中考二轮复习题型专题三 阅读理解之五选四解析及真题练习

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专题三：阅读理解之五选四
一、题型综述
该题型要求考生根据短文内容，从文后所给的句子中选出适当的句子填入短文空白处，其考查内容有细节与细节的关系、主题与细节的关系以及大主题与小主题的关系等。
二、解题策略
1．把握文章整体，了解文章大意
首先通读全文，掌握文章大意。解此类题的关键是把握文章的整体意义，特别要分析文章前后内容之间的联系，以保持文章内容的连贯性、结构的紧凑性以及逻辑的严密性，并作为还原句子的依据。21·cn·jy·com
2．分析选项，瞻前顾后
认真分析选项及文章，尤其是文章空格处前后两句话中的代词究竟指代的是什么。可以参照时间的先后顺序，前后因果关系等；也可以根据上句的信息推断下句的信息，通过下句的信息推断上句的信息。这样前后对照、承上启下、上贯下通，抓住文章的脉络，更容易恢复原文的语义。2-1-c-n-j-y
3．根据空格位置，判断选项特征
(1)空格位于段首时：此时，空格处通常为该段的主题句，找到该段的关键词，选项中能与之接近的即为答案。
(2)空格位于段尾时：空格处有时为该段的主题句(同上)；有时为总结句，即首尾呼应之句，此时应着重看首句，对照选项，找出重合之解；有时为承上启下的过渡句，此时应注意下段文章，找出下段文章的关键词，对照选项，与本段重合的即为答案。
(3)空格位于段中时：空格若在主题句后，则为主题句之扩展句，找出与关键词有关的选项；空格若在段中间，则依据前后句判断。
(4)空格为独立段时：此时应注意看空格上、下两段的文意，判断是顺承还是转承，若前后所讲的为同一个意思，则空格段为论据；若前后所讲的为几个不同的意思，则空格段或为过渡段，或为新话题段，注意找出含有下段关键词的选项。
注意：当选项中出现了序数词或选择性代词时，如secondly，the third，on the other hand，another等，一定要注意看文章中是否已“埋伏”了这些词的对应词。一般来说，出现这些词时，可首先考虑该选项。
4．重读还原后的原文，验证答案与原文是否连贯
选项选好后，应将所选的选项代入文中去验证，检查全篇文章是否贯通流畅，内容是否清晰，前后意思是否矛盾，相近的选项是否颠倒顺序，是否符合上下文的逻辑关系，等等。
{真题解析}
二、阅读理解(淄博2016年真题)
阅读短文D，根据短文内容，从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Death Valley is a huge place.It is more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of the state of California, and across the border(边界) with the state of Nevada.
__22__ It can be dangerously cold during the winter months.The air temperature during the summer can be as high as 57℃.The heat of Death Valley has killed people in the past.It will continue to kill those who do not honor the climate.Death Valley does not forgive(原谅) those who are not careful.
Death Valley was named by a woman in 1849.__23__ Thousands of people from other parts of the country traveled to the gold mining(开采) areas in California.They were in a hurry to get there before other people did.21cnjy.com
Many people were not careful.They made bad choices or wrong decisions.One group of people had reached Death Valley by December.They avoided the terrible heat of summer, but there was not enough water.There were few plants for their work animals to eat.The people could not find a pass through the tall mountains to the west of the valley.__24__ They had to kill their work animals for food and began to walk out of the valley.
As they left，one woman looked back and said，“Good－bye，death valley.”__25__
A．Slowly，they ran out of food.
B．Death Valley has a long history.
C．The name has never been changed.
D．Death Valley is a beautiful but dangerous place.
E．That was the year after gold was discovered in California.
22．________　23.________　24.________　25.________
答案：22. D 23.E 24.A 25. C
解析：
本文讲述了美国死亡谷的名称的由来。
22.D 空格位于段首，是该段的主题句。从该段内容来看，讲的是死亡谷的危险，关键词是“dangerous”，故答案为D。【版权所有：21教育】
23. E 空格位于段中，主题句首句的后面，是主题句的扩展，首句讲到在1849年，该空格是对这一年的进一步说明，另外，根据后一句得知，上千人是来采金矿的，在内容上与该句“gold was discovered in California”相呼应，故答案为E。
24.A 空格位于段中，根据后句“They had to kill their work animals for food（他们杀了他们用于工作的动物吃）”可知他们的食物都吃完了，故答案为A。
25.C 空格位于段尾，是对上一句的承接，意思是在这个妇女第一次叫了“death valley”之后，这个名字就再也没有变过，故答案为C。
{实战演练}
（一）（潍坊市2016年真题）
Now students' English handwriting gets worse and worse.That makes their teachers feel worried.Is your English handwriting beautiful If not，here are four steps that really work!
