1.【2016·江苏】33.P
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arents
should
actively
urge
their
children
to______the
opportunity
to
join
sports
teams.
A.
gain
admiss
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion
to
B.
keep
track
of
C.
take
advantage
ofD.
give
rise
to
【答案】C
【解析】考查短语辨析。动词短语gain
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dmission
to
获准进入；
keep
track
of记录；take
advantage
of利用；give
rise
to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。
【考点】考查短语辨析
21世纪教育网
2.【2016·天津】12.
I’m
go
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
to
_____
advantage
of
this
tour
to
explore
the
history
of
the
castle.
A.
put
B.
make
C.
take
D.
give
【答案】C
【考点】考查动词和短语。
3.【2016·浙江】8.
We
can
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
achieve
a
lot
when
we
learn
to
let
our
differences
unite
,
rather
than
_______
us.
A.
divide
B.
reject
C.
control
D.
abandon
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当我们学会让我
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。A.将……分开；B.拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选A。
【考点】考查动词辨析。
4.(2015·湖北，2
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )5)There
is
no
doubt
that
this
candidate's
advantage
lies
his
ability
to
communicate
with
foreigners
in
English.
解析 句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人沟通的能力。考查动词短语。lie
in在于……。
答案 in
5.(2015·湖北，2
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )6)Don't
worry.I'm
sure
your
missing
glasses
will
turn
sooner
or
later.
解析 句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到的。考查动词短语。turn
up出现；发生；开大；发现。
答案 up
6.(2015·陕西，25)Peter
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill
take
his
post
as
the
head
of
the
travel
agency
at
the
end
of
next
month.
解析 句意：彼得将会于下个月底就任他旅游公司负责人的职位。考查动词短语搭配。take
up开始从事。21世纪教育网
答案 up
7.(2015·天津，10)Tom
had
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
turn
the
invitation
to
the
party
last
weekend
because
he
was
too
busy.
解析 句意：因为太忙了，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝聚会的邀请。考查动词短语。turn
down拒绝，符合语境。
答案 down
8.(2015·浙江，7)Bod
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
language
can
give
a
lot
about
your
mood，so
standing
with
your
arms
folded
can
send
out
a
signal
that
you
are
being
defensive.
答案 away
9.(2015·江苏，27)The
uni
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )versity
started
some
new
language
programs
to
cater
the
country's
Silk
Road
Economic
Belt.
解析 句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。考查动词短语。cater
for
迎合，满足所需。21世纪教育网
答案 for
10.(2015·江苏，29)The
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hole
team
count
Cristiano
Ronaldo,
and
he
seldom
lets
them
down.
解析 句意：整个团队依靠Cristians
Donald，他很少让他们失望。考查动词短语。count
on依靠，指望。
答案 on
易错起源1、考查动词辨析
例1．
Try
not
to
coug
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h
more
than
you
can
________
since
it
may
cause
problems
to
your
lungs.
A.
check
B．allow
C．stop
D．help
解析：D
考查动词辨析。考生需掌握短语m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore
than
one
can
help的意思
“尽量不”，故正确答案是D项。句意：尽量不要咳嗽，因为这会给你的肺带来问题。
【名师点睛】
高考常考的几组动词词义辨析
1．injure，hurt，wound，destroy
injure
一般指在意外事故中受伤
hurt
是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害
wound
常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害
destroy
一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”
I
didn't
want
to
hurt
his
feelings.
我不想伤害他的感情。
He
was
wounded
in
the
battle.
他在战斗中负过伤。
2．beat，hit，strike，defeat，win
beat
表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“打败，胜过”
hit
表示对准目标打一下，强调击中
strike
表示突然性或一次性的击打
defeat
(＝beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体
win
是“(在……中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名词
Our
team
beat
the
American
team
by
eight.
我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。
She
hit
him
out
of
anger.
她生气地打了他一下。
The
tower
was
struck
by
lightning.
该塔被闪电击中了。
He
defeated
all
the
other
participants
and
won
the
prize.
他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】adopt，attach，adapt，adjust的区别
adopt
vt.
采取，采纳；收养，领养
attach
vt.
把……附(在……上)；重视attach
much
importance
to...
非常重视……
adapt
vt.
适应；adapt
oneself
to
适应于
adjust
vt.
适应，调整；adjust
oneself
to
适应于
This
kind
of
de
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sk
can
be
adjusted
to
the
height
you
need;
besides,
it
is
not
expensive
at
all.
这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。
Recently,
to
mai
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntain
national
balance,
the
Chinese
government
has
adopted
a
policy
of
encouraging
college
graduates
to
take
positions
in
rural
areas.
为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。
Parents
attach
much
im
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )portance
to
education.
They
will
do
their
best
to
give
their
children
that
priceless
gift.
父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠
易错起源2、考查动词短语的用法和意义
例2．
We
thought
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
selling
this
old
furniture
,but
we’ved
ecided
to
it.It
might
be
valuable.
A.hold
on
to
B.keep
up
with
C.turn
to
D.look
after
【错误解答】
D
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【正确解答】
A
【名师点睛】
多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。
以下为常见短语动词
:
一、动词
+
介词/副词
短语
例句
Act
on照……行事
He
acts
on
principles.
answer
for对……负责
You
will
answer
for
what
you’ve
done.
Arm...against带武器以防
He
armed
himself
against
wild
animals.
agree
with同意(某人)
I
agree
with
her.
agree
to同意(建议等)
They
agreed
to
the
proposal.
apree
on(in)同意商定(问题，条件等)
They
agreed
on
the
question.
arrive
at／in到达(某地)
He
arrived
in
Nanjing
at
five
o’clock
yesterday
mornring.
Atm
at
瞄准
He
aimed
the
gun
at
the
bird.
Ask
after
问候
My
fater
asked
after
you.
Ask
for
请求
The
boy
asked
for
more
food.
borrow．．．from从……借来
He
borrowed
a
like
from
Mary.
believe
in
信任
We
all
believe
in
her.
belong
to
属于
The
house
belongs
to
me.
burst
into突然……起来
She
burst
into
tears
at
the
news.
begin
at从(页)开始
Today
we
shall
begin
at
page
40.
Babe...on
根据
he
based
the
conclusion
on
experiments.
beat
about
the
bush绕弯子
Tell
me
the
truth.
Don’t
beat
about
the
bush.
Consist
of由……组成
The
society
consists
of
five
members.
congratulate……on祝贺
We
congratulated
her
on
winning
the
contest.
come
to
an
end
结束
The
talk
come
to
an
end
at
ten.
compare．．．to
把……比作
He
compared
the
young
to
the
rising
sun.
compare．．．with同……相比
She
compared
the
blue
pen
with
the
red
pen.
carebr喜欢；照料
He
doesn’t
care
for
playing
football.
Change．．．for用……交换
He
changed
his
radio
for
a
recorder.
ChanSe
from．．．to从……转到
She
changed
from
team
A
to
team
B.
clear
up
放晴
The
weather
cleared
up
in
the
afternoon.
come
across偶然碰到
I
came
across
an
old
friend
in
the
street.
come
into想出；进入
An
idea
suddenly
came
into
my
mind.
ca11
up
打电话
I
shall
call
her
up
soon.
Csll
for
叫(人)
He
will
call
for
you
in
the
evening.
call
for
为……叫喊
He
heard
someone
calling
for
help.
cdll
on
访问(某人)
She
will
call
on
a
friend
on
Sunday.
cdll
on
号召
The
Party
called
on
us
to
study
hard.
Cure...of
治愈
Fhe
medicine
cured
him
of
his
pain.
depend
on
依靠
He
depended
on
his
mother
in
life.
disagree
with与……意见不同
He
disagreed
with
her
over
the
plan.
Die
of
因……病、饥饿等而死
The
man
died
of
cancer.
Die
from
因……伤、意外等而死
The
died
man
died
from
a
serious
wound.
Die
for
为……而死
He
died
for
the
people.
devote
to把……用于
she
devoted
all
her
money
to
huvine
books.
enged
in
从事，忙于
He
is
engaged
in
writing
new
book.
End
with以……结束
The
party
ended
with
dancing.
fail
in在……失败
She
failed
in
winning
the
game.
find
out查明
He
has
not
found
out
the
trouble
yet.
give
up
放弃
Never
give
up
hope.
give
over克服，渡过
You’ll
soon
get
over
your
shyness.
Get
on(／off)
上车(／下车)
She
got
on
the
bus
at
Gulou
Square.
Get
on进展
He
is
getting
on
well
in
the
work.
Get
ready
for准备好
He
has
got
ready
for
the
journey.
Get
in
收进
The
peasants
got
in
the
wheat
in
May.
grow
up
长大，发展
The
children
have
already
grown
up.
give
in
投降(让步)
They
gave
in
at
last.
Get
up
起床
She
gets
up
early
every
morning.
Go
on
继续
The
meeting
went
on
deep
into
the
night.
go
all
out
竭尽全力
They
went
all
out
to
build
the
airport.
So
through通过；细察
She
went
through
the
book
before
buying
it.
go
over复习，看一遍
She
went
over
the
lessons
for
three
times.
go
down
(日，月)落下，下沉
The
moon
has
gone
down.
go
without
放弃，没有也行
He
had
to
go
without
food.
Hand
in交进来
They
handed
in
their
papeps.
Have
nothing
to
do
with
与……无关
He
has
nothing
to
do
with
the
matter.
Have
some
thing
to
do
with
与……无关
Does
she
have
anything
to
do
with
the
case
Head
for
朝……去
The
ship
is
heading
for
the
nearest
port.
Help
with
帮助
He
helped
her
with
her
English.
Help...in在……帮助
He
helped
her
in
study
in
English.
Hope
for
希望(得到)
She
hoped
for
Mary
to
come.
introduce．．．to．．．介绍
She
introduced
me
to
her
father.
inspire．．．with．．．以……激发
He
inspired
them
with
courage.
insist
on坚持
She
insisted
on
doing
it
that
way.
interfere
with(in)
妨碍；干涉
Don’t
interfere
With
his
work.
join
in
参加(活动)
she
also
joined
in
the
dancing.
join
sb.
in
加入某人从事
He
joined
us
in
watering
the
tees.
keep
on
继续
She
kept
on
making
experinents.
Knock
at敲(门等)
Someone
is
knocking
at
the
door.
loog
for渴望
I’m
longing
for
a
letter
from
him.
look
up查寻；向上看
He
is
looking
up
a
new
word
in
the
dictionary.
look
upon．．．as把……看作
Do
you
look
upon
him
as
a
good
friend
learn．．．by
heart
背会
She
has
learnt
it
by
heart.
Leave
for动身去
He
is
leaving
for
Nanjing
next
week.
look
for寻找
The
police
are
looking
for
the
lost
car.
Lie
in
位于
The
town
lies
in
the
hills.
live
on
靠……生活，以……为主食
Sheep
live
on
grass.
laugh
at
对……笑，嘲笑
Don’t
laugh
at
others.
look
throut
翻阅；浏览
The
boy
looked
through
the
picture
book.
Mix．．．with
同……混合
Oil
and
water
can’t
mix
with
each
other.
meetwith
遇到
She
met
with
some
difficulties.
make
up
one’s
mind
决定
He
has
made
up
his
mind
what
to
say.
Owe
to
归功于
He
owed
all
his
success
to
his
parents.
Operate
on为……手术
He
operated
on
the
wounded
soldier.
Put．．．into
把……放入
She
put
the
book
into
the
bag.
play
with
玩
The
boy
played
with
a
toy
tank.
Put
up
举起
They
put
up
their
hands.
Put
up挂起
She
put
up
a
picture
on
the
wall.
Put
off
推达
The
match
is
put
off
owing
to
the
rain.
Point
out
指出
The
teacher
pointed
out
his
mistakes.
preside
over
主持(会议)
Who
is
to
preside
over
the
meeting
present...with
赠送
He
presented
her
with
a
gold
watch.
Put．．．across
使理解(相信)
She
didn’t
put
the
meaning
across
very
well.
Prevent．．．from
阻止
The
snow
prevented
him
from
coming.
persist
in
坚持
He
persisted
in
doing
that.
Put...into
practice实施
We
shall
put
the
plan
into
practice.
quarrel
over
为……争吵
They
quarrelled
over
the
property.
quarrel
with
同……争吵
She
quanelled
with
her
mother.
Reply
to
答复
He
hasn’t
replied
to
me
yet.
recover
from
恢复
She
has
recovered
from
her
illness.
Rely
on
依靠
He
relied
on
his
daughter
in
the
past.
refrain
from
设法不，忍住
Please
refrain
from
smoking.
Rob...of...抢走
The
pain
robbed
him
of
sleep.
Run
over
辗过去
The
bus
run
over
his
legs.
result
from
由……引起
His
illness
results
from
overeating.
result
in
导致
Overeating
results
in
his
illness.
Remember
sb.to代问好
Please
remember
me
to
your
mother.
Set
about
着手干
They
set
about
the
work
at
once.
Set
out
出发
They
set
out
at
dawn.
succeed
in
成功
He
succeeded
in
passing
the
exam.
Speak
off
说到
She
once
spoke
of
the
book
to
me.
Supply...with提供
They
supplied
the
soldiers
with
weapons.
share
in分担(享)
He
shared
in
her
joys
and
sorrows.
share
sth
with
sb
与某人共同使用
She
shared
a
room
with
others.
settle
in安顿下来
He
settled
in
a
small
town.
See
through
看透
I
have
already
seen
through
the
man.
See
to
it
保证
See
to
it
that
the
work
is
done
well.
send
for
派人请
We
have
sent
for
the
doctor.
Stand
by
支持
We’ll
stand
by
you
in
your
hour
of
need.
Stand
of
代表
What
does
“U.S,”
stand
far
spend．．．on花费
She
spent
a
lot
of
money
on
books.
show
around
带…参观
He
showed
the
guests
around
the
city.
talk
about
谈论
what
are
you
taking
about
over
渡过
lie
has
tided
over
his
illness.
turn
against
背叛
She
will
never
turn
against
her
country.
turn
into
变成
Water
can
turn
into
gas.
turn
to
翻到，转向
Please
turn
to
page
10.
think
of
想念
We
think
of
you
all
the
time.
think
about(of)
考虑
They
are
thinking
about
buying
it.
turn
on
打开
Please
turn
on
the
radio.
turn
off
关掉
Please
turn
off
the
lights
in
the
room.
tell．．．from
区分
I
can’t
tell
her
from
her
sister.
take
off
脱去
She
asked
him
to
take
off
the
cost.
turn
out
关掉
He
forgot
to
turn
out
the
gas.
turn
out
生产
The
factory
turns
ont
100
cars
per
day.
turn
round
绕着…转
The
earth
turns
round
the
sun.
turn
up
出现
He
didn’t
turn
up
until
eleven
o’clock.
to
begin
with
首先
To
begin
with,we
are
short
of
money.
wait
for
等待
We
shall
wait
for
you
at
the
school
gate.
watch
out
for提防
We
should
watch
out
for
the
enemy.
write
to给……写信
He
wrote
to
me
last
week.
wake
up
醒来
She
usually
wakes
up
at
five.
wipe
out
消灭
The
enemy
troops
have
been
wiped
out.
watch
over
照看
The
old
should
watch
over
the
young.
二、过去分词
+
介词
（这类短语常同连系动词连用）
短
语
例句
be
absorbed
in全神贯注于
he
is
absorbed
in
reading.
be
brudened
with负重
he
is
burdened
with
a
heavy
load.
be
connected
with同……有关，同……有联系
He
is
no
longer
connected
with
the
company.
be
covered
with覆盖
The
road
is
covered
with
snow.
be
crowded
with
挤满
She
is
dressed
in
red.
be
dressed
in穿着
She
is
dressed
in
red.
be
engaged
to与……订婚
Mary
is
engaged
to
John.
be
equipped
with
装备
He
is
experienced
in
mending
bikes.
be
experienced
in对……有经验
He
is
experienced
in
mending
bikes.
be
filled
with
填满
The
hole
is
filled
with
ants.
be
furnished
with
提供，布置
They
are
furnished
with
enough
food.
be
interested
in对……有兴趣
He
is
interested
in
the
picture.
be
joined
to连接，结合
One
pipe
is
joined
to
another.
be
known
as因……而知名
He
is
known
as
a
painter..
be
known
for因……而出名
The
hill
is
known
for
the
temple
be
looked
on
as作为…看待
He
is
looked
on
as
their
leader.
be
made
into被制成，使成为
The
boy
was
made
into
an
artist.
be
made
up
of由……构成
A
car
is
made
up
of
many
different
parts.
be
married
to与……结婚
She
is
married
to
a
musician.
be
pleased
with对……喜欢，满意
He
is
pleased
with
the
work.
be
prepared
for准备好
They
are
prepared
for
the
journey.
be
regarded
as被认为
He
is
regarded
as
the
greatest
poet.
be
satisfied
with对……满意
I
am
satisfied
with
your
answer.
be
ashamed
of对……感到羞愧
She
is
ashamed
of
her
action.
be
tired
of(sth)对……厌烦
He
is
tired
of
this
kind
of
life.
be
terrified
at被……吓一跳
He
is
rerrified
at
the
snake.
三、动词
+
名词
+介词
短语
例句
apply
one’s
mind
to专心于
He
applied
his
mind
to
study.
catch
sight
of瞧见，看见
I
caught
sight
of
her
just
now.
catch(take)hold
of抓住
He
caught
hold
of
the
girl
by
the
hand.
devote
oneself
to献身于，专心于
She
devotes
herself
to
eaching.
devote
one’s
life
to为……献身
He
devotes
his
life
to
the
research.
do(great)harm
to对……危害(大)
The
rain
has
done
great
harm
to
the
crops.
do(great)wrong
to冤枉，委屈
Don’t
do
wrong
to
an
innocent
person.
feel
pity
for对……感到怜悯
He
felt
pity
for
the
poor
girl.
Fix
one’s
eyes
on
凝视
He
fixed
his
eyes
on
the
girl.
form
the
habit
of
养成……的习惯
He
has
formed
the
habit
of
getting
up
early.
Get
a
good
hold
of
抓牢
He
got
a
good
hold
of
the
rope.
Get
in
touch
with
同……取得联系
I
got
in
touch
with
her
by
phone.
Get
ird
of
除去，摆脱
She
has
got
rid
of
the
had
abit.
give
dvice
on提出……建议
He
gave
advice
on
city
planning.
have
none
of不允许，不接受
He
will
have
none
of
your
empty
promise.
have
trust
in
相信
She
had
trust
in
him.
have
(no)
difficulty
in
(没)有困难
He
has
difficultjy
in
doing
the
work
.
have
a
word
with同……谈话
I
want
to
have
a
word
with
you.
have
trouble
in
在……有麻烦
She
had
trouble
in
the
matter.
have
a
look
at
看一下
Let
me
have
a
good
at
it.
have
words
with
同……口角(争吵)
He
had
words
with
his
wife.
have
(show)
interest
in
对……有兴趣
He
has
great
intertst
in
this
kind
of
film.
have(deep)effect
on
对……有(深远)影响
The
book
has
great
effect
on
his
life.
have
mercy
on
同情，怜悯
He
has
no
mercy
on
the
poor
old
man.
have(take)pity
on
同情
He
has
great
pity
on
the
sick
boy.
have
the
honour
of有幸……
he
has
the
honour
of
meeting
her
there.
help
oneself
to请吃；自用
Please
help
yourself
to
some
fruit.
keep
a
record
of记录
She
kept
a
record
of
her
daily
life.
make
friends
with
同……交朋友
He
made
fridnds
with
a
foreign
girl.
make
fun
of取笑
Don’t
make
fun
of
him.
make(the)best
use
of
充分利用
They
make
the
best
use
of
the
money.
make(good，full)use
of
(很好，充分)利用
You
shold
make
good
use
of
your
time.
make
an
apology
to向……道歉
He
made
an
apology
to
her.
make
one’s
way
to走向
He
made
his
way
to
the
house.
make
preparations
for
准备
She
is
making
preparations
for
the
holiday.
make
a
dive
for
猛冲
The
dog
make
a
dive
for
the
bone.
make
a
mistake
about为……产生误会
Don’t
made
a
mistake
about
her.
make
a
study
of
研究，学习
I
shall
make
a
study
of
the
plan.
Pay
attention
to
注意
He
paid
much
attention
to
her
life.
pass
a
judgement
on判决……
The
court
passed
a
judgement
on
the
case.
Put
one’s
heart
and
soul
into全神贯注于
She
put
her
heart
and
sould
into
the
work.
Set
fire
to放火、点火
They
set
fire
to
the
home.
Show
respect
for
尊敬
They
show
respect
for
the
old.
show
mercy
ot
同情
Never
show
mercy
to
the
enemy.
Say
good-bey
to
向……道别
They
said
good-bey
to
each
other.
Say
hello
to
打招呼
He
said
hello
to
the
students.
Set
an
example
to树立榜样
He
set
an
example
to
the
young.
shake
hands
with握手
They
shook
hands
with
each
other.
take
aim
at
瞄准
He
took
careful
aim
at
the
other.
take
the
side
of
支持，站在一边
They
took
the
side
on
the
government.
throw
light
on
阐明，使人明白
His
explanation
threw
light
on
the
poem.
take
pride
in
因……而自豪
She
took
pride
in
her
success.
take
part
in
参加
They
took
an
active
part
in
sports.
take
delight
in
以……为乐
He
tood
great
delight
in
travel.
take
a
message
for捎个口信
Please
take
a
message
for
her.
四、动词
+
副词
+
介词
短语
例句
Add
up
to
总计为
The
income
adds
up
to
1000
dollars.
break
away
from
改掉，与……脱离关系
he
has
broken
away
from
the
bad
habit.
be
up
to应由……，轮到……
It
is
up
to
her
to
answer
the
question.
Cut
down
on
削减
He
has
cut
down
on
expese.
catch
up
with
赶上
I
can
catchup
with
them.
beat
down
on
直射
The
sun
beats
down
on
the
earth.
come
up
to达到(标准)比得上
The
result
didn’t
come
up
to
our
expectations.
Com
up
against
遭到(反对、困难)
The
plan
came
up
with
them.
do
well
in在……做得好
He
does
well
in
the
work.
drop
in
on
顺便来访
He
drops
in
on
us
sometimes.
do
away
with
废除
They
have
done
away
with
the
old
law.
face
up
to面对，承担
We
must
face
up
to
the
fact.
Fit
in
with
适合，符合
The
clothes
fit
in
with
her.
fall
back
on
依靠
He
has
a
good
friend
to
fall
back
on.
Get
through
with
完成，花光
They
have
got
through
with
the
work.
Get
down
to
开始认真做
Let’s
get
down
to
business.
Get
on(along)with
进展，相处
He
got
on
well
with
people
here.
Get
out
of
从……出来，摆脱
He
got
out
of
debt.
go
on
with
继续
They
went
on
with
the
meeting.
go
ahead
of
先行
He
went
ahead
of
them.
go
back
of
背信，背弃
He
went
back
on
his
promise.
