(共25张PPT)
专题八
非谓语动词
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
一、动词不定式
动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语, 我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。
功能 例 句 说 明
主语 To swim here is dangerous. 在这儿游泳是危险的。 动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语, 常用句式的结构是: It’s +形容词+(for/of sb. )+to do sth.
表语 My job is to look after my sister. 我的工作是照看我妹妹。 多数情况下, 动词不定式作表语, 可转换为作主语
功能 例 句 说 明
宾语 I want to be an actor. 我想成为一名 演员。 只能作某些动词的宾语(如want, hope, fail, expect, decide等), 一般不作介词的宾语
宾语 补足 语 She asked me to speak English. 她要求我说英语。 在一些感官动词和使役动词后, 不定式省略to, 如feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, let, make, have(简记为: 一感二听三看三让)
功能 例 句 说 明
定语 Do you have anything to say 你有要说的吗 不定式作定语, 要放在所修饰词的后面
状语 I come here to see you. 我来这里是为了见你。 不定式作状语, 其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致
此外, 不定式可以与疑问词连用, 用作主语、宾语、表语等。
When to start hasn’t been discussed.
什么时候开始还没有被讨论。(作主语)
【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
决心学会有希望(decide, determine, learn, wish, hope),
同意计划莫假装(agree, plan, pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败(dare, refuse, fail),
准备设法来帮忙(prepare, try, manage, help),
提供请求负担起(offer, beg, demand, afford),
答应安排理应当(promise, arrange, be supposed),
以上后跟不定式, 劝君牢记永不忘。
【活学巧练】
1. I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered __________ (take)me to watch an opera.
2. When you leave, please turn off the lights __________ (save)energy.
3. The joke was so funny that it made him __________ (laugh)again and again.
4. I still like those good old songs I often listened to __________ (enjoy)myself in my spare time.
5. Tony, remember __________ (not, talk)with your mouth full of food.
答案: 1. to take 2. to save 3. laugh 4. to enjoy
5. not to talk
二、动名词的语法功能
功能 例 句 说 明
主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多对你的健康有害处。 谓语动词用单数
功能 例 句 说 明
宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。 表示习惯性的动作
Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。 功能 例 句 说 明
表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语
定语 Bill is in the reading room. 比尔在阅览室里。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等
【巧学妙记】
喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)
盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)
想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)
忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)
后接动词-ing
【活学巧练】
1. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ (run)for such a long time.
2. —Jane’s spoken English is pretty good.
—Yeah, she works hard and practices __________ (speak)it both in and out of class.
3. —Do you think it will stop __________ (rain)by noon
—Well, it is really hard to say.
4. A group of middle school students spent two weeks __________ (trek)through the jungle.
5. Tina is so shy that she is afraid of __________ (speak)in front of a group.
答案: 1. running 2. speaking 3. raining 4. trekking
5. speaking
三、分词
功 能 说 明 例 句
定语 现在分词作定语, 通常含有主动和正在进行的意义, 其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词; 过去分词作定语, 通常含有被动和完成的意义, 其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词 ①Do you know the boy playing football
你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗
②Please hand in your written exercise.
请交上你的书面练习。
功 能 说 明 例 句
状语 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。现在分词作伴随状语, 表示主语在进行一个动作的同时所进行的另一个动作, 过去分词作状语, 意义相当于状语从句, 一般用逗号分开 ①The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。
②Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful. 从小山上看, 我们的学校显得更美丽了。
表语 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征; 过去分词表示某种状态 ①The news is exciting.
这个消息令人兴奋。
②I’m interested in the book.
我对这本书感兴趣。
补 足 语 现在分词作补足语, 被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系); 过去分词作补足语, 被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系) ①Don’t keep me waiting for a long time.
别让我等很长时间。
②I had my hair cut last night.
昨天晚上我理发了。
【活学巧练】
1. The students are sitting in the classroom, __________ (do)their homework.
2. Grandpa Li is old and he has trouble __________ (hear)what others say to him.
3. —I’m sorry to have kept you __________ (wait)for such a long time.
—It doesn’t matter.
4. Look! There are some birds __________ (fly)in the sky. They are very beautiful.
5. We found a little boy __________ (cry)in the corner when we passed by.
答案: 1. doing 2. hearing 3. waiting 4. flying
5. crying
谢 谢！
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2017中考专题复习真题演练
专题八 非谓语动词
（一）典型例题解析
1. All kinds of flowers a pleasant smell in spring.
A. invent B. discover C. build D. produce
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意: 春天各种花都散发出怡人的香味。invent意为“发明”; discover意为“发现”; build意为“建立; 建造”; produce意为“生产; 制造; 产生”。
2. —Dinner is ready. Help yourself!