◆Use paper that has lines.
Using paper that has lines can keep your writing straight when you write English words or sentences.__1__ Be sure to fill the lined space completely.And make sure those capital letters(大写字母) are written properly.21*cnjy*com
◆Slow down.
If your handwriting is hard to read，try slowing down a little.__2__ If you write too fast，it's hard for you to stop where you should，and even worse，you may make more mistakes.
◆__3__
When you hold you pencil in the correct way，writing is much easier.Some kids press down really hard when they write.That makes the handwriting not nice.Try to relax yourself and don't hold the pencil so hard.Let your writing appear nice and neat.If you do so，people will think you are a student with a good habit.
◆Draw more pictures.
Drawing can improve your handwriting.You need to use the skills to control your pencil better when you are drawing pictures.Even though you have no chance to draw at school，you can practice by yourself at home.
__4__ Imagine you are a world－famous movie star or a well－known sports player，what do you do when fans run up to you Give them your autographs(亲笔签名)，of course!
根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。
A．Hold your pencil right.
B．Sit on the seat straight.
C．Handwriting is very important.
D．For some kids，going slower makes the handwriting clear.21教育名师原创作品
E．Those lines on the paper can help you write words in the right size.
1．________　2.________　3.____________　4.__________
答案：1.E　2.D　3．A　4.C
（二）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
It was Sunday.I took my daughter Tina to the hospital to visit her cousin Mike.It was the first time for Tina to go to a hospital.She had her teddy Elvis with her.In the hospital, there were many sick children.
“__1__” a little boy asked.
“Elvis.He likes hot chocolate and fruit cakes.Do you have a teddy？”
“Yes.But we cannot bring it here，” a girl said.“It is not hygi...hygia...”
“Hygienic(卫生的)，” a nurse said.The nurse told Tina the children were too sick to play with a teddy.“__2__” she added.
When we came back from the hospital, Tina was quiet.The whole afternoon, she was busy drawing.
“Mom, can we give these pictures to the children？__3__”
“Yes，dear! We can go now！”
Helping others is the best present in the world.An hour later, every child in the hospital had a teddy.The children were happy.__4__
A．Tina also felt happy to help them.
B．Whom do you come here with
C．Although they like teddy very much.
D．What's your teddy's name
E．They really want a teddy.
1．________　2.________　3.____________　4.__________
答案：1.D　2.C　3.E　4.A
（三）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
You may feel comfortable with some people.You spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them half a life.These people have something in common.And once we know what it is, we can try to do it ourselves.www-2-1-cnjy-com
How is it done？__1__If you follow the skills, you'll make friends with people quickly.
First of all, good talkers ask questions.__2__One well－known businesswoman says, “At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning.It's a common question, but it will get things going.” From there you can move on to some other questions.And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.
__3__This point seems clear, but it isn't.Your question should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to.And to find out, you really have to listen carefully and attentively.
Real listening at least means some things.__4__If someone sticks to one topic, it means he's really interested in it.Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to tones(声调)of voice.If the voice sounds boring, then, it's time for you to change the subject.
A．Almost anyone will answer a question.
B．Here are several skills that good talkers have.
C．If you want to see that person again, don't keep it a secret.
D．First, it means not to change the subject of the conversation.
E．Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers.
1．________　2.________　3.____________　4.__________
答案：1.B　2.A 3．E　4.D
（四）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
Why a goal is so important in your life？Because it can help you experience what you want in life.And it also allows you to make your life happen.
__1__ It's like having a sign to show you where you want to go.Think of it this way.There are two drivers.One has a place to go to clearly in mind which can be found on a map.He can drive straight there surely without any wasted time.The other driver has no goal，or a map.He starts off at the same time from the same place.But he drives aimlessly (漫无目的地) around.Which driver do you want to be
So those winners in life always have goals.__2__ Unsuccessful people usually just let life happen by accident.Goals aren't difficult to set and they aren't difficult to reach.__3__ You are the one who must decide what to achieve in your life.
Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it.Written goals can be reviewed usually.__4__ Also when you write your goals in your own way，you are able to make yourself realize situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
A．They are harder to forget.
B．Everyone has goals，in fact.　