Got
out
of从……出来
A
rabbit
went
out
of
the
hole.
go
in
for参加，爱好
He
has
gone
in
for
the
long
jump.
grow
out
of
产生自
The
tall
tree
grows
out
of
a
small
seed.
go
ahead
with进行，继续下去
He
went
ahead
with
the
work
and
got
it
done.
keep
up
with
跟上
She
can’t
keep
up
with
others.
live
up
to
不辜负
We
shall
live
up
to
his
teachings.
look
out
for
提防，照看
Look
out
for
cars
when
crossing
the
street.
look
up
to尊敬，仰望
They
all
looked
up
to
him
as
their
leader.
look
back
upon
回顾
He
likes
to
look
back
upon
his
school
days.
look
down
upon不轻视，重视
Don’t
look
down
upon
him.
look
forward
to
盼望
Don’t
look
down
upon
him.
Put
up
with
忍受，容忍
I
just
can’t
put
up
with
that
kind
of
man.
Run
up
against
遇到
We
often
run
up
against
new
words.
Ran
out
of
用完
I
have
run
out
of
ink.
think
higlly
of
高度评价
They
think
highly
of
his
new
novel.
watch
out
for
当心，提防
Watch
out
for
thieves
in
the
street.
work
hard
at
努力于
He
works
hard
at
his
lessons.
五、动词
+
介词
短语
例句
arrive
at
a
conclnsion得出结论
They
arrived
at
a
conclusion
at
last.
burst
into
pieces
成为碎片
The
glass
has
burst
into
pieces.
burst
into
tears
突然大哭
She
burst
into
tears
at
the
news.
burst
into
laughter突然大笑
The
girls
burst
into
laughter.
come
to
sb’s
help
(aid)前来援助某人
Some
boys
came
to
her
help.
come
to
the
rescue前来营救
The
firemen
came
to
the
rescue.
come
into
use开始使用，实施
The
new
tool
come
into
use
two
years
ago.
come
into
power当权，执政
The
king
came
into
power
last
year.
come
into
effect开始生效
The
new
rule
will
come
into
effect
soon.
come
into
being产生，建立
The
custom
came
into
being
long
long
ago.
come
into
light发亮
The
star
came
into
light
at
dawn.
come
to
conclusion得出结论
They
will
come
to
a
conclusion.
do
up
one’s
hair梳理头发
She
is
doing
up
her
hair.
Fly
into
a
temper耍脾气
He
flew
into
a
tempr
at
her
words.
Get
into
trouble陷入麻烦
He
has
got
into
trouble
in
business.
Get
in
a
word插话
Don’t
get
in
a
word.
help
sb.
to
one’s
feet帮助某人站起来
They
helped
her
to
her
feet.
make
up
one’s
mind下决心
He
has
made
up
his
mind
to
do
it.
play
away
one’s
time虚度光阴
The
man
played
away
his
time.
plunge
into
sorrow使陷入悲伤
He
was
plunged
into
deelp
sorrow.
Put
sth.
to
use使用，利用
You
should
put
the
dictionary
to
a
good
use.
Set
to
work开始工作
They
set
to
work
after
a
rest.
take
on
a
new
look呈现新面貌
The
town
has
taken
on
a
new
look.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
1.动词及动词短语几乎年年必考，所涉及到的动词知识都是常用，的常见的。
2.平时要进行大量的阅读，在阅读中去理解动语短语
get,come,look
put,turn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),take,send
set,carry,call,have,care,pay,hold,keep,think,hear,make,give,hend,deal,ask等。
1.
The
TV
Dwelling
Nar
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rowness(《蜗居》)is
really
fantastic.The
show
has
succeeded
in
(get
across)
much
to
the
audience，which
has
contributed
to
its
success.
答案 getting
across
2.Considering
his
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )alth，I
advise
him
to
(set
aside)
an
hour
or
two
each
day
to
work
out.
解析 句意：考虑到他的健康，我建议他每天抽出一到两个小时进行锻炼。set
aside留出，拨出。
答案 set
aside
3.
Mary
often
does
som
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
translation
work
to
earn
extra
money，which
(accout
for)
half
of
her
income.
解析 句意：玛丽经常做些翻译工作来赚取外快
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，这占了她收入的一半。account
for是……的原因；解释，说明；(在数量上、比例上)占。21世纪教育网
答案 accounts
for
4.
“Judging
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
voice,
and
not
the
appearance”
makes
the
show—The
Voice
of
China
(stand
out)
from
the
numerous
other
reality
shows
in
China.
解析 stand
out意思“引人注目”。句意：“判断声音而不是外貌”使得《中国好声音》在中国众多真人秀节目中引人注目。
答案 stand
out
5.
I
don't
know
why
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
(break
off)
in
the
middle
of
a
sentence.
解析 broke
off
中断，突然停止。句意：我不知道他为什么话只说了一半就停止。
答案 broke
off
6.He
was
about
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do
his
homework
when
an
unusual
noise
(arrest)
his
attention.
答案 arrested
7.It
is
bad
manners
to
(拒绝)
an
invitation
without
a
reason.
解析 句意：无故拒绝邀请是不礼貌的。turn
down拒绝。
答案 turn
down
8.
Fully
(absorb
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))
in
preparing
for
the
coming
exam，she
no
longer
has
time
to
enjoy
the
various
activities
in
her
neighborhood.
解析 句意：她完全聚精会神地准备即将到来的考试，所以她没有时间在社区参加各种各样的活动。absorbed聚精会神。
答案 absorbed
9.He
was
driving
home
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on
the
highway
last
night
when
a
policeman
stopped
him
and
(accuse)
him
of
speeding.
解析 句意：昨晚，他在公路上开车回家，这时一个警察让他停下，指控他超速驾驶。accuse
of是固定用法，意思是指控。
答案 accused
10.
That
hero
who
die
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
in
the
war
was
so
brave
that
he
never
(give
in)
to
the
enemies
until
death.
解析 句意：在那场战争中牺牲的那个英雄是如此勇敢，至死他都没向敌人屈服。give
in屈服。
答案 gave
in1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，61)But
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for
tourists
like
me，pandas
are
its
top
________(attract)．
【答案】attraction
【解析】句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。21世纪教育网
2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，69)The
n
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ursery
team
switches
him
every
few
________(day)with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle fed...
【答案】days
3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，42)Then，handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you'll
feel
a
real
sense
of
________(achieve)．
【答案】achievement
【解析】句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。
4．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，46)Recen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
________(study)show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
short
breaks
regularly．
【答案】studies
【解析】句意：最近的研究显
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为show，说明主语应用名词复数studies。
5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，68)Som
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
people
think
that
the
great
Chinese
scholar
Confucius，who
lived
from
roughly
551
to
479
B．C.，influenced
the
________
(develop)of
chopsticks.
【答案】development
【解析】句意：一些人认为大约生活于
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。根据空格前面的the可知，所填词应用名词形式。
6．(2016·四川，65)Any
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
smell
might
attract
natural
________(enemy)that
would
try
to
eat
the
little
panda.
【答案】enemies
【解析】句意：任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。根据常识可知，此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”，故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。
7．(2016·浙江，4)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )It
is
important
to
pay
your
electricity
bill
on
time，as
late
________(pay)may
affect
your
credit.
【答案】payments
【解析】句意：准时付电费
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )很重要，因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。前面有形容词late修饰，此处应用名词形式，payment可用作可数名词，所以用复数形式。
8．(2016·浙江，8)We
can
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
achieve
a
lot
when
we
learn
to
let
our
_______
_(different)unite，rather
than
divide
us.
【答案】differences
【解析】句意：当我们学会“求同存异”，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )而不是“分崩离析”的时候，我们就能获得很多。物主代词our后面接名词，这里是指“我们的差异”，所以用复数形式。
9．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，70)T
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
days
with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle fed，________
other
is
with
mum—she
never
suspects.
【答案】the
10．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，48)Give
your
body
and
brain
a
rest
by
stepping
outside
for
________
while，exercising，or
doing
something
you
enjoy.
【答案】a
【解析】句意：你可以先出去一会儿，通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for
a
while意为“一会儿”。
易错起源1
望词生义
例1．
We
most
prefer
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
say
yes
to
the________of
someone
we
know
and
like.(attempts,
requests,
doubts,
promises)
答案：requests 解析：本题结
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )合名词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：我们大都更愿意答应我们所了解和喜欢人的________。attempt尝试；request要求，请求；doubt怀疑；promise保证，允诺。由语境可知，只能是对别人的请求(requests)说yes，即：答应对方的请求。
【名师点睛】
同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。如近几年高考中常出现的：
(1)expectation(期望)；reputation(声誉)；contribution(贡献)；civilization(文明)
(2)accommodation(住宿
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))；occupation(职业)；adaptation(适应，改编)；appreciation(欣赏)
易错起源2
误用冠词
例2、I
can't
tell
you
_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______
way
to
the
Wilsons'
because
we
don't
have
________
Wilson
here
in
the
village.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【名师点睛】
1．用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。
Knowledge
begins
with
practice.
知识从实践开始。
Teachers
should
be
respected.
教师应该受到尊重。
2．东、西方都有的节日名称前
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不用冠词，如：New
Year's
Day,
Christmas,
National
Day,
Army
Day等；但中国的节日一般用定冠词，如：the
Spring
Festival,
the
Mid Autumn
Festival等。
3．月份、日期前一般不用冠词，如：in
October,
on
March
8等。
4．三餐名词前不用冠词，如：have
breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词，如：have
a
big
breakfast，have
a
wonderful
lunch等。
5．表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词，如：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )play
football/cards/chess等；但乐器名词前需加定冠词，如：play
the
violin/the
piano等。
6．用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。
John
is
captain
of
the
team.
约翰是这个队的队长。
They
elected
him
president
of
the
society.
他们选他为协会会长。
7．用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。
He
was
a
teacher
before
he
turned
writer.
他成为作家之前是教师。
8．用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前。
Child
as
he
is
(＝Although
he
is
a
child),
he
knows
a
lot.
他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。
9．用于某些用介词by构成的表方式的短语中。
by
bus
乘公共汽车
by
plane/by
air
乘飞机
by
land
走陆路
by
sea
走海路
by
phone
用电话
by
letter
用信件
by
post
用邮寄
by
hand
用手工
10．用于某些独立主格结构中。
The
teacher
came
in,
book
in
hand
(＝with
a
book
in
his
hand)．
老师走了进来，手里拿着书。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
冠词运用一定要注意语境。
易错起源3
序数词、比较级、最高级前误用定冠词
例3．His
English
is
_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______
second
to
none.
And
he
is
going
to
learn
________
second
language
in
________
second
grade.
A．/；a；the
B．the；the；a
C．/；the；a
D．a；the；the
【答案】A
【名师点睛】
1．泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
A
teacher
shouldn't
talk
like
that.
教师不应当那样讲话。
2．用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。用于形容词最高级前意为“很，非常”。
We'll
have
to
do
it
a
second
time.
我们得再做一次。
He
is
a
most
wise
man.
他是一个十分明智的人。
3．用于具体化了的抽象名词前。
He
was
a
success
in
business.
他是事业成功人士。
4．在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”。
A
Mr.
Smith
wants
to
see
you.
一位史密斯先生想见你。
5．用于of短语中表示“同一”(＝the
same)。
Tom
and
Kate
are
of
an
age.
汤姆与凯特同岁。
易错起源4
名词固定搭配
例4．The
smallest
good
habits
can
make
a
big
________.
【名师点睛】
高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词”。如：have
a
good
reputation，take
advantage
of和in
great
demand,
in
quantity.
在处理此类题目时，一要读懂句子的题干意义，二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用。
易错起源5
名词的一词多义与熟词新义
例5、—Why
do
you
choose
to
work
in
an
international
travel
agency
—Well,
you
know,
Engli
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sh
is
my
________.
So
it
is
my
best
choice.(strength,
talent,
ability,
skill)
答案：strength 解析：考查名
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词词义辨析。句意：“你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？”“噢，你知道，英语是我的强项，因此这是我的最佳选择。”strength“强项；长处”；talent“天资；才能”；ability“能力；力量”；skill“技能；擅长”。题中strength的常见词义为“力气”，但此处表示“长处，优势”。
【名师点睛】
名词的一词多义与熟词新义是考查的重点和
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )难点，因此在复习过程中，要注意学会在语境中掌握同义词的细微差别，全面掌握词汇的多层含义。如interest既要知道它有“兴趣，趣味”的意思，又要知道它的另一层意思：“利益；好处”。
1．In
the
centre
of
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
main
road
into
the
town，he
placed
______
very
large
stone.
【答案】a 【解析】句意：他在进城
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的主干道中间放了一块很大的石头。在此stone作可数名词，意为“一块石头”，前面需要用不定冠词a。21世纪教育网
2．ike
many
popular
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
restaurants
in
Paris，________(reserve)are
hard
to
get
at
Dave，so
I
wasn't
surprised
to
find
a
complete
sign
hanging
over
the
red
door.
【答案】reservations
【解析】句意：就像巴黎许多受欢迎的餐馆
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一样，在Dave也很难预订，因此当我看见红色的门上挂着客人已满的招牌时并不惊讶。根据括号中的提示词及后面的谓语动词are可知，主语为名词复数形式，故填reservations。
3．He
pushed
and
pulled
with
all
his
________(strong)to
move
it.
【答案】strength
4．He
asked
________(permit)to
introduce
his
friend，whose
name
was
Mr
Wickham，and
who
had
apparently
arrived
recently
from
London.
【答案】permission
【解析】句意：他请求允许介
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )绍他的朋友，他的朋友威克姆先生，显然是最近从伦敦来的。根据句子结构可知，此处动词ask后面须用名词，故填permission。
5．Experts
hope
the
wh
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ole
society
pay
more
attention
to
the
mental
health
of
________(adolescent)．
【答案】adolescents
【解析】句意：专家们希望全社会都来关心青少年的心理健康。根据句意可知，此处泛指“青少年”，用复数表示泛指，故填adolescents。
6．Girls
are
luckier
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an
boys；they
have
more
flexible
________(choose)than
boys.
【答案】choices
【解析】句意：女孩比男孩要幸运些，她们比男孩
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有更灵活的选择。前面flexible是形容词，后面须接名词；choice此处应为可数名词，意味着多种选择，故填choices。
7．I
have
a
str
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ong
________(believe)that
one
day
Chinese
students
can
buy
these
tickets，too.
【答案】belief
【解析】句意：我坚信有朝一日中国学生也会购买这些票。空白处前面有a
strong修饰，说明空白处须填可数名词单数。
8．So
I
asked
her
why
she
sat
there
in
________(silent)．
【答案】silence
9．About
20
perce
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt
of
________(baby)feel
nervous
when
they
see
strangers.
【答案】babies
【解析】句意：约百分之二十的婴儿见到陌生人会感到紧张。baby是可数名词，前面有百分数修饰，故用复数形式。
10．There
was
never
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )time
when
I
had
not
called
him
and
he
did
not
call
me
right
back
within
a
couple
of
________(hour)．
【答案】hours
【解析】句意：当我给他打电话，如果他没接的话，他都会在几小时内回电话。可数名词hour前有a
couple
of修饰，故用复数形式。1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，6
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )3)The
title
will
be
________(official)given
to
me
at
a
ceremony
in
London.
1．officially 句意：这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地被授予我。修饰动词应用副词形式。
2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，41
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))If
you
feel
stressed
by
responsibilities
at
work，you
should
take
a
step
back
and
identify(识别)those
of
________(great)and
less
importance.
3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，47)Recent
studies
show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
short
breaks
________(regular)．
3．regularly 句意：近期的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )研究表明，如果有规律地短暂休息，我们的工作效率会更高。形容词通常在句中作定语或表语。此处修饰动词短语take
short
breaks，需用副词。
4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，66)F
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ood
in
small
pieces
could
be
eaten
easily
with
twigs
which
________(gradual)turned
into
chopsticks.
4．gradually 句意：小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到，这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。
5．(2016·四川，62)Chinese
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
scientists
________(recent)had
a
chance
to
study
a
wild
female
panda
with
a
newborn
baby.
5．recently 句意：最近，中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生的熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。在句中作状语应用副词形式。
6．(2016·四川，63)She
was
a
very
________(care)mother.
6．caring/careful
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意：她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的，关心他人的”和careful“细心的”均符合语境。
7．(2016·浙江，6)That
y
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oung
man
is
honest，cooperative，always
there
when
you
need
his
help.In
short，he's
________(rely)．
7．reliable 句意：那个
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )年轻人很诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总会在那里。简而言之，他可以信赖。be
动词后面要接形容词作表语。
8．(2016·浙江，18)I
ha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve
always
enjoyed
all
the
events
you
organized
and
I
hope
to
attend
________(many)in
the
coming
years.
8．more 句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动，并且希望未来的几年里参加更多的活动。此处暗含比较意义，故用比较级形式。21世纪教育网
9.(2015·江苏，31
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))The
police
officers
decided
to
conduct
a
thorough
and
(comprehension)review
of
the
case.
解析 句意：警方决定对该案件进行彻底和全面的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )审查。作名词review的定语要用其形容词形式。comprehensive
综合的，广泛的。
答案 comprehensive
10.(2015·浙江，14)List
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ening
is
thus
an
active,
not
a
(passively),
behavior
consisting
of
hearing,
understanding
and
remembering.
解析 句意：听是一种积极的，而不是消极的行
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为，它涉及听、理解和记忆。与前面的形容词active对应，也要用形容词形式，一起作名词behavior的定语。passive被动的，消极的。
答案 passive
易错起源1、形容词、副词的位置以及易混淆的形容词的用法
例1．
students
are
required
to
take
part
in
the
boat
race.
A.
Ten
strong
young
Chinese
B.
Ten
Chinese
strong
young
C.
Chinese
ten
young
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )trong
D.
Young
strong
ten
Chinese
【错误解答】
B
【正确解答】
A
【名师点睛】
1.英语中某些副词短语的意义和用法很重
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要。
这类短语常见的还有:
more
than，
no
more
than，
too
much，
much
too，
by
far，
more
than，
more…
than，
no
less
than，
not
less
than
等，在平常练习中要加以注意。
2.意义相近的形容词和副
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词的用法要加以注意:
hard，
hardly;
deep，
deeply;
high，
highly;
dead，
deadly;
most，
mostly;
fair，
fairly;
quite，
fairly，
rather;
almost，
nearly;
such
等。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
多个形容词同时一个名词时，多用下列顺序
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ):性质+大小+形状+新旧+颜色，有时也要看与名词的密切关系，越密切越靠近名词。多个词同时作前置定语时的一般排列规律是:代词性定语+冠词／指／物主／所有格+数词(先序后基)+形容词+国籍／材料／用途形容词或名词或动名词+被修饰的名词。例如:a
charming
small
round
old
brown
French
oak
writing
table.
易错起源2、形容词、副词的比较级结构；形容词、副词前面使用冠词的情况以及倍数的表达方法
例2．
David
has
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )won
the
first
prize
in
singing;
he
is
still
very
excited
now
and
feels
__
desire
to
go
to
bed.
A.
the
most
B.
more
C.
worse
D.
the
least
【错误解答】
A或C
【正确解答】
D
【名师点睛】
1.形容词和副词比较级和
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最高级前的冠词用法:形容词最高级前须加the，副词最高级前都可以。做表语的形容词前如果没有比较范围和比较对象也可省去the，比较级在特指意义时须加the，泛指时可数单数须加a／an.Most
+
原级形容词的结构中，前面用不定冠词a，an或无冠词时，并非是最高级意思，most意思为“very(非常)”。
2.形容词比较级的倍数表
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )达方式:比较级修饰词+
as
+
adj.／adV.十as和比较级修饰词+
as
+
many／much+
n.+
as.在“as...as”结构中，第一个as是副词，修饰形容词或副词，强调程度。当某些副词如so,as,too,how等用来修饰名词前的形容词时；不定冠词放在该形容词之后，名词之前。后一个as引导比较状语从句。表示倍数的三个句
型是:
(1)…
times
as
+
形容词原级
+
as…例如:
This
table
is
three
times
as
big
as
that
one.
(2)…
times
+性质名词
+
of
…
例如:
This
table
is
three
times
bigger
than
that
one.
3.比较级前可以用
even,
still
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),a
bit
/little,much,
a
lot,
far,
by
far,
no,
any等修饰，表示程度。最高级前可以有序数词，by
far,
nearly,
almost,
by
no
means,
not
really
,not
quite,
nothing
like等来修饰。例如:
—Is
your
father
any
better
你父亲好些了吗？
—Yes,much
better.是的，好多了。
I’d
like
to
buy
the
second
most
expensive
laptop.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
形容词副词比较的对象应该相同但不能相互包容。常用以下结构形式:
比较级
+
than
+any
oth
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
+
单数名词；比较级
+
than
+
anyone
else；比较级+
than
+any
of
the
other
+复数名词。
例如:
China
is
larger
than
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny
other
country
in
Asia
/all
the
other
countries
in
Asia.
The
weather
here
is
colder
than
that
of
Huanggang.
The
computers
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
made
in
our
factory
are
better
than
those
in
your
factory,
1.
This
prove
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rb
is
saying
we
have
to
let
things
go
in
their
(nature)
course.
答案 natural
2.
That
would
be
a
ver
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
(reason)
thing
to
do
in
a
big
city，but
it
could
destroy
a
small
village
like
ours.
解析 考查形容词。此处为a/an＋形容词＋单数名词，修饰名词thing当然要用形容词形式。
答案 reasonable
3.
He
was
a
billionai
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
by
the
time
he
was
31
years
old.
，there
are
still
some
other
people
who
have
made
lots
of
money
at
even
younger
ages.
解析 考查副词。他31岁成了亿万富翁，但有些人年龄更小时就发了财。however然而，要用逗号与主句隔开。
答案 However
4.
And
the
passengers
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
(sudden)
became
friendly
to
one
another.
解析 考查副词。此处是修饰动词became，所以应该用副词做状语。
答案 suddenly
5.
Finally，that
hard
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )work
paid
off
and
now
the
water
in
the
river
is
(clean)
than
ever.
解析 考查形容词的比较级。现在河里的水比以前更干净了。根据后面的比较连词than可知这里应该用比较级cleaner。
答案 cleaner
6.
That's
(absolute)
unbelievable.
答案 absolutely
7.
I
worked
(hard)
at
my
study
than
most
of
my
classmates.
解析 考查形容词。根据后面的
than可知要用比较级。
答案 harder
8.
Oh，they
don't
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave
dreams.But
I
have
made
my
mind
to
achieve
my
dream.
解析 考查副词。make
up
one's
mind
to
do...下定决心做某事。
答案 up
9.
I
still
feel
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
all
children
are
the
(great)
joy
I
could
ever
have.
解析 考查形容词。我依然认为孩子们是我最大的快乐。根据后面的ever可知要用最高级。
答案 greatest
10.
It
was
my
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
first
time
to
go
to
the
market，and
I
was
(deep)
impressed
by
what
I
saw
in
the
market.
