join，take part in，join in，go in for，sit for
它们都可表示“参加”的意思，但用法不同。21世纪教育网
(1)attend是正式用语，可作及物动词或不及物动词。指参加会议或仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、上学、听报告等，强调的是发生这一动作的本身，而不强调参加者在活动中起的作用。如：
He’11 attend an important meeting tomorrow．
他明天要参加一个重要会议。
He often attends a night sch001．他经常去上夜校。
If they invite us，we’11 be delighted to attend．
如果他邀请我们，我们会高兴地参加。
(2)enter for意为“报名参加某项比赛或考试等”。
He decided not to enter for the race．
他决定不报名参加比赛。
(3)join意为：become a member of．…因此其宾语往往是某组织或团体，参军、入团、入党等。如：
My wish is to join the army after graduation． 21世纪教育网
我的愿望是毕业后参军。
We’11 have to join the nation-wide strike，too．21世纪教育网
我们也得参加这次全国性的罢工。
(4)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等，重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。如：
We’11 take part in social activities during summer vacation．
我们在暑假期间将参加社会活动。
注意：part前有修饰语时，要用不定冠词。如：
Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery．
林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制度。
(5)join(…)in指“加入……的行列一起参加某活动”。如：
Almost all the teams in our school joined in the basketball
tournament．
我校几乎所有的队都参加了这次篮球锦标赛。21世纪教育网
如果要表示“加入到他人的行列一起从事某项活动”，则要用join sb．in sth．如：
Our headmaster will join US in the discussion this afternoon．
校长今天下午要参加我们的讨论。
注意：参加说话人双方都清楚的活动时，in sth．可以省略。如：
Come and join us，Xiao Wan9．
小王，快来加入我们吧。
(6)go in for指参加某项比赛、考试。如：
Jack’s gone in for the long-jump，but I don’t think he has a chance to win．
杰克参加跳远比赛去了，但我想他没有获胜的机会。
注意：go in for还有“从事，爱好”的意思。如：
He goes in for swimmin9．他喜欢游泳。
(7)sit for表示“(准备)参加……的考试，为……应试”。如：
She sat for a scholarship but failed to win it．
她为获得奖学金而应试，但未成功。21世纪教育网
4．become，get，turn，go21世纪教育网
(1)指一个人的暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化，
可用become或get(后者较通俗)：become／get angry，famous，fat，ill，old，etc．生气、成名、发胖、得病、衰老等。
become和get还都可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。21世纪教育网
It’s becoming／getting cold／dark／cloudy…
天渐渐冷了／黑了／多云了……
Divorce is becoming／getting more common．
离婚现象越来越常见了。
(2)指某人肉体上或精神上由强转弱时，用go：go bald／deaf／insane，etc．变秃／彭疯等。go有时也指事物由强到弱(或由好变坏)。
The meat’s gone off／bad．肉变味了(坏了)。21世纪教育网
The radio’s gone wrong．收音机出毛病了。
(3)go和turn可用于指人或事物的颜色变化。
She went／turned blue with cold．她冻得脸色发(变)青了。
The rotten meat went／turned green．21世纪教育网
这块腐烂的肉变绿了。
(4)go一般不与old．tired，ill等连用，遇此情况要用其他连系动词。如：become／grow／get old变老；fall／become ill／sick生病；get／feel tired累了。
(5)turn后可以加年龄或时间，表示“达到或超过(某年龄或时间)”。如：
She turned forty last June．21世纪教育网
她去年6月份满40岁。
It’s turned midnight．已经午夜了。
(6)常用的系动词还有：
①单纯表示主语特征或状态的系动词：feel，look，sound，taste，smell，seem，appear等
②表示发生变化的连系动词，除上面的词之外还有：fall，drop，go，come，run等。
③表示保持某种状态的连系动词有remain，continue，stay，keep，rest，prove，turn out，stand等
④半系动词有：stand，sit，rise等。21世纪教育网
5．beat．defeat．win，gain
(1)beat／defeat+人／队打败……
We beat their team by lo points．我们赢了他们队l0分。
(2)gain + one’s living，experience，strength，time，knowledge，attention，respect，admiration
(3)win + game，war，prize，fame，battle
