21世纪教育网 –中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2017中考专题复习真题演练
专题十二 特殊句式和主谓一致
（一）典型例题解析
特殊句式
1. —Peter, do you visit your grandfather
—Twice a month.
A. how long B. how soon
C. how far D. how often
【解析】选D。考查特殊疑问句。句意: ——Peter, 你多久拜访一次你的爷爷
——一月两次。how long意为“多长”, 对时间段提问; how soon意为“多久以后”, 对in+时间段提问; how far意为“多远”, 对距离提问; how often意为“多久”, 对频率提问。【版权所有：21教育】
2. bad day! Don’t go out, please.
A. How a B. What
C. What a D. How
【解析】选C。考查感叹句。句意: 多么糟糕的天气呀! 请不要出去。What引导感叹句修饰名词, day为可数名词, 故用a。
3. me the truth, or I’ll be angry.
A. Telling B. To tell
C. Told D. Tell
【解析】选D。考查祈使句。句意: 告诉我真相, 否则我会生气。本句用“祈使句, or+一般将来时”, 祈使句用动词原形开头。
4. —She likes singing and dancing.
— .
A. So do I B. So I do
C. So am I D. So I am
【解析】选A。考查倒装句。句意: ——她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。——我也一样。倒装句“so +助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示肯定句的“也”; 首句的谓语动词是实义动词like, 所以借助助动词do。
5. Let’s go to the island,
A. won’t you B. will you
C. shall we D. will we
【解析】选C。考查反意疑问句。句意: 让我们去那个岛, 好吗 Let’s型祈使句的反意疑问句是shall we
6. — are you going —I’m going to the library.
A. Who B. Which
C. What D. Where
【解析】选D。考查特殊疑问句。句意: ——你要去哪 ——我要去图书馆。根据答句可知对地点提问, 故用where。
7. Not only good at running, but also he does well in basketball.
A. he is B. he does C. does he D. is he
【解析】选D。考查倒装句。句意: 他不但擅长跑步, 而且篮球打得也不错。not only. . . but also. . . 意为“不但……而且……”, 连接两个并列句子, 并且当not only位于句首时, 其后的句子倒装。
8. beautiful the flowers are!
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
【解析】选A。考查感叹句。句意: 这些花多漂亮呀! how引导感叹句, 修饰形容词beautiful。
9. late again, Bill!
A. Don’t to be B. Don’t be
C. Not be D. Be not
【解析】选B。考查祈使句。句意: 比尔, 不要再迟到! 动词原形be开头的祈使句, 否定形式是在动词原形前加Don’t。
10. — are you staying there
—For a year.
A. How long B. How soon
C. How far D. How often
【解析】选A。考查特殊疑问句。句意: ——你要在那里待多长时间 ——一年。根据答句可知对“时间段”提问。
11. Please help me carry it,
A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we
【解析】选B。考查反意疑问句。句意: 请帮我搬运它, 好吗 祈使句的反意疑问句, 除了Let’s型的是shall we, 其余所有的都是will you。
12. This is your brother,
A. isn’t it B. aren’t it
C. isn’t this D. aren’t this
【解析】选A。考查反意疑问句。句意: 这是你的哥哥, 不是吗 前面肯定, 后面否定; 指示代词this要用人称代词it代替。
主谓一致
1. There a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 今天的报纸上有许多好新闻。There be句型遵循就近原则, news意为“新闻”, 不可数名词, be用单数形式, 由today’s newspaper可知用一般现在时。
2. Climbing hills of great help to health.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 爬山对健康有极大的好处。动名词climbing hills作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
3. All but Dick having a good time in the park now.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 现在, 除了Dick, 大家都在公园玩得很开心。主语all指all people, 是复数, 虽然后面有but Dick, 但是谓语动词和all保持一致, 用复数形式。
4. Two hundred and fifty pounds enough.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 250英镑足够了。Two hundred and fifty pounds当作一个整体来看, 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
5. There few new words in Lesson One. It is very easy.
A. is B. aren’t
C. isn’t D. are
【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。句意: 第一课几乎没有新单词, 很简单。There be句型的be动词的变化依据就近原则。21·cn·jy·com
6. Our knowledge of space growing all the time. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A. be B. is C. are D. were
【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意: 我们的太空知识一直在增长。主语的中心词是knowledge, 意为“知识”, 是不可数名词。
7. The writer and teacher coming now.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 这位作家兼教师现在要来了。the writer and teacher意为“这位作家兼教师”, 指的是同一个人, 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
