中考二轮复习题型专题二 阅读理解解析及真题练习

21世纪教育网 –中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题二：阅读理解
一、题型概述
中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。www.21-cn-jy.com
2、解题步骤
1、先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。
2、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。 21·世纪*教育网
3、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：
（1） 抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。
（2） 抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
（3） 注意领会文章的寓意。 【出处：21教育名师】
4．根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。
5、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。
三、解题技巧
1．细节理解题
一般情况下在原文中能直接找到对应的答案，涉及的内容如时间、地点、人物、数字、原因、结果等，多数情况下根据关键词就可以快速而准确地找出答案，这一类细节理解题往往会有很模糊的干扰项，但稍加辨认、甄别、分析，就能确定准确的答案。
2．推理判断题
推理判断题要求根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息，推理不是凭空猜测，是在已知信息的基础上对未知的内容做出陈述。21教育网
3．词义猜测题
山东中考的词义猜测题，一般都是针对上下文语境设计单词猜测词义，因此通过上下文之间的逻辑关系猜词是解决这种问题的最佳方法。
4．主旨大意题
主旨大意题要求学生在理解全文大意的基础上，对短文做出总结性或概括性的评价。主题句一般位于段首或段尾。主题句的显著特点是：所表达的意思具有明显的概括性；句子结构简单精炼。
{真题解析}
2、阅读理解(2016年淄博真题B篇)
阅读短文B，并做每篇后面的题目，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
I love listening to music and will try to do it as much as I can.Whether I'm driving my car or walking somewhere I always have a CD or my iPod playing because I feel music can greatly influence my mood(情绪)．I can listen to music to cheer me up or relax me or remind me about a certain time and a certain place where I last listened to that song.
I feel the best way to listen to music is live! I love going to concerts to watch and hear my favorite artist or band perform.
The last concert I went to was a Mumford and Son's concert in Newcastle，a country－folk style band from the UK.All of the lights and sound effects not only sounded good but also looked good.
I always feel that people come together at concerts.I can easily talk to people I might never have talked to before，just because they share an interest in a certain music artist.
I also find that at concerts many artists or bands may speed their song up or slow it down.Sometimes they might cover someone else's song so I feel that the live performances really show me a new way to listen to music.
I enjoy concerts because I always discover something new and different because of the way it is played live.
14．Mumford and Son is ________.
A．a song B．a band C．a singer D．a concert
15．Where does the writer like best to listen to music
A．In her car. B．On the road.
C．At concerts. D．In her office.
16．Why can the writer easily talk to people she might never have talked to before at concerts
A．Because they are friendly.
B．Because they like talking.
C．Because they want to ask the writer some questions.2-1-c-n-j-y
D．Because they share an interest in a certain music artist with the writer.
17．According to this passage，which of the following is NOT TRUE
A．Listening to music can cheer the writer up.
B．Music can greatly influence the writer's mood.
C．The writer enjoys concerts because she always discovers something old.
D．Many artists or bands may speed their song up or slow it down at concerts.
答案：14.D 15.C 16.D 17.C
解析：本文介绍了作者如何热爱音乐以及关于音乐的一些感受。
14.D 本题是细节考查题，由第三段第一句“The last concert I went to was a Mumford and Son's concert in Newcastle，a country－folk style band from the UK.”可知，故答案为D。
15.C 本题是细节考查题，由第二段“I feel the best way to listen to music is live! I love going to concerts to watch and hear my favorite artist or band perform.（我觉得挺音乐的最好方式是去现场听！我喜欢去音乐会看和听我喜欢的音乐家和阅读表演）”可知，故答案为C。
16.D 本题是细节考查题，由第四段最后一句“just because they share an interest in a certain music artist.”可知，故答案为D。
17.C 本题是综合理解考查题，由阅读全文可知，作者喜欢听音乐是因为音乐能够极大的影响作者的情绪，能够让作者振作或者放松，或者能让作者想起上次听该首音乐的特定的时间或者地点，而不是音乐会让作者发现旧的过去的东西，故答案为C。www-2-1-cnjy-com
{实战练习}
（一）(淄博2016年真题A篇)
Wonder is the story of a ten－year－old boy who lives with his parents and sister in New York.August，or Auggie，is an ordinary boy in many ways.He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox.But Auggie has deformities(畸形) of the face and looks very different from other children.
