专题九 定语从句和名词性从句

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名称 专题九 定语从句和名词性从句
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专题九 定语从句和名词性从句
超级预测
知识预测
五年高考有关定语从句和名词性从句考点分布
考点年份 名词性从句 定语从句
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
2005年 1 8 2 3 15
2006年 3 3 1 3 10
2007年 4 5 2 0 15
2008年 5 3 1 1 12
2009年 2 7 0 4 15
小计 15 26 6 11 67
合计 58 67
从表格中可以看出,定语从句仍是近几年高考的热点。2009年高考共考了l5道定语从句题。主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词(2009辽宁,23;2009安徽,30);非限制性定语从句(特别是先行词是整个句子时)(2009全国Ⅱ,l7;2009山东,24);“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句(2009宁夏·海南,全国l,28)。此外,非限制性定语从句关系代词as和which的区别是近年来的热点之一;对于表地点的先行词模糊化(2009浙江,14)为近年来高考的难点。
同时,五年高考中关于名词性从句主要考查语序问题及连接词的选用。在连接词的选用中考查连接词that的有5道题,对whether/if的考查有两道题;特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句有3道题;wh-ever引导的名词性从句有3道题。
2010年对定语从句及名词性从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1.定语从句的考查要点:
(1)关系词的使用,特别是which,that,when,where等;
(2)介词与关系代词连用时,介词的选用;
(3)as引导的定语从句;
(4)只用that的情况;
(5)只用which的情况;
(6)关系代词与关系副词的选用;
(7)定语从句与强调句型的区别。
2.名词性从句的考查要点:
(1)what,that引导名词性从句的区别;
(2)whether,if引导名词性从句的区别;
(3)名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的区别;
(4)it作形式主语、宾语。
能力测试
复合句是英语语言中重要的句子结构之一,高考将继续重视对复合句的考查,试题的立意将注重对形容词性从句和名词性从句中相关基础知识的考查。因此,考生应具备以下几方面的能力:
1.名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句及其三要素是连接词、语序和时态。21世纪教育网
2.定语从句在高考中是从未间断过考查的语法点,所以,考生应熟练掌握引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择;非限制性定语从句(特别是先行词是整个句子时);由whose,where,that,as和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句;非限制性定语从句中关系代词as和which的区别。
超值储存
知识能力储备
知识点总结一 定语从句
一、关系代词的用法
(一)关系代词that和which的用法
1.限制性定语从句中,必须用关系代词that的情况:
(1)当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one时。如:
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
你有什么要说的吗
You should hand in that you have.
你应该把你所有的一切都上交。
(2)当先行词前面被the only,the very(恰恰,正好),any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时。如:
This is the very bus that I'm waiting for.
这就是我正在等的车。
The only thing that we can do is(to)give you some money.
我们唯一能做的事就是给你一些钱。21世纪教育网
(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。如:
This is the best that has been used against pollution.
这是曾经用过的抗污染的最好办法。
This is the most interesting film shat I've ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。如:
This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.
这是去苏州的最后一班列车。
What is the first American film that you have seen
你看过的第一部美国电影是什么
(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。如:
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about
你知道他们谈论的事和人吗
(6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。如:
Which is the book that you lost
哪本是你丢的书
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
得金牌的男孩是谁
(7)有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that。如:
They secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution.
他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂,这家工厂生产可能造成污染的东西。
(8)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。如:
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
2.定语从句中,必须用which的情况:
(1)在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用that。如:
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which.of course,made the others envy him.
Helen对最小的儿子比对其他的几个儿子好,这一点让其他的几个儿子很嫉妒。
(2)当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that。如:
This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.
这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。21世纪教育网
注意:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如:
This is the pen(which/that)I'm looking for.
不可以说:This is the pen for which I'm looking.
(二)关系代词whose的用法
This is the house whose window broke last night.
=This is the house, The window of which broke last night.
=This is the house, of which the window broke last night.
(注意彩体部分的形式和顺序)这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。
(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),即:介词+which/whom。
1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词只能用which或whom,关系代词不能省略。如:
(1)He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
他付给男孩l0美元擦洗l0个窗户,大部分窗户至少一年没擦了。
(2)In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上,她没有一个可以求助的人。
2.在限制性定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物),that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。如:
that
This is the hero who we are proud of.
whom
(可省略)
这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。
that
This is the pen I wrote the letter with.
which
(可省略)
这是我写信用的钢笔。
3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。如:
He lived in a big house.in front of which stood a big tall tree.