8. The box of rubbers white.
A. is B. are
C. be D. were
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 这盒橡皮是白的。the box of. . . 意为“这盒……”, 作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于box的单复数形式。2-1-c-n-j-y
9. There a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk.
A. are B. is
C. has D. have
【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意: 桌子上有一支钢笔, 两支铅笔和三本书。There be中的be动词的变化采用就近原则, a pen是可数名词单数。
10. Mr. Green’s family very large. All his family skiing.
A. are; enjoy B. is; enjoy
C. are; enjoys D. is; enjoys
【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意: 格林先生家里人口很多。他全家人都喜欢滑雪。第一句话中family意为“家庭”, 表示整体, 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 第二句话中, family意为“家人”, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
（二）2016年中考真题
特殊句式
疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句类
一、疑问句
（一）一般疑问句
1.四川南充---Is there a watermelon on the table
----______.
A. Yes, there is B.Yes, it is C.No, there is D.No, it isn’t
2.甘肃武威----______
----Certainly.
A.What’s your favorite season B.How do you like the movie
C.Could you give a hand with these boxes D. Would you like to go with me or go alone21cnjy.com
3.湖北宜昌---Excuse me. Is there a bus to the Olympic Center
--- . You can take the No. 111 bus.
A. Yes, it is B. Yes, there is C. I’m not sure D. Sorry, I have no idea
4.贵州铜仁 —Is the girl in red your friend
—_________. She is learning Chinese now.
A. Yes, it is B. Yes, he is C. Yes, she is D. Yes, she doeswww-2-1-cnjy-com
5.云南昆明----Jim, are these your keys
----_____. They are hers.
A.Yes, it is. B.No, it isn’t C.Yes, they are. D.No, they aren’t
（二）特殊疑问句
1.山东青岛— ______ do you usually share happiness with
— My parents and my best friend.
A. Who B. Whose C. What D. How
2山东菏泽-----_____teachers will you miss the most after junior middle school, Lisa
----Ms Lee and Mr. Hunt
A.Whose B.Which C.What
3.四川绵阳----______ is the boy with a pair of glasses
----My brother, John.
A.How B.Who C.Where D.What
4.山东济南-----______ did you visit Taiwan with, Sarah
----My parents. We had a good time there.
A.What B.Who C.Where D.When
5.广西南宁----Excuse me, ______
----It’s next to Wanda Cinema.
A.when is the movie on B.what is your mother
C.who is the girl under the tree D.where is the nearest bookshop
6.湖北宜昌---Attention, please! I have good news for you about your flight.
---
A.What are they B. Where is it C. How are you D. What is it
7.黑龙江绥化---_____ did you write to last night
----A pen pal.
A.What B.Where C.Whom
8.山东东营 ----_______is your father
----He's an engineer in a big factory.
A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where
9.云南昆明----______
----Great! Everyone had fun.
A.How was the school trip yesterday B.How often do you exercise
C.Did you ride a horse D.Can you do the dishes
10.云南----_____will the 2016 Summer Olympic Games be held in Brazil
----In August.
A.When B.How C.Why D.Where
11.贵州毕节----______ do you often get to school , Michael 21世纪教育网版权所有
-----On foot.
A.How B.When C.What D.Where
（三）反意疑问句
1.江苏宿迁---There is a beautiful park near your school, _______ ---Yes. I often go walking there.
A.is there B.isn’t there C.are there D.aren’t there
2.贵州安顺He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, _____
A.is he B.isn’t he C.can’t he D.can he
3.湖南永州David never fights with his classmates , _____
A.does he B.doesn’t he C.isn’t he
4.黑龙江龙东Let’s go to Disneyland in Shanghai in August, ______
A. shall we B. will you C. won’t you
（四）选择疑问句
1.山东济南---Bill, does your sister have brown hair or red hair
----_____. She takes after my mother.
A.Yes, she does. B.No, she doesn’t C.Brown hair D.I don’t know.
2.吉林长春 ----Do you improve your spoken English by communicating with others or reading aloud
----________. I make lots of new friends in this way, too.
A. Yes, I do. B. I like English very much.
C. No, I don’t. D. By communicating with others.
3.辽宁丹东Our mother’s birthday is coming .Do you want to buy a wallet or a scarf for her
---______.She got a beautiful scarf last week.
A.Yes, I do. B.No, I don’t C.A scarf D.A wallet
二、感叹句
1山东烟台 ----_____ weather it is ! Shall we go for a picnic
----I can’t agree more.