At the start of the book，he tells us “My name is August.I won't describe what I look like.Whatever you're thinking，it's probably worse.”In the street，people look at Auggie and his appearance shocks them.21教育名师原创作品
Auggie has never been to school because he has spent a lot of time in hospital.His mother teaches him at home.But now he's ten，she thinks he should go to school.At first，Auggie doesn't want to go.He worries that other students will look at him and say bad things.But then he visits a school with his mum.He likes the head teacher and decides to go，Auggie's first year at school has good times and bad times.Auggie makes some good friends but other children are unfriendly to him.At the end of the year，Auggie goes on a school trip and a frightening event there changes things completely.
1．What is Wonder
A．The name of a place. B．The name of a book.
C．The name of a person. D．The name of a picture.
2．Why doesn't Auggie want to go to school at first
A．Because he likes teaching himself.
B．Because he likes staying at home.
C．Because he is too young to go to school.
D．Because he worries that other students will laugh at him.
3．Which of the following is WRONG
A．Auggie is a boy in New York.
B．Auggie likes the head teacher.
C．Auggie is a handsome boy.
D．Auggie's first year at school has good times and bad times.
答案：1-3：BDC
（二）(淄博2016年真题C篇)
On May 1，a wildfire started in a forest near the Alberta town of Fort McMurray in Canada.Within two days，the fire grew larger and the people who lived in Fort McMurray had to leave their homes.While there have been very few people injured(伤害) by the large fire itself，it has been harmful to the community.
Canadians in other places have been helping by sending money and donations to the Red Cross.Many people in Alberta have taken in people from Fort McMurray，letting them stay in their homes for free until the fire is put out.Many firefighters are needed to fight the fire and some of them have come from other parts of Canada to help.The brave firefighters were able to save 25，000 homes as well as the hospital and all of the town's schools，according to CBC news.
There have been thousands of other acts of kindness towards the people of Fort McMurray.Some musicians，such as Great Big Sea's Alan Doyle，are holding special concerts，with the money going to Fort McMurray people.And companies have been helping，as well.Beer－maker Labatt filled thousands of cans with water－instead of beer－and sent them to the people in Fort McMurray.
The fire is huge，spreading over more than 229，000 hectares(公顷)，but firefighters say they believe they are starting to get it under control—it is becoming smaller instead of spreading.
1．How many people have been injured by the large fire itself
A．25，000. B．Very few. C．229，000. D．Many.
2．In this passage，the underlined word “donations” means ________.
A．捐赠物 B．礼物 C．吉祥物 D．农作物
3．What did beer－maker Labatt do for the people in Fort McMurray
A．He sent money to the people in Fort McMurray.
B．He held a concert and gave the money to the people in Fort McMurray.
C．He took in people from Fort McMurray and let them stay in his home for free.
D．He filled thousands of cans with water and sent them to the people in Fort McMurray.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．A big fire in fort McMurray of Canada.
B．The people in Fort McMurray of Canada.
C．The firefighters in Fort McMurray of Canada.
D．The musicians in Fort McMurray of Canada.
答案：1-4：BADA
（三）(淄博2015年真题B篇)
The tallest building in the United States，the One World Trade Center，opened on November 3，2014 in New York.The building is 1，776 feet tall，making it the 3rd tallest building in the world.It has 104 floors.The building stands in the area where the twin towers of the World Trade Center once stood.On September 11，2001，a group of terrorists destroyed these twin towers and killed nearly 3，000 people.It took 8 years to build the new One World Trade Center.Does the height of the building in feet reminds you of something in history The__number is the year when the United States declared(宣布) its independence (独立)from Great Britain.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
One problem with such a tall building is how to clean the windows.Well，a platform(平台) hangs from ropes，and workers on the platform clean windows.On November 12，while two men were busy cleaning windows，a rope of the platform broke near the 68th floor.The two men were saved by cutting a hole in the glass window.
The two tallest buildings in the world are the Burj Khalifa in Dubai，UAE and the Makkah Royal Clock Tower in Mecca，Saudi Arabia.