解析 考查副词。……我对市场上的所见所闻留下了深刻的印象。修饰动词impress要用副词形式。
答案 deeply
21世纪教育网1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，68)On
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
my
recent
visit，I
held
a
lively
three month old
twin
that
had
been
rejected
by
________(it)mother.
2．(2016·四川，68)By
that
time，the
panda
no
longer
needed
________(it)mother
for
food.
答案
its 解析
句意：到那时，这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。
3．(2016·浙江，3
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))In
many
ways，the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from
________
in
the
UK.
答案that 解析
句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词education
system，所以用that。
4.(2015·浙江，12)How
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )would
you
like
if
you
were
watching
your
favorite
TV
program
and
someone
came
into
the
room
and
just
shut
it
off
without
asking
you
解析 句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想。固定表达how
would
you
like
it
if...，在此结构中it代替后面if句的内容。
答案 it
5.(2015·重庆，2)The
mee
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ting
will
be
held
in
September,
but
knows
the
date
for
sure.
解析 句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody没有人，符合句意。21世纪教育网
答案 nobody
6.(2015·陕西，13)To
wa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rm
himself，the
sailor
sat
in
front
of
the
fire
rubbing
one
bare
foot
against
the
.
解析 句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个，另一个，用one...the
other...。
答案 other
7.(2015·四川，10)N
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iki
is
always
full
of
ideas，but
is
useful
to
my
knowledge.
解析 句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否定以上用none，可指人也可指物。
答案 none
8.(2015·天津，
2)The
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
quality
of
education
in
this
small
school
is
better
than
in
some
larger
schools.
解析 句意：这所规模较小的学
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时，指代前面的quality
of
education要用that，为了避免重复，可以代替前面提到的不可数名词。
答案 that
9.(2015·福建，21)The
rese
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arch
group
produced
two
reports
based
on
the
survey,
but
contained
any
useful
suggestions.
解析 句意：这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意，两者都不用neither。
答案 neither
易错起源1、物主代词和反身代词的用法
例1．
Tom
felt
that
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )knew
everybody’s
business
than
they
knew
it
_
_.
A.
themselves
B.
oneself
C.
itself
D.
himself
Is’s
nice
if
a
【错误解答】D
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【正确解答】
A
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
1.英汉差异。英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不翻译。例如:
Jack
took
off
his
coat
and
went
go
bed
(his
不能省略)
2.“of+名词性物主代词”用作定语。例如:
Some
friends
of
mine
will
attend
my
birthday
party.
That car of
hers
is
a1ways
breaing
down.
3.“形容词性物主代词+own+名词”表示强调，在own前还可加very表示进一步的强调。
例如:
It’s
nice
if
a
man
can
have
his
own
car.
I
want
to
have
my
very
own
car.
4.“a(an，Some，any)
+名词+
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
one’s
own”表示“某人自己的……”的意思。名词前可以用this,that,these,four,those,several,another,no,whieh等修饰，但不能用定冠词the。例如:
5.反身代词的习惯用语。
by
oneslf
=alone
独自地，亲自
to
oneself
暗自
for
oneself
为自己
in
oneself
本质上
of
onesflf
自动地，自发地
be
oneself
玩得愉快
dress
oneslf
in
穿着……
help
oneslf
to
随便吃……，自行取用
come
to
oneself
苏醒
make
oneself
at
home
不要客气
devote
omeself
to
专心于；献身于……
find
omeself
in/at发觉自己来到……
teach
oneself
自学
dress
oneself
自己穿
lose
oneself
迷路
excuse
oneself
自我辩解
易错起源2、不定代词的用法
例2．—One
week’s
time
has
been
wastea.
—I
can’t
believe
we
did
all
that
work
for
__
.
A.
something
B.
nothing
C.
everything
D.
anything
【错误解答】A或D
【错解分析】前者说:一周的时间
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )已被浪费掉了。后者说:我无法相信我们所做的一切毫无结果／什么都没换来。句中的for有“替挟、兑挟”之意。一周内干了许多工作，却劳而无功，所以才白白浪费了一周时间，没有换来任何成果。21世纪教育网
【正确解答】
B
【名师点睛】
易混不定代词的用法区别:
1.some和any
二者都可用作名词(作主语或宾语)，也可用作形容词(作定语)来修饰可数名词或不可数名词。
(1)some一般用于肯定句中。当some用
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于单数可数名词前时，表示”某一(个)”，与数字连用则表示“大概，大约”的意思，用于疑问句时，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答，或表示请求，建议。例如:
I’ve
read
the
story
in
some
book.
(某一本)
Some
girl.
is
waiting
for
you
at
the
school
gate.(某个)
The
country
has
exported
some
two
million
bikes
this
year.
(
大约
)
May
I
have
some
water
(表示请求)
Would
you
like
some
apples
(邀请)
(2)any多用于疑问句，否定句和条件句中。在肯定句中，any表示“任何的”，修饰单数可数名词。也可用作状语，表示程度。例如:
both两者都，all三者或三者以上，全体；在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。
(1)all除了指人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；还可指物，表示“所有，一切”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，也可用来修饰不可数名词。例如:
All
but
one
are
present.(作主语，指人，谓语动词用复数)
All
is
over
with
him.(作主语，指物，谓语动词用单数)
I
have
forgotten
all
about
it(作宾语)
All
hope
has
gone.(修饰不可数名词)
They
all
agree
to
stay
here.(作同位语)
3.much和many
两个词都有“许多”的意思，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )much表示或修饰不可数名词，many表示或修饰可数名词。在口语中，much或many多用于疑问句或否定句，在肯定句中常用a
lot
of，lots
Of，plenty
of，a
large
quantity
of，quantities
of代替。much还可以用a
great
deal
of代替，many可以用a(1arge)number
of代替。
(1)much可用作副词，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作状语，表程度。be
not
much意为“不怎么样”，much还可与too连用，构成“too
much+不可数名词”短语，意为“太多的……”或“much
too+形容词或副词”短语，意为“太……“非常”，是副词词组，修饰形、副词，但不修饰动词。例如:
The
city
is
much
larger
than
that
one.
I’ve
visited
the
country
and
it
is
not
much.
There
is
too
much
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )noise
in
the
classroom
I’m
much
too
busy
to
see
visitors.
(2)many
a
+
可数名词单数，表示“许多”。在名词前如果有冠词或指示代词等词时，要用many
of或much
of结构，例如:
Many
a
student
has
gone
to
the
cinema.
Many
of
the/my
books
are
English.
(1)each强调个体，在句子中充当定语，主语，宾语和同位语，指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个。例如:
Each
room
can
seat
at
least
fifty
people.
Each
of
the
students
will
get
a
new
book.
Each
student
will
get
a
new
book
The
students
each
will
get
a
new
book.
There
are
trees
and
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )flowers
on
each
side
of
the
street.
(
街道只有两边，不能用every)
(2)every强调整体，在句中只
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能作定语，指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。还可以表示“每隔……”构成“every+数词+复数名词”，“every
+
few
+
复数名词”，“every
+
other
+
单数名词”，“every
+序数词
+
单数名词”，例如:
Every
one
has
strong
and
weak
points.
Every
student
has
told
a
story.
every
three
weeks
每隔三个星期，每隔两个星期
every
other
week
=
every
second
week
每隔一星期
every
few
weeks(不能说evesry
a
few
weeks)每隔几个星期
6.either
和neither
either指“两个人或物中的任何
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个”，表示肯定意义，neither指“两个人或物一个也不”，表示否定意义。这两个词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
①either可放在否定句的句尾，表示”也”。例如:
I
don’t
know
either.我也不知道。
②either可用作连词，“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或者，要么”的意思，一般与。or连用，构成“either...
or”短语，意为“不是……就是……”，“或者……或者……”。当这一短语连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要同最近的主语保持一致，如:
Either
he
or
I
am
to
blame.
Is
either
he
or
you
going
to
the
cinema
Are
either
you
or
he
going
to
the
cinema
③either修饰名词时，前面不
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用物主代词，指示代词或定冠词，可以说:“either
pen”，但不能说“the
either
pen或either
my
pen”
④either用作代词时，可以单独使用，也可和of连用，of后接复数名词，名词前要用一个物主代词，指示代词或定冠词，如:
He
doesn’t
like
either
of
the
two
places.
⑤当either
of作主语时，动词一般用单数形式，但在否定句和疑问句中，动词也常用复数，特别在口语中，如:
7.no和
none
Either
of
them
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )good
enough.
I
don’t
think
either
of
them
are
at
home.
(1)no表示“不”“无”只能作定语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，修饰不可数名词或可数名词单复数，相当于not
any或not
a。例如:There
is
no
water
in
the
bottle.
(2)none表示“没有人，任何人
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )也不”用作名词，相当于no
one或not
any，常同of连用，构成“Noneof...”结构，none作可数名词用时，指三者或三者以上，作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可，none作不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，none在句中作主语或宾语，不作定语，不与名词连用，例如:
None
of
books
are
(is)
interesting.
注意:
①none
but+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，例如:
None
but
wolves
walk
like
that.除非狼才会那么走。
②none和noone的区别:
none回答以howmany／muc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h引导的特殊疑问句或“any
of
+
限定词
+
名词”或表一定范围的一般疑问句，no
one回答以who引导的特殊疑问句及含有anybody或无限定范围的一般问句，简言之，
none表示数量，no
one表示没有人，例如:
—
How
many
students
are
there
in
the
classroom
now
—None.
—How
any
of
you
ever
been
to
the
Great
Wall
—None.
—Who
can
answer
the
question
—No
one.
8.other,another,
others,any
other,the
other的用法。
(1)other表示泛指，意为“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )另外的，其他的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有
the，this，some，any，each，every，no以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。例如:
I
have
no
other
place
to
go.
(2)another常用
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，泛指单数。可以单独使用，也可以接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又，再，还”。例如:
This
cap
is
too
small
for
me.
Show
me
another
(one).
We
need
another
three
assistants
in
our
company.
(3)others是oth
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er的复数形式，表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。例如:
He
has
more
concern
for
others
than
for
himself.
(4)any
other表示一个之外的其他任何一个，百不是两个之中的另一个。例如:
China
is
larger
than
any
other
country
in
Asia.
(5)the
other，表示两者中的另外一个。可以单独使用，以可接单数名词。例如:
No
agreement
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
reached
in
the
discussion
as
neither
side
would
give
away
to
the
other.
易错起源3、代词出at、it、one的用法
例3．
Cars
do
cause
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
as
some
health
problems
__
in
fact
for
more
serious
than
mobile
phones
do.
A.
one
B.
ones
C.
it
D.
those
【错误解答】D
【正确解答】B
【名师点睛】
代词it的主要用法
用作人称代词，指代前文提到过的事物。例如:
This
is
not
my
book.
It
is
Mary’s.
用来代替指示代词出，this或that。例如:
—
What’s
this
—It’s
a
dictionary.
—Whose
jacket
is
that
—It
is
hers.
在性别不清楚时用来指人。例如:
—Who’s
knocking
at
the
door
—It’s
me.
(4):指时间；距离、天气、环境等。例如:
—What’s
the
time
now
—It’s
ten
past
twenty.
It’s
getting
warmer
and
wanner.
It’s
about
ten
miles’
ride
from
my
home
to
the
town.
(5)指代整个句子的内容；例如:
Our
team
won
the
football
match
.Have
you
heard
about
it
(6)用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，对这些习惯用语只能从整体上来理解；例如:
I
hate
it
when
people
speak
with
their
mouths
full.
We’ll
foot
it.
As
it
is,
we
can
hardly
get
to
the
station
by
7o’clock.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
代词it,they与替代词one,ones,the
one,the
ones,that,those
的用法区别:
(1)it指代前面提到过的事物，they是它的复数形式。
(2)one替代单数名词，表示不特定的名词，也就是指泛指，ones是它的复数形式。
(3)the
one替代前面的单数名词，表示特指，往往其后带动定语，the
ones是它的复数形式。
(4)that既可替代单数可数名词,也可以替代不可数名词,若替代单数名词时,相当于the
one.
(5)those
替代复数名词,相当于the
ones.例如 :
Your
story
is
interesting,
but
I
don’t
I
ike
it.
(句
1)
This
story
is
an
interesting
one.
(
句
2
)
I
haven’t
a
computer.
I
want
to
buy
one
next
year.
(句
2)
The
dictionary
on
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
desk
is
much
better
than
that
(the
one)
on
the
shelf.
(句
3)
The
population
in
China
is
much
larger
than
that
in
America.
(句
4)
The
conditions
are
like
those
in
the
real
spaceship.
(句
5)
The
weather
in
Be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ijing
is
much
colder
than
that
in
Huanggang
in
winter.
(句
4)
Students
in
our
cla
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss
are
more
hard
–
working
than
those
in
Mr.
smith’s
class.
(句
5)
There
is
only
on
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
computer
of
the
type
in
the
shop,
so
I
want
to
buy
it
for
my
daughter.
(句
1)
1.One
day，he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
came
up
with
an
idea
he
would
pluck
up
all
of
his
crop
a
few
inches.
解析 考查同位语从句的引导词。因后面是一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个完整的句子，且该句是说明空格前面an
idea的具体内容，所以是同位语从句。从句结构完整，故要用that引导。
答案 that
2.
is
im
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )portant
is
that
we
let
others
know
we
care
about
them.
解析 考查主语从句的引导词。根据句子结构可知，系动词is前的句子缺少主语，表示“重要的事情”要用what。
答案 What
3.Over
the
next
several
months，my
professor
taught
me
one
story
was
so
much
better
than
the
other.
答案 why
4.
A
study
found
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
girls
who
ate
five
or
more
family
meals
a
week
had
a
much
healthier
relationship
with
food
in
later
life.
解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。谓语动词found后为宾语从句，宾语从句中不缺少成分，故要用that引导。
答案 that
5.Perhaps
my
mother
had
told
me
was
deeply
rooted
in
my
mind.
解析 考查主语从句的引导词。妈妈说的话深深地扎根于我的思想中。系动词was前为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故要用what引导。
答案 what
6.Even
more
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )upsetting
was
the
fact
the
driver
didn't
stop
afterward.
解析 考查同位语从句。the
fact后面是同位语从句，要用that来引导。
答案 that
7.
But，from
I've
heard，perhaps
he
worked
too
hard.
解析 考查宾语从句。从我听说的来看，也许他更努力些。介词from后是what引导的宾语从句，what作动词hear的宾语。21世纪教育网
答案 what
8.
Well，there
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
a
rumor
going
around
the
head
of
the
Department
is
leaving.
解析 考查同位语从句。有一个谣言说，部门的领导马上就要走了。that引导的是名词rumor的同位语从句。
答案 that
9.
The
easiest
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )way
to
do
this
is
to
make
a
simple
list
of
it
means
to
be
respectful
at
school.
答案 what
10.
There
is
a
ne
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w
market
near
my
house.My
mother
often
goes
there
and
buys
we
need
for
our
meals.
解析 考查宾语从句。我的妈妈经常去那买我们吃饭所需要的东西。what引导宾语从句作动词buy的宾语。
答案 what
11.The
pandas
are
ve
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry
dear
to
human
beings.So
people
have
been
doing
they
take
to
save
them.
解析 考查宾语从句。熊猫对人类来
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说很宝贵，因此人们一直在做任何需要做的事情来保护它们。whatever引导宾语从句，表示“无论什么”，相当于anything
that。
答案 whatever
12.
To
tell
the
tru
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th，
you
do
rather
than
what
you
say
matters.
解析 考查主语从句。说实话，是你所做的而
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不是你所说的真正起作用。rather
than连接的并列主语从句，主语从句均缺宾语，所以用what。
答案 what
13.
What
the
g
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )overnment
cares
about
most
is
action
they
are
going
to
take.
解析 考查表语从句。政府最关心的是他们将采取何种行动。what
action什么行动。
答案 what
14.I
need
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
put
a
cross
on
the
map
to
show
that
famous
hotel
is.
答案 where
15.
We've
got
to
rem
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ember
this
group
wants
to
look
at
how
the
Internet
is
being
used
in
the
classroom.That's
they
are
coming
for.
解析 考查表语从句的引导词。这就是他们
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为什么而来。what在表语从句中作介词for的宾语，for
what相当于why。
答案 what1.
He
suddenly
appeared
in
class
one
day，
(wear)
sun
glasses.
【解析】考查现在分词。根据句子结构可知，已
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有谓语动词appeared，动词wear前又没有并列连词，故应为非谓语动词作状语，表示伴随情况；又因主语he与wear之间是主动关系，故要用现在分词。21世纪教育网
【答案】wearing
2.
One
morning，I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
was
waiting
at
the
bus
stop，worried
about
(be)
late
for
school.
【答案】being
3.
I
heard
a
p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assenger
behind
me
shouting
to
the
driver，but
he
refused
(stop)
until
we
reached
the
next
stop.
【解析】考查不定式。动词refuse后要接不定式作宾语，
refuse
to
do
sth
拒绝做某事。
【答案】to
stop
4.
Still，the
boy
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
kept
(ride).He
was
carrying
something
over
his
shoulder
and
shouting.
【解析】考查固定短语。然而这个男孩一直骑个不停。keep
doing
sth一直做某事。
【答案】riding
5.
We
got
a
little
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
(sunburn)，but
the
day
had
been
so
relaxing
that
we
didn't
mind.
【解析】考查过去分词。我们有点晒黑了。动
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词sunburn晒黑，此处get
＋
done结构为被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。
【答案】sunburned/
sunburnt
6.
My
older
bro
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther
and
I
are
busy
(arrange)
a
trip
to
Africa.
【解析】考查动名词。be
busy
(in)
doing...忙于做某事。
【答案】arranging
7.
Qu
was
a
min
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ister
of
the
State
of
Chu
(situate)
in
present－day
Hunan
and
Hubei
Provinces，during
the
Warring
States
Period(战国时期).
【解析】考查过去分词。表示位于何地时，用be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
situated
in/on。过去分词situated作定语，相当于定语从句which
was
situated...。
【答案】situated
8.
Last
weekend
as
I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was
riding
in
the
bike
lane
alongside
the
truck，we
reached
a
crossing
and
it
turned
to
the
right，
(hit)
me
and
my
bicycle.
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：上周我骑自行车时旁边有辆卡车，当到十字路口时，它向右转，撞到了我和我的自行车。hitting作结果状语。
【答案】hitting
9.
After
luc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kily
(succeed)
in
the
national
college
entrance
examination，I
realized
my
dream
again：after
graduation，I
became
a
citizen
working
in
a
city.
【答案】succeeding
10.
Most
of
the
fish
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
there
was
(freeze)，but
we
had
not
much
trouble
finding
some
fresh
fish
at
the
other
part
of
the
market.
【解析】考查过去分词。此处作表语，表状态，要用frozen(冰冻的)。21世纪教育网
【答案】frozen
易错起源1、非谓语动词类别和句法功能
例1．
(abso
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rb)in
painting,
John
didn't
notice
evening
approaching.
【解析】句意：沉迷于绘画中，约翰没有注意时间已到了傍晚。考查非谓语动词。此处的Absorbed
in
painting
相当于原因状语从句Because
he
was
absorbed
in
painting的省略。
【答案】Absorbed
【名师点睛】
非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项:
◆不定式
1.介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时except／but意为“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有:
can
but
+
动词原形;只能、只得……
cannot
help(choose)but
+
动词原形:……不能不……
do
nothing
but
+
动词原形:只做……
There
is
nothing
to
do
but
+
动词原形:
……只有做……
have
no
choice
but
to
do:只有做……
例如:
The
last
bus
hav
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
gone,
I
could
do
nothing
but
go
home
on
foot.
(省略
to)
I
cannot
choose
but
tell
him
the
truth.
(省略
to)
She
could
do
nothing
but
leave.
(省略
to)
I
have
no
choice
but
to
cry.
(不能省略to)
2.不定式在使役动词ha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve，let，make以及感官动词see，look
at，watch，notice，observe，hear，
listen
to，feel后的宾补，不定式符号要省略，但这些句子变为被动结构时，就必须带符号to.例如:
I
often
hear
him
sing
this
song.
→
He
is
often
heard
to
sing
this
song.
I
saw
them
play
in
the
park.
→
They
were
seen
to
play
in
the
park.
3.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式使不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的介词。但名词way，place，way除外。例如:
He
is
not
a
man
to
tell
lies.
(
主谓关系
)
There
will
not
be
enough
space
to
stand
in
on
the
earth.
(
动宾关系
)
Here
is
some
paper
for
you
to
write
on.
The
boy
has
a
nice
pen
to
write
with.
We
found
a
way
to
solve
this
problem
(in).
通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:(1)不定式表
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，
all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有:ability，disability，chance，idea，
fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，time等。例如:
During
my
holidqy
I
borrowed
some
books
to
read.(表将来)
She
was
the
first
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )woman
to
win
the
gold
medal
in
the
Olympic
Games.
(有序数词修饰)
I
have
no
chance
to
escape.
(修饰抽象名词)
Do
you
have
the
ability
to
read
French
(修饰抽象名词)
4.不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )果或条件。表示目的时可用in
order
to，so
as
to换用；表示条件时，一般把表示条件的动词不定式置于句首，句中的谓语动词常含有will，shall，should，
would，can，must，could等情态动词。例如:
He
sat
down
to
have
a
rest.
(表目的
)
He
woke
up
to
find
everybody
gone.
(表结果)
I’m
very
pleased
to
hear
from
him.
(表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐)
To
look
at
him,
you
can’t
help
laughing.
(表条件，谓语动词含有can)
He
was
too
excited
not
to
say
a
word.
(表程度)
He
is
old
enough
to
go
to
school.
(表程度)
◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别:
这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。例如:
The
bridge
to
be
built
is
named
Stone
in
honor
of
the
hero.
(将要修建的)
The
bridge
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eing
built
is
named
Stone
in
honor
of
the
hero.
(正大修建的)
The
bridge
built
is
named
Stone
in
honor
of
the
hero.
(己经修建了的)
Have
you
read
the
novel
written
by
Dickens
He
is
a
teacher
loved
anti
respected
by
all
students.
(没有时间性)
Listen!
The
song
being
sung
is
very
popular
with
the
young
men.
(表正在)
The
question
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
be
discussed
at
the
Sunday
meeting
is
very
important.
(表将来)
在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示”感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。例如:
interesting令人感兴趣的interested感到有兴趣的
exciting令人感到激动的excited感到激动的
shocking令人感到震惊的shocked感到震惊的
◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别:
1.感官动词(see，look
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
at，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen
to，feel)和使役动词(have，let，make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意:make不能接现在分词作宾补。
例如:
I
heard
her
sing
a
Chinese
song
jut
now.
(表示主动，完成)
I
heard
her
singing
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
a
Chinese
song
when
I
passed
by
her
room
last
night.
(表示正在进行)
I
heard
the
Chinese
song
sung
many
times.
(表示被动)
The
captain
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )got/have
the
soldiers
moving
to
ward
the
front
after
a
short
rest.
(
不能用make)
I
looked
down
at
my
neck
and
found
my
necklace
gone.
(表示状态)
I
was
surprised
to
find
my
hometown
changed
a
lot.
(表示完成)
2.动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使……处于某种状态”。例如:
It
is
wrong
for
you
to
leave
the
machine
running.