C．It's up to you to find out what your goals really are.
D．With goals you can know what you are doing for.
E．They decide what they want in their life.
1．________　2.________　3.____________　4.__________
答案：1.D　2.E 3．C　4.A　
（五）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
Have you taken photos by using mobile phones with selfie sticks (自拍杆)？__1__
However，a pair of US artists from New Mexico，Aric Snee and Justin Crowe believe they have invented a better one and they call it “selfie arms”．__2__ It makes those people in the pictures seem to be holding hands with a loved one.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
The pair says it offers a far better experience than using a straight stick.The selfie arm makes people feel they are not alone when they take photos.__3__ They think their invention solves the main problem that selfie stick has—people look alone while they are taking pictures of themselves in great interest.The product，at present，just an art project and a model，conveniently provides you a welcoming arm.And better yet in the future，it'll talk in a friendly way never get angry or upset.The pair say they are fascinated with their new ideas.
The “selfie arm” is made of fiberglass.__4__
The project that they work on shows the growing selfie stick phenomenon(现象) directly and the increasing need for narcissism (自恋) and Internet agreement.
A．It is lightweight and easy－taking.
B．Thousands of “selfie arms” have been made.
C．It seems that they are together with their friends.21世纪教育网版权所有
D．For better or worse，they have taken the world by storm.
E．This new invention is a useful tool.
1．________　2.________　3.____________　4.__________
答案：1.E　2.D　3．C　4.A
（六）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
A Frenchman went to a small Italian town and was staying with his wife at the best hotel there. One night, he went out for a walk alone. It was late. 1 Suddenly he felt someone behind him. He turned his head and saw an Italian young man who quickly walked past him. The man was nearly out of sight when the Frenchman suddenly found that his watch was gone. He thought that it must be the Italian who had taken his watch. 2 Because he wanted to get back the watch.
Soon the Frenchman caught up with the Italian. Neither of them understood the other’s language. The Frenchman shook his fist(拳头) in the Italian’s face and pointed at the watch.
3 In the end he gave up his watch to the Frenchman.
When he returned to the hotel, the Frenchman told his wife what had happened. He was greatly surprised when his wife pointed to the watch on the table. Now he realized that by mistake he had robbed(抢劫) the Italian. 4
A. The Italian was afraid.
B. It was the Italian’s watch.
C. He decided to follow him.
D. The Frenchman got excited.
E. The street was dark and quiet.
1．________　2.________　3.____________　4.__________
答案：1.E 2.C 3.A 4.B
（七）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
Not enough American students want to be engineers，businessmen or scientists.The US government wants to change that.The government will spend three billion dollars on the education of young Americans in science，technology，engineering and math.__1__
Many jobs in the STEM fields will open in the coming years.The aims of the government's investment (投资) is to increase the number of Americans who can take those jobs.__2__Only 25 percent of STEM students are girls.21·世纪*教育网
Camsie McAdams is at the US Education Department.She says girls simply do not feel welcomed in STEM subjects.
Debbie Sterling is an engineer.She invented a toy for girls.The name of the toy is “Goldie Blox”．To interest girls，Sterling created the character “Goklie”．__3__．Goklie tells stories，solves difficult problems and builds new worlds.
Mia is a seven－year－old girl who likes science.In her room，she has no fashion dolls.Instead，she received a set of Goldies Blox from her grandmother.She learned to make a machine with the blocks (积木)．
Experts say parents should do more than just buy toys to interest their girls in STEM subjects.__4__．At school，girls should take part in projects that require teamwork and creative thinking.
A．Goldie does not care about beauty or clothes.
B．Girls work even harder than boys in thecountry.　
C．Girls seem to be less interested in STEM subjects than boys.
D．They should also provide a good education.
E．The four areas together are known as STEM.
1．________　2.________　3.____________　4.__________
答案：1.E　2.C　3.A　4.D
（八） （淄博2016年模拟试题）
____1____ I like it because although it is hard work , every day is different !It all depends on what is wrong with the animals that come in.www.21-cn-jy.com
At my clinic, I work long days on Mondays, Wednesday and Fridays, and short days on Tuesday ,Thursday and Saturdays .Sunday is my day off so I can spend some time with my family .
_______2_______ My clerk opens the door , turns on some music ,and makes everyone a cup of tea or coffee. My assistant cleans and feeds the animals .The phones start to ring ,and people make appointments .This is a very busy time of day!