A. What a good B. What good C. How good the D. How good
2.福建福州----_______ angry Kangkang looks!What happened 21教育名师原创作品
---He found his mother reading his diary when he returned home yesterday.
A. How B.What C.What an
3.湖南株洲 _____pleasant journey it is !
A.How B.What C.What a 21·世纪*教育网
4.四川宜宾 ______fine weather we have today !
A.What a B.How C. What 21*cnjy*com
5.温州 ---Do you think the Terracotta Army in China is more than 2,000 years old
---Wow! ______.
A. How large it is ! B. How modern it is !
C. What a long history it has! D.What a beautiful it is !
6.山东滨州----Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest.
----_____ big progress she has made ! She used to be weak in English.
A. How B.How a C.What D.What a
7.重庆B卷 --- TuYouyou has won the Nobel Prize.
--- ______ great she is! We Chinese are so proud of her.
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
8.新疆阜康、米泉_____ weather it is today! We’d better stay at home.
A.What hot B.How hot C.What a hot D. How a hot
9.连云港----_____heavy the rainstorm is !
----Yes, the town has experienced the most serious flood during the past ten years.
A.How B.What C.How a D. What a
10.四川巴中---A famous singer is going to hold a concert here in July.
----Really _____ exciting news!
A.How B.What an C.What
11.江苏宿迁---Did you watch the China’s Military Parade on TV ---Yes. _______ great it was!
A.How B.What C.How a D. What a
12.上海______ wonderful speech Emma gave at the UN conference!
A.How B.What C.What a D.What an
13.山东济南----Making paper bottles Wow, _____great idea!
----Thank you. We may use less plastic in this way.
A.how B.what C.what an D.what a
14.陕西---Volunteers from Lantin Saving Team have saved many travellers in the mountains.
----_______ they are !
A.How great a man B.How great men 21*cnjy*com
C.What a great man D.What great men
15.黑龙江齐齐哈尔The girl got the only chance to study abroad. _____ proud her parents felt!
A.How B.What C.What a
16.湖北宜昌 ---The firemen did all their best to put out the fire.
--- excellent firemen!
A.What B. What an C. How an D. How
17.湖北咸宁——The__________Brazil’s Olympic games will be held on August 5.
——_________exciting news for the long summer vacation!
A.thirty-one; How a B.thirty-first; What
C.thirty-first; What an D.thirty-one; How21·cn·jy·com
18.江苏淮安______ great fun Andrew has ______ DIY in the art room with his classmates!
A. What; doing B. What; done C. How; doing D. How; done
19.黑龙江绥化_____cold weather it is !
A.How a B.What a C.What
20.黑龙江龙东he temperature in June is still low. ______ bad the weather is!
A. What B. How C. What a
21.吉林长春________ great news it is! We’ll have a school trip next week.
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
22.吉林---Do you know some robots are able to serve as waiters in the restaurant
----Really ______ interesting it is !
A.What B.What a C.How
23.辽宁丹东---We are going to take part in Running Man.
----______exciting news!
A.What B.What an C.How D.How an
24.云南昆明----Have you watched the boat races this Dragon Boat Festival
----Yes. ______ wonderful races!
A.What an B.What a C.What D.How
25.云南______exciting boat race it was ! Many people watched it.
A.What a B.What an C.How D.How a
26.新疆乌鲁木齐----_____exciting news it is the Disneyland in Shanghai has opened to the public! 【出处：21教育名师】
----______. We plan to go there this summer holiday. www.21-cn-jy.com
A.What an , So is it B.What, So it is C.How, So it is D.How, So is it
三、祈使句
1.山东泰安：As we all know, life is short but amazing. ______it !
A. Enjoy B. To enjoy C. Enjoying D. Enjoyed
2.四川攀枝花______ your umbrella, or you’ll catch a cold on such a rainy day.
A. Take B. To take C. Taking D.Taken
3. 重庆B卷 --- Jack, don’t always copy what others do. ______ your head, please.
--- Thanks for telling me.
A. Using B. Used C. Uses D. Use
4.山东济南 ______dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes.
A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.Gets
5.吉林长春________ me an e-mail before you come to Hangzhou. I’ll meet you at the airport. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A. Sending B. To send C. Sends D. Send
6.贵州六盘水______late for the meeting, it’s impolite.
A.No B.Not C.Don’t D.Don’t be
四、倒装句
1.四川攀枝花----I think you are different now.
