中考二轮复习题型专题九 书面表达解析及真题练习

21世纪教育网 –中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题九：书面表达
一、题型概述
书面表达是每年中考必考题型，是考查学生交际能力的一个重要组成部分。书面表达通常有三种形式：
1、书信、日记、通知、留言、假条；
2、看图作文；
3、根据汉语提示作文。
无论是那一种书面表达形式，考生所写的短文都要紧扣主题、文理通顺，要素完整，语言准确、得当、格式正确、无大、小写和拼写错误，标点符号正确，能达到交际目的。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
二、解题策略
1. 审题目：要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。【版权所有：21教育】
2. 圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。
3. 列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。
4. 定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。
5. 起草作文：在草稿纸上写出作文，写作文时要做到以下六个方面：
(1)避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。
(2)多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。
(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。
1）语态、时态要准确无误。
2）主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。
3）注意人称代词的宾格形式。
4）注意冠词用法。
5）注意拼写、标点符号和大小写 。
(4)描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：
1）外表特征：tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。
2）服饰颜色：red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。
3）内心境界：glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。
4）感情描写：love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。
5）动作描写：come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。
(5)上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：
1）表示并列关系的：and, as well as, or…
2）表示转折关系的：but, yet, however…
3）表示时间关系的：when, while, after, before, then, after that…
4）表示因果关系的：so, therefore ,as a result…
5）表示目的的：in order to, in order that , so as to, so that…
6）表示列举的：for example , such as…
7）表示总结性的：in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking…
(6)不会表达，另辟蹊径。中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分，阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。
（7）锦上添花。
写上几个你背熟的经典句型或适当评论,发表己见。
I do like it ！
It was with your help that I could pass the exam ！
How friendly they are!
We can learn from them.
They enjoyed themselves very much.
What a happy family.
6. 改病句：认真检查，改正错误。中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。
7. 认真抄写：在确定不再做任何修改之后，一笔一画的认真抄写在试卷上！
书面表达要特别注意书写工整，卷面整洁。每年阅卷老师在十来天的时间里要看十几万考生的作文，工作量之大，时间之紧，可想而知。书写是否工整，卷面是否整洁与得分高低直接有关。
三、各种类型作文注意事项
1、提示作文
提示作文特点是文章的中心思想和信息内容都在要点提示中以汉语或英文的形式列了出来。写提示作文要把握以下几点：
（1）提示已经将所要叙述的事情列出，并且有的是给出了英语词汇、句型，只是要求运用一定的语言逻辑，使用正确的语法和语句，展开合理的想象表达提示内容。
（2）提示作文常常是中文提供情景内容，英文常提供关键词语，写作时可根据中文情景内容扩展思路、连词成句或组句成段，抓住英文提供词语，把它们连成句子，如简单句、并列句、复合句。21教育网
（3）写作时不必为文章的构思、主题及内容等花费太多的时间，而要把主要的精力集中在重点分析语段结构的组织、语言的表达以及确定文章的开头、结尾和发展段落上面。
（4）在写作过程中，考生应时刻提醒自己按照已给出的信息点去写，但也不必按照信息点去逐句翻译。用自己熟悉的短语、句型去体现要点。掌握好文章的长度，不要字数过多或过少。
2、读表作文
读表作文就是用文字结合表格、数字或图像作为写作信息提示的一种写作形式。写这类作文通常要把握以下几点：
（1）要认真解读图表，切勿疏漏重要数据信息和细节提示，不必每个数据都涉及，但重要数据必须提到。
（2）对图表中的内容分析、数据说明一定要简明扼要，尽量使用简单句，因为复杂的句式往往起不到清晰表达的效果，这有悖于图表作文的考查目的。
（3）结论性的表达要按部就班地从图表信息分析或数据归纳而来，这样才能使得语言有说服力，切忌主观判断，更不能主观臆造，避免“I think/believe...”等类似句式使用。
3、看图作文
看图作文要求考生按照所给图画，通过合理的联想将一组画面的内容正确地表达出来。写看图作文要把握以下几点：
（1）结合文字提示，正确理解图意。一般情况下，看图作文在提供图画的同时也附带有简要的文字提示，我们可以利用文字提示去正确地理解图意，得到要点。切忌孤立地看图而忽视文字提示。
（2）要读准图的内容。也就是说不仅要认真观察图画，弄懂每一个细节，全面、透彻、准确地了解图画内容。所谓细节，就是指图画中的人物、事件、地点、环境、时间、动作等。依据图画细节，就可以把图画的内容用英语具体而生动地表达出来了。而且要联系自己的实际生活，对图画内容加以分析、综合、归纳，形成观点。2-1-c-n-j-y
（3）揭示图画主旨的文字要简洁。待观察、分析、归纳各步骤完毕，再用简洁的话语将图画的含义清晰地表达出来，以挖掘图画的主旨。
4、开放式作文