(主动，正在进行)
The
guests
left
most
of
the
dishes
untouched.
(
被动，完成)
My
workmate
left,
leaving
me
to
do
all
the
rest
work.
(主动，将来)
My
workmate
left,
leaving
all
the
rest
work
to
be
done.
(被动，将来)
◆过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别:
1.一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。例如:
Seen
from
a
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )istance,
the
mountain
looked
like
a
man.
Seeing
the
moun
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tain,
he
always
thinks
of
his
hometown.
2.现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。例如:
Being
helped
by
the
teacher,
she
will
learn
English
well.
Helped
by
the
teacher,
she
has
learned
English
well.
3.现在分词的被动完成式表示先于
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )谓语动词动作发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。例如:
Having
been
used
for
a
long
time,
the
watch
needs
to
be
mended.
Used
in
this
way，the
word
shouldn’t
be
taken
as
a
verb.
Given
more
time,
we
will
finish
the
work
perfectly.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
◆独立主格结构
分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与句子的主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，这就是独立主格结构形式。
独立主格结构是分词短语意义上的逻辑主语，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )通常由名词或代词来充当，放在分词之前。因为没有实际的主语和谓语，独立主格结构不是句子，一般放在句首或句末，充当时间、原因、方式等状语。例如:
Winter
having
come,
it’s
getting
colder
and
colder.
The
homework
finished,the
child
went
home.
His
leg
badiy
hurt,he
had
to
stay
in
bed.
Time
permitting,
we’ll
visit
the
Summer
Palace.
She
lay
against
the
wall,the
sun
shinning
upon
her.
从例句可以看出，独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是两个不同的人或物，因此，分词前的名词或代词不能省略。
独立主格结构也可以由“with／without
+
名词或代词
+
分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成。例如:
The
boy
stared
at
the
teacher,
with
his
mouth
opon.
With
his
parents
away,
the
boy
became
naughtier.
The
teacher
came
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nto
the
classroom,with
a
book
in
her
hand
(
=
book
in
hand).
She
sat
still,
with
her
eyes
closed.
(
被动,状态)
She
sat
still,
with
her
eyes
looking
at
the
ceiling.
(主动,正在)
With
you
to
help
me
,
I
could
do
it
better.
(主动，将来)
With
a
lot
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )problems
settled
,
the
mayor
went
to
have
a
holiday.
(被动，完成)
With
a
lot
of
pro
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blems
to
be
settled
,
the
mayor
has
a
hard
time.
(被动,将来)
◆垂悬分词作状语
垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。例如:
Searching
along
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
street,
it
had
taken
him
along
time
to
find
a
clinic.
(
searching
的逻辑主语是句中him
所指的人)
Walking
or
sleeping,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
this
subject
is
always
in
my
mind.
(walking
or
sleeping
的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”)
Using
the
electri
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c
energy,
it
is
necessary
to
change
its
form.
(
using
的逻辑主语泛指“我们”)
易错起源2、非谓语动词的时态和语态
例2．
(learn)mo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
about
Chinese
culture,
Jack
has
decided
to
take
Chinese
folk
music
as
an
elective
course.
【答案】To
learn
【名师点睛】
动词不定式的时态和语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用不定式的被动语态，形式有一般式和完成式(进行式没有被动式)。例如：
Her
father
disap
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )peared，never
to
be
heard
from
again．(hear
from和his
father之间是被动关系)
The
book
is
si
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
to
have
been
tramlated
into
many
languages．(translate和the
book之间是被动关系)
注意：不定式中使用主动代替被动的情况：
(1)不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如:
I
haven’t
got
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
a
key
to
unlock
the
door.(to
unlock
the
door的逻辑主语是a
key)
(2)不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和主语构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如:
I
haven’t
got
a
book
to
read．(I为不定式的逻辑主语，a
book为不定式的逻辑宾语)
(3)不定式作宾语形容词的状语，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和句中的主语构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动，实际上形容词后省略了for
one或for
people。例如：
The
book
is
difficult
(for
me)
to
understand.
He
is
hard
(
for
me)
to
work
with.
(4)在there
be结构中，如果考虑必须有人去完成某事时，用主动；如果强调事情本身必须完成时，用被动。例如:
There
is
a
lot
of
to
be
done.
(工作被作)
There
is
a
lot
of
to
do.
(需要人去做)
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
动名词的时态和语态
动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。如果动名词的逻辑这样是动名词动作的承受者，这时用动名词的被动式。例如:
We
are
interested
in
playing
chess.
(同时)
She
is
looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you
again.
(之后)
I’m
sorry
for
not
having
kept
my
promise.
(之前)
The
little
boy
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
was
afraid
of
being
left
at
home
alone.
(被动)
The
house
showed
no
sign
of
having
been
damaged.(之前，被动)
易错起源3、非谓语动词的固定搭配
例3．After
receiving
the
Oscar
for
Best
Supporting
Actress，Anne
Benedict
wen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
on
(thank)all
the
people
who
had
helped
in
her
career.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【答案】to
thank
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
英语中非谓语动词的固定搭配是因词而定，没有固定的规律。考生只有牢记它们的形式，才能成功破题。
1.下列动词或动词短语后面只接动名词作宾语:
admit,
allow
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
appreciate,
avoid,
consider
(考虑)
,
delay,
dislike,
enjoy,
escape,
excuse,
finish,
imagine,
keep,
mind,
miss(错过),
practice,
risk,
resist,
suggest,
suffer等动词;
be
used
to(习惯于),
insis
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
on,
can’t
help(情不自禁)
,
can’t
stand
(无法忍受),
give
up,
feel
like,
keep
on,
look
forward
to,
put
off,
devote
to,stick
to,
object
to,
thank
you
for,
be
busy
(in)
,
get
down
to,
lead
to,
see
to,
have
difficult/trouble
(in),have
a
good/wonderful/hard
time
(in)等动词组。
2.下列动词或动词短语后面能接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
forget／remember／regret
to
do忘记／记住／后悔去做某事
forget／remember／regret
doing忘记／记得／后悔已经做过某事
stop
to
do停下来接着做另一件事stop
doing停止做一件事
mean
to
do意欲、企图做某事mean
doing意味着做某事
go
on
to
do做完某事接着做另一件事go
on
doing继续做同一件事
try
to
do努力、试图做某事try
doing尝试着做某事
3.有些短语作状语是固定结构:
judging
from,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )generally/
frankly/
honestly/
strictly
speaking,
considering
(that)...
(考虑到……),
supposing/
providing
(that)...
(假如……),seeing
(
that
)...
(既然,由于……)
,
to
tell
you
the
truth,
to
make
things
worse,to
begin
with
(首先，第一)。例如:
Judging
from
his
accent,
he
must
be
a
southerner.
Tuning
to
the
left,
he
saw
a
bus
passing.
Considering
everything,
he
did
a
good
job.
Seeing
(that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))
she
is
lawfully
old
enough
to
get
married,
I
don’t
see
how
you
can
stop
her.
易错起源4、
非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式
例4．I
really
can’t
understand
__
her
like
that.
A.
you
treat
B.
you
to
treat
C.
why
treat
D.
you
treating
【错误解答】
A或B
【正确解答】
D
21世纪教育网
【名师点睛】
非谓语动词的逻辑主语也就是非谓语动词的动作执行者。在不定式中，逻辑主语是of或for的
介词宾语，或是句子的主语，或是句子的宾语。
例如:
It
is
important
for
us
to
work
hard.(to
work
is
important.只能用for)
It
is
kind
of
you
to
help
me
to
clean
the
room.(you
are
kind.只能用of)
We
want
to
go
with
you
to
have
a
picnic.
Little
Tom
liked
to
be
taken
to
the
cinema.
I
want
the
report
to
be
typed
as
quickly
as
possible.
The
manager
asked
me
to
type
the
report
as
quickly
as
possible.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
动名词的复合结构在句中作主语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时，其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格；作宾语、表语时，其逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词、人称代词、名词的所有格或普通格；无生命名词或有生命的名词表示泛指时，必须用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格。例如：
Tom’s
coming
surprised
all
of
us
(主语)
His
not
attending
the
meeting
made
the
manager
very
angry.(主语)
Would
you
mind
me/my
opening
the
window (宾语)
They
all
thought
Tom’s
/Tom
going
there
a
great
mistake.(宾语)
Is
there
any
hope
of
their
team
winning
the
game
(无生命)
I
have
never
heard
of
women
landing
the
moon.(有生命，但表泛指)
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和主句的主语是一致的，如果不同则要用到独立主格结构形式(见上文)。
例如:
Being
a
student,
you
must
study
hard.
When
crossing
the
streets
you
must
be
careful.
If
heated
to
high
temperature,
ice
can
change
into
water.
1.
Much
time
(spend)sitting
at
a
desk,
office
workers
are
generally
troubled
by
health
problems.
【解析】句意：大部分时间坐办公桌，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time
与spend之间构成被动关
系，另外该题实际考查了非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
【答案】spent
2.
When
the
clerk
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aw
a
kind
face
wrinkled
in
an
apologetic
smile,
she
stood
rooted
to
the
ground,
(wonder)whether
to
stay
or
leave.
【答案】wondering
3.
Sometimes
I
act
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
a
listening
ear
for
fellow
students
(talk)over
what
is
bothering
them.
【解析】句意：有时候我充
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )当同学们的倾诉对象，让他们通过倾诉释放心头的烦心事。for
sb
to
do
sth是不定式的复合结构，在句中作定语，修饰a
listening
ear。
【答案】to
talk
4.
(catch)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
early
flight,
we
ordered
a
taxi
in
advance
and
got
up
very
early.
【解析】句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了床。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。21世纪教育网
【答案】To
catch
5.
The
park
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as
full
of
people,
(enjoy)themselves
in
the
sunshine.
【解析】句意：公园里挤满了人
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，他们在阳光下过得很快乐。people和enjoy之间是主谓关系，且非谓语动词动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，故用现在分词的一般式。
【答案】enjoying
6.
If
(accept)for
the
job,
you'll
be
informed
soon.
【解析】句意：如果录用你做这份工作，你将会很快得到通知。句子的主语you和动词accept之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
【答案】accepted
7.
Listening
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
music
at
home
is
one
thing,
going
to
hear
it
(perform)live
is
quite
another.
【解析】句意：在家听音乐是一回
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )事，去现场听音乐演奏是另外一回事。hear...doing...听到……正在做……，此处宾语it与动词perform之间为动宾关系，故要用现在分词的被动形式作宾语补足语。
【答案】being
performed
8.
(raise)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in
the
poorest
area
of
Glasgow,
he
had
a
long,
hard
road
to
becoming
a
football
star.
【答案】Raised
9.
Like
ancient
sail
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ors,
birds
can
find
their
way
(use)the
sun
and
the
stars.
【解析】句意：就像古时候的水手一样，鸟能
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境，use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，故用v.－ing形式的一般式，在句中作伴随状语，表示与find同时发生。
【答案】using
10.
Back
from
his
two－
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )year
medical
service
in
Africa，Dr.Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
(take)good
care
of
at
home.
【解析】句意：在他两年的非洲
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )医疗服务回来后，李博士很高兴地看到他在家中被照顾得很好的母亲。考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词做后置定语，mother和take
good
care
of之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
【答案】taken
11.
Well，it
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )always
takes
time
to
consider
before
(make)
a
decision.
【解析】考查动名词。在做决定之前要认真考虑。before是介词，后跟动名词。
【答案】making
12.
Now，the
merchant'
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
1st
wife
is
a
very
loyal
partner
and
has
made
great
contributions
in
maintaining
his
wealth
and
business
as
well
as
(take)
care
of
the
household.
【解析】考查动名词。as
well
as
连接并列结构，take在形式上要与maintain保持一致。
【答案】taking
13.
Eventuall
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y，I
decided
(contact)
University
Student
Legal
Services
for
help
about
this
matter.
【解析】考查不定式。decide
to
do...决定做某事。
【答案】to
contact
14.
Woo
Sing
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stopped
(think)
about
these
strange
actions，saying
to
himself，“This
boy
is
fooling
me.He
does
everything
that
I
do.”
【解析】考查不定式。Woo
Sing停下来想这些奇怪的行为……。stop
to
do
sth停下来去做某事。
【答案】to
think
15.
Most
pro
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bably，it
may
lead
to
a
small
talk
which
often
brings
harm
or
disrespect
to
others，thus
(hurt)
others'
feelings.
【解析】考查现在分词。句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：很有可能，这种好奇心会导致闲言碎语，而那些闲言碎语会对别人造成伤害或者不尊重，这样就伤害了别人的感情。现在分词作结果状语，主语a
small
talk
和hurt之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词。
【答案】hurting
16.
Yes，and
there
is
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
lot
of
points
of
view
when
you
listen
to
talk
shows.I
usually
enjoy
(listen)
to
them.
【答案】listening
17.Taking
a
taxi
is
five
times
as
expensive
as
(take)
a
bus.
【解析】考查动名词。这里taking
a
bus和taking
a
taxi进行比较。
【答案】taking
18.
I
then
realize
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
she
had
no
arms
or
legs，just
a
head，a
neck
and
upper
body，
(dress)
in
a
little
white
skirt.
【解析】考查过去分词。此处过去分词短语dressed
in...相当于定语从句who
was
dressed
in...。
【答案】dressed
19.
The
price
of
tea
(pick)
in
March
is
extremely
high.
【解析】考查过去分词。tea与动词pick之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
【答案】picked
20.
We
have
also
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ormed
a
special
support
group
to
help
young
people
stop
(smoke).
【解析】考查动名词。sto
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p
to
do
sth
停下来去做某事；stop
doing
sth
停止正在做的事情。根据语境可知“我们还成立了一个特殊的小组去帮助青少年戒烟”。stop
smoking戒烟。
【答案】smoking1.
Not
until
I
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )turned
I
realize
that
a
quiet
town
life
was
the
best
for
me.
解析 考查倒装句。句意：直到回来，我才发
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。not
until放在句首，后面的主句要倒装。因为谓语动词为实义动词realize，故要用助动词did并提到主语前面。
答案 did
2.
It
took
years
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
work
(reduce)
industrial
pollution
and
clean
the
water.
解析 考查固定表达。句意：减少工业污染
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和净化污水需要多年的工作。这里是固定句式It
takes
(sb)＋some
time
＋to
do
sth做某事花费(某人)多长时间，故要用动词不定式to
reduce。
答案 to
reduce
3.It
asks
you
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
act
like
water：to
be
flexible
as
well
strong.
答案 as
4.
The
(har
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d)
you
try
to
beat
him，the
more
likely
you
will
get
hit.
解析 考查固定表达。句意：你
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。此处为“the＋比较级＋主谓，the＋比较级＋主谓”的句型，表示“越……就越……”。21世纪教育网
答案 harder
5.
Go
to
the
villa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge
and
buy
some
salt，but
pay
a
fair
price
for
it：neither
too
much
too
little.
解析 考查固定表达。既不要太贵也不要太便宜。neither
...nor既不……也不……。
答案 nor
6.They
will
be
as
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifficult
and
painful
holding
a
hot
potato.
解析 考查固定表达。他们将和拿着热土豆一样痛苦和困难。此处是“as＋形容词＋as”表示的同级比较句型。
答案 as
7.He
loved
the
4th
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ife
the
most.He
took
great
care
of
her
and
gave
her
nothing
the
best.
解析 考查固定表达。他悉心照顾她，只给她最好的。nothing
but只，仅仅。
答案 but
8.
And
I'd
like
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
know
why
Chinese
people
use
chopsticks.
not
knives
and
forks，like
Americans
解析 考查固定表达。我想知道为什么中国人用筷子，为什么不像美国人一样用刀叉呢？固定表达why
not...为什么不……呢？
答案 Why
9.
So
long
as
we
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )some，that's
enough.And
we
can
learn
to
spend
money.
解析 考查固定表达。我们能学会如何花钱。learn后面跟的是“疑问词＋to
do”结构。
答案 how
10.
Sometimes
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unger
hit
me
so
severely
I
regarded
dried
sweet
potato
slices
as
delicious
snack.
解析 考查固定表达。有时候饥饿感是如此强烈以至于我都把土豆片当作美味的点心。此处是结果状语从句，so...that...结构。
答案 that
易错起源1、强调句的正确运用
例1．It
was
when
we
were
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
returning
home
________
I
realized
what
a
good
feeling
it
was
to
have
helped
someone
in
trouble.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
where
D.
how
【答案】B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【名师点睛】
使用强调句时，应该注意如下几点:
1.强调状语:It
is
tomorrow
that
will
hold
the
meeting.(that不能换成when)
It
was
on
the
sports
ground
that
I
found
(that
不能换成where)
2.强调含有not...util...一结
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构的句子时，要用
It
is／was
not
until...that...结构。that后的句子要
用肯定句，且须用陈述语序。
3.强调句和主语从句句型(指
“It+be+
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )adj.／n.+that从句”类型)的异同点:二者均有
It
be
...
that／who...之类的语言标志。所不同的是:
(1)含有主语从句的句子译为汉语时不可加上
“正是……”或“就是……”之类的字眼，而强调则可以。
(2)含有主语从句的句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子若删掉
It
be...that／who...则原句不论结构还是语意均不成立，而强调句去掉结构标志仍然成立。如:It
is
ture
that
he
once
went
to
to
Canada.(不可以去掉
It
is及that，否则原句不成立)
It
was
on
Decembe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
11，典型例题at
China
became
a
member
of
WTO.(去掉was及that后原句仍然成立)
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
1.含有定语从句的强调句型:仔细分析出at或
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
who在句中的作用，若that或who可有可无(结合it
be来分析)，则为强调句，否则是定语从句。如:
It
was
in
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
lab
that
was
set
up
by
Mr.Smith
that
they
finshed
the
experiment.(lab后的出at不可省略,因为出at引导定语从句，作该句的主语。句中第二个，that才是强调句的标志。)
2.强调谓语时用“do/does／did+动词原形”。如:
He
did
come
yesterday.他昨天的确来了。
易错起源2、倒装句的正确运用
例2．Only
when
Lily
wa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lked
into
the
office
______
that
she
had
left
the
contract
at
home.
A.
she
realized
B.
has
she
realized
C.
she
has
realized
D.
did
she
realize
【答案】D
【名师点睛】
在下列情况下，句子要完全倒装:
1.在there，here
引导的句子中，谓语是be；exist
等表示状态的词。如:Hereisaseatforyou.Tom.
There
stands
a
building
on；the
top
of
the
mountain
2.在语气词there，here开头的句子中，谓语是
come，be等。
如:There
goes
the
bell!铃响了!
Here
comes
your
husband.你丈夫来了。
There
you
go
again你又来这一套。
3.由副词now,then,thus
引导的句子中，谓语是
come,begin,be
如:
Now
comes
your
turn.
Thus
ended
the
meeting.
4.在
in,
out
up,
over,
back等作状语置于句首时，谓语动词是
come,
go,
rush,
run
等的句子里。
如:Up
and
up
the
prices
Off
went
the
horses
5.地点状语提前，谓语是
be
,stand,lie
的句子中
如:In
front
of
the
door
stood
a
boy.
On
the
ground
lay
a
sick
dog.
A.
在疑问句里。
Do
you
have
an
English
class
every
day
What
did
the
two
cheats
pretend
to
be
doing
在特殊疑问句里，如果疑问词作主语，则不用倒装。
Who
is
in
the
next
room 谁在隔壁房间？
What
makes
you
so
angry
什么使你这么生气？
B.在以so
开头表示“也一样”，和以nor或neither开关表示“也不一样”的句子里。
I
get
up
at
seven
and
so
does
my
brother.
He
didn’t
do
it
and
neither
did
I.
C.在以
never,
ha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rdly,
scarcely,
seldom,
little,
barely
,
rarely,
nowhere,
by
no
means,
hot
until,
hardly
(scarcely)...
when
,no
sooner...
than
等否定或半否定意义的词位于句首表示强调的句子里。
Never
before
have
I
met
him.我以前从未见过他。
Seldom
did
the
boy
icad
newspapers.这个孩子以前很少读报。
Little
do
I
dream
of
seeing
wonderful
seenery.我梦想不到会看到这样神奇的景色。
Not
until
midnight
did
it
stop
raining.雨一直下到半夜才停。
Hardly
had
he
entered
the
house
when
it
began
to
rain.
他一进屋就开始下雨了。
No
sooner
had
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hey
got
to
the
plant
than
they
started
to
wrok.他们一进工厂就开始工作。
易错起源3、反意疑问句的用法
例3．—
I
spent
two
weeks
in
London
last
summer.
—Then
you
must
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )visited
the
British
Museum
during
your
stay._____
you
A.
mustn’t
B.
haven’t
C.
didn’t
D.
hadn’t
【答案】C
【解析】本题考察的反义疑问句中比较特殊的一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )种“情态动词+have
done”的反义疑问句。当主句中“情态动词+have
done”后面有过去时的时间状语，就对一般过去时反问；如果句子没有一般过去时的时间状语，就对现在完成时中的助动词have/has提问。句意：—去年夏天，我在伦敦两个星期。—你在那里的时候，一定去了大英博物馆吧，是吧？本句中有了during
your
stay你在那里的时候，这是一个一般过去时的时间状语，指去年在那里的时间。所以对一般过去时提问，句中是动词visit，所以使用didn’t。
21世纪教育网
【名师点睛】
使用反意疑问句时，应注意下列问题：
1.陈述部分包含有no，n
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ever，hardly，little等含有否定意义的词时，附加问句用肯定形式(但不包括带有否定意义的前后缀的词，如dislike，unfair等)。
2.陈述句和附加问句的情态动词或助动词一般要保持一致，但也有特殊情况：
(1)used
to(过去常常)—usedn’t
(或didn’t)；
(2)have(拥有)—haven’
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t(或don’t)；have(进行某-动作)—don’t;
have(构成完成时态)—haven’t;have
to(不得不)—don’t；
(3)ought
to(应该)—oughtn’t；
(4)must(必须)—
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mustn’t
must(必要)—
needn’t；
must
be(表示猜测)—be；must
have
done
(对过去某一时间的事情推测)—don’t；must
have
done(对发生在过去但对现在造成影响的动作进行推测)—haven’t;must
not(表示禁止)—may。
3.陈述句的主语为名词或代词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时，附加问句的主语为相应的人称代词；陈述句的主语为指示代词
this、that、不定代词nothing、不定式、动名词或从句时，附加问句的主语为小陈述句主语为指示代词
these、those、不定代词nobody、everbody、somebody等时，附加问句用they.
4.陈述部分若为“I／We
don’t
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hink(believe
imagine，suppose，expect．．．)
+
宾语从句”时，附加问句的谓语动词和主语应和宾语从句的动词和主语保持一致，且用肯定式。但当陈述部分的主语不是
I／We时，附加问句的构成同普通的反意疑问句。
5.含有强调句型的反意疑问句中，附加问句的主语代词永远是it.如:
It
was
last
year
that
you
graduated,
wasn’t
it
易错起源4、省略句的用法
例4．________
the
morning
train,
he
would
not
have
been
late
for
the
meeting.
A.
Did
he
catch
B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).
should
be
catch
C.
has
he
caught
D.
Had
he
caught
【答案】D
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
【名师点睛】
在英语中，下列情况下一般可以用省略:
A.祈使句一般省略主语
(You)
Don’t
touch
this
knob.请不要随便碰这个把手
(You)
Come
in,please!
请进来
(You)
Be
quiet
!安静
B.
某些句子结构省略谓语
She
gets
up
earlier
than
I
(
get
up)
every
day.她每天起床比我早。
(
Is
there)
Anybody
you
want
to
see
你想见什么人吗
I
like
music
and
he
(likes)
sports.
我喜欢音乐，他喜欢体育。
C.部分问句常省略主语、谓语
Why
not 为什么不呢
Why 为什么
Right
对吗
What
什么
Anything
you
want 你想要什么
D.
疑问句省略回答
—Are
these
your
friends
这些人是你的朋友吗
—Yes
,they
are
(my
friends).
是的，他们是。
E.并列的不定式可以省略后面
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个不定式的to
如:
The
book
is
intend
to
be
read
and
not(to
be)
torn.
这本书是供人读的而不是供人撕毁的
F.宾语从句中常用so，not或其他来代替宾从句
如:①—Do
you
think
she
is
a
singer
—Yes,
I
think
so.
②—Shall
I
have
a
test
next
week
—I
hope
not.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
1.定语从句的省略
The
car
(which)you
told
about
is
here
.你说过的那辆汽车在这里。
Do
you
know
the
man(who
is)speaking
to
you 你认识和你讲话的那个人吗
The
people(who)you
were
talking
to
are
Japanese.你与之谈话的那些人是日本人。
2.状语从句的省略
在When，while，i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f,as
if，though，as，whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。
When(I
was)in
Jap
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an,I
took
many
beautiful
pictures.
在日本，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。
You
should
notes
when
(it
is)necessary.必要时你应该记笔记。
1．
Kate，run
a
bit
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )faster，______you
can
catch
up
with
all
of
your
classmates.
A．so
B.and
C.but
D．or
解析 考查并列连词。祈使句＋a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd/or＋一般将来时。句意：凯特，再跑快一点儿，你就能够赶上你所有的同学了。and表顺承关系，而or表否则，由此可知
B项。
答案 B
2．________，so
he
didn't
come
to
school
last
week.
A．Though
he
was
ill
B.Being
ill
C.Having
been
ill
D．He
was
ill
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 D
3．
He
had
to
sell
his
luxury
car，________his
company
was
in
debt.
A．before
B.until
C.while
D.for
解析 考查并列句的用法。句意
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：他不得不卖掉自己的豪华车，因为他的公司负债了。A(从属连词)在……之前；B(从属连词)直到；C(从属连词)当……时，尽管，(并列连词)然而；D(并列连词)因为，对前一分句起补充说明作用。此题前一分句说“他不得不卖掉自己的豪华车”，“后一分句补充说明他卖车的原因是他的公司负债”，故选D项。
答案 D
4．________for
hi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
action
on
the
playing
field
，but
he
is
also
famous
for
the
things
that
he
does
off
the
playing
field.
A．Not
he
is
only
known
B．Not
only
is
he
known
C．Only
is
he
known
not
D．He
is
only
not
known
解析 考查倒装句。句意：他不仅
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )因为在球场的行动著名，还因为在球场以外的事情著名。可知句中使用了not
only...but
also
连接两个句子。not
only
位于句首时，not
only
部分的主谓要进行部分倒装，故选B项。
答案 B
5．Relax
yourself
every
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
day，________you'll
be
too
tired
to
get
good
grades.
A．and
B．or
C．for
D．but
解析 考查并列句的用法。本题中含有特
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )殊句式：祈使句＋连词＋陈述句＝If引导的条件句＋主句。这个句型进一步转换成：名词短语＋连词＋陈述句。如果原句中的连词是and，那么可以转换成一个肯定的条件句；如果原句中的连词是or，可以转换成一个否定的祈使句。本句相当于：If
you
don't
relax
yourself
every
day，you'll
be
too
tired
to
get
good
grades.故选B项。21世纪教育网
答案 B
6.
Reality
is
no
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
the
way
you
wish
things
to
be，nor
the
way
they
appear
to
be，________the
way
they
actually
are.
A．as
B．or
C．but
D．and
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 C
7．No
sooner
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________at
the
airport
than
she
was
surrounded
by
many
reporters.
A．has
the
star
arrived
B．the
star
has
arrived
C．the
star
had
arrived
D．had
the
star
arrived
解析 考查特殊句式中的倒装。no
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sooner...than...一……就……，引导时间状语从句，no
sooner放句首，用部分倒装，排除B、C；根据was可知，用过去完成时，排除A。故选D项。
答案 D
8．
________，Guo
Mingyi
makes
his
effort
to
help
those
in
poverty.
A．Not
rich
although
he
is
B．In
spite
of
not
rich
C．Though
not
rich
D．As
he
is
not
rich
解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然不富有，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )但是郭明义努力帮助那些贫穷的人。A项错在although不能用于倒装句，B项错在in
spite
of后面接名词或动名词，D项错在as表示让步含义，需要用倒装句，C项是省略的表达，完整的是though
he
is
not
rich，主从句的主语一致的时候，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，选C项。
答案 C
9．The
door
opened
and
there________.
A．entering
our
English
teacher
B．entered
our
English
teacher
C．did
our
English
teacher
enter
D．our
English
teacher
entered
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 B
10．
Not
until
he
fai
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )led
in
the
last
examination
________he
should
have
spent
more
time
on
study.
A．did
he
realize
B．he
realized
C．did
he
not
realize
D．he
didn't
realize
解析 考查倒装句。句意：直
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到他在最后一次考试中失利，他才意识到他应该在学习上多花些时间。not
until引导时间状语从句置于句首，后面的主句用部分倒装，前面是not
until，后面是肯定句，选A项。
答案 A
11.
No.And
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat's
not
all.The
bus
was
one
hour
late.Worse
，it
picked
up
passengers
on
the
way
to
our
destination.
解析 考查固定表达。worse
still更糟糕的是。
答案 still
12.
It's
unn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecessary
and
it's
not
important
at
all.We
needn't
care
about
it.It
is
one's
inner
beauty
matters.
解析 考查强调句型。重要的是内在美。根据结
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构可知此处是强调句型it
is/was
＋被强调部分＋that/who
＋其他。此处强调的是主语one's
inner
beauty。
答案 that
13.
Yes，but
it
is
not
as
easy
you
imagine.
解析 考查固定表达。not
as...as
与……不一样。
答案 as
14.
Chopsticks
may
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be
made
of
any
of
the
following
materials：bamboo，wood，gold，silver，ivory，or
plastic，and
they
may
be
round
or
square.
解析 考查固定表达。……它们可能是圆形的也可能是方形的。either...or...或者……或者……。
答案 either
15.
Radio
has
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )changed
a
lot
since
we
were
young.It
used
be
the
major
source
of
fun
for
the
family.
解析 考查固定表达。used
to
do
sth过去常常做某事
。收音机过去是家庭获得乐趣的主要方式，但现在已经不是了。
答案 to
16.
Tom：Yes.I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
think
the
underground
is
the
most
convenient
way
to
travel
in
London.
Mary：I
think
，too.
答案 so
17.
Smoking
not
only
does
harm
to
their
health
to
others.
解析 考查固定表达。抽烟不仅对自己的健康也对别人的健康有害。not
only...but
(also)...不仅……，而且……。
答案 but
(also)
18.Caroline：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
think
it
was
interesting.Joyce：
do
I.I
hear
Mike
is
likely
to
win
all
the
prizes
in
the
exams
this
year.
答案 So
19.
To
be
honest，I
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ally
can't
understand
how
people
depend
on
that
way
to
make
friends.It's
kind
of
risky.
解析 考查固定表达。我不理解人们怎么依靠这种方式来交朋友。how
come为什么，怎么会……(那样)。
答案 come
20.
As
far
as
I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
(concern)，my
suggestion
is
that
we
should
always
have
a
notebook
and
a
Chinese－English
dictionary
within
easy
reach.
解析 考查固定表达。as
far
as
...
be
concerned就……而言，根据主谓一致的原则可知要用am
concerned。
答案 am
concerned1．—Shall
we
go
to
the
station
on
foot
—________.
A．That's
right.
B．I'm
afraid
not.
C．Why
not
D．I
think
so.
解析 考查交际用语。句意：——
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们步行去车站好吗？——行啊。A对，正确；B恐怕不行；行啊；为什么不呢？D我认为如此。根据语境可知问句是提出建议，下文要使用回答建议的用语，故选C项。
答案 C
2．—
Are
you
sure
the
delegation
will
come
to
our
school
next
week
—________.The
head
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f
it
has
just
emailed
me
about
the
departure
time
of
their
flight.
A．No
wonder
B.You
bet
C．Don't
mention
it
D.Definitely
not
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 B
3．—Nancy，have
you
gone
over
your
lessons
after
school
—
Not
yet.
—
Please
remember：________.
A．Many
hands
make
light
work
B．Rome
wasn't
built
in
a
day
C．Great
minds
think
alike
D．Make
hay
while
the
sun
shines
解析 考查交际用语。句意：——
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )南茜，放学后你复习功课了吗？——还没有。——请记住，趁热打铁。Many
hands
make
light
work.众人拾柴火焰高；Rome
wasn't
built
in
a
day.罗马非一日建成；Great
minds
think
alike.英雄所见略同；Make
hay
while
the
sun
shines.晒草要趁太阳好，趁热打铁。选D项。
答案 D
4．—I
promise
to
go
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hopping
with
you
if
you
help
me
with
the
housework.
—________You
are
the
last
person
to
keep
a
promise.
A．That's
great!
B．How
come
C.I
don't
agree.
D.Come
off
it!
解析 考查交际用语。句意：—
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—如果你帮助我做家庭作业，我答应和你一起去买东西。——住口吧！你是最不信守诺言的人。A太棒了！B怎么会？C我不同意；D住口，住手。故选D项。
答案 D
5．—Shall
we
go
to
Shanghai
by
plane
—________.
A．It's
your
opinion
B．I
don'
t
mind
C．It's
all
up
to
you
D．That's
your
decision
答案 C
6．—Will
you
please
spare
me
a
few
minutes
now
—________，but
I'll
be
free
in
half
an
hour.
A．No，I
can't
B.Yes，with
pleasure
C．No
problem
D.I'm
afraid
not
解析 考查交际用语。句意：——你现在能
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )腾出几分钟给我吗？——________，但是我半小时后有空。说明是委婉拒绝了，I'm
afraid
not恐怕不能；No，I
can't不，我不能(不够礼貌)；Yes，with
pleasure
是，很乐意；No
problem没问题，都和句意不符，选D项。21世纪教育网
答案 D
7．—Excuse
me，dad，b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut
I'm
going
to
the
club
to
meet
my
friends
in
the
football
team.
—OK.________.
A．Good
luck
B．Congratulations
C.With
pleasure
D.Have
fun
解析 考查交际用语。句意：——对不起，爸
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )爸，我想去俱乐部会见我在足球队的朋友
。——好的，玩得开心点。A祝你好运；B祝贺你；C很高兴帮忙；故选D项(玩得开心点。)
答案 D
8．—Would
you
rather
come
on
Friday
or
Saturday
—________.
A．Yes，of
course
B．The
other
is
better
C．That's
OK
D．Either
would
suit
me
解析 考查交际用语。句意：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )——你想在星期五来还是星期六来？——随便哪一个都可以。A是的，当然；B另外一个更好；C没关系；D随便哪一个都可以；根据句意可知选D项。
答案 D
9．—
I've
nothing
on
me
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
except
this
ten yuan
note
to
donate，I'm
afraid.
—Never
mind.________.We
really
appreciate
your
assistance.
A．Every
little
helps
B．The
more，the
better
C．It's
better
to
give
than
to
receive
D．No
one
is
perfect
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 A
10．—We
need
a
room
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
for
tonight，and
I'd
like
to
take
a
chance
to
check
in
without
reservation.
—Don't
you
know
about
the
jammed
hotels
in
this
season？________.
A．Better
play
it
safe
B．Do
as
you
please
C．No
problem
D．Think
nothing
of
it
解析 考查交际用语。句意：——今天
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )晚上我们需要一个房间。我想碰运气不预定就去登记入住。——难道你不知道在这个季节宾馆很拥挤吗？最好谨慎一点好。A最好稳重行事；B随你便；C没问题；D别放在心上；根据句意说明后者提醒前者要谨慎行事，不要冒险。故选A项。
答案 A
易错起源1、表示劝告、建议或征求对方意见的交际用语
例1．—Sir,
could
I
hand
in
my
homework
a
bit
late
-----
__________,
since
you’ve
been
unwell
these
days.
A.
You
can’t
be
serious
B.
I’m
afraid
not
C.
Good
idea
D.
Well,
all
right
【答案】D
【解析】句意：--老师，我可以
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )迟一些交我的作业吗？--好的，因为你最近一直不舒服。You
can’t
be
serious你一定是开玩笑吧!；I’m
afraid
not恐怕不行；Good
idea好主意；Well，all
right好啊，行。所以选D。
【名师点睛】
在表示劝告、建议或征求对方意见时可用到下列表达方式:
A.表示劝告的句型:
You’d
better(not)...最好(不)……
You
should／ought
to...你应该……
You
need
(to)...你需要……
I
suggest
that...我建议……
B.表示建议的常用句型:
Shall
we...我们……，好吗
Let’s...咱们……吧。
What／How
about... ……怎么样
Why
not... 为什么不……呢
Why
don’t
you... 你为什么不……呢
C.接受劝告或建议的应答语:
That’s
all
right.好的。
All
right.／yes，please.是的。
Certainly.当然。
D.不接受劝告或建议的应答语:
I’m
sorry，but...很抱歉，但是……
I’m
afraid
that...我恐怕……
I’d
like／loveto，but...我想去，但是……
易错起源2、问候、感谢、祝愿及其应答
例2．—
How
is
your
table
tennis
these
days
Still
playing
—______.
I
just
don't
seem
to
find
the
time
these
days.
A.
That's
right
B.
No,
not
much
C
That's
great
D.
Don’t
worry
【答案】B
【名师点睛】
A.表示感谢的常用的语有:
Thank
you(very
much).非常谢谢。
Thanks
a
lot多谢了。
Many
thanks.多谢。
Tanks
for...多谢……
B.应答语:
It’s
very
kind／nice
of
you
to
say
so.你真是太客气了。
Not
at
all.不用谢。
It’s/That’s
all
right。没关系。
You’re
welcome.不用谢。
Don’t
mention
it不用谢。
My
pleasure.不用谢。
C.表示祝愿的常用语:
Good
luck(to
you)!／Best
of
luck
to
you!祝你好运!
I
wish
you
good
luck／success!祝你好运(成功)!
Good
joumey(to
you)!祝你旅途愉快!
Have
a
good
trip!祝你旅途愉快!
Have
a
nice／good
time!祝你玩得愉快!
Happy
New
Year(to
you)!新年愉快!
Merry
Christmas(to
you)!圣诞快乐
I
Happy
birthday
to
you!祝你生日快乐!
All
the
best!祝你万事如意!
My
best
wishes
to
you!
向你致以最美好的祝愿!
D.表示祝贺的常用语:
I’d
like
to
congratulate
you
on....祝贺你……!
Congratulations!祝贺你!
Congratulations
on
you
succss!祝贺你成功!
E.应答语:
Thank
you.谢谢。
The
same
to
you.你也如此。
A.表示感谢的常用的语有:
Thank
you(very
much).非常谢谢。
Thanks
a
lot多谢了。
Many
thanks.多谢。
Tanks
for...多谢……
B.应答语:
It’s
very
kind／nice
of
you
to
say
so.你真是太客气了。
Not
at
all.不用谢。
It’s/That’s
all
right。没关系。
You’re
welcome.不用谢。
Don’t
mention
it不用谢。
My
pleasure.不用谢。
C.表示祝愿的常用语:
Good
luck(to
you)!／Best
of
luck
to
you!祝你好运!
I
wish
you
good
luck／success!祝你好运(成功)!
Good
joumey(to
you)!祝你旅途愉快!
Have
a
good
trip!祝你旅途愉快!
Have
a
nice／good
time!祝你玩得愉快!
Happy
New
Year(to
you)!新年愉快!
Merry
Christmas(to
you)!圣诞快乐
I
Happy
birthday
to
you!祝你生日快乐!
All
the
best!祝你万事如意!
My
best
wishes
to
you!
向你致以最美好的祝愿!
D.表示祝贺的常用语:
I’d
like
to
congratulate
you
on....祝贺你……!
Congratulations!祝贺你!
Congratulations
on
you
succss!祝贺你成功!
E.应答语:
Thank
you.谢谢。
The
same
to
you.你也如此。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
在英语中，表示道歉或遗憾的常用语有:
sorry
pardon
I’m
sorry
for/about...
I’m
sorry
to
do/that...
Excuse
me...
I’m
afraid
that...
其应答方式有:
That’s
all
fight
It
doesn’t
matter
Not
at
all
That’s
nothing
What
a
pity/shame!
易错起源3、特殊场所或情景下的交际用语
例3．
—Jack,
you
seem
excited.
—______
I
won
the
first
prize
in
the
English
speech
contest.
A.
Guess
what
B.
So
what
C.
Pardon
me
D.
Who
cares
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——杰克，你看起来很兴
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )奋。——猜猜看？我在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。A.
Guess
what
猜猜看；B.
So
what那又怎么样；
C.
Pardon
me
请问刚才你说的什么；D.
Who
care谁管它呢。根据句意可知选A。21世纪教育网
【名师点睛】
在英语中，某些特定的情景和场合有其特定的交际方式，结合近几年高考试题，请考生重点关注下列情景下的常用句型:
A.询问天气的常用句型:
What’s
the
weather
like
today
今天天气怎么样
How
is
the
weather
in.. ……的天气怎么样
How
do
you
like
this
weather
你喜欢这种天气吗
What’s
the
temperature
today
今天温度是多少
B.描述天气的常用句型:
It’s
fine／cloudy／windy／rainy...
今天是晴天／多云／雨天……
It’s
gettingcold／warm.
天气变得寒枷有风暖和了。
It’s
rather
warm／cold
today，isn’t
it 今天天气相当暖和／寒冷，是吗
A.营业员常用句型:
①招呼顾客常用语:
What
can
I
do
for
you 您想买点什么
May／Can
I
help
you 您要买点什么
Anything
I
can
do
for
you 您要买点什么
Are
you
being
served 您想买点什么
②帮助顾客用语:
What
size
do
you
wear／take，sir 你穿多大尺寸
的，先生
Do
you
like
this
style 你喜欢这种款式吗
How／What
about
this
size 这个尺寸如何
B.顾客常用句型:
I
want／I’d
like...我想要……
Do
you
sell
children’s... 你们卖儿童的……
Will
you
show
me
some... 你能把……拿给我看看吗
I’m
just
looking，thanks.我只是看看，谢谢。
A.病人常用句型:
There’s
something
wrong
with...
……有点毛病。
I
haven’t
been
feeling
well
recently.最近我感到不舒服。
I’m
not
myself
today.今天我不舒服。
I’ve
got
a
headache.我头痛。
I
feel
terrible.我感到很难受。
I
don’t
feel
well
this
morning.今天早上我感到不舒服。
I’ve
got
a
pain
here.我这儿痛o
B.医生常用句型:
What’s
wrong
with
you ／Waht’s
the
matter／
trouble
you 你怎么了
Where
does
it
hurt 你哪里痛
Let
me
take
your
temperature.我给你量一下体温。
Open
your
mouth
and
say“Ah...”.张开嘴，说“啊”。
How
long
have
you
been
like
this 你像这样有多长时间了
How
are
you
feeling
today 你今天觉得怎么样
A.询问对方业余爱好的常用句型:
What
are
your
hobbies 你的业余爱好是什么
What
do
you
often
do
in
your
free／spare
time
你业余时间经常做什么事
Do
you
ike
drawing／playing
chess 你喜欢绘画／下棋吗
What
are
you
interested
in
after
work 下班后你感兴趣的事情是什么
Do
you
have
any
special
interests
other
than
yourjob
除了工作之外，你有什么特别的爱好吗
What
other
hobbies
have
you
got 你有什么别的爱好吗
Are
you
fond
of
collecting
stamps 你喜欢集邮吗
B.叙述自己的爱好时可选用这些句型:
My
hobby
is...我的业余爱好是……
I
enjoy
watching
TV／listening
to
music.我喜欢看电视/听音乐。
I
find...very
interesting.我发现……很有趣。
I
am
fond
of..我喜欢……
1.—Hello
Jenny,
can
I
see
Ms.
Lewis
—____.
I’ll
tell
you’re
here.
A.
With
pleasure
B.
Never
mind
C.
You’re
welcome
D.
Just
a
minute
【答案】D
2.
---Let’s
go
to
the
New
Year’s
Eve
party,
shall
we
----
I
guess
it
will
be
fun.
A.
Forget
it!
B.
No
way!
C.
Why
not
D.
What
for
【答案】C
【解析】句意：--让我们去新
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )年夜晚会，好吗？---好啊!我想那一定很有趣.Forget
it！“得了，忘了吧！”；No
way！“没门”；Why
not！“好啊！”；What
for？“为什么？”，所以选C。
3.—Why
didn’t
you
invite
John
to
your
birthday
party
—Well,
you
know
he’s
_______
.
A.
an
early
bird
B.
a
wet
blanket
C.
a
lucky
dog
D.
a
tough
nut
【答案】B
【解析】句意：—为什么你
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会？—你知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A项“早起的鸟儿（比喻勤劳的人）”；B项“扫兴的人或物”；C项“幸运儿”；
D项“棘手的事情，难对付的人”。故选B项。
4.—Sorry,
Liz.
I
think
I
was
a
bit
rude
to
you.
—______,
but
don’t
do
that
again!
A.
Go
ahead
B.
Forget
it
C.
It
depends
D.
With
pleasure
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——对不起，Liz。我
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )想刚才我对你有点粗鲁。——算了吧，不过不要再那样做了。A.
Go
ahead
好吧，行啊；B.
Forget
it算了吧，不必在意；
C.
It
depends
那还得看情况了；D.
With
pleasure乐意效劳。根据句意可知选B。
5.—I'm
sorry
for
breaking
the
cup.
—Oh,
________.
I've
got
plenty.(forget
it,
my
pleasure,
help
yourself,
pardon
me)
【答案】forget
it
6.—Jack,
I'd
like
to
have
your
opinions
about
my
written
report.
—________.
But
I
have
one
suggestion.(That's
a
good
idea,
You
are
too
modest,
It
looks
fine
to
me,
You
should
check
it
first)
【答案】It
looks
fine
to
me
【解析】本题考查情景交际。句意
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：“杰克，我想听听你关于我的书面报告的意见。”“________。但是我有个建议。”That's
a
good
idea意为“那是个好主意”；You
are
too
modest意为“你太谦虚了”；It
looks
fine
to
me意为“我觉得看上去不错”；You
should
check
it
first意为“你应该先检查一下”。根据But...可知设空处应该在总体上对该报告予以肯定，然后说出自己的意见。21世纪教育网
7.—Why
not
stay
here
a
little
longer
—________，
but
I
r
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eally
have
to
go.(Never
mind,
I'd
love
to,
Pleased
to
meet
you,
I
can't
find
any
reason)
【答案】I'd
love
to
【解析】本题考查情景交际。句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：“为什么不在这儿再多待一会儿呢？”“
________，但是我确实得走了。”Never
mind意为“不要紧，没关系”；I'd
love
to意为“我想(多待一段时间)”；Pleased
to
meet
you意为“很高兴见到你”；I
can't
find
any
reason意为“我找不到任何理由”。由答语中的连词but可知，前后两个分句之间存在转折关系，but前面的分句应表达“自己愿意再待一会儿”。此题还可以通过would
love
to(主观上愿意)与have
to(客观上不得不)之间存在的对比关系来作为解题的突破口。
8.—________！Somebody
has
left
the
lab
door
open.
—Don't
look
at
me.(Dear
me/
Hi,
there/
Thank
goodness/
Come
on)
【答案】Dear
me
【解析】本题考查情景交际。句意：“____
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____！有人让实验室的门开着。”“别看着我。”Dear
me天哪，表示惊讶；Hi，there用于打招呼；Thank
goodness谢天谢地；Come
on加油，快点儿，得了吧。既然实验室的门没关，自然令人惊讶，故选择表示惊讶的Dear
me。
9.—I
can't
remember
those
grammar
rules!
—________.
Practice
more.(You're
not
alone,
It's
hard
to
say,
I'm
afraid
not,
It's
up
to
you)
【答案】You're
not
alone
【解析】本题考查情景交际。句意：“我记不住那
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )些语法规则！”“________。多练习。”You're
not
alone.
不止你自己这样；It's
hard
to
say.
很难说；I'm
afraid
not.
恐怕不行；It's
up
to
you.
由你决定。根据答语中的关键词Practice
more.
可知空格处是安慰对方“不止你自己这样(You're
not
alone)”。
10.—How
about
dinner
tonight？It's
on
me.
—________.(You
are
welcome/Oh,
I'd
like
to/Well,
I'm
afraid
so/That's
all
right)
【答案】Oh,
I'd
like
to
【解析】本题考查交际用语。“今晚一起去吃
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )饭，怎么样？我请客。”“哦，我愿意去。”You
are
welcome
“不用谢”；Oh，I'd
like
to“哦，我愿意去”；Well,
I'm
afraid
so“哦，恐怕是这样的”；That's
all
right“别客气，没关系”。
11．—I
just
can't
st
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )op
worrying
about
the
school
results
of
the
mid term
examination.
—
________.There
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
nothing
you
can
do
now
but
study
hard，keep
calm
and
do
your
best.
A．Relax
B.Go
ahead
C.Go
for
it
D.Good
luck
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 A
12．—
Will
you
do
me
a
favor
and
pick
me
up
tonight
—
________.
A．My
pleasure
B.With
pleasure
C.Go
ahead
D．Don'
t
bother
解析 考查交际用语。句意：—
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—今天晚上帮个忙接我好吗？——非常乐意。My
pleasure别客气；With
pleasure乐意地；Go
ahead好吧，前进；Don't
bother不打扰了。故选B项。
答案 B
13．—
Do
you
mind
if
I
play
some
rock
music
now，Peter
—________Andy
is
sleeping
now.
A．Sorry，I'd
rather
you
didn't
B．You
are
not
allowed
here
C．Great!
I
love
music
D．No，you
can't
答案 A
14．—Nowadays
children
are
bearing
too
heavy
a
learning
burden.
—________.So
much
homework
do
they
have
to
do
that
they
almost
have
no
time
for
other
activities.
A．So
what？
B．It
cannot
be
better
C.Good
idea
D.I
cannot
agree
more
解析 考查交际用语。句意
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：——现在孩子们正在承受太重的学习负担。——我非常赞同。太多的家庭作业使得他们几乎没有时间进行其它的活动。So
what？那又怎么样；It
cannot
be
better再好不过了；Good
idea好主意；I
cannot
agree
more我非常赞同，根据语境，可知选D项。
答案 D
15．—Tony
said
he
could
fix
my
bicycle，but
I
really
doubt
it.
—________.He's
very
good
at
this
sort
of
thing.
A．Don't
worry
B．I
couldn't
agree
more
C．Of
course
D．A
piece
of
cake
解析 考查交际用语。句意：——托尼说他
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能修好我的自行车，但我真的很怀疑。——不要担心。他很擅长这类事情。Don't
worry不要担心；I
couldn't
agree
more我完全同意；Of
course
当然；
A
piece
of
cake小菜一碟，轻松的事。第一个人怀疑托尼修不好他的自行车；第二个人说托尼擅长修自行车，应不用担心。故选A项。
答案 A
16．—Jenny，I
think
I'll
just
have
some
coffee
for
a
change.
—________.The
coffee
I
bought
yesterday
is
in
the
cupboard.
A．Change
it，please
B．Never
mind
C．With
pleasure
D．Help
yourself
解析 考查交际用语。句意：——J
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enny我想换成咖啡。——请便。昨天我买的咖啡在橱柜里。Change
it，please不符合英语习惯；Never
mind
没关系；With
pleasure很乐意；help
yourself自便。选D项。
答案 D
17．—Elle，________，but
your
radio
is
going
too
loud.
—Oh，I'm
sorry.I'll
turn
it
down
right
now.
A．I'd
like
to
talk
with
you
B．I'm
really
tired
of
this
C．I
hate
to
say
it
D．I
need
your
help
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 C
18．—Don't
forget
to
return
the
book
on
time.
—________.
A．Really
B．My
pleasure
C．Got
it
D．That's
all
right
解析 考查交际用语。句意：——别
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )忘了及时归还书。——知道了。Really真的；My
pleasure不用谢；Got
it知道了；That's
all
right没关系，选C项。21世纪教育网
答案 C
19．—I
really
thought
I'd
be
offered
the
job.
—Oh，well，________，Clark.
A．you
are
right
B．best
wishes
C．congratulations
D．better
luck
next
time
解析 考查交际用语。句意：——我真的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以为我被提供了这份工作。——好的，下次好运吧！A你是对的；B祝福你；C祝贺你！D下次好运！根据前一句可知实际上他并没有得到这份工作。故第二句表示祝愿对方下次好运。故选D项。
答案 D
20．—With
so
much
work
to
do，I
don't
think
I
can
take
it
any
more.
—________.Things
will
get
better.
A．Don't
act
like
a
baby.
B．Nothing
is
serious.
C．Hang
in
there.
D．Don't
be
silly.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 C1.
He
was
very
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
tired
after
doing
this
for
a
whole
day，
he
felt
very
happy
since
the
crop
did
“grow”
higher.
解析 考查并列连词。根据句中的very
tired和very
happy可知，前后两分句之间是转折关系，故填连词but。
答案 but
2.
For
example，t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elevision
sets
need
not
be
played
at
full
volume
(音量)
loud
pop
music
should
not
be
played
very
late
at
night.
解析 考查并列连词。比如，电视机不必开到最大音量，并且响亮的流行音乐不应当晚上放到很晚。这里前后句之间为并列关系，故用连词and。21世纪教育网
答案 and
3.
you
don't
mind，I'll
stop
and
take
a
deep
breath.
答案 If
4.
the
areas
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )used
for
playing
fields
are
often
rough
and
rocky，millions
of
real
balls
go
flat
(变瘪)
within
24
hours.
解析 考查原因状语从句的引导词。根
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据语境可知，“他们用于踢球的地方，常常是崎岖的，多石的”是“球变瘪”的原因，表直接原因要用because。
答案 Because
5.
But
the
rive
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
wasn't
changed
in
a
few
days
even
a
few
months.
解析 考查并列连词。河流在几天或甚至几个月之后没有多大的改善。否定句中通常要用or代替and。
答案 or
6.
It
will
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
great
you
can
tell
me
some
information
about
chopsticks，such
as
their
origin
and
the
materials
they
are
made
from.
解析 考查条件状语从句。如果你能告诉我
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们一些关于筷子的信息就太好了，比如它的起源和制作材料。you
can
tell
me
some
information
about
chopsticks为条件状语从句。
答案 if
7.
Why
didn't
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you
tell
me
the
truth
I
booked
the
ticket，you
promised
to
drive
non－stop
from
Aye
to
Norwich.
解析 考查时间状语从句。这里表示在我订票之前或订票时，你许诺中途不停。
答案 Before/
When
8.
I
hate
to
say
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his，
they
behaved
impolitely
towards
us
customers.Could
you
do
something
about
this
解析 考查连词。交际用语I
hate
to
say
this，but...。此处为固定表达。
答案 but
9.
Maybe
you
ar
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
right.But
our
government
allows
college
graduates
to
borrow
money
from
banks
maybe
some
can
get
money
from
their
parents.
解析 考查连词。我们的政府允许大学毕业生从银行贷款，也可以从父母那里得到资助。前后两个句子之间为顺承关系。
答案 and
10.
we'll
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be
walking
for
almost
two
weeks，I'll
need
to
buy
a
large，strong，light
backpack
in
advance
to
carry
my
supplies
of
food
and
water.
答案 Since
易错起源1、时间状语从句和原因状语从句的运用
例1．The
meaning
of
the
word“nice”changed
a
few
times
it
finally
came
to
include
the
sense“pleasant”.
解析 考查时间状语从句。句意：
“ni
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce”的含义改变了好几次，最终才包含了“pleasant(愉快的)”这层含义。当表达“还没来得及……就……”时，须用连词before。
答案 before
【名师点睛】
使用时间状语从句时要注意下列几个词:
as，while，When
as强调两个动作同时进行，动作通常是延续性的，且表示“一边……一边”；还可表示“随着时叵的推移”。例:
He
always
sings
as
he
walks.
As
time
went
on,his
theory
proved
to
be
correct.
when引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，有时还表示“就在那时”。例:
When
the
teacher
came
in,
the
students
were
reading
aloud.
When
he
stayed
in
America,
he
learned
a
lot
of
English.
We
were
about
to
set
out
when
it
began
to
rain.
while在……期间，引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重主从句的动作同时发生；有时while还表示转折关系“而”。例:
While
his
mo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther
was
cooking
in
the
kitchen,
the
little
boy
fell
asleep
in
the
chair.
He
is
a
worker,while
his
sister
is
a
doctor.
原因状语从句的引导词有:as
because,since,now
that
等。
如:Now
that
you
are
all
here,let’s
reach
a
decision.
注意，for是并列连词，引导的是并列句，对前述内容作补充性说明。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
时间状语从句的引导词有:whe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n，while，as，
every
time，the
moment，hardly...when，no
sooner...than等。
易错起源2、条件状语从句和结果状语从句的正确运用
例2．I
believe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
you
will
have
a
wonderful
time
here
you
get
to
know
everyone
else.
答案 once
【名师点睛】
结果状语从句的引导词有:so...that，such...that应该正确使用so和such
(1)so
+
adj.／adv.／分词
+
that...
(2)so
+
adj
+
a
+
可数名词单数
+
that...
(3)so
+
many／few／litt
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le/much
+
名词
+
that...
此处many／few／little／much是表示数量的形容词。
(4)such
+
a
+
adj.
+
单数可数名词
+
that...
(5)such
+
adj.+
可数名词复数或不可数名词
+
that...例:
The
boy
is
so
young
that
he
can’t
go
to
school.
He
is
such
a
young
boy
that
he
can’t
go
to
school.
He
is
so
young
a
boy
that
he
can’t
go
to
school.
He
made
such
rapid
progress
that
he
was
praised
by
his
mother.
Soon
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
were
so
many
deer
that
they
ate
up
all
the
wild
roses.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
条件状语从句的引导词有:if，unles
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s，as
long
as，so
long
as，on
condtion
that等。
易错起源3、让步状语从句和方式状语从句的运用
例3．(2015·安徽，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )23)
scientists
have
learned
a
lot
about
the
universe,
there
is
much
we
still
don't
know.
答案 Though
【名师点睛】
由“no
matter+疑问词”和“疑问词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )+ever”引
导的让步状语从句可互换。例:
No
matter
what
happened,
he
wouldn’t
mind.
=
Whatever
happened,
he
wouldn’t
mind.
注意:“on
matter
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词+ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例:Whoever
comes
will
be
welcomed.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
让步状语从句的引导词有:though，although，
as，even
if，even
though，
疑问词
+
ever，no
matter
+
疑问词，方式状语从句的引导词有：as，as
if，as
though。
1.
It
is
so
cold
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you
can't
go
outside
fully
covered
inthick
clothes.
解析 句意：外面很冷，如果你不穿着厚衣服的话
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )你不能出去。unless
除非，如果不。该题实际上也考查了状语从句的省略，其完整形式为
unless
you
are
fully...21世纪教育网
答案 unless
2.
the
job
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )takes
a
significant
amount
of
time,
most
students
agree
that
the
experience
is
worth
it.
解析 句意：虽然这项工作花费大
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )量的时间，但是大部分的学生认为这次经历是值得的。although/though虽然，符合句意。
答案 Although/Though
3.
You
won't
fin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
paper
cutting
difficult
long
as
you
keep
practicing
it.
解析 句意：只要你坚持练习剪纸，你就不会觉得剪纸难了。as/so
long
as只要，符合句意。
答案 as/so
4.
the
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )amage
is
done,
it
will
take
many
years
for
the
farmland
to
recover.
解析 句意：一旦造成损害，要花费许多年的时间耕地才能恢复。once一旦，符合句意。
答案 Once
5.
Just
a
single
word
can
change
the
meaning
of
a
sentence,
a
single
sentence
can
change
the
meaning
of
a
paragraph.
解析 句意：正如一个单词可以改变句子的意义一样，一个句子也可以改变一段的意义。just
as正如，正像，符合句意。
答案 as
6.
If
you
miss
this
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chance,
it
may
be
years
you
get
another
one.
解析 句意：如果你错过这次机会，可能得过好几年你才能再得到机会。before
“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句。
答案 before
7.
There
is
only
one
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more
day
to
go
your
favorite
music
group
play
live.
答案 before
8.
We
need
to
get
to
the
root
of
the
problem
we
can
solve
it.
解析 句意：我们需要找到问题的根源后才能
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解决它。考查时间状语从句。根据逻辑关系可知，“找到问题的根源”在“解决问题”之前发生。
答案 before
9.
he
on
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce
felt
like
giving
up,
he
now
has
the
determination
to
push
further
and
keep
on
going.
解析 句意：在他曾经想放弃的地方，他现在有推动进一步的决心并且继续前进。
考查状语从句连接词。
答案 Where
10.
the
students
came
from
different
countries,
they
got
along
quite
well
in
the
summer
camp.
解析 句意：尽管那些学生
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营时相处得很好。考查状语从句的连接词。while置于句首，有“尽管”的含义，表示让步。
答案 While
11.
John
faile
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
in
the
exam，
he
had
prepared
a
lot
for
it
before.
解析 考查让步状语从句。约翰考试失败了，尽管他之前做了很多准备工作。前后分句表示转折关系。
答案 although/though
12.
the
merchant
faced
some
problems，he
always
turned
to
his
second
wife
and
she
would
always
help
him
out.
解析 考查时间状语从句。当他遇到问题时/无论何时他一遇到问题，他总是向他的第二个妻子求助而且她总能帮他解决问题。
答案 When/Whenever
13.
All
my
children
were
are
now
a
great
joy
of
my
life.
答案 and
14.Mary's
mother
doesn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t
allow
her
to
go
anywhere
outside
the
town
another
member
of
the
family
is
along.
解析 考查条件状语从句。玛丽的母亲不允许她去镇外的地方，除非有家里其他人跟着一起。unless除非，引导条件状语从句。21世纪教育网
答案 unless
15.
we
pe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rsist
in
this
practice，gradually
we'll
learn
how
to
express
ourselves
in
English.
解析 考查条件状语从句的引导词。如果我们坚持这一行为，逐渐地我们就学会了如何用英语进行表达。根据句意可知此处为一种假设。
答案 If
16.
China
produces
Oolong，black，green，white，yellow
dark
tea.
解析 考查并列连词。此处and连接的是并列宾语。
答案 and
17.
We
have
organized
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sports
competitions
and
we
have
even
made
a
video.
it
isn't
all
just
enjoyment.
解析 考查并列连词。根据前面的s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ports
competitions和a
video可知，与“不都是娱乐活动”之间为转折关系，故要用but。
答案 But
18.
Nowadays
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )when
you
turn
on
the
radio，you
either
hear
music，a
talk
show
news.
解析 考查并列连词。现在当你打开收音机，你或听音乐、脱口秀或新闻。either...or...或者……或者……。
答案 or
19.Mr.Gates
was
only
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )21
years
old
he
first
helped
to
set
up
the
company
in
1976.
答案 when
20.
Caroline：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
he
practices
singing，he
will
become
a
singer
in
the
future.
Joyce：Not
all
people
can
become
a
singer.
解析 考查条件状语从句的引导词。句意：如果他一直练习下去，他就会成为一个歌手。if引导条件状语从句。
答案 If1.The
universit
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
started
some
new
language
programs
to
cater
the
country's
Silk
Road
Economic
Belt.
【解析】句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。固定表达cater
for
迎合，满足所需。21世纪教育网
【答案】for
2.
The
whole
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eam
count
Cristiano
Ronaldo,
and
he
seldom
lets
them
down.
【解析】句意：整个团队依靠Cristians
Ronaldo，他很少让他们失望。固定表达count
on依靠，指望。
【答案】on
3.
Many
of
the
things
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we
now
benefit
from
would
not
be
around
but
Thomas
Edison.
【解析】句意：如果没有托马斯·爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。but
for如果没有的话。
【答案】for
4.
Have
you
ever
hear
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
of
the
trees
that
are
homes
animals
both
on
land
and
sea
【答案】to
5.
Most
people
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )work
because
it's
unavoidable.
contrast,
there
are
some
people
who
actually
enjoy
work.
【解析】句意：大多数人工作是因为无法避免，相比之下，也有一些人真的喜欢工作。固定表达by
contrast相比之下。
【答案】By
6.
We
tend
to
have
a
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etter
memory
for
things
that
excite
our
senses
or
appeal
our
emotions
than
for
straight
facts.
【解析】句意：我们倾向于对令感官兴奋的或吸引我们情感的东西记忆深刻。固定表达appeal
to对……有吸引力。
【答案】to
7.
These
comments
came
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
in
response
specific
questions
often
asked
by
local
newsmen.
【解析】句意：这些解释是对当地记者经常询问的特定问题的回应。固定表达in
response
to作为对……的回答，作为对……的反应。
【答案】to
8.
This
meeti
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
room
is
a
non－smoking
area.I
would
like
to
warn
you
advance
that
if
you
smoked
here
you
would
be
fined.
【解析】句意：这个会议室是禁烟区。我想提前警告你，如果你吸烟，你会被罚款的。固定表达in
advance预先，提前。
【答案】in
9.
Last
year
was
the
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )armest
year
on
record,
with
global
temperature
0.68
℃
the
average.
【解析】句意：去年是有记录以来最热
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的一年，比全球平均气温高0.68度。above
高于，在……之上，符合句意。
【答案】above
10.
The
little
pupi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l
took
his
grandma
the
arm
and
walked
her
across
the
street.
【答案】by
易错起源1、介词辨析
例1．Last
year
was
the
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )armest
year
on
record,
with
global
temperature
0.68
℃____
the
average.
A.
below
B.
on
C.
at
D.
above
【答案】D
【解析】句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。With
的宾语global
temperature
，宾语补足above
the
average。
【变式探究】September
30
is
the
day
______
which
you
must
pay
your
bill.
A.
by
B.
for
C.
with
D.
in
【答案】A
【解析】介词by到…时为止；
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )通过；for为了，因为；with和…；in在…里面；句义：你必须在9月30日这一天之前付账单的。根据句义可知本句中的by表示到…时为止。故A正确。
【名师点睛】
一、表示时间的介词
1．in，on，at，over
(1)in表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如：
in
the
1950s，in
1989，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in
summer，
in
January，in
one's
thirties，in
the
morning等。
(2)on表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。如：
on
May
1st，on
Monday，on
a
cold
night
in
January,
on
a
fine
morning等。
(3)at表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间，也泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如：
at
3：20，at
this
time
of
year，at
Christmas，at
night，at
this
moment等。
(4)over后面接一段时间，表示“超过……”或“在……期间”。如：
David
Crum,
the
CEO
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of
Geldart
Software,
announced
that
the
corporation
would
open
three
branches
in
Bangkok
over
the
next
several
months.
(5)在last，next，this，that，some，every等词之前一律不用介词。如：
He
went
to
Japan
last
year.
We
meet
every
day.
2．in，after
(1)“in＋一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后。如：
My
mother
will
come
back
in
three
or
four
days.
(2)“after＋一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。如：
He
arrived
after
five
months.
(3)“after＋具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如：
She
will
appear
after
five
o'clock
this
afternoon.
The
rain
began
to
fall
after
seven.
3．from，since，for
(1)from后接具体时间，说明从什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如：
I
hope
to
do
morning
exercises
from
today.
(2)since后接具体过去时间，表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。如：
We
have
not
seen
each
other
since
2010.
(3)for后接一段时间，通常与完成时连用。如：
I
have
been
in
the
army
for
5
years.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
二、表示地点方位的介词
1．at，in，on，to
(1)at表示在小地方或“在……附近；在……旁边”。如：
He
arrived
at
the
station
at
ten.
He
is
sitting
at
the
desk.
(2)in表示在大地方或“在……范围之内”。如：
He
arrived
in
Shanghai
yesterday.
Shandong
lies
in
the
east
of
China.
(3)on表示毗邻或接壤。如：
Russia
lies
on
the
north
of
China.
(4)to表示“在……范围外”，不强调是否接壤。如：
Japan
is
to
the
east
of
China.
2．above，over，on
(1)above意为“在……上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直，与below相对。如：
The
bird
is
flying
above
my
head.
(2)over意为“在……之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。如：
There
is
a
bridge
over
the
river.
(3)on意为“在……之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：
He
put
his
watch
on
the
desk.
2．above，over，on
(1)above意为“在……上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直，与below相对。如：
The
bird
is
flying
above
my
head.
(2)over意为“在……之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。如：
There
is
a
bridge
over
the
river.
(3)on意为“在……之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：
He
put
his
watch
on
the
desk.
易错起源2、考查介词短语辨析
例2.
These
comme
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts
came
specific
questions
often
asked
by
local
newsmen.
A.
in
memory
of
B.
in
response
to
C.
in
touch
with
D.
in
possession
of
【答案】B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【变式探究】What
we
expect
from
you
is
working
hard
hardly
working.
A.
less
than
B.
rather
than
C.
as
well
as
D.
as
much
as
【答案】B
【解析】介词动词less
than少于…；
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rather
than而不是…；as
well
as…和…同…也…并；as
much
as…多达…；句义：我们对你的期待是努力工作而不是几乎不工作。根据句义说明B正确。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。
1．名词词组：如on
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
contrary相反；in
turn依次；in
one's
opinion根据某人的看法；on
time准时；out
of
reach够不着
2．动词词组：如remind
sb
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).
of
sth.提醒某人某事；rob
sb.
of
sth.抢劫某人的……；result
from由……引起；call
at访问(某地)
3．形容词词组：如be
cur
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ious
about对……好奇；be
proud
of因……而自豪；be
popular
with受到……的欢迎
4．介词短语：如apart
fro
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m除……之外；in
addition
to除……之外(还)；because
of因为；instead
of代替；in
fear
of为……提心吊胆；for
fear
of以免；in
case
of防备，万一；thanks
to由于；in
the
middle
of在……中间according
to根据；in
front
of在……前面；in
return
for作为对……的回报；in
charge
of负责；as
a
result
of作为……的结果；in
exchange
for与……交换等。
易错起源3、考查介词或介词短语的用法
例3、_______A
common
mem
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ory
they
all
have
their
school
days
is
the
school
uniform.
A.
of
B.
on
C.
to
D.
with
【答案】A
【解析】考察介词辨析。A.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of表示关于，表示从属关系；B.on表示在…之上；C.to表示对于；D.with表示和…在一起。该句意思为：他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。故选A
21世纪教育网
【变式探究】Check
carrots
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
potatoes,
onions
and
any
other
vegetables
______
and
immediately
use
or
throw
away
any
which
show
signs
of
rotting.
A.
in
demand
B.
in
store
C.
on
loan
D.
on
sale
【答案】B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【名师点睛】
三、表示运动方向的介词
1．across，over，through
(1)across表示从物体表面穿过，与on有关。如：
across
the
playground/square/desert/river
(2)over表示动作是在空中进行的。如：
He
jumped
over
the
wall.
(3)through表示从物体里面穿过，与in有关。也可表示时间，指“(从开始到结束)经历了……”。如：
through
the
pipe/forest/door
We
work
hard
all
through
the
year.
2．in，into
(1)in通常表示静态，意为“在……里面”。如：
We
walked
in
the
park.
我们在公园里走着。
(2)into通常表示动态，意为“进入到……里面”。如：
We
walked
into
the
park.
我们走进了公园。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
四、表示原因的介词
1．for表示原因时，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用。如：
I
am
sorry
for
what
I
said
to
you.
2．at表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到……而……”。如：
He
was
surprised
at
the
news.
3．from常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。如：
He
died
from
the
wound.
4．of多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等。如：
The
old
man
died
of
hunger.
5．with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如：
Hearing
the
news,
he
jumped
with
joy.
He
was
shaking
with
anger.
6．by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如：
She
took
your
umbrella
by
mistake.
她错拿了你的雨伞。
7．over一般用于cry，weep，laugh等带有感彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因。如：
She
wept
over
the
death
of
her
daughter.
We
laughed
over
the
victory.
8．because
of表示引起结果的直接原因。如：
He
retired
last
month
because
of
his
illness.
9．thanks
to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常意为“幸亏……，多亏……”。如：
Thanks
to
John,
we
won
the
game.
1.
Jane
stopp
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
where
a
small
crowd
of
men
had
gathered.She
found
some
good
quality
pipes
sale.
【解析】考查介词搭配。她发现一些优质的烟斗在出售中。固定短语on
sale出售，廉价出售。
【答案】on
2.But
Mr.Fox
hope
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
his
new
invention
will
offer
a
solution
these
villages
without
a
local
shop.
【解析】考查介词搭配。福克斯先生希望这个新
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的发明能给没有商店的村子提供一个解决的方法。固定表达offer
sth
to
sb
向某人提供某物。
【答案】to
3.
When
Jane
got
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
home，with
her
small
but
well－chosen
present
in
her
bag，her
parents
were
already
table
having
supper.
【答案】at
4.He
was
very
tired
doing
this
for
a
whole
day.
【解析】考查介词。“他感到累”应是“在辛
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )辛苦苦干了一整天之后”，表示“在……之后”要用介词after。另外，表示“因做某事而累”也可用be
tired
from/with
doing来表示，故也可填from/with。
【答案】after/from/with
5.
Going
to
colle
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge
helps
build
a
strong
mind，which
leads
greater
success
in
one's
life.
【解析】考查介词搭配。这能够导致人生中更大的成功。固定短语lead
to导致。
【答案】to
6.Respect
is
very
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
important
home，at
school，and
everywhere
you
go.
【解析】考查固定搭配。at
home在家。
【答案】at
7.
First，some
of
us
are
upset
their
body
styles
and
looks.
【解析】考查固定搭配。我们中的一些人对自己的体型和长相感到非常失望。be
upset
about对……感到沮丧/难过。
【答案】about
8.
The
spirit
then
adv
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ised
them
to
wrap
the
rice
and
bind
it
throwing
it
into
the
river.
【解析】考查介词。“将它裹好、绑好”应是在“将粽子扔进河里”之前。
【答案】before
9.
the
fi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rst
college
graduate
out
of
a
remote
village，my
success
set
an
example
for
my
folks.
【解析】考查介词。作为第一个从山村里走出来的大学生，我的成功给我的同胞树立了榜样。as作为。
【答案】As
10.Brianna
said
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
every
day
she
would
walk
into
kindergarten
and
see
a
smile
my
face.
【答案】on
11.
According
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
Jack，there
are
eight
boys
in
his
class
who
failed，
(include)
himself
and
Scott.
【解析】考查介词。根据杰克的话，班里有八个男生不及格，包括他自己和斯科特。including包括，包含。
【答案】including
21世纪教育网
12.
Some
cho
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )psticks
are
decorated
colored
pictures.
【解析】考查固定搭配。一些筷子用彩色的图画装饰。be
decorated
with由……装饰。
【答案】with
13.
We
are
going
to
travel
on
camels
the
Sahara
Desert.
【解析】考查介词。我们将骑骆驼穿过撒哈拉沙漠。through通过。
【答案】through
14.I
turned
the
guides
for
help，but
they
were
impatient.
【解析】考查固定搭配。turn
to
sb.for
help向某人寻求帮助。
【答案】to
15.
I
had
no
idea
yo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u
were
coming，but
I
am
certainly
glad
to
see
you.I
was
feeling
very
nervous
about
going
there
friends.
【解析】考查介词。没有朋友一起去，我会很紧张的。without没有。
【答案】without
16.They
expect
answers
to
get
them
back
their
feet
again.
【解析】考查介词搭配。on
one's
feet站立，get
sb
back
on
one's
feet跌倒后再爬起来。
【答案】on
17.
That
is
true
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or
me，but
I
know
that
my
husband
listens
to
the
radio
while
he
is
working
home.
【解析】考查介词搭配。我丈夫在家工作时听收音机。at
home在家。
【答案】at
18.
“Thank
you
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，sir.And
God
bless
you.”the
grateful
child
said
to
him
and
then
pushed
his
brother
down
the
sidewalk
their
home.
【解析】考查介词。这个感激的男孩感谢了他，然后推着他的哥哥朝家里走去。表示“向，朝”要用介词toward(s)。
【答案】toward(s)
19.
James
Watt
would
n
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot
have
made
the
steam
engine
his
curiosity
about
the
rising
of
the
kettle
lid.
【解析】考查介词。没有对烧水时被顶起来的壶盖的好奇心，詹姆斯·瓦特也就不会发明蒸汽机。without没有或but
for要不是。
【答案】without/but
for
20.
I
will
go
to
Liverpool
business
tomorrow
morning.
【答案】on1.
The
TV
Dwelling
Na
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rrowness(《蜗居》)is
really
fantastic.The
show
has
succeeded
in
(get
across)
much
to
the
audience，which
has
contributed
to
its
success.
【解析】句意：电视剧《蜗居》真
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的很吸引人。它成功地和观众产生共鸣，这促进了它的成功。get
across使……被理解。放在介词后的应为动名词。21世纪教育网
【答案】getting
across
2.Considering
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
health，I
advise
him
to
(set
aside)
an
hour
or
two
each
day
to
work
out.
【答案】set
aside
3.
Mary
often
does
som
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
translation
work
to
earn
extra
money，which
(accout
for)
half
of
her
income.
【解析】句意：玛丽经常做些翻译工作来赚取外快，这占了她收入的一半。account
for是……的原因；解释，说明；(在数量上、比例上)占。
【答案】accounts
for
4.
“Judging
the
voic
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e,
and
not
the
appearance”
makes
the
show—The
Voice
of
China
(stand
out)
from
the
numerous
other
reality
shows
in
China.
【解析】stand
out意思“引人注目”。句意：“判断声音而不是外貌”使得《中国好声音》在中国众多真人秀节目中引人注目。
【答案】stand
out
5.
I
don't
know
why
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
(break
off)
in
the
middle
of
a
sentence.
【解析】broke
off
中断，突然停止。句意：我不知道他为什么话只说了一半就停止。
【答案】broke
off
6.He
was
abo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut
to
do
his
homework
when
an
unusual
noise
(arrest)
his
attention.
【解析】句意：他刚要做作业，这时一个不寻常的声音吸引了他的注意力。
【答案】arrested
7.It
is
bad
manners
to
(拒绝)
an
invitation
without
a
reason.
【解析】句意：无故拒绝邀请是不礼貌的。turn
down拒绝。
【答案】turn
down
8.
Fully
(absor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )b)
in
preparing
for
the
coming
exam，she
no
longer
has
time
to
enjoy
the
various
activities
in
her
neighborhood.
【解析】句意：她完全聚精会神地准备即将到来的考试，所以她没有时间在社区参加各种各样的活动。absorbed聚精会神。
【答案】absorbed
9.He
was
drivi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
home
on
the
highway
last
night
when
a
policeman
stopped
him
and
(accuse)
him
of
speeding.
【解析】句意：昨晚，他在公路上开车回家，这时一个警察让他停下，指控他超速驾驶。accuse
of是固定用法，意思是指控。
【答案】accused
10.
That
hero
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )who
died
in
the
war
was
so
brave
that
he
never
(give
in)
to
the
enemies
until
death.
【答案】gave
in
易错起源1、考查动词辨析
例1．Much
as
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
________he
has
a
good
command
of
English，he
sometimes
feels
it
hard
to
find
an
appropriate
version
for
some
Chinese
idioms.
A．announces
B．declares
C．claims
D．confirms
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。此
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )处announces通知；declares宣布；claims
声明；
confirms证实。句意：虽然他承认自己掌握了英语，但有时他感到找到汉语的合适的英语翻译很难。根据句意选D项。
【答案】D
【变式探究】Try
not
to
coug
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h
more
than
you
can
________
since
it
may
cause
problems
to
your
lungs.
A.
check
B．allow
C．stop
D．help
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。考生
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )需掌握短语more
than
one
can
help的意思
“尽量不”，故正确答案是D项。句意：尽量不要咳嗽，因为这会给你的肺带来问题。
【名师点睛】
高考常考的几组动词词义辨析
1．injure，hurt，wound，destroy
injure
一般指在意外事故中受伤
hurt
是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害
wound
常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害
destroy
一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”
I
didn't
want
to
hurt
his
feelings.
我不想伤害他的感情。
He
was
wounded
in
the
battle.
他在战斗中负过伤。
2．beat，hit，strike，defeat，win
beat
表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“打败，胜过”
hit
表示对准目标打一下，强调击中
strike
表示突然性或一次性的击打
defeat
(＝beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体
win
是“(在……中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名词
Our
team
beat
the
American
team
by
eight.
我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。
She
hit
him
out
of
anger.
她生气地打了他一下。
The
tower
was
struck
by
lightning.
该塔被闪电击中了。
He
defeated
all
the
other
participants
and
won
the
prize.
他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】adopt，attach，adapt，adjust的区别
adopt
vt.
采取，采纳；收养，领养
attach
vt.
把……附(在……上)；重视attach
much
importance
to...
非常重视……
adapt
vt.
适应；adapt
oneself
to
适应于
adjust
vt.
适应，调整；adjust
oneself
to
适应于
This
kind
of
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esk
can
be
adjusted
to
the
height
you
need;
besides,
it
is
not
expensive
at
all.
这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。
Recently,
to
mai
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntain
national
balance,
the
Chinese
government
has
adopted
a
policy
of
encouraging
college
graduates
to
take
positions
in
rural
areas.
为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。
Parents
attach
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )much
importance
to
education.
They
will
do
their
best
to
give
their
children
that
priceless
gift.
父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠
易错起源2、考查动词短语的用法和意义
例2．Body
language
can
give
a
lot
about
your
mood，so
standing
with
your
arm
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
folded
can
send
out
a
signal
that
you
are
being
defensive.
【答案】away
【名师点睛】
多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。
以下为常见短语动词
:
一、动词
+
介词/副词
短语
例句
Act
on照……行事
He
acts
on
principles.
answer
for对……负责
You
will
answer
for
what
you’ve
done.
Arm...against带武器以防
He
armed
himself
against
wild
animals.
agree
with同意(某人)
I
agree
with
her.
agree
to同意(建议等)
They
agreed
to
the
proposal.
apree
on(in)同意商定(问题，条件等)
They
agreed
on
the
question.
arrive
at／in到达(某地)
He
arrived
in
Nanjing
at
five
o’clock
yesterday
mornring.
Atm
at
瞄准
He
aimed
the
gun
at
the
bird.
Ask
after
问候
My
fater
asked
after
you.
Ask
for
请求
The
boy
asked
for
more
food.
borrow．．．from从……借来
He
borrowed
a
like
from
Mary.
believe
in
信任
We
all
believe
in
her.
belong
to
属于
The
house
belongs
to
me.
burst
into突然……起来
She
burst
into
tears
at
the
news.
begin
at从(页)开始
Today
we
shall
begin
at
page
40.
Babe...on
根据
he
based
the
conclusion
on
experiments.
beat
about
the
bush绕弯子
Tell
me
the
truth.
Don’t
beat
about
the
bush.
Consist
of由……组成
The
society
consists
of
five
members.
congratulate……on祝贺
We
congratulated
her
on
winning
the
contest.
come
to
an
end
结束
The
talk
come
to
an
end
at
ten.
compare．．．to
把……比作
He
compared
the
young
to
the
rising
sun.
compare．．．with同……相比
She
compared
the
blue
pen
with
the
red
pen.
carebr喜欢；照料
He
doesn’t
care
for
playing
football.
Change．．．for用……交换
He
changed
his
radio
for
a
recorder.
ChanSe
from．．．to从……转到
She
changed
from
team
A
to
team
B.
clear
up
放晴
The
weather
cleared
up
in
the
afternoon.
come
across偶然碰到
I
came
across
an
old
friend
in
the
street.
come
into想出；进入
An
idea
suddenly
came
into
my
mind.
ca11
up
打电话
I
shall
call
her
up
soon.
Csll
for
叫(人)
He
will
call
for
you
in
the
evening.
call
for
为……叫喊
He
heard
someone
calling
for
help.
cdll
on
访问(某人)
She
will
call
on
a
friend
on
Sunday.
cdll
on
号召
The
Party
called
on
us
to
study
hard.
Cure...of
治愈
Fhe
medicine
cured
him
of
his
pain.
depend
on
依靠
He
depended
on
his
mother
in
life.
disagree
with与……意见不同
He
disagreed
with
her
over
the
plan.
Die
of
因……病、饥饿等而死
The
man
died
of
cancer.
Die
from
因……伤、意外等而死
The
died
man
died
from
a
serious
wound.
Die
for
为……而死
He
died
for
the
people.
devote
to把……用于
she
devoted
all
her
money
to
huvine
books.
enged
in
从事，忙于
He
is
engaged
in
writing
new
book.
End
with以……结束
The
party
ended
with
dancing.
fail
in在……失败
She
failed
in
winning
the
game.
find
out查明
He
has
not
found
out
the
trouble
yet.
give
up
放弃
Never
give
up
hope.
give
over克服，渡过
You’ll
soon
get
over
your
shyness.
Get
on(／off)
上车(／下车)
She
got
on
the
bus
at
Gulou
Square.
Get
on进展
He
is
getting
on
well
in
the
work.
Get
ready
for准备好
He
has
got
ready
for
the
journey.
Get
in
收进
The
peasants
got
in
the
wheat
in
May.
grow
up
长大，发展
The
children
have
already
grown
up.
give
in
投降(让步)
They
gave
in
at
last.
Get
up
起床
She
gets
up
early
every
morning.
Go
on
继续
The
meeting
went
on
deep
into
the
night.
go
all
out
竭尽全力
They
went
all
out
to
build
the
airport.
So
through通过；细察
She
went
through
the
book
before
buying
it.
go
over复习，看一遍
She
went
over
the
lessons
for
three
times.
go
down(日，月)落下，下沉
The
moon
has
gone
down.
go
without
放弃，没有也行
He
had
to
go
without
food.
Hand
in交进来
They
handed
in
their
papeps.
Have
nothing
to
do
with
与……无关
He
has
nothing
to
do
with
the
matter.
Have
some
thing
to
do
with
与……无关
Does
she
have
anything
to
do
with
the
case
Head
for
朝……去
The
ship
is
heading
for
the
nearest
port.
Help
with
帮助
He
helped
her
with
her
English.
Help...in在……帮助
He
helped
her
in
study
in
English.
Hope
for
希望(得到)
She
hoped
for
Mary
to
come.
introduce．．．to．．．介绍
She
introduced
me
to
her
father.
inspire．．．with．．．以……激发
He
inspired
them
with
courage.
insist
on坚持
She
insisted
on
doing
it
that
way.
interfere
with(in)
妨碍；干涉
Don’t
interfere
With
his
work.
join
in
参加(活动)
she
also
joined
in
the
dancing.
join
sb.
in
加入某人从事
He
joined
us
in
watering
the
tees.
keep
on
继续
She
kept
on
making
experinents.
Knock
at敲(门等)
Someone
is
knocking
at
the
door.
loog
for渴望
I’m
longing
for
a
letter
from
him.
look
up查寻；向上看
He
is
looking
up
a
new
word
in
the
dictionary.
look
upon．．．as把……看作
Do
you
look
upon
him
as
a
good
friend
learn．．．by
heart
背会
She
has
learnt
it
by
heart.
Leave
for动身去
He
is
leaving
for
Nanjing
next
week.
look
for寻找
The
police
are
looking
for
the
lost
car.
Lie
in
位于
The
town
lies
in
the
hills.
live
on
靠……生活，以……为主食
Sheep
live
on
grass.
laugh
at
对……笑，嘲笑
Don’t
laugh
at
others.
look
throut
翻阅；浏览
The
boy
looked
through
the
picture
book.
Mix．．．with
同……混合
Oil
and
water
can’t
mix
with
each
other.
meetwith
遇到
She
met
with
some
difficulties.
make
up
one’s
mind
决定
He
has
made
up
his
mind
what
to
say.
Owe
to
归功于
He
owed
all
his
success
to
his
parents.
Operate
on为……手术
He
operated
on
the
wounded
soldier.
Put．．．into
把……放入
She
put
the
book
into
the
bag.
play
with
玩
The
boy
played
with
a
toy
tank.
Put
up
举起
They
put
up
their
hands.
Put
up挂起
She
put
up
a
picture
on
the
wall.
Put
off
推达
The
match
is
put
off
owing
to
the
rain.
Point
out
指出
The
teacher
pointed
out
his
mistakes.
preside
over
主持(会议)
Who
is
to
preside
over
the
meeting
present...with
赠送
He
presented
her
with
a
gold
watch.
Put．．．across
使理解(相信)
She
didn’t
put
the
meaning
across
very
well.
Prevent．．．from
阻止
The
snow
prevented
him
from
coming.
persist
in
坚持
He
persisted
in
doing
that.
Put...into
practice实施
We
shall
put
the
plan
into
practice.
quarrel
over
为……争吵
They
quarrelled
over
the
property.
quarrel
with
同……争吵
She
quanelled
with
her
mother.
Reply
to
答复
He
hasn’t
replied
to
me
yet.
recover
from
恢复
She
has
recovered
from
her
illness.
Rely
on
依靠
He
relied
on
his
daughter
in
the
past.
refrain
from
设法不，忍住
Please
refrain
from
smoking.
Rob...of...抢走
The
pain
robbed
him
of
sleep.
Run
over
辗过去
The
bus
run
over
his
legs.
result
from
由……引起
His
illness
results
from
overeating.
result
in
导致
Overeating
results
in
his
illness.
Remember
sb.to代问好
Please
remember
me
to
your
mother.
Set
about
着手干
They
set
about
the
work
at
once.
Set
out
出发
They
set
out
at
dawn.
succeed
in
成功
He
succeeded
in
passing
the
exam.
Speak
off
说到
She
once
spoke
of
the
book
to
me.
Supply...with提供
They
supplied
the
soldiers
with
weapons.
share
in分担(享)
He
shared
in
her
joys
and
sorrows.
share
sth
with
sb
与某人共同使用
She
shared
a
room
with
others.
settle
in安顿下来
He
settled
in
a
small
town.
See
through
看透
I
have
already
seen
through
the
man.
See
to
it
保证
See
to
it
that
the
work
is
done
well.
send
for
派人请
We
have
sent
for
the
doctor.
Stand
by
支持
We’ll
stand
by
you
in
your
hour
of
need.
Stand
of
代表
What
does
“U.S,”
stand
far
spend．．．on花费
She
spent
a
lot
of
money
on
books.
show
around
带…参观
He
showed
the
guests
around
the
city.
talk
about
谈论
what
are
you
taking
about
over
渡过
lie
has
tided
over
his
illness.
turn
against
背叛
She
will
never
turn
against
her
country.
turn
into
变成
Water
can
turn
into
gas.
turn
to
翻到，转向
Please
turn
to
page
10.
think
of
想念
We
think
of
you
all
the
time.
think
about(of)
考虑
They
are
thinking
about
buying
it.
turn
on
打开
Please
turn
on
the
radio.
turn
off
关掉
Please
turn
off
the
lights
in
the
room.
tell．．．from
区分
I
can’t
tell
her
from
her
sister.
take
off
脱去
She
asked
him
to
take
off
the
cost.
turn
out
关掉
He
forgot
to
turn
out
the
gas.
turn
out
生产
The
factory
turns
ont
100
cars
per
day.
turn
round
绕着…转
The
earth
turns
round
the
sun.
turn
up
出现
He
didn’t
turn
up
until
eleven
o’clock.
to
begin
with
首先
To
begin
with,we
are
short
of
money.
wait
for
等待
We
shall
wait
for
you
at
the
school
gate.
watch
out
for提防
We
should
watch
out
for
the
enemy.
write
to给……写信
He
wrote
to
me
last
week.
wake
up
醒来
She
usually
wakes
up
at
five.
wipe
out
消灭
The
enemy
troops
have
been
wiped
out.
watch
over
照看
The
old
should
watch
over
the
young.
二、过去分词
+
介词
（这类短语常同连系动词连用）
短
语
例句
be
absorbed
in全神贯注于
he
is
absorbed
in
reading.
be
brudened
with负重
he
is
burdened
with
a
heavy
load.
be
connected
with同……有关，同……有联系
He
is
no
longer
connected
with
the
company.
be
covered
with覆盖
The
road
is
covered
with
snow.
be
crowded
with
挤满
She
is
dressed
in
red.
be
dressed
in穿着
She
is
dressed
in
red.
be
engaged
to与……订婚
Mary
is
engaged
to
John.
be
equipped
with
装备
He
is
experienced
in
mending
bikes.
be
experienced
in对……有经验
He
is
experienced
in
mending
bikes.
be
filled
with
填满
The
hole
is
filled
with
ants.
be
furnished
with
提供，布置
They
are
furnished
with
enough
food.
be
interested
in对……有兴趣
He
is
interested
in
the
picture.
be
joined
to连接，结合
One
pipe
is
joined
to
another.
be
known
as因……而知名
He
is
known
as
a
painter..
be
known
for因……而出名
The
hill
is
known
for
the
temple
be
looked
on
as作为…看待
He
is
looked
on
as
their
leader.
be
made
into被制成，使成为
The
boy
was
made
into
an
artist.
be
made
up
of由……构成
A
car
is
made
up
of
many
different
parts.
be
married
to与……结婚
She
is
married
to
a
musician.
be
pleased
with对……喜欢，满意
He
is
pleased
with
the
work.
be
prepared
for准备好
They
are
prepared
for
the
journey.
be
regarded
as被认为
He
is
regarded
as
the
greatest
poet.
be
satisfied
with对……满意
I
am
satisfied
with
your
answer.
be
ashamed
of对……感到羞愧
She
is
ashamed
of
her
action.
be
tired
of(sth)对……厌烦
He
is
tired
of
this
kind
of
life.
be
terrified
at被……吓一跳
He
is
rerrified
at
the
snake.
三、动词
+
名词
+介词
短语
例句
apply
one’s
mind
to专心于
He
applied
his
mind
to
study.
catch
sight
of瞧见，看见
I
caught
sight
of
her
just
now.
catch(take)hold
of抓住
He
caught
hold
of
the
girl
by
the
hand.
devote
oneself
to献身于，专心于
She
devotes
herself
to
eaching.
devote
one’s
life
to为……献身
He
devotes
his
life
to
the
research.
do(great)harm
to对……危害(大)
The
rain
has
done
great
harm
to
the
crops.
do(great)wrong
to冤枉，委屈
Don’t
do
wrong
to
an
innocent
person.
feel
pity
for对……感到怜悯
He
felt
pity
for
the
poor
girl.
Fix
one’s
eyes
on
凝视
He
fixed
his
eyes
on
the
girl.
form
the
habit
of
养成……的习惯
He
has
formed
the
habit
of
getting
up
early.
Get
a
good
hold
of
抓牢
He
got
a
good
hold
of
the
rope.
Get
in
touch
with
同……取得联系
I
got
in
touch
with
her
by
phone.
Get
ird
of
除去，摆脱
She
has
got
rid
of
the
had
abit.
give
dvice
on提出……建议
He
gave
advice
on
city
planning.
have
none
of不允许，不接受
He
will
have
none
of
your
empty
promise.
have
trust
in
相信
She
had
trust
in
him.
have
(no)
difficulty
in
(没)有困难
He
has
difficultjy
in
doing
the
work
.
have
a
word
with同……谈话
I
want
to
have
a
word
with
you.
have
trouble
in
在……有麻烦
She
had
trouble
in
the
matter.
have
a
look
at
看一下
Let
me
have
a
good
at
it.
have
words
with
同……口角(争吵)
He
had
words
with
his
wife.
have
(show)
interest
in
对……有兴趣
He
has
great
intertst
in
this
kind
of
film.
have(deep)effect
on
对……有(深远)影响
The
book
has
great
effect
on
his
life.
have
mercy
on
同情，怜悯
He
has
no
mercy
on
the
poor
old
man.
have(take)pity
on
同情
He
has
great
pity
on
the
sick
boy.
have
the
honour
of有幸……
he
has
the
honour
of
meeting
her
there.
help
oneself
to请吃；自用
Please
help
yourself
to
some
fruit.
keep
a
record
of记录
She
kept
a
record
of
her
daily
life.
make
friends
with
同……交朋友
He
made
fridnds
with
a
foreign
girl.
make
fun
of取笑
Don’t
make
fun
of
him.
make(the)best
use
of
充分利用
They
make
the
best
use
of
the
money.
make(good，full)use
of
(很好，充分)利用
You
shold
make
good
use
of
your
time.
make
an
apology
to向……道歉
He
made
an
apology
to
her.
make
one’s
way
to走向
He
made
his
way
to
the
house.
make
preparations
for
准备
She
is
making
preparations
for
the
holiday.
make
a
dive
for
猛冲
The
dog
make
a
dive
for
the
bone.
make
a
mistake
about为……产生误会
Don’t
made
a
mistake
about
her.
make
a
study
of
研究，学习
I
shall
make
a
study
of
the
plan.
Pay
attention
to
注意
He
paid
much
attention
to
her
life.
pass
a
judgement
on判决……
The
court
passed
a
judgement
on
the
case.
Put
one’s
heart
and
soul
into全神贯注于
She
put
her
heart
and
sould
into
the
work.
Set
fire
to放火、点火
They
set
fire
to
the
home.
Show
respect
for
尊敬
They
show
respect
for
the
old.
show
mercy
ot
同情
Never
show
mercy
to
the
enemy.
Say
good-bey
to
向……道别
They
said
good-bey
to
each
other.
Say
hello
to
打招呼
He
said
hello
to
the
students.
Set
an
example
to树立榜样
He
set
an
example
to
the
young.
shake
hands
with握手
They
shook
hands
with
each
other.
take
aim
at
瞄准
He
took
careful
aim
at
the
other.
take
the
side
of
支持，站在一边
They
took
the
side
on
the
government.
throw
light
on
阐明，使人明白
His
explanation
threw
light
on
the
poem.
take
pride
in
因……而自豪
She
took
pride
in
her
success.
take
part
in
参加
They
took
an
active
part
in
sports.
take
delight
in
以……为乐
He
tood
great
delight
in
travel.
take
a
message
for捎个口信
Please
take
a
message
for
her.
四、动词
+
副词
+
介词
短语
例句
Add
up
to
总计为
The
income
adds
up
to
1000
dollars.
break
away
from
改掉，与……脱离关系
he
has
broken
away
from
the
bad
habit.
be
up
to应由……，轮到……
It
is
up
to
her
to
answer
the
question.
Cut
down
on
削减
He
has
cut
down
on
expese.
catch
up
with
赶上
I
can
catchup
with
them.
beat
down
on
直射
The
sun
beats
down
on
the
earth.
come
up
to达到(标准)比得上
The
result
didn’t
come
up
to
our
expectations.
Com
up
against
遭到(反对、困难)
The
plan
came
up
with
them.
do
well
in在……做得好
He
does
well
in
the
work.
drop
in
on
顺便来访
He
drops
in
on
us
sometimes.
do
away
with
废除
They
have
done
away
with
the
old
law.
face
up
to面对，承担
We
must
face
up
to
the
fact.
Fit
in
with
适合，符合
The
clothes
fit
in
with
her.
fall
back
on
依靠
He
has
a
good
friend
to
fall
back
on.
Get
through
with
完成，花光
They
have
got
through
with
the
work.
Get
down
to
开始认真做
Let’s
get
down
to
business.
Get
on(along)with
进展，相处
He
got
on
well
with
people
here.
Get
out
of
从……出来，摆脱
He
got
out
of
debt.
go
on
with
继续
They
went
on
with
the
meeting.
go
ahead
of
先行
He
went
ahead
of
them.
go
back
of
背信，背弃
He
went
back
on
his
promise.
Got
out
of从……出来
A
rabbit
went
out
of
the
hole.
go
in
for参加，爱好
He
has
gone
in
for
the
long
jump.
grow
out
of
产生自
The
tall
tree
grows
out
of
a
small
seed.
go
ahead
with进行，继续下去
He
went
ahead
with
the
work
and
got
it
done.
keep
up
with
跟上
She
can’t
keep
up
with
others.
live
up
to
不辜负
We
shall
live
up
to
his
teachings.
look
out
for
提防，照看
Look
out
for
cars
when
crossing
the
street.
look
up
to尊敬，仰望
They
all
looked
up
to
him
as
their
leader.
look
back
upon
回顾
He
likes
to
look
back
upon
his
school
days.
look
down
upon不轻视，重视
Don’t
look
down
upon
him.
look
forward
to
盼望
Don’t
look
down
upon
him.
Put
up
with
忍受，容忍
I
just
can’t
put
up
with
that
kind
of
man.
Run
up
against
遇到
We
often
run
up
against
new
words.
Ran
out
of
用完
I
have
run
out
of
ink.
think
higlly
of
高度评价
They
think
highly
of
his
new
novel.
watch
out
for
当心，提防
Watch
out
for
thieves
in
the
street.
work
hard
at
努力于
He
works
hard
at
his
lessons.
五、动词
+
介词
短语
例句
arrive
at
a
conclnsion得出结论
They
arrived
at
a
conclusion
at
last.
burst
into
pieces
成为碎片
The
glass
has
burst
into
pieces.
burst
into
tears
突然大哭
She
burst
into
tears
at
the
news.
burst
into
laughter突然大笑
The
girls
burst
into
laughter.
come
to
sb’s
help
(aid)前来援助某人
Some
boys
came
to
her
help.
come
to
the
rescue前来营救
The
firemen
came
to
the
rescue.
come
into
use开始使用，实施
The
new
tool
come
into
use
two
years
ago.
come
into
power当权，执政
The
king
came
into
power
last
year.
come
into
effect开始生效
The
new
rule
will
come
into
effect
soon.
come
into
being产生，建立
The
custom
came
into
being
long
long
ago.
come
into
light发亮
The
star
came
into
light
at
dawn.
come
to
conclusion得出结论
They
will
come
to
a
conclusion.
do
up
one’s
hair梳理头发
She
is
doing
up
her
hair.
Fly
into
a
temper耍脾气
He
flew
into
a
tempr
at
her
words.
Get
into
trouble陷入麻烦
He
has
got
into
trouble
in
business.
Get
in
a
word插话
Don’t
get
in
a
word.
help
sb.
to
one’s
feet帮助某人站起来
They
helped
her
to
her
feet.
make
up
one’s
mind下决心
He
has
made
up
his
mind
to
do
it.
play
away
one’s
time虚度光阴
The
man
played
away
his
time.
plunge
into
sorrow使陷入悲伤
He
was
plunged
into
deelp
sorrow.
Put
sth.
to
use使用，利用
You
should
put
the
dictionary
to
a
good
use.
Set
to
work开始工作
They
set
to
work
after
a
rest.
take
on
a
new
look呈现新面貌
The
town
has
taken
on
a
new
look.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
1.动词及动词短语几乎年年必考，所涉及到的动词知识都是常用，的常见的。
2.平时要进行大量的阅读，在阅读中去理解动语短语
get,come,look
p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut,turn,take,send
set,carry,call,have,care,pay,hold,keep,think,hear,make,give,hend,deal,ask等。
1.(2015·江苏，27)The
un
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iversity
started
some
new
language
programs
to
cater
the
country's
Silk
Road
Economic
Belt.
【解析】句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。考查动词短语。cater
for
迎合，满足所需。
【答案】for
2.(2015·江苏，29)The
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )whole
team
count
Cristiano
Ronaldo,
and
he
seldom
lets
them
down.
【答案】on
3.(2015·湖北，25)There
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
is
no
doubt
that
this
candidate's
advantage
lies
his
ability
to
communicate
with
foreigners
in
English.
【解析】句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人沟通的能力。考查动词短语。lie
in
在于……。
【答案】in
4.(2015·湖北，26)Don't
wo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rry.I'm
sure
your
missing
glasses
will
turn
sooner
or
later.
【解析】句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到的。考查动词短语。turn
up出现；发生；开大；
发现。
【答案】up
5.(2015·陕西，25)Peter
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )will
take
his
post
as
the
head
of
the
travel
agency
at
the
end
of
next
month.
【解析】句意：彼得将会于下个月底就任他旅游公司负责人的职位。考查动词短语搭配。take
up开始从事。
【答案】up
6.(2015·天津，10)Tom
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )had
to
turn
the
invitation
to
the
party
last
weekend
because
he
was
too
busy.
【解析】句意：因为太忙了，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝聚会的邀请。考查动词短语。turn
down拒绝，符合
语境。
【答案】down
7.(2015·福建，25)I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
is
said
that
body
language
account
55
per
cent
of
a
first
impression
while
what
you
say
just
7
per
cent.
【答案】for
8．Not
having
promot
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
the
new
digital
camera
successfully，the
company
should
________its
original
marketing
methods.
A．account
for
B.reflect
on
C．work
out
D．call
up
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：没能成功地对新数码相机进行宣传推销，公司应该仔细思考一下最初
的市场策略了。accoun
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
for解释……的原因，占比例；reflect
on考虑；仔细思考；work
out制定；解出，计算出；call
up打电话。根据题意可知选B项。21世纪教育网
【答案】B
9．Hard
work
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd
lack
of
sleep
have________her
beauty
and
youth
in
recent
years.
A．worn
out
B.tried
out
C．made
out
D.sent
out
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最近10年的辛苦工作和缺少睡眠耗尽了她的美丽和青春年华。本句
中的wear
out表示“耗尽……
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”。tried
out尝试；
made
out辨认出，理解；sent
out发送，发出，根据句意可知选A项。
【答案】A
10．They
are
broadening
the
bridge
to________the
flow
of
traffic.
A．put
off
B.speed
up
C．turn
on
D．work
out
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们拓宽了大桥来加速交通的流畅。put
off延期；speed
up加速；turn
on打开；work
out解决，故选B项。
【答案】B
11.
As
the
train
r
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an
faster
and
faster，the
lights
of
the
city
were
soon
(把……抛在后面).
【解析】句意：随着火车速度的加快，城市的灯火很快就被抛在后面。leave
behind表示“把……抛在后面；超过”。
【答案】left
behind
12.
At
the
edge
of
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
grass，there's
a
sign
saying“
(远离)
the
grass”.
【答案】Keep
off
13.—Do
you
remember
John
who
disliked
learning
at
school
Have
any
news
about
him
—Oh,
John,
you
couldn't
imagine
he
(变成)
teacher.
【解析】考查系动词。本句中的turn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和become都是系动词，表示“变成……”；成为老师有两种表达：turn
teacher，或者become
a
teacher。句意：——你记得那个在学校里不爱学习的John吗？你有他的消息吗？——你无法想象，他成为了一个老师。
【答案】turned
14.
The
gas
in
my
car
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
(用尽，耗尽).I
must
find
a
gas
station
to
fill
it
up
as
soon
as
possible.
【解析】run
out表示“用完，耗尽”，没有被动语态也没有进行时。句意：我的汽油就要用完了，我一定要尽快找到一个加油站加满油。
【答案】running
out
15.
Since
Jerry
is
ab
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sent
today,
let's
get
someone
else
to
(继续，take相关短语)
the
work
where
it
was
left
off
yesterday.
【解析】句意：因为Jerry今天没来让我们找个人从昨天他停止的地方做起来继续他的工作。
【答案】take
up
16.Economic
growth
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
world
remains
weak
throughout
2013
and
it
is
hoped
that
it
will
(好转，pick相关短语)
gradually
in
2014.
【解析】句意：整个2013年世界经济增长还是疲软，人们希望在2014年会逐渐好转。
【答案】pick
up
17.
If
you
want
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
(accomplish)
your
goals
and
dreams,
you
have
to
be
willing
to
pay
the
price.
【解析】句意：如果你想实现目标和梦想，你得愿意付出代价。
【答案】to
accomplish
18.
Thousands
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )visitors
(attract)
to
the
Xi'an
International
Horticultural
Exposition
the
day
it
opened.
【答案】were
attracted
19.
When
the
book，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Twilight，was
first
(出版，bring相关短语)，it
was
immediately
well
received
by
readers.
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：《暮光之城》这本书刚一出版，就立即受到读者的热烈欢迎。此处bring
out表示“生产；出版”。
【答案】brought
out
20.
Time－travel
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
TV
series
(achieve)
great
success
and
attracted
many
fans
back
to
TV.
【解析】句意：穿越剧获得了巨大成功，吸引了许多粉丝回来看电视。achieve
great
success获得巨大成功，为固定搭配。
【答案】achieved1.
One
day，he
came
up
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
with
an
idea
he
would
pluck
up
all
of
his
crop
a
few
inches.
解析 考查同位语从句的引导词。因后面是一个
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )完整的句子，且该句是说明空格前面an
idea的具体内容，所以是同位语从句。从句结构完整，故要用that引导。21世纪教育网
答案 that
2.
is
importan
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
is
that
we
let
others
know
we
care
about
them.
答案 What
3.
Over
the
next
sever
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al
months，my
professor
taught
me
one
story
was
so
much
better
than
the
other.
解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。教授教给我的是为什么一个故事比另一个更好。根据句意可知此处要用why引导宾语从句。
答案 why
4.
A
study
found
girls
who
ate
five
or
more
family
meals
a
week
had
a
much
healthier
relationship
with
food
in
later
life.
解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。谓语动词found后为宾语从句，宾语从句中不缺少成分，故要用that引导。
答案 that
5.
Perhaps
my
mother
had
told
me
was
deeply
rooted
in
my
mind.
解析 考查主语从句的引导词。妈妈说的话深深地扎根于我的思想中。系动词was前为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故要用what引导。
答案 what
6.
Even
more
up
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )setting
was
the
fact
the
driver
didn't
stop
afterward.
解析 考查同位语从句。the
fact后面是同位语从句，要用that来引导。
答案 that
7.But，from
I've
heard，perhaps
he
worked
too
hard.
解析 考查宾语从句。从我听说的来看，也许他更努力些。介词from后是what引导的宾语从句，what作动词hear的宾语。
答案 what
8.
Well，there
is
a
ru
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mor
going
around
the
head
of
the
Department
is
leaving.
解析 考查同位语从句。有一个谣言
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说，部门的领导马上就要走了。that引导的是名词rumor的同位语从句。
答案 that
9.
The
easiest
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay
to
do
this
is
to
make
a
simple
list
of
it
means
to
be
respectful
at
school.
解析 考查宾语从句。根据句子结构可知，此处为what引导宾语从句，在从句中作动词mean的宾语。
答案 what
10.
There
is
a
new
ma
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rket
near
my
house.My
mother
often
goes
there
and
buys
we
need
for
our
meals.
解析 考查宾语从句。我的妈妈经常去那买我们吃饭所需要的东西。what引导宾语从句作动词buy的宾语。
答案 what
21世纪教育网
易错起源1、名词性从句中连接词的正确选用
例1．—I
wonder
Mary
has
kept
her
figure
after
all
these
years.
—By
working
out
every
day.
答案 how
【名师点睛】
1.that引导名词性从句时，在从句中无意义，不作成分，只起到连接作用，在宾语从句中可省略。
He
told
me
(that)
he
would
leave
soon.
2.what与出at在名词性从句中的区别。
Right:What
he
said
was
true.
这是一个主语从句，what在从句中作动词said的宾词，意思是:“……话”或“……事”，此句中不能用that。
That
he
came
late
made
the
teacher
angry.
这个句子还是主语从句。从句中意思完整，所以用that来引导，起到一个标志作用。
易错起源2、宾语从句
例2．You
have
to
kn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow
you're
going
if
you
are
to
plan
the
best
way
of
getting
there.
解析 句意：如果你要计划到达某地的最佳路线，你必须首先知道你想要去哪？where引导宾语从句，
在从句中用作地点状语。
答案 where
【名师点睛】
1.出at引导的宾语从句出at常用来引导宾语从句，通常that可以省略。
He
has
told
me
that
he
will
go
to
Shanghaitomorrow．他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
注意：在demand，o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rder，suggest，decide等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,hat从句
常用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。
2.wh-引导的宾语从句
I
want
to
know
what
he
has
told
you．我想知道他告诉了你什么。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
形容词后所跟的宾语从句
某些动态形容词(afraid，c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onfident，aware，certain，sure，doubtful等)在句中做表语时，后面可跟宾语从句。
例句:I
am
confident
that
I
can
get
the
job．我有信心我可以得到这份工作。
易错起源3、
that和wh-引导的主语从句
例3．I
truly
believe
beauty
comes
from
within.
答案 that
【名师点睛】
(1)that引导的主语从句
that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末，在实际应用中常常采用it形式主语形式。
That
he
passed
the
English
test
is
true.→
It
is
true
that
he
passed
the
English
test.
(2)形式主语的四个主要句型
It
+
be
+
名词
+
that从句
It
is
a
pity
that...可惜的是，用于此句型的名词还有fact／shame／honor／question等。
It
+
be
+
形容词
+
that从句
It
is
certain
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that...很肯定，可用于此句型的形容词还有clear／better／natural／important／neeessary.
It
+
be
+
动词的过去分词
+
that从句
It
is
said
that...据说，可用于此句型的过去分词还有believed／known／reported等。
It
+
不及物动词
+
that从句
如:
It
seems
that...好像是……似乎……
可用于此句型的不及物动词还有happen，appear等。
易错起源4、
表语从句、同位语从句
例4．A
ship
in
harbor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is
safe,
but
that's
not
ships
are
built
for.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 what
【名师点睛】
1.that引导的表语从句
基本结构:主语
+
系动词
+
that从句例句:
The
fact
is
that
we
have
lost
the
game.
2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句
That
is
why
I
tell
you
the
news.那就是我为什么告诉你这个消息的原因。
3.从属连词as
if,boecause,just
as等引导的表语从句
It
is
because
I
have
ever
heard
of
the
story.那是因为我曾经听说过这个故事。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
同位语从句通常由that引导，可
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，
information，message，news，order，problem，promise，
question，repuest，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。
1.
Li
Bai
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
a
great
Chinese
poet,
was
born
is
known
to
the
public,
but
some
won't
accept
it.
解析 句意：李白，一个伟大
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。从句where
Li
Bai
was
born作该句子的主语。
答案 Where
2.
we
unde
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rstand
things
has
a
lot
to
do
with
what
we
feel.
解析 句意：我们怎样理解事物与我们所
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )感觉到的东西有很大关系。分析句子结构可知“
what
we
understand
things”为主语从句，结合句意可知要用how。21世纪教育网
答案 How
3.
If
you
swim
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
in
a
river
or
lake,
be
sure
to
investigate
is
below
the
water
surface.Often
there
are
rocks
or
branches
hidden
in
the
water.
解析 句意：如果你在河里或
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。根据后面rocks
and
branches可知，此处要用what来引导。
答案 what
4.
We
must
find
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
out
Karl
is
coming,
so
we
can
book
a
room
for
him.
解析 句意：我们必须知道他什么时候
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )来，以便我们能给他预定房间。根据后面的so
we
can
book
a
room
for
him可知这里指时间，故用when引导。
答案 when
5.
Reading
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
biography，I
was
lost
in
admiration
for
Doris
Lessing