At 9 am, pet owners start to arrive with their sick pets. Appointments take up the whole morning .At midday, I stop for two hours .I don’t examine (检查) any new sick animals .I use these two hours to have lunch and do all my paperwork..
At 2 pm, I stat to see sick animals again .At 5pm , three students from a local school who love animals arrive to help out .______3______I am always happy to see their smiling faces!
From 5 pm to 7 pm ,I continue to see sick animals . Then ,at 7 pm we close our doors and the clean-up begins !We tidy the clinic and feed and clean the animals Of course ,we also stroke (轻抚) them and give them hugs !Then ,we turn off the lights and go home ._____4________
I am very happy being a vet , though unexpected things sometimes happen!
A.Do you like pets B.It is fun being a vet.C..My day at my clinic begins at 7 am.D.This is the type of the day I want to have. E.They are very kind and warm-hearted.
1．________　2.________　3.____________　4.__________
答案： 1.B 2.C 3.E 4.D
（九）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
Sometimes the easiest way to get somewhere is on the back of a bike.21教育网
More and more people are using cars in many places in Africa today. However, things are different in Malawi (马拉维). Bikes are the most popular in this African country.
Bike riding is a way of life in Malawi. People use them to carry heavy things. __1____. These years, taking a “bicycle taxi” to travel around Malawi has become quite popular among tourists from all over the world.
__2____, you will find a lot of bike taxis waiting on the sides of the roads. The riders make the bikes comfortable for passengers to sit on. You can jump on a bike taxi and get around at a very low cost.
Alice is a 21-year-old student from Canada. She enjoys the special bike riding a lot. “I really like the bike taxi,” she says. “___3___.” Alice usually pays just $1 for going shopping in town.
28-year-old Panjira Khombe began to ride a bike taxi two years ago. The young man enjoys this job.“__4____, but that’s a hard job. Being a bike taxi rider is easy for me and I don’t mind carrying heavy people,” he says.
A. It’s easy and cheap B. If you go to MalawiC. I used to make boats for a living D. Many people go to work by bike E. They also use bikes to carry people, especially tourists
1．________　2.________　3.____________　4.__________
答案：1.E 2.B 3.A 4.C
（十）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
A group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them fell into a deep hole. When the other frogs saw how deep the hole was, they told the two frogs that they were hopeless to be alive. But the two frogs didn’t believe it. 1 . The other frogs kept telling them to stop and wait for their death. Finally, one of the two frogs gave up and fell down. Soon he died.
The other frog continued to jump as hard as he could. Once again, the crowd of frogs shouted at him and told him to stop and just wait to die. 2 .21*cnjy*com
When he got out, the other frogs said: “Didn’t you hear us ” The frog explained to them that he was deaf. 3 .
The story teaches us two lessons. 4 . An encouraging word to someone who is down can cheer him up and help him make it through difficulties. Secondly, a destructive (消极的) word to someone who is down can make him give up and die. So be careful of what you say.
Speak life to those who cross your path. It is sometimes hard to understand that an encouraging word can go such a long way. It is great for a person to take the time to encourage another.
A. Then the two frogs began to stop jumping B. But he jumped even harder and finally he made it C. Firstly, there is power of life and death in the tongue D. So he thought they were encouraging him at that time E. They tried to jump up out of the hole with their efforts
答案： 1.E 2.B 3.D 4.C
（十一）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
Peter lost his friend’s book, He felt very sad. Kate broke her mom’s favorite cup 1 She was so sorry for her mistake.
We all make mistake because we’re human .And it’s not always easy to get on well with everyone all the time. Sometimes we hurt people’s feelings although we don’t do it on purpose . Sometimes we hurt people’s feelings on purpose 2 So we apologize（道歉）.
An apology tells someone that we’re sorry for our mistakes. It’s a way to show that we’ll try to do better in future.
Apologies are one of the tools to build good friendships and relationships. When you say “I’m sorry”, you probably feel bad because what you did or said hurt another person. _3 , you’re also saying that you respect the other person, and care about his or her feelings. Apologizing shows you have empathy（同感）.
After apologizing, you might feel a little better. 4 , When you apologize in a caring way , you might feel good because you are trying to make things right again .
A.When you say “ I am sorry”.
B.Then she cried.
C.And you want to return his book.
D.The other person will probably feel better , too.
E.But we feel bad later.