开放式作文中的提示语不同于前面所讲的提示作文中的提示语：提示作文中的提示语重在交代写作情节，而开放式作文中的提示语(又叫揭示语)的目的就是启发你去思考，激发你去想象，它既指明、限定了写作范围，又鼓励学生去创新。因此说，话题作文是一种既开放又有所限制的命题形式。写作时要把握以下几点：
（1）紧扣话题：所写内容必须在话题之内，从话题作文的宽松、开放、灵活特点出发，明确方向，抓住重点，有的放矢。一句话，千万不能脱离主题。
（2）自定文意：话题作文追求散发性思维和创造性思维，所以写作时应该拓开写作思路，力求表达的内容与主题思想丰富多彩。
（3）自拟标题：有些话题作文要求题目自拟，因此拟定标题时，要注意内容和主题思想的概括，因为一个好的标题会使人眼前一亮，有先声夺人的效果。
{真题解析}
八、书面表达(淄博2016年真题)
初中生活就要结束，暑假即将到来。请以“My Summer Vacation Plan”为题，写一篇100词左右的英语短文，谈谈你在暑期读书、锻炼身体、旅游、帮父母做家务等方面的计划。
注意：
1．可选择一个或几个方面来写，也可适当发挥：
2.文中不得出现真实的地区、学校及姓名。
参考范文
My Summer Vacation Plan21·世纪*教育网
The summer vacation is coming，I want to have a meaningful and relaxing vacation. Firstly， I want to read some books，especially about Chinese， because I am not good at Chinese，I want to have better grade in Chinese. Secondly，I will do sports every day，I enjoy playing football，I want to be a football player when I grow up. I haven’t been to Beijng yet，I want to go to Beijing during the vacation，there are many interesting places to visit there such as Tian’anmen Square，the Great Wall and so on. And also, I will help my parents do some housework，they are very tired after work，I love my parents. What’s your summer vacation plan
{实战练习}
（一）(淄博2015年真题)
假设你是李明，你的美国笔友Tom向你介绍了他们学校的课程科目后，想了解你们学校课程开设的情况，请根据以下要点给他写一封电子邮件。
1．你们学校开设的主要课程科目；
2．你喜欢的科目是什么；
3．你喜欢这门(些)科目的理由。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯；
4．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
Dear Tom，
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Love，
Li Ming
参考范文：
Dear__Tom，
Thank you very much for telling me many subjects about your school.I think they are very useful and interesting.They are very fit for you, too.【出处：21教育名师】
Now let me tell you something about me and our subjects.
I am in Grade Three in a middle school this year.I have a lot of subjects, such as Chinese, math, English, politics, history and science.I like English very much. Because it’s very interesting and useful.After class I often have sports with my classmates.
My favorite sport is basketball.I think it can make me much stronger and healthier.
How about your study and your hobbies Please write to me soon.
Love,__
__Li__Ming
（二）(淄博2014年真题)
假设你们学校在澳大利亚的友好学校的师生想要了解你校学生的兴趣和爱好，请你写一篇100词左右的英语短文，介绍一下你的兴趣和爱好及其意义。
注意：文中不得出现真实的地区、学校及姓名。
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参考范文
My hobby is collecting stamps. I have been collecting stamps for 10 years. Usually I collect stamps in three ways. When I get letters, I cut the stamps off the envelops; every year I go to post offices to buy a set of new stamps and I also go to the stamp market to buy old stamps and foreign stamps; I have lots of friends who have the same hobby as I, so I sometimes exchange my stamps with them.
I think my hobby is very interesting. First, it helps me learn different cultures, including history and international knowledge; second, I can enjoy the beauty of art; third, by exchanging stamps, I have made more friends; fourth, it’s also a way of saving money, because the stamps will be more valuable as the time passes by.
Hobbies make our life more colorful. What about your hobbies
（三）(淄博2016年模拟试题)
我们从各大媒体了解到由于空气污染导致人类受害的各种现象。比如：中国的许多大城市出现“雾霾”；印度有上千人死于高温；世界各地出现各种肺病等等。对此情况，请你根据以下要点，以“Protect the air”为题，写一篇英语短文，呼吁大家减少空气污染。
要点：
1．The air has become really polluted around us.