(　)1.When did the One World Trade Center open
A．September 11，2001. B．September 11，2011.
C．November 3，2006. D．November 3，2014.
(　)2.Who destroyed the twin towers of the World Trade Center
A．A group of young men. B．A group of terrorists.
C．A group of workers. D．A group of soldiers.
(　)3.“The number” in the first paragraph refers to______.
A．8 B．104
C．1，776 D．3，000
(　)4.How were the workers on the platform saved when a rope broke
A．By calling for help. B．By using a new rope.
C．By jumping off the platform. D．By cutting a hole in the glass window.
答案：1-4：DBCD
（四）(淄博2015年真题C篇)
On a hot day，it can be hard to know what to do to feel good.
Playing in water is one way to feel cooler.Taking a cool bath or a shower can feel really good on a hot day.
It is also important for us to drink water.If you feel thirsty，you should drink water immediately.On hot days，you can lose about 16 glasses of water in one day，so many doctors advise that you should try to drink at least that much every day.Mixing a little fruit juice into your water is a fun way to help you drink plenty of water.
The food we eat also makes a difference in how we feel in the heat.Cold food，such as ice cream and drinks with some ice，can cool down our bodies.However，eating spicy(辛辣的) food makes our bodies even warmer.
The clothes we wear can help us feel cooler as well.Light－coloured，light－weight clothes feel cooler in the sun than dark，heavy clothing.Loose(宽松的)clothes are more comfortable in the heat than tight(紧身的)ones.
Even though it is not healthy to run around during the hottest time of the day，that doesn't mean a hot day is not fun! You can read stories in your room.You can also paint or draw without moving your body too much.These are just some of many cool things to do on a hot day.
(　)1.How much water do we need in one hot day
A．Only 16 glasses of water. B．Less than 16 glasses of water.
C．At least 16 glasses of water. D．As much as possible.
(　)2.What can't you do on a hot day if you want to feel good
A．Read a book. B．Eat ice cream.
C．Swim in the pool. D．Play volleyball on the beach.
(　)3.What kind of clothes can help us feel cooler on a hot day
A．Loose clothes. B．Dark clothes.
C．Tight clothes. D．Heavy clothes.
(　)4.What's the main idea of the passage
A．A hot day is fun.
B．Entertainments on hot days.
C．We don't know what to do on a hot day.
D．There are many things to do to feel good on a hot day.
答案：1-4：CDAD
（五）(淄博2016年模拟试题)
Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not munication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here are some advice for you to eliminate the generation gap (代沟).
Don’t argue with your parents. Don’t get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can’t express yourself well if you are angry. Go someplace to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don’t think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter.
Try to reach a compromise (和解). Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days. Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect (尊敬) to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.
Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life.
A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try!
:1. According to the passage who have a communication problem
A. parents and other people B. only school kids and their parents
C. teachers and their students D. parents and children of all ages
2. How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to bridge the generation gap
A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.
3. The underlined word “eliminate” in this passage means “______”.
A. 建立 B. 消除 C. 通过 D. 到达
4. If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, you’d better ______.
A. argue with them B. keep away from them21*cnjy*com
C. agree with them all the time D. tell your parents what you care about and why
答案：1-4：DCBD
（六）(淄博2016年模拟试题)
Wonderful Friends, a 3－month－long reality weekly show on Hunan TV, came to an end.But different people have different ideas about it.
The show invited six stars to work with other four zookeepers in Chimelong Safari Park.The show is a programming success for Hunan TV.But animal welfare advocates (动物保护主义者们) say that is exactly a misleading(误导) to the public about the needs of animals.They think that the TV company created “stressful and harmful situations” for those animals just in need of amusement.
But the fact is, people are more interested in TV shows with stars than in documentaries.Animal protection expert Deng Xuejian said, “The program is a good way to get people closer to animals.” Animals Asia founder and CEO Jill Robinson was also glad to see that more and more Chinese citizens showing concern for animals.“When I first began working in the country from 1985, there was one welfare group for animals in Beijing.And now there are over 100.”
Robinson said on the website of Animals Asia，“Today, we work with them to give a voice to wild and companion animals.They should not be ‘medicine' or ‘food' any longer.”　