----Of course, times have changed and _____.
A.so have I B.so I have C.neither have I D.neither I have
2.黑龙江龙东I don’t know if you ______ to Mary’s party next Sunday. If you go, ______.
A. go ; so will I B. will go ; so will I C. will go ; so do I
3.新疆乌鲁木齐----_____exciting news it is the Disneyland in Shanghai has opened to the public!
----______. We plan to go there this summer holiday.
A.What an , So is it B.What, So it is C.How, So it is D.How, So is it
参考答案：
一、疑问句
（一）、一般疑问句ACBCD
（二）、特殊疑问句1--5:ABBBD;6---11:DCBAAA
（三）、反意疑问句BDAA
（四）、选择疑问句CDC
二、感叹句1--5:BACCC; 6---10:CDAAC; 11---15:ACDDA; 16---20:BBBCB; 21---26:BCACBB
三、祈使句AACBDD
四、倒装句BBB
主谓一致
1.山东烟台 There _____ a number of books in the library and the number of them ____ increasing. 21教育网
A. has, is B. have , are C. are, is D. is, are
2.四川自贡 Everybody except Mike and Linda ______ there when the meeting began.
A. are B. was C. were
3.四川攀枝花Look, this is our class photo. There _____45 students in my class.
A.has B.have C.is D.are
4.四川巴中In our city there _____a number of cars and the number of them _____growing larger and larger.
A.are, is B.have, is C.is , are
5.四川南充Alice prefers stories that ____short and funny.
A.are B.is C.was D.were
6.江苏盐城Witch out, Peter! _____ is a little boy playing ahead on the road.
A.It B.This C.That D.There
7.湖南郴州---Look, A woman with three children ______ crossing the street.
----Let’s help them.
A.is B.are C.was 2·1·c·n·j·y
8.上海The twins _____fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
A.be B.am C.is D.are
9.贵州安顺---What would you like to have for supper, Jack 21cnjy.com
----Either noodle or rice _____ OK. I don’t mind.
A.are B.were C.is D.was
10.湖北荆门The number of the volunteers in our city _____2,000. And sixty percent of them ____ teachers and students.
A.is, is B.is, are C.are, is D.are, are
11.黑龙江齐齐哈尔There ______some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.
A.are B.is C.have
12.黑龙江齐齐哈尔Not only you but also everyone here _____watching football matches.
A.likes B.like C.is like
13.湖南永州Neither Li Hua nor I _____good at writing.
A.am B.is C.are
14.湖北孝感Both Kate and I ________ ready for the new high school life.
A. am B. is C. are D. Be
15.黑龙江绥化There _____a pencil and some pens in the box.
A.is B.are C.aren’t 21·cn·jy·com
16.湖北武汉--What’s the matter,Jenny
---______something wrong with my bike.
A.It is B.There is C.I have D.It has
17.黑龙江龙东About ______ of the land ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. three fifths; is B. three fifths ; are C. three fifth; are
18.吉林长春here ________ two dictionaries on the bookcase. You can use either of them.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
19.湖北恩施Nowadays, ______ of the old people in the area _____ used to dancing on the square after supper.
A. two third; is B. two thirds; is C. two thirds; are
20.贵州六盘水Running _______ a good way to exercise every day.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
21.湖南张家界Playing computer games too much ______ bad for students’ health.
A.am B.is C.are
22.贵州毕节______there any rice in the bag
A.Has B.Is C.Are D.Have
参考答案：
主谓一致
1--5:CBDAA ; 6---10: DADCB; 11--15:BAACA ; 16---22:BACCA;BB
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专题十二
特殊句式和主谓一致
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
一、一般疑问句
用 法 例 句
以系动词be开头的疑问句 Are you a student 你是学生吗
以助动词开头的疑问句 Do you speak French
你说法语吗
以情态动词开头的疑问句 Can you dance 你会跳舞吗
【活学巧练】
1. — __________ there any living things on other planets
—I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.
2. — __________ you ever been abroad
—No, I have never been to a foreign country.
3. — __________ he usually get up so late
—He seldom gets up early because he always goes to bed too late.
答案: 1. Are 2. Have 3. Does
二、特殊疑问句
引导词 用 法 例 句
常用疑问代词 what什么; who谁; whom谁(who的宾格); which哪个(些); whose谁的 What are you doing
你在干什么
常用疑问副词 when何时; where何地; how怎么; why为什么 Where are you going tomorrow
明天你去哪儿
引导词 用 法 例 句
常用疑问短语 what time什么时刻; how many/much多少; how often多久一次; how soon多久; how long多长时间; how old多大(年龄) —How long have you been here
——你来这儿多久了
—For 10 minutes.