2．There is heavy smog (雾霾)．..
3．Thousands of people in India...
4．We can begin with small things...
参考词汇：
die (死)；high temperature (高温)；lung diseases (肺病)；plant(种植)；ride bikes(骑自行车)；call to prevent (呼吁阻止)
要求：
①80词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数；
②语法正确，文理通顺、流畅，并适当发挥；
　　　　　　　　　　　Protect the air
Air is as important as food.________________________________________________________________________
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Let's take actions now!
参考范文：
Protect the air
Air__is__as__important__as__food．So it's important for us to keep air clean and fresh.However，the air has become really polluted around us.The polluted air has caused many serious problems.There is heavy smog in many cities of China.Thousands of people in India died of high temperature.And there are all kinds of lung diseases around the world.
How to keep air clean and fresh？We can begin with small things，such as，planting more trees and riding bikes instead of driving.We can also call people to prevent the air.
Let's__take__actions__now！
（四）(淄博2016年模拟试题)
最近，老师布置一道作业，就 “Can parents be friends？” 这一问题在同学中间开展一次调查，下表是调查的结果：21教育名师原创作品
观点 原因
45%的同学 不可能 父母太忙，没有时间关心他们
55%的同学 可能 在家里，父母常常和他们谈心，像朋友一样
你的观点 ？ ？
请根据以上调查数据，写一份约80词左右的调查报告。需包括表格的所有内容，报告开头已给出。
I recently surveyed(调查)my classmates about their views on whether parents can be friends.________________________________________________________________________
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参考范文：
I__recently__surveyed__my__classmates__about__their__views__on__whether__parents__can__be__friends.According to the survey，45% of the students in our class think it impossible to make friends with their parents as they're always too busy to show their concern.On the other hand，55% of the students believe they can make friends with their parents because their parents often talk with them like friends at home.In my opinion，it's just natural for parents and children to be friends so long as they trust each other，the parents often talk with their children and know how to share.
（五）(淄博2016年模拟试题)
假如你是李明，上周你班同学就“毕业前我们该为学校做些什么 ”进行了讨论。请你根据以下提示，将同学们的建议用英语写一封信告诉你的笔友David，并谈谈你的想法及理由。
1、一些同学建议同学们筹钱，为校图书馆买书或给学校买其他东西。
2、另外一些同学建议无需花钱，好好学习，让学校以我们为荣。
3、你的想法及理由。
注意:
1、词数不少于80，要注意书信的格式；
2、要点完整、层次清楚、语法正确、上下文连贯；
3、信中不得使用真实的人名、校名。
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参考范文：
Dear David,
Last week we had a discussion on what we should do for our school before we graduate. The students in our class have different suggestions.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Some students think that we can collect money to buy some books for the school library or something else for the school. Other students think that it’s not necessary to spend money. We can study hard and make our school feel proud of us. 21*cnjy*com
In my opinion, we don’t have to spend money. We can do something meaningful without money. For example, we can do some work to make our school more beautiful. And we can try to get better results in the coming exams so that our school will be proud of us.
I’d like to know your ideas. Could you give me some advice
Best wishes！
Yours,
Li Ming
（六）(淄博2016年模拟试题)
请根据以下提示，用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。
1. 我有一位最好的朋友，我开始上学时就认识她了。
2. 她的特征：热心（kindhearted）、聪明、积极向上；世上的事情几乎无所不知；有问必答。
3. 她既是好友，又是良师。我们相处多年，但我从来没有听到过她的声音。每当我询问她时，她只是将答案显示在我面前。
4. 她也是众人的好朋友，她的名字叫“书”。
词数：100左右
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参考范文：
I have a best friend. I have known her since I began to go to school. （2分左右）21·cn·jy·com
She is kindhearted. She is always young clever and active. She knows almost everything in the world. She is always willing to tell me anything when I ask her.
She is not only a good friend, but also an excellent teacher. Though we have lived together for a long time, I have never heard her voice. Whenever I ask her questions, she just shows the answers in front of me.