(　　)1.How many star zookeepers took part in the show
A．Four. B．Six. C．Ten. D．Twelve.
(　　)2.What do Animal welfare advocates think of Wonderful Friends？　
A．It is a wonderful and successful show for fun.
B．It's a new challenge for star zookeepers.
C．It's good to get people closer to animals.
D．It's stressful and harmful for animals.
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “concern” mean in Chinese
A．关注 B．迫害 C．兴趣 D．压力　
(　　)4.How do you understand“They should not be ‘medicine' or ‘food' any longer.”？
A．People should not take medicine or food from the animals.
B．People should not kill the animals for medicine or food.
C．People should offer the animals medicine and food.
D．People should eat the animals instead of medicine.
答案：1-4：BDAB
（七）(淄博2016年模拟试题)
Tu Youyou，an 84－year－old female scientist，became the first Chinese to win a Nobel Prize in science on Oct 5.Before that，she ever won the 2011 Lasker Award for finding out artemisinin (Qinghaosu)，which saved millions of lives.She was grateful for the Lasker prize，but said，“It is just a scientist' duty.I will go on fighting for the health of all humans.”
Tu kept her work in the 1960s and 1970s.In that age，Malaria (疟疾) could took away people's health.Scientists all over the world had already tried over 240，000 times but failed.Tu Youyou，a member of the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Beijing，began to study Chinese herbs.
Before 2011，people didn't know Tu very much.Many friends played jokes with her “the Professor of Three None's” : no degree，no study experience abroad，not a member of any Chinese national colleges.But she is hard－working.She read a lot of traditional Chinese medicine books and did a lot of researches on the disease.
In February，2012，Tu was named National Outstanding Females (One of the Ten)．Tu is now a model of Chinese medical workers.2·1·c·n·j·y
(　　)1.Artemisinin is used to ________．
A．make medicine B．make food
C．get award D．do the experiment
(　　)2.In the 1960s and 1970s ________ could find ways to stop the Malaria.
A．Scientists in China B．only Tu Youyou
B．Scientists all over the world D．no scientist
(　　)3.From Tu Youyou's story，we know that she is a ________ woman.　
A．friendly B．kind C．clever D．hard－working
(　　)4.What can we learn from the passage
A．Tu Youyou was the winner of 2011 Lasker Award.
B．Tu Youyou was a professor of muchexperience abroad.
C．Tu Youou is the finder ofartemisinin.
D．Tu Youyou was one of the ten National Outstanding Females.
答案：1-4：ADDB
（八）( 枣庄2016年真题）
I think that a great friend is a great artist who can change my feeling about life greatly. When I talk about the person who influenced me most. I must think of my best friend quickly.
When I was in my university, one of my classmates sat beside me. His name is Wang Tao. He is my unforgettable friend in my life. He is good at study and handsome. Everyone knows that he is a genius(天才) of my university.
He is kind hearted and is always ready to help others. But he doesn’t like others to praise him, because he think what he did is common. There is an old saying: A friend in need is a friend indeed. Wang Tao sets a good example in many parts in my life.
I remembered that my mathematics was mediocre at that time, but he was excellent in solving mathematics questions. He often received high scores. Of course, I wished I could reach at his level. Since we talked all day long, he was patient and polite to answer my mathematics questions. Slowly, I made great progress in mathematics. I passed the examination finally. Then we became friends naturally. And now, I still remember his strong will to study.
We know that we live in a society, so we need a lot of friends. There are two kinds of friends, good and bad, bad friend may make our life failed, while good ones make our life successful. To me, Wang Tao is a very good friend. I learned so many advantages from him, and I changed more and more excellently.
We separated three months ago. Now I miss him very much, and I hoped that our friendship will continue to be just as strong after we graduate（毕业）.