4.介词+which/whom+不定式结构
The poor man has no house in which to live.
=The poor man has no house to live in.
=The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
The beggar has no money with which to buy food.21世纪教育网
=The beggar has no money to buy food with.
=The beggar has no money that he can buy food with
那个乞丐没钱买吃的。
(四)关系代词as,which的区别
1.as引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容,而不是主句中的某一个词。如:
The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect.
2.当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时,只能用as。如:
As is known to everybody ,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
=The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody
=It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
=What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
众所周知,月球每月绕地球转一次。
(后两句属名词性从句范畴)
另外,as多用于下列习惯用语中:as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样;as is well.known=as is known to all众所周知;as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样;as often happens正如经常发生的那样;as has been said before如上所述;as is mentioned above正如上面提到的。
3.当定语从句放在主句后面时,也并不是as就永远等于which。21世纪教育网
(1)当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。如:
He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected).
(2)当as在从句中作主语时,后面常接动词的被动语态。如:be known,be said,be reported,be announced等。如果从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般用which作主语。如:
She has been absent again, as is expected.
她又缺席了,这在预料之中。
Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me very happy.
汤姆进步很快,这使我很高兴。
(3)as常用在as(it)seems likely,as(it)often happens,as (it)was printed out,as(it)was said earlier,as I remember(it),as I understand(it),as(it)appears等结构中。如:
Jack has won the first prize, as it often happens.
像往常一样,杰克得了一等奖。
She has read widely in Romantic literature,as it appears from her essay.
她广泛涉猎了浪漫主义文学,这从她的文章中可以看出来。
三、关系副词的用法
(一)当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。其
中when=表时问的介词(如:in,at,during等)+which;where=表地点的介词(如:in,at,on,under等)+which;why=表原因的介词(如:for)+which;how=表方式的介词(如:in)+
which。如:
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. When = on which)
我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。
Can you tell me the office where he works (where = in which)
你能告诉我他工作的办公室吗 21世纪教育网
Do you know the reason why he is absent (why = for which)
你知道他缺席的原因吗
(二)介词+关系代词(which)=where/when。有时为表达清楚,还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from,to等。如:
China is the birth place of kites,from where kite flying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.
中国是风筝的故乡,从这里风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
(三)高考对关系副词where的考查。
高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂,从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“模糊化的地点”。事实上,对于where这个词.考生不能只理解为表地点。当先行词表示某人/物的situation,或某事所发展的stage,或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。如:
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。
这种用法不是仅仅限于定语从句,特殊疑问句中的where,名词性从句中的where都有这种用法。如:21世纪教育网
Where will all this trouble lead
这件麻烦事会惹出什么结果
That is where here you are mistaken.
这就是你的错误所在。
四、关系副词和关系代词的比较
引导定语从句的关系代词及关系副词除了起连接先行词和从句的作用外,它们还有一个最重要的作用,那就是它们分别在定语从句中作成分。具体地说,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此,在选择关系词时,最重要的是分析一下定语从句中的成分,若从句中缺主语、宾语或表语,那么必须用关系代词;若从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语,那么必须用关系副词。21世纪教育网
试比较下面的句子:
(1)Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao
你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗
(2)Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao
你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗
在句(1)中,定语从句中缺宾语,因此须用关系代词that/which来引导从句;而在句(2)中,定语从句中不缺主语,也不缺宾语,因此须用关系副词when来引导从句。
五、定语从句用法其他要点
(一)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,不可省略
(二)定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时,那么定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数方面应该与先行词保持一致。
1.one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词。如:
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous building that draw lots of visitors
长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。
Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.
《泰坦尼克号》是好莱坞生产的最精彩的电影之一。
2.the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词。如:
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
长城是地球上唯一一个能从月球上看到的建筑物。
Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.
在这些精彩的电影中,《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部由好莱坞制作的电影。
注意:not the only one of...=one of...如:
Tom isn’t the only one of the boys who have passed the exam.
=Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.