—Wow! It delicious. Could you please tell me how to cook it
A. tastes B. looks
C. sounds D. feels
【解析】选A。考查感官动词辨析。句意: ——晚饭准备好了, 随便吃! ——哇, 尝起来太美味了。请你告诉我怎样做好吗 taste意为“尝起来”; look意为“看起来”; sound意为“听起来”; feel意为“感觉起来”。
3. The pants look beautiful. Can I
A. try on it B. try on them
C. try it on D. try them on
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 这条裤子很漂亮。我可以试穿一下吗 try on意为“试穿”, 为动词+副词短语, 当宾语是代词时, 应放在它们中间。pants为复数, 所以用them代替。21*cnjy*com
4. I know a right choice usually to success and happiness.
A. leads B. happens
C. gets D. agrees
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意: 我知道一个正确的选择通常通向成功和幸福。lead意为“导致”, lead to意为“通向……”; happen意为“发生”; get意为“得到”; agree意为“同意”。
5. —What should I do
—Never your dream.
A. get up B. give up
C. think up D. wake up
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: ——我应该做什么 ——从不放弃你的梦想。get up意为“起床”; give up意为“放弃”; think up意为“想出; 提出”; wake up意为“醒来; 唤醒”。
6. Tickets, please. May I your ticket please, madam
A. show B. watch C. find D. see
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意: 请出示票。我可以看一下你的票吗, 女士 show意为“展示”; watch意为“观看”; find意为“找到”; see意为“查看”。
7. —How are you your friends
—Very well. They are very friendly.
A. catching up with B. getting on with
C. looking forward to D. going on with
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: ——你和你的朋友相处得怎么样
——很好。他们都很友好。catch up with意为“赶上”; get on with意为“和……相处”; look forward to意为“盼望; 期待”; go on with意为“继续做……”。
8. It’s very hot here. Why not your coat
A. take out B. take off
C. take away D. take down
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 这里非常热, 为什么不脱下你的外套 take out意为“取出”; take off意为“脱下”; take away意为“带走”; take down意为“记下”。
9. They the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. 2·1·c·n·j·y
A. put off B. put down
C. put on D. put away
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 由于大雨他们推迟了运动会。put off意为“推迟; 拖延”; put down意为“放下”; put on意为“穿上”; put away意为“把……收拾好”。
10. —Why couldn’t you the correct spelling of the word
—Er. . . I hadn’t got a Chinese-English dictionary at hand.
A. look for B. look down
C. look up D. look at
【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意: ——你为什么不查阅这个单词的正确拼写 ——嗯, 我手边没有汉英字典。look for意为“寻找”; look down意为“瞧不起”; look up意为“查阅”; look at意为“看……”。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
11. He a new school to give free education to poor students.
A. cleaned up B. set up
C. fixed up D. ended up
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 为了给予穷学生免费的教育, 他建立了一所新学校。clean up意为“清除”; set up意为“建立”; fix up意为“修理”; end up意为“结束”。【版权所有：21教育】
12. Kate didn’t go to the movies last night because she had to her sick dog at home. 21*cnjy*com
A. look at B. look up C. look for D. look after
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 昨晚凯特没有去看电影, 因为她必须在家照顾生病的狗。look at意为“看……”; look up意为“查阅”; look for意为“寻找”; look after意为“照顾”。
13. When you try to a crying boy, you can make faces.
A. wake up B. cheer up
C. give up D. stay up
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 当你试图使哭泣的孩子振奋起来时, 你可以做鬼脸。wake up意为“唤醒”; cheer up意为“使振奋”; give up意为“放弃”; stay up意为“熬夜”。
14. Can you tell me the computer
A. how to use B. how using
C. what to use D. what using
【解析】选A。考查动词不定式。句意: 你能告诉我怎样使用电脑吗 本题考查“疑问词+动词不定式”。
（二）2016年中考真题
一、动词不定式
1重庆A卷You should ask Bob ________ his own clothes. He is ten years old now.
A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to wash
2.山东济宁 The show was so funny that it made everyone ______ again and again.