——十分钟了。
【活学巧练】
1. — __________ are you leaving for Shanghai
—Next week.
2. Do you know __________ Jeff is going to do when he finishes school
3. — __________ are you always staying up so late these days
—To prepare for my final exam.
4. —How __________ is the World Cup held
—Every 4 years.
5. I found a wallet at the gate. __________ is it
答案: 1. When 2. what 3. Why 4. often 5. Whose
三、反意疑问句
1. 反意疑问句的两种基本句型。
基本句型 例 句
肯定陈述句+否定简略问句 Lucy is from England, isn’t she 露西来自英格兰, 不是吗
否定陈述句+肯定简略问句 Ann doesn’t like apples, does she 安不喜欢苹果, 对吗
注意: 前一部分是一个陈述句, 后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时, 要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问, 前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。
2. 反意疑问句的特殊形式。
①当陈述部分是“there be +主语+其他”结构时, 反意疑问部分要用“be(not)+ there”结构。例如:
There are some bananas in the basket, aren’t there
篮子里有些香蕉, 是吗
②当陈述部分有hardly, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时, 反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。例如:
He hardly remembers his old friend’s name, does he
他几乎不记得他的老朋友的名字了, 对吗
③肯定祈使句的反意疑问部分用will you或won’t you皆可。否定祈使句的反意疑问句部分用will you。例如:
Be sure to write to us, will you/won’t you
一定要给我们写信, 好吗(不好吗)
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you
请不要在会议室吸烟, 好吗
④在宾语从句中, 如果陈述句部分是“I think(believe, suppose, imagine, expect等)+宾语从句”, 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致, 并要注意否定转移。(简而言之: 反从不反主)例如:
I don’t think you have heard of him before, have you
我认为你以前没有听说过他, 是吗
【活学巧练】
1. —Don’t be late for school next time, __________ you
—No, I won’t.
2. We have to finish the work now, __________ we
3. Nancy, sweep the classroom, __________ you
4. —It’s Father’s Day today, __________ it
—Yes, let’s buy a gift for Dad.
5. I hear the tall girl wearing glasses is your new classmate. She’s from America, __________ she
答案: 1. will 2. don’t 3. will 4. isn’t 5. isn’t
四、感叹句
类 别 结 构 例 句
以how 引导 How+adj. +a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is! 多么聪明的男孩!
How+adj. /adv. +主语+谓语! How quickly Tom runs! 汤姆跑得真快!
类 别 结 构 例 句
以what 引导 What + a/an+adj. +单数可数名词+主语+谓语! What a beautiful mountain it is!
多么美丽的山啊!
What+adj. +复数可数名词+主语+谓语! What great inventions he has made!
他的发明多么伟大啊!
What+adj. +不可数名词+主语+谓语! What bad weather it is today! 今天的天气多么糟糕啊!
【巧学妙记】
感叹句, 并不难, what或how摆在前。
强调名词用what, 其余how很简单。
名词若是可数单, 前带冠词a或an。
主语谓语放在后, 省略也是很常见。
【活学巧练】
1. —Listen! Someone is playing the piano.
—Wow! __________ beautiful music! I like it very much.
2. — __________ a nice day today!
—Yeah, let’s take a walk outside.
3. __________ important it is for kids to imagine freely!
4. __________ a beautiful skirt it is!
5. —Wow! __________ cold it is today!
—Yes. I’m afraid it will be colder tomorrow.
答案: 1. What 2. What 3. How 4. What 5. How
五、祈使句
1. 肯定形式的祈使句。
Do型 动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分 Please have a seat.
请坐。
Be型 Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分 Be quiet! 安静!
Let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分 Let me help you.
让我帮助你。
2. 否定形式的祈使句。
(1)Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don’t构成。例如:
①Don’t forget me! 不要忘记我!
②Don’t be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
(2)Let型的否定式有两种: “Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分”。例如:
Don’t let him go. /Let him not go. 别让他走。
(3)有些可用no开头, 用来表示禁止性的祈使句。例如:
No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
【活学巧练】
1. Daniel, __________ play with the mobile phone while you’re walking in the street.
2. __________ (not, walk)on the grass, or it will“cry”.