汤姆并非是唯一通过考试的男孩。
=汤姆只是通过考试的男孩中的一个。
3.当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句内容时,若as与which作主语,则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如:21世纪教育网
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
众所周知,中国发生了巨大的变化。
He has passed the college entrance examination,which makes his parents quite happy.
他通过了大学入学考试,这一点让他父母很高兴。
4.其他情况:21世纪教育网
1,who am your teacher,will try my best to help you.
我——你的老师,将会尽力帮助你。
To own a computer in families,which we thought was impossible twenty years ago,now becomes true.
家里有台电脑,这种在20年前被认为不可能的事,现在变成真事儿了。
(三)注意way和time后接定语从句的情况
1.当先行词是way意为“方式、方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式。如:
in which
What surprised me was not what he said but the wag that he said it.
不填
注意下面两个句子中关系词的不同,试比较:
that
The way which he explained to us was quite simple.
不填
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。21世纪教育网
that
The way in which he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
不填
2.先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲时,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可省略;若time作“一段时间”讲时,应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。如:
This is the second time(that)the President has visited the country.
这是总统第二次访问这个国家。
This was at a time when/during which there were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets.
曾经有一个时期没收音机,没电话也没电视。
知识点总结二 名词性从句
一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四种从句结构:以that引导的从句;以whether/if引导的从句;以特殊疑问词引导的从句;以what或wh-ever等连接代词引导的名词性关系从句。此外,as if/as though也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表:
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
作及物动词宾语 作介词宾语
that 一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略
whether/if(是否) 放于句首时只用whether 用whether/if均可,但有区别 只用whether 只用whether 只用whether
二、that从句
(一)主语从句
1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:
(1)It + be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。如:
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
可以肯定她会考得很好。
It is probable that he told her everything.
很可能他把一切告诉了她。
(2)It + be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。如:
Our team has won the game.
我们队赢了比赛并不吃惊。
(3)It + be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,
decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。如:
It is said that that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.
据说格林先生已经到北京了。
It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
已经决定把会议推迟到下周一了。
2.在口语和非正式文体中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,that总是不必要的,但that从句位于句首时,连词hat是绝对不能省略的。如:
It’s a pity(that) you’re leaving.
你要走了,真遗憾。
That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.
我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息。
(二)宾语从句21世纪教育网
1.常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,be sure,be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think,make,consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。如:
Do you know (that) he has joined the army
你知道他参军了吗
He has made it clear that he will not give in.21世纪教育网
他不会屈服的,这一点他已明确表示了。
2.that从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except,in等介词的宾语。如:
He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.
他是个好学生,就是有点儿粗心。
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.
他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在读书上。
其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语。如:
You may depend on it that I shall always help you.
你要相信我会一直帮助你的。21世纪教育网
(三)表语从句
that引导表语从句时,不可省略。如:
My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
(四)同位语从句
连词that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词之后,如:fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。如:
There’s a feeling in me that we’11 never know what a UFO is not ever.
我有一种感觉,那就是我们绝不会知道UFO是什么—永远都不会知道。
三、whether/if(是否)
(一)在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时,也只能用whether不用if;当it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时用whether或if均可;discuss后必须用whether引导宾语从句。如:
Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首)
=The problem is whether the meeting will be given.(表语从句)
=I have no idea whether the meeting will be given.(同位语从句)
是否要开会仍然是个问题。
(2)It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句尾)
他是否要来这里还不能确定。21世纪教育网
(二)在宾语从句中:
1.在及物动词后:21世纪教育网
(×)I don’t care whether he doesn’t come.(whether从句中不能有否定式)
(√)I don’t care if he doesn’t come.(宾语从句为否定句时用if)
(√)I don,t care whether/if he comes or not.
(√)I don't care whether or not he comes.
(×)I don’t care if or not he comes.
(√)I don’t know whether to go there.
2.在介词后:
在介词后只用whether,不用if。如:
It depends on whether you call do the work well.
那要取决于你是否能做好这项工作。21世纪教育网
四、名词性关系从句
名词性关系从句是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。what是最常用来引导名词性关系从句的关系代词,此时what=the thing(s)which/that,有时what可以用作前置定语,如
what help,what funny stories等。此外,whoever=anyone who;whichever=anyone/anything that(whichever也可指人);whatever=anything that(whichever和whatever也可作定语)。有时where=the place where和when=the time when也可以用来引导名词性关系从句。
(一)主语从句
What they need is a good textbook.