另外，win还可用作不及物动词，而gain在表示“赢得”这一意思时是个及物动词。如：
He gained／won the Nobel Prize for physics in l921．
他在1921年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。21世纪教育网
Which side won 哪一边胜了 21世纪教育网
To gain time．1 pretended that I had not heard the question．
为赢得(争取)时间，我假装没有听见这个问题。
Bill won／gained first prize for swimmin9．
比尔赢得了游泳的第一枚金牌。
We wouldn’t have won without your help．21世纪教育网
要不是因为你的帮助我们赢不了。
6．beat，hit，strike，tap
beat着重连续性地击打或体罚，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方；strike通常表示打一下、打若干下等意思，不一定都是有意的；hit指“打巾”或“对准……来打”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点；tap一般是轻轻拍打的意思。如：
The wheat was beaten down by the rain．
麦子被雨水打倒了。
He used to beat her black and blue．
他以前常把她打得青一块紫一块的。
The mother hit her son out of anger．
妈妈生气了，打了她儿子一下。
It(An ant)strikes a cow bug's back with its forelegs and feelers．
它(蚂蚁)用前腿和触角敲打蚜虫的背部。
It(An ant)taps on the other’s head with its feelers．
它(蚂蚁)用触角轻敲对方的头部。
7．catch．grab．grasp，seize，snatch
catch是普通用语，有“设法抓住、捉住”的意思；grab表示“突然地、粗鲁地抓住某物”；9rasp表示牢牢地“抓住”；seize指“突然用力抓住使不逃脱”；snatch表示迅速的拉扯动作、出其不意地“抓取”。如：
I caught him by the ear．我揪住他的耳朵。
He grabbed her arm and pulled her out of the fire．21世纪教育网
他抓住她的胳膊把她从大火中拉了出来。
He grasped his gun and rushed out．
他抓住枪就冲了出去。
Then with that man’s permission and even with his help，he seized her and took her away．
后来，在这个人的许可甚至帮助下，他把她抢走了。
He made a dive for the rejected clothing and began to snatch it this way and that．．．21世纪教育网
他冲向那堆顾客不要的衣服，翻来翻去……
8．fit，suit，match
前二者都用作动词，可指衣服“合适”或“适合”。fit指大小、尺寸合体；suit指颜色、花样或款式适合；match表示“与……相匹配／匹敌”。如：
The coat fits me well．这件上衣我穿着很合身。
These shoes don’t fit me——have you got a larger size
这双鞋我穿着不合适——你们有大点儿的吗
The color of the cloth suits a woman at my wife’s age．
这布的颜色适合我妻子那个年龄的妇女穿。
Red and black are colors that suit me well．
黑红两色是很适合我的颜色。21世纪教育网
The curtains and the carpets match perfectly．21世纪教育网
窗帘和地毯十分协调。
These curtains won’t match your carpet．
这些窗帘和你那块地毯不相配。
No one can match her at chess．下国际象棋谁也比不上她。
9．dress．wear，put on，have on
这儿个词都可表示“穿”，区别如下：
(1)表动作的词为put on和dress，但两者的搭配不同，put on+衣服，而dress + sb．+in+衣服。
She dressed the baby．她给婴儿穿衣服。
Put on your coat when you go out．出去时穿上外套。
She is dressing herself．她在穿衣服。21世纪教育网
(2)表状态的动词为have on，wear，be dressed in。have on
几乎等于wear，但have on作“穿着”讲时，不能用其现在分词形式，也不能用作被动语态。此外，wear除表示穿衣外，还表示戴表(花、纪念章等)以及留头发或胡须等，有时have on也这样用。
She was wearing her mother’s coat．21世纪教育网
她穿着她母亲的大衣。(不能用having on)
She has a red jacket on．她穿着一件红色的夹克。
She was dressed in red．她穿着红色衣服。
The girl was poorly dressed．这女孩衣着寒酸。
He was dressed as a woman．他男扮女装。21世纪教育网
He seldom wears a watch．他很少戴手表。
He wears his hair lon9．他留着长发。
They all had dark glasses on．他们都戴着墨镜。
10．divide，separate
两者均可表示“分开”：divide通常指把整体分为若干部分，其后常接介词into；而separate通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来，其后常接介词from。如：
The world is divided into seven continents．21世纪教育网
世界被分成七大洲。
Divide the money among the six of you．
这笔钱你们六个人分。
United we stand，divided we fall．团结则存，分裂则亡。