3. __________ (be)kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in.
4. Please __________ (go)over your exam papers once again before handing them in.
5. __________ (not, forget)to give my dog some food and change her water while I am away.
答案: 1. don’t 2. Don’t walk 3. Be 4. go 5. Don’t forget
六、语法一致
1. 语法一致原则, 就是句子的谓语动词同句子的主语在语法形式上保持一致, 即主语是第三人称单数或不可数名词时, 谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式; 当主语是第一、第二、第三人称复数形式时, 谓语动词也用复数形式。
Tom is an English boy. 汤姆是一个英国男孩。
2. 语法一致原则的其他用法。
(1)用and或both. . . and. . . 连接的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are good friends. 汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
(2)不定代词something, somebody, someone, everything, everybody, everyone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, either, neither等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Is there anything wrong with your car
你的汽车有毛病吗
(3)由every. . . , every. . . and. . . , each. . . , each. . . and. . . 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl was given a new book.
每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书。
(4)由with, together with, as well as等词连接并列主语时, 谓语动词的数和前面的主语保持一致。
Tom with his good friends is going to Beijing next week.
汤姆和他的好朋友下周将去北京。
(5)lots of. . . , plenty of. . . , 分数或百分数+名词作主语时, 其谓语动词的形式取决于其后面的名词。如果是单数名词或不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数形式; 如果名词是复数形式, 则谓语动词用复数形式。
Three fifths of the students are boys.
五分之三的学生是男孩。
(6)由cup, bottle, pair等计量单位名词修饰的名词充当主语时, 谓语动词用单数还是复数形式由计量单位名词的单复数形式决定。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made by him every day.
他每天做十五双鞋子。
(7)某些复数形式的名词(如clothes, pants, shorts, shoes, gloves. . . )作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
My shoes are worn out. 我的鞋子穿坏了。
(8)动词不定式、动名词或句子作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。
What he said is true. 他说的话是真的。
【活学巧练】
1. Every day, too much water __________ (be)wasted in our school. We should save it.
2. Everyone in our class __________ (encourage)to take part in the English Speech Contest.
3. Mary with her parents often __________ (go)for a walk in the park after supper.
4. Everybody except Mike and Linda __________ (be)there when the meeting began.
5. —How many women doctors are there in your hospital
—The number of them __________ (be)over twenty.
答案: 1. is 2. is encouraged 3. goes 4. was 5. is
七、意义一致
1. 意义一致又叫概念一致, 即谓语是单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。
My family is a big one with ten people.
我的家庭是一个有十口人的大家庭。
2. 意义一致原则的具体用法。
(1)表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时, 通常把这些名词看作一个整体, 谓语一般用单数形式。
Ten years is a long time. 十年是一段很长的时间。
(2)family, class, group, team和crowd等集体名词作主语时, 如果表示整体概念, 谓语动词用单数形式: 如果表示集体中的成员, 谓语动词用复数形式。
My class is very good. 我们班非常好。
My family all like playing basketball.
我们全家人都喜欢打篮球。
(3)“the+形容词”作主语。
“the+形容词”作主语时如果指一类人, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如果指抽象的概念其谓语动词用单数。
The old in our town are taken good care of.
我们镇里的老人被照顾得非常好。
【活学巧练】
1. —Mom, I watched TV for only forty minutes. Sometimes watching TV is good for us.
—Forty minutes __________ (be)enough. Now you must do your homework.
2. Three million __________ (be)a large number. You can make it smaller.
3. Two fifths of the students in our class __________ (be)girls.
答案: 1. is 2. is 3. are
八、就近一致
1. 就近一致原则又叫邻近原则, 即谓语是单数还是复数要与最靠近它的主语保持一致。
Either you or he is right. 要么你对, 要么他对。
2. 就近一致原则的具体用法。
(1)由either. . . or, neither. . . nor, not only. . . but also. . . 连接两个并列主语时, 句子的谓语和较近的主语保持一致。
Neither Tom nor I am from Japan.
汤姆和我都不是来自日本。
(2)there(here)be结构中的谓语常与最近的主语保持一致。
There is a desk and ten chairs in the room.
在这个房间里有一张桌子和十把椅子。
【活学巧练】
1. —What would you like to have for supper
—Either noodles or rice ________ OK. I don’t mind.
2. Neither Tony nor I __________ (be)interested in playing Weibo.
3. Not only I but also Tom __________ (be)interested in English because it is useful.
答案: 1. is 2. am 3. is
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