他们所需要的是一本好课本。
Whichever he likes will be given to him.21世纪教育网
所有他喜欢的东西都会给他。
Whichever book he bought would be paid for.
无论他买了哪一本书都要(替他)付款。
Whoever did this job must be rewarded.
无论谁干了这项工作都一定会得到酬谢。
(二)宾语从句
She will give Whoever (=anyone who)needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
She walked up to where(=the place where)he stood.
她走到他站着的地方。(作介词宾语)
I can judge by what(=the things that)I know of him.
我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。(作介词宾语)
You Can write about whatever topic(=any topic that)you prefer.你可以写你喜欢的任何题目。(作介词宾语)
(三)表语从句
This is where our problem lies.21世纪教育网
这就是我们的问题所在。
Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient.
明天是最方便的时候。
(四)同位语从句
I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.
我给了这个女孩一个大洋娃娃,那正是她渴望拥有的东西。
(五)名词性关系从句还可以作宾语补足语
We’11 make him whatever he is fit for.
他适合干什么,我们就培养他干什么。
I’11 call the baby whatever name you like.
你喜欢哪一个名字,我就叫小孩哪一个名字。
He has made the company what it is today.
他把公司办成了今天这个样子。21世纪教育网
方法技巧储备
从句的学习并非一日之功,平时应加强对从句语法特征和语义特征的思考,形成纯正的英语思维能力。如果不能形成这种思维能力,而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语问题,大量失误是在所难免的。因此,笔者建议,在平日的阅读过程中,碰到从句的时候,要停下来,想一想它的功能和意义。经过认真思考之后,将典型的从句分门别类、整理建档,以备考前复习巩固。学习过程中,可遵循以下规律:
1.发散思维法提倡发散思维,切忌单向思维,考查各种从属句,常常是不同类型的连接词语连缀而至,如果不抓住这一点,不从多方面思考选择,就容易以偏概全,误入歧途。
2.弄清主从复合句中的每一个从属连接词的意思、用法、主句与从句在时态上的呼应、语气、是否需要倒装、固定搭配及逻辑常识等。
3.熟记句型及特殊表达形式。
4.注意各分句之间的特点及区别。
5.注意有些连接词的省略情况及省略后某些语序发生的变化。
做题时,具体思路如下:①通读全句,首先考虑是不是某种句型,如强调句型;②题干句若是疑问句,首先把它恢复为正常语序;③考查设空的前前后后,确定相关从句的性质;④确定从句性质后,回忆相关从句的用法特点,从而作出取舍;⑤注意标点符号和并列连词(and,but)的作用;⑥将选项代入句子,看前后是否语意贯通。
易混易错储备
易混点知识总结 名词性从句的几个重要用法21世纪教育网
1.that通常不可省略的情况
(1)主语从句,that从句置于句首时;
(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略;
(3)由it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中,that也不可省略。
2.Wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别
Wh-ever既可引导名词性关系从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。如:
Whatever I said.he wouldn’t listen to me.
=No matter what I said.he wouldn’t listen to me.
无论我说什么,他都不会听我的。(让步状语从句)
He would believe whatever I said.21世纪教育网
我说什么他都信。(宾语从句)
另外,在whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever中,ever起强调作用,意为“究竟、到底”。如:
Whatever have you been 你究竟去了哪里
3.as if/as though,because,why也可引导表语从句。如:
It looked as if it was going to rain.
好像要下雨。
That’s because he didn’t work hard enough.
那是因为他工作不够努力。
That was why I asked for three days’ leave.
那就是我请了三天假的原因。
注意:because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason或cause,而且since,as不能引导表语从句。
4.连词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别
连词that引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词之后,如fact,hope,desire,thought等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不担当任成分,因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的,不缺任何成分。21世纪教育网
关系代词that引导定语从句时,关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用;另一方面,that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此,that引导的定语从句是残缺的。如:
The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位语从句,不缺任何成分)
我们足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。
The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.(定语从句,缺少宾语)
我们在收音机里听到的消息不是真的。
易错题总结
1.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _____ road conditions need ________ .21世纪教育网
A.that;to be improved B.which;to be improved
C.where;improving D.when;improving
[答案] A
[易错选项] B
[解析] 句意:在私家车的普及过程中存在一个新的问题,那就是路况需要改善。“that road conditions need to be improved(路况需要改善)”作“problem(问题)”的同位语。
[温馨提示] Road conditions need to be improved.=Road conditions need improving.