1. The writer believes that an excellent friend _______.21cnjy.com
A. is a man who works on art
B. can change his life slowly
C. can influence his idea about life
D. must think of him quickly
2. Which of the following about Wang Tao is NOT true according to the passage
A. He has a strong will. B. He is warm hearted.21世纪教育网
C. He is good at maths. D. He likes art very much.
3. The underlined word “mediocre” most probably means “_______”.
A. bad B. not very good C. the best D. very good
4. In the fifth paragraph, the writer mainly suggests that we should ______.
A. make good friends and learn from them
B. have two kinds of friends, good and bad
C. make our best friends successful
D. make less bad friends
5. What’s the best title for the passage
A. My university life B. An unforgettable friend
C. How to make friends D. How to learn maths well
答案：1-5. CDBAB
（九）( 青岛2016年真题）
“I will think of it.” It is easy to say this, but do you know what great things have come from thinking 21·cn·jy·com
Sir Isaac Newton was sitting in his garden when he saw an apple fall from a tree. He began to think and tried to find out why the apple fell. Then he discovered how the sun, moon, and stars are kept in their places. 【版权所有：21教育】
A boy named James Watt sat quietly by the fire, watching the lid of the kettle move up and down. He wanted to find out why the steam in the kettle moved the lid. From that time he went on thinking and thinking. And when he became a man, he improved the steam engine (蒸汽机) so much that it could easily do the work of many horses.
James Ferguson was a poor boy. Once, seeing the inside of a watch, he wondered. “Why should I not make a watch ” But how could he get the materials to make the mainspring (钟表的主发条) He soon found he could make it with whalebone (鲸骨). He then made a wooden clock which kept good time. His motto (座右铭) was “I will think of it.” And he made his thoughts useful to himself and the world.
Boys and girls, when you have a difficult lesson to learn, don’t lose heart, and don’t ask someone for help before helping yourselves. Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.
1．From the passage, we know that some great things come from ______.
A. listening B. reading C. speaking D. thinking
2．The idea of Isaac Newton’s discovery was from ______.
A. the falling of an apple B. the cleaning of a garden
C. the falling of a tree D. the moving of a lid
3．The achievement of James Watt was that he ______.
A. kept thinking B. found the steam in the kettle
C. improved the steam engine much D. watched the lid move up and down
4．The right order of the following sentences is ______.
① James Ferguson made a wooden clock.
② James Ferguson saw the inside of a watch.
③ James Ferguson made the mainspring with whalebone.
A. ③ ② ① B. ② ③ ① C. ② ① ③ D. ③ ① ②
5．What is the main idea of the passage
A. Learn to ask for help.
B. A difficult lesson to learn.
C. It is easy to say “I will think of it.”
D. Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.
答案：1-5：DACBD
（十）( 北京2016年真题）
From Nobody to Somebody
Brian was a funny student. He loved watching comedies（喜剧） best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
When he heard about the talent show to be held at this school, Brian decided to take part in. He had never acted on stage（舞台） before, and he was very excited. But some students laughed at him. “You are not funny but silly,” Ken, one of his classmates, said to his face. “No one will like what you do,” another boy also said to him, loudly.
Brian couldn’t understand why they were so unkind to him. For a moment, he thought about giving up the show. But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes, and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he decided to prepare for the show.
Brian did a great job at the talent show. Everyone loved his performance, and he won the first prize! His teachers and friends were proud of him. Even so, Ken told Brian that he was not funny, and that he would never be successful. Brian didn’t understand why Ken said so, but he realized that it had nothing to do with him. He confidently continued to work towards his goal.
As the years went on, Brian met more people like Ken. “you’ll do a terrible job,” they said to him. Luckily, most people encouraged him and some helped him to become even funnier. He got a lot of opportunities to perform in movies. He was even invited to appear on television. His fans thanked him because his comedies made them feel good when they were unhappy.
Now Brian is a big comedy star! He is doing what he loves best. He never feels stressed like those unkind people, and he laughs all day long!21*cnjy*com
1. What did Brian love best when he was a student
A. Going to school. B. Helping classmates.
C. Watching comedies. D. Meeting new friends.
2. Brian decided to prepare for the show because .
A. his friends liked his jokes
B. he was invited by a TV station
C. he wasn’t busy acting in movies
D. Ken was expecting his performance
3. After winning the first prize, Brian .
A. began to understand Ken
B. became a teacher of acting
C. encouraged others to join him
D. continued to work towards his goal
4. Brian’s fans thanked him because his comedies brought them .21世纪教育网版权所有
A. success B. happiness C. luck D. pride
答案：CADB
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