We’d better separate the good ones from the bad ones．
我们最好把好的和坏的分开。
The couple separated because they were not compatible．
这对夫妻因不合而分居。
The two parts of the pipe have separated at the joint．
这个管子从接口处分成两截了。
11．cure，treat
(1)用作动词，两者都可表示“治疗”，但含义有区别：cure通常强调结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病；而treat则通常强调过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思。比较：
A few days’ rest will cure you．休息几天你的病就好了。
The dentist is treating my teeth．牙科医生在给我看牙。
(2)注意以下两句cure和treat所搭配的介词不同：
The doctors cured her of cancer．医生治好了她的癌症。
Which doctor is treating you for your illness 哪个医生在给你看病
有时用于引申义。如：
Parents try to cure their children of bad habits．21世纪教育网
父母设法纠正孩子们的不良习惯。
(3)cure表示“治疗”，可用作名词。若表示“对……的治疗”或“治疗……的方法”，一般用介词for。如：
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet
迄今癌症有有效的治疗方法吗
Scientists have so far failed to provide a cure for the common cold．
科学家们到目前为止还没有找到一种治疗普通感冒的方法。
16．Appreciate, thank
两者均可表示“感激”．但有区别：即appreciate的宾语是事或事物，而thank的宾语必须是人。
易错题总结
1．It was not a serious illness，and she soon _______ it．
A．got over B．got on with C．got around D．got out of21世纪教育网
[答案] A
[易错选项]D
[解析] 句意：这不是一种严重的病．她很快就恢复过来了。
get over=to return to one’s usual state of health从疾病中恢复过来；get on with……的进展，与……相处；get around逃避，回避；get out出版，发表，生产，逃走。例如：
(1)He’s just getting over an illness．21世纪教育网
(2)How are you getting on with your English
(3)How is he getting on with you
(4)If you are clever you can get around the tax laws．
[温馨提示] get over还有“克服、把……忘怀、熬过”的意思。
2．The final examination is coming up soon．It’s time for us to_____ our studies．
A．get down to B．get out C．get back for D．get over
[答案] A21世纪教育网
[易错选项] C
[解析] 句意：期终考试即将来临，该是我们复习功课的时候了。get down to开始认真对待，认真考虑；get out(使)出去，离开，逃脱；get back for回来，恢复；get over(从疾病、失败中)恢复过来。
[温馨提示] get down to中的to为介词，后加名词、代词或动名词等。
3．I think you’ll grow______ him when you know him better．
A．1iking B．to be like C．to like D．to be liking
[答案] C
[易错选项] A21世纪教育网
[解析] 句意：我想如果你更好地了解了他，你就会渐渐地喜欢上他。此处grow意为“变得”，后面常加不定式作宾语，表示“慢慢变得”。例如：They grew to believe that she was a witch．B项错误．因为be like意为“像……”，这与句意相去甚远。
[温馨提示] grow to like／hate／respect表示渐渐喜欢／憎恨／尊敬。
4．What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has______
A．given out B．put out C．held up D．used up21世纪教育网
[答案] A
[易错选项]D
[解析] 旬意：如果世界上的石油全部用完，我们将用什么作为能源 give out=come to an end／be used up用完，耗尽：put out扑灭；hold up阻止，支持，
[温馨提示] Something gives out．=Something is used up．
5．The traffic lights _______ green and I pulled away．
A．came B．grew C．got D．went21世纪教育网
[答案]D
[易错选项] B
[解析]从句意看，“当绿灯亮时，我开车走了”，此处需一个表示“变化”的系动词。grow表示渐变的过程，动作不可逆；come／get不可逆的动作，但一般不与表示颜色的词连用；
go=turn动作既可逆也不可逆。所以，此处只能选D项。
[温馨提示] 表示颜色变化，常用go或turn。
6．Three days________ and we had to give it up．21世纪教育网
A．1ater B．after C．passed D．past
[答案] C
[易错选项] A
[解析] 句意：三天过去了，我们不得不放弃了。并列连词and在本句中需连接两个句子．前面的句子缺谓语动词，故答案为C项。
[温馨提示]A、B、D三项不作谓语。如把and改为逗号，答案为A或B项。
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