A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh
3.山东青岛We have worked so long. Shall we stop ______ a rest
A. have B. to having C. having D. to have
4.山东烟台 ----Could you please ______me your notebook, Grace
----Certainly. Here you are.
A. borrow B. to borrow C. lend D. to lend
5.四川成都----I’ll have a ten---day holiday.But I don’t know ______.
----How about Paris
A. What to do B.where to go C.when to go
6.山东临沂 These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits. They tell people ______shark fins in order to protect sharks.
A.eat B.to eat C.not eat D.not to eat
7.湖南株洲The Chinese team are working hard _____honors in the 2016Olympic Games.
A.to win B.win C.winning
8.四川宜宾 It’s getting dark. You’d better _____out by yourself. It’s dangerous.
A.not go B.not to go C.to go 21·世纪*教育网
9.湖南衡阳----_____ invite Tom and Sally to the party tonight
----Good idea. I’ll give them a call right now.
A.Why B. Why not C. What about
10.天津I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered ____ me to watch an opera. www.21-cn-jy.com
A.took B.takes C.to take D.taking
11.山东滨州----I’m sorry I _____ my exercise book at home this morning.
----It doesn’t matter. Don’t forget _____ it here this afternoon.
A.left, to take B.forget, bringing C.left, to bring D.forgot, to bring
12.四川攀枝花Tom has decided _____ a part--time job after he graduates from school.
A.do B.to do C.did D.doing
13. 重庆B卷 Taijiis my favorite and I often play it ______ healthy.
A. to keep B. keeps C. keeping D. kept
14.四川广安 ----It’s getting dark now. Why not stop_____ home .
----OK. Let’s go.
A.go B.going C.to go D. Goes
15.四川绵阳How kind you are ! You always do what you can ____others.
A.help B.helping C.helps D.to help
16.四川南充My parents don’t allow me _____late.
A.stay up B.to stay up C.stays up D.staying up
17江苏盐城 We must do everything we can_____waste water from running into the rivers.
A.prevent B.prevented C.preventing D. to prevent
18.湖南郴州----Why are you so excited
----Nancy invited me ______ on a trip on Dongjaing Lake just now.
A.to go B.go C.going
19.湖南郴州----I feel upset because I’m too heavy.
----______do more exercise to lose some weight.
A.Why don’t B.Why not C. Why not to
20.湖北鄂州 ---Could you tell me some information about the hotels in your city
---Why not ______ on the Internet
A. look for it B. to look for it C. look it up D. to look it up
21.湖北鄂州---Hi, Mr. Zhang, do you often come here to climb the mountain
---- Yes, _____ exercise. You see, I’m healthier than before.
A. to get B. getting C. get D. gets
22.上海I can’t tell you what she said. I’ve promised _____ it a secret.
A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.kept
23内蒙呼和浩特----I tried to make Alice _____her mind but I found it difficult.
----Well, I saw you ____that when I went past.
A.changed , do B.changes, doing C.change, to do D.change, doing
24.贵州安顺Though he often made his little sister _____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.
A.cry, to cry B.crying, crying C.cry, cry D.to cry, cry
25.河南The boss asked Tim to go and _____out if there was anyone else absent.
A.find B.finding C.to find D.found
26.湖北荆门---Would you like to go swimming in the river, John
---Swim Sorry, our teachers always tell us _____in the river alone.
A.don’t swim B. to not swim C.not swimming D.not to swim
27湖北荆门----My uncle is against wasting anything.
----No wonder he would rather _____the old bike than _____a new one.
A.repair, to buy B.to repair, buy C.repair, buy D.to repair, to buy
28.黑龙江齐齐哈尔After dinner ,he used to _____computer games , but now he is used to ____.
A.play, walk B.playing, walking C.play ,walking
29.黑龙江齐齐哈尔Let’s ______ noise. Someone is sleeping.
A.not make B.not making C.not to make
30湖北咸宁——What does the sign mean
——It tells us____________in public.
A.didn’t smoke B.don’t smoke C.not to smoke D.not smoke
31.湖北黄冈----I’m sorry, Mr. Hu. I_____my English exercise book at home.
----It doesn’t matter. Please remember _____it here this afternoon.
A.forgot, to bring B.left, to take C.forgot, to take D.left, to bring
32.湖南邵阳She said she hoped ______her daughter.
A.to see B.you to see C.seeing
33.四川雅安Our teacher often asks us time.