答案： 1.B 2. E 3.A 4.D
（十二）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
At last, the mid-term exams are over. You’ve done the hard work, but you can’t relax. You have to prepare for the next exams. _____1____ If you do, you’re not alone. Students in other countries hate them as well.2·1·c·n·j·y
Luckily for them, British students have fewer exams than Chinese students. _____2____ Every summer they take a test in each subject. Each test lasts about an hour. These exams don’t count for much. Even if a student does really badly they still progress to the next year. When the results come out they are then placed in an end-of-year report. The report is sent to the child’s parents. It describes how the student studied at school.
_____3____ This means that the students don’t know how other students scored(得分) in the test. Some students choose to tell each other, but others keep it secret.
Parents’ meetings are held twice a year, ____4_____ Children go along with their parents to meet their teachers privately and discuss their performance at school.【出处：21教育名师】
A.This report is private, so only the teacher, the student and his or her parents see it.
B.Chinese students are unlucky.
C.And they only have them once a year.
D.at the end of the winter term and then at the end of the summer term.
E.Do you hate exams ？
答案：1.E 2.C 3.A 4.D
（十三） （淄博2016年模拟试题）
A long time ago, there lived a famous philosopher(哲学家）named Zun-Nun. One day, a young man came to visit him and asked，“Teacher，I do not understand why people like you dress in such a way. ____1_____"
The philosopher only smiled and took his ring from one of his fingers, and said, “I will answer your question, but first do one thing for me. ____2_____ Can you sell this for ten gold coins ”,
Looking at Zun-Nun's dirty ring, the young man became doubtful and replied, “Ten gold coins I am not sure this ring could be sold at that price. ”
____3_____ No one was willing to pay ten gold coins. He went back and said ，"Teacher，no one was willing to offer more than one gold coin."
With a calm smile Zun-Nun said，“Now go to the gold shop and show it to the owner. Don't give your price，just listen to how much he will pay for this ring. ” The young man went to the shop and returned with a big smile. “Teacher，those traders really don't know the value(价值）of the ring. The gold trader offered one thousand gold coins for it. ”
Zun-Nun said softly,"This is the answer to your question, my friend. ____4_____"
A.The young man went to the market and showed the ring to the cloth, vegetable， meat and fish traders(商人).【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
B.The young man left angrily.
C.A person cannot be valued only from his dress.
D.Isn't it necessary to dress well
E.Take this ring and go to the market.
答案：1.D 2.E 3.A 4.C
（十四）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
When he was a teenager, Hunter Adam was very unhappy and he spent many years in a special hospital for people with mental(心理的) health problems.
When he left the hospital, ____1_____ But when he was there, he did things in a different way. For example, he didn’t like the doctor’s white coats, so he wore shirts with flowers on them when he visited his patients and he tried to make them laugh. The doctors at the medical school didn’t like Adams because he was too different.
_____2____ He saw unhappy and lonely people, and he tried to help them as patients, but as people too. He spent a lot of time with children in the hospital and often dressed up like a clown to make the children laugh
When he finished medical school and become a doctor, Adams opened his own hospital, called “the Gusundheit Institute”，together with some other doctors. ____3_____
Hunter Adams became famous during the 1980s, and in 1988, Universal Pictures made a film about his life. It was very successful. ____4_____ Williams said,:”hunter is a really warm person, who believes that patients need a doctor who is a friend. I enjoyed playing him.”
A.In the film, Robin Williams played Adams.
B.Adam decided to become a doctor, so he went to a medical school in Virginia, USA.
C.He studied very hard.
D.They wanted it to be a place with a different way of working with sick people.
E.But Adams believed that people in hospital need more than medicine.
答案：1.B 2.E 3.D 4.A
（十五）（淄博2016年模拟试题）
Having a part-time job is an important part of growing up for American teenagers. ____1_____ And many teenagers find that making their own money gives them a sense of pride and freedom.
In summer, top part-time jobs for teenagers include at camps, swimming pools and amusement parks. These jobs are great for those who want to be active and have fun while making money.Some of the most stressful jobs include teaching, nursing, and police work. _____2____
A favorite job for many teenagers is babysitting, and they can start before the age of 14 if their parents agree. ____3_____ babysitters can do their homework, watch TV, or talk on the phone with friends. After the kids go to bed and before the parents come home, babysitters have lots of freedom.
____4_____ However, many American teenagers value their work experience and the skills they get from the job.
A.As long as they stay in the house and make sure the kids are okay,
B.It can teach them important skills that will be useful for the rest of their lives.
C.They work for longer at weekends.
D.These skills help to prepare teenagers for their later lives.
E.It can be stressful to balance school, homework, and a part-time job.
答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.E
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