2.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _____ I disagree.
A.why B.where C.what D.how
[答案] B
[易错选项] C
[解析] 句意:你总是说人人平等,而在这一点上我不同意你的看法。此题考查where引导名词性关系从句的用法,where表示抽象概念,disagree是不及物动词,故不能选C。
[温馨提示] This is where I disagree.=This is what I disagree to/with.
3.The poor young man is ready to accept help ______ he can get.
A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever
[答案] C
[易错选项] D21世纪教育网
[解析] 句意:那位贫穷的年轻人乐意接受他能得到的任何帮助。考查宾语从句中连词的用法。根据句意应该用关系代词,故排除B、D两项;whatever与whichever的区别在于
whatever没有范围,而whichever有范围。又如:①Whatever he does is reasonable.他做的任何事情都很有道理。(没有范围)②Take whichever hat suits you best.挑个最适合你戴的帽子。(有范围,指的是这里的帽子中的任何一顶帽子)
[温馨提示] 掌握whatever与whichever的区别是做好本题的关键。
4.一Why does she always ask you for help
一There is no one else ________ ,is there 21世纪教育网
A.who to turn to B.she can turn to
C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn
[答案] B
[易错选项] C
[解析] 句意:——她为什么总是向你寻求帮助 ——她没有人可以求助,不是吗 本题考查定语从句用法。先行词是no one else,将先行词代入定语从句后为:she can turn to no one else。由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作turn to的宾语,先行词又表示“人”,故用that/who/whom引导或将that/who/whom省略。
[温馨提示] 在考查定语从句的同时,考查动词短语是高考命题的思路之一。
5.The shopkeeper didn’t want to sell for _____ he thought was not enough.
A.where B.how C.what D.which
[答案] C21世纪教育网
[易错选项] D
[解析] 句意:那位店主不想以他认为不够高的价格出售他的商品。本题考查宾语从句用法。本题的解题思路是:The shopkeeper didn’t want to sell for the price he thought was not enough.→the shopkeeper didn’t want to sell for the price that he thought was not enough.→ shopkeeper didn’t want to sell for what he thought was not enough.
[温馨提示] what引导名词性从句相当于“名词+that引导的定语从句”。
6.Our teacher said French is the most beautiful tongue in the world and _____ he was determined to teach it well.
A./ B.besides C.that D.also
[答案] C
[易错选项] A
[解析] 句意:我们的老师说法语是世界上最动听的语言,他决心教好这门语言。并列连词and连接两个并列的宾语从句,第一个that引导的从句可以省略that,而第二个从句不能省略that。
[温馨提示] besides,also为副词,不能引导宾语从句。21世纪教育网
7.Is this the watch you wish _______
A.to have it repaired B.to repair it
C.to have repaired it D.to have repaired
[答案] D
[易错选项] A
[解析] 句意:这是你想修的那块手表吗 主句为:Is this the watch 后面为定语从句,先行词是the watch,代入定语从句后为:You wish to have the watch repaired.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作宾语,引导词用that/which或将that/which省略。
[温馨提示] have sth.done意为:让别人做某事。
8.He told us ______ he had done after schoo1.
A.that all B.all which C.what all D.all what
[答案] D
[易错选项] C
[解析] 句意:他把放学后所做的事情都告诉了我们。由于受定势思维影响,有些考生认为没有all what形式,故首先排除了D项。21世纪教育网
[温馨提示] He told us all what he had done after schoo1.与He told all of us what he had done after schoo1.意思相同。
9.Here is a notebook,in which the names of the classmates_______ .
A.were written B.was written
C.wrote D.written
[答案] A
[易错选项] B
[解析] 句意:这里有个笔记本,上面写着同学们的名字。逗号后面为倒装了的定语从句,定语从句中的主语为the names,故答案为A项。
[温馨提示] 本句中定语从句变为普通句式为:in which the names of the classmates were written . 21世纪教育网
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