She is also a good friend of millions of other people’s. Do you want to know her name Her name is “book ”.21世纪教育网版权所有
（七）(淄博2016年模拟试题)
在毕业来临之际，你的英语老师Mr.Smith 要求你们每人给他写一封英文书信留作纪念。请根据中文提示，写一篇内容完整、意思连贯、符合逻辑的短文。词数：80左右。信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
要点提示：
1．你对Mr.Smith 的整体印象；
2．简述一次经历(帮助、鼓励、批评等)；
3．你的感受或建议。
Dear Mr.Smith，
How are you？It's a pity that I'm leaving this school soon.At this moment，I want to say “Thank you”．______________________________________________________________________
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Yours
Chen Dong
参考范文：
Dear__Mr.Smith，
How__are__you？It's__a__pity__that__I'm__leaving__this__school__soon.At__this__moment，I__want__to__say__“Thank__you”. You have done a lot for us since you came to our school.You are always working hard and trying to help us when we are in trouble.21cnjy.com
I still remember when I began to learn English，I found it too difficult.No matter how hard I tried，I still couldn't do well in it and almost gave it up.As soon as you found my problem，you had a talk with me about how to learn English well.Since then you have kept helping me.Little by little，I've become interested in English and I'm now good at it.www.21-cn-jy.com
I think I am so lucky to be one of your students.I hope that you can stay in China longer and have more Chinese students.2·1·c·n·j·y
Best wishes to you!
Yours，　
Chen Dong
（八）( 济宁市2016年真题)
假如你是李梅．你的美国笔友 To ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )m 在昨天的E﹣mail中告诉你，最近他对中国文化产生了浓厚的兴趣，希望你能给他介绍一些经典故事．请你根据下面所给图画，给Tom回复一封E﹣mail，向他讲述这一经典故事，并希望知道他对该故事及主人公的看法．【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Sima Guang hit the tank（缸）
参考范文：
Dear Tom，
I’m very happ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )y that you are interested in traditional Chinese stories．Well，let me tell you a famous one with the name“Sima Guang hit the tank”．
Once Sima Guang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) was playing hide and seek with several children in the backyard．There was a large water tank in the yard．It was full of water．When the kids were playing，one child accidentally fell into the tank．Other children were so frightened that they started to run，crying for help．However，Sima Guang was different．He thought it over and then had an idea．He picked up a big stone and threw it at the tank．Bang!“，the tank broke and the water ran out．The kid was saved．21*cnjy*com
Do you like ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )the story？What do you think of Sima Guang？
I am looking forward to hearing from you．
Li Mei
（九）( 2016年真题)
下面是《小艾，爸爸特别特别想你》这本书的两幅插图。图中描绘了父亲陪伴小艾成 长的童年片段。父亲快到了，请结合自己的经历，以“爸爸，我想对你说……”开头，写一 篇英语短文，以表达对父亲的爱与感激之情。
要求：1.文中不得出现真实的姓名与校名；
2.语句通顺，结构合理，书写规范；
词数：80词左右。短文开头部分己给出，不计入总词数
参考范文：
Dad, I want to say to you. In the past few years, you have done a lot for me. We spent much happy time together. With your great care, I grow healthily and happily. I remember when I was ill, you took me to the hospital immediately and took good care of me without a rest during the whole night. I remember you often took me somewhere interesting and bought the delicious food for me. I remember when I got good grades, you were always smiling…But now，you’re getting older and older. So I want to say: Please have a good rest and relax. Thank you for your love. I love you forever.
（十）( 湖北省黄冈市2016年真题)
自古以来“友善”是中华民族的传统美德。英才国际学校广播台正在进行“我友好，我善良”系列人物介绍。请你根据下列表格提示和要求，写意篇介绍讲明同学的文字稿。
基本情况 姓名 江明
班级 九（3）
日常表现 1.文明礼貌，主动热情问候他人；2.团结友好，能与他人和睦相处；3.富有爱心，力所能及帮助他人。
具体事例 任选日常表现之一，举例介绍。
愿望 做一个善良、有爱心的人。
参考词汇：say hello to ;make friends;kindness;get on well with;care about
写作要求：1.次数不少于80（短文的开始语已给出，不计人总词数）；
2.内容完整，语言流畅，不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；
3.短文中不得出现真实的姓名及校名。
Good morning，everyone！ Today I am to introduce a teenager. his name Jiang Ming.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Good morning，everyone！ Today I am to introduce a teenager. his name Jiang Ming.He is in Class Three，Grade Nine.Wherever he meets teachers or classmates, he has made many good friends and gets on well with them.Whenever we have problems with our schoolwork. he is always ready to help out. he often tries to help people who are in trouble.
One day,on his way to school,he found a boy crying at the corner of the street. he ran to him and helped him find his parents,Though he was late for school,he didn’t feel sorry.What a good student!www-2-1-cnjy-com
Jiang Ming wishes to be a man full of kindness,and to do what he can to help others.
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