A.not waste B.don t waste C.not to waste D.doesn’t waste
34.黑龙江绥化It’s our duty _____ our hometown clean and beautiful. We must do something for it. 21·cn·jy·com
A.keeping B.keeps C.to keep 【出处：21教育名师】
35.黑龙江龙东Though she often makes her little brother ______ , she was made ______ by him
this morning.
A. cry ; to cry B. to cry ; cry C. cry ; cry
36.黑龙江龙东We advise parents ______ their children at home alone in order to keep them away21·cn·jy·com【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
from danger.
A. not to leave B. not leave C. not leaving
37.吉林长春I bought a big box ________ books for kids in poor areas.
A. collects B. to collect C. collect D. collected
38.吉林Joining a summer camp is a great chance ______free time with your friends.
A.spend B.spending C.to spend 21世纪教育网版权所有
39.辽宁丹东---You never miss one minute in class.
----You know, we must listen to the teacher carefully _____.
A.take notes B.taking notes C.to take notes D.takes notes21教育名师原创作品
40.湖南张家界If we want ______to a good college, we’d better study hard.
A.go B.going C.to go
41.云南The Smiths have decided _____ a house near the sea.
A.buy B.bought C.buying D.to buy
42.宁夏He is not old enough _____to school.
A.gone B.going C.went D.to go
43.新疆乌鲁木齐----What would you like to relax yourself
----I prefer _______ basketball rather than ______ magazines.
A.playing, reading B.to play , to read C.play, read D.to play, readwww-2-1-cnjy-com
二、动名词
1.湖南长沙 ----- Jane’s spoken English is pretty good.
-----Yeah, she works hard and practices _____it both in and out of class.
A.spoke B.to spoke C.speaking
2.南京 ----Have you read the book Jane Eyre
----Yes. It’s a famous book and really worth _____.
A.to read B.reading C.to be read D.read
3.湖南衡阳 The novel is great. It’s well worth _____.
A.read B.reads C.reading
4.四川绵阳Do you want to be healthy _____ Smiling can help you stay healthy.
A.Smile B.Smiling C.Smiles D.Smiled
5.四川巴中Tina is busy ______ at school, but she never forgets _____her mother ever day. 2-1-c-n-j-y
A.work, to call B.working, to call C.working, calling
6.甘肃武威We talked about ______ new words.
A.learn B.learned C.learning D.to learn
7.上海After she finished ______the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.
A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading
8.黑龙江齐齐哈尔We feel like _____ some food and drink because we’ll invite some friends_____in a party.
A.buying, to join B.to buy, joining C.buying, join
9.甘肃张掖We talked about ______ new words.
A.learn B.learned C.learning D.to learn
10.海南Bruce practices ________ basketball every day so that he can be a better player.21教育网
A.play B. to play C. playing21cnjy.com
11.黑龙江绥化His grandparents are used _____ in the morning.
A.to exercise B.to exercising C.exercise
12.青海西宁I hope everyone can care about _______ the environment and stop _______ things.21cnjy.com
A. protecting; wasting B. protecting; to waste
C. protect; wasting D. protect; to waste
13.青海西宁 Do you want to be healthy _______. Smiling can help you stay healthy.
A. Smile B. Smiling C. To smile D. Smiled
14.贵州铜仁—What a valuable book it is!
—So it is. It’s worth ________.
A. reading B. seeing C. watching D. Looking
15.贵州六盘水My father used to drive to work, but he is used to ______ now.
A.walking B.walked C.walks D.walk
三、分词
1.湖北宜昌 ---It has been raining for days. When will it stop
---It is that the rainy season will be longer than last year.
A. says B. said C. saying D. to say
2.黑龙江龙东.I often hear the little girl ______ the piano in the next room.
A. practicing playing B. practice to play C. practice playing
3.湖北恩施----Why did she shout just now
----The traffic was too noisy and she had to make herself clearly.
A. hear B. hearing C. heard
4.湖北恩施----There are some boys ______ basketball over there.
-----Let's go and join them.
A. are playing B. playing C. to play
参考答案：
一、动词不定式
1---5:DADCB ; 6--10: DAABC; 11--15: CBACD; 16--20:BDABC ; 21--25:ABDAA ; 26--30:DCCAC ; 31---35: BACCA; 36---40: ABCCC; 41---43: DDD
二、动名词
1--5:CBCBB ; 6---10:CDACC ; 11--15: BABAA.
三、分词
1--4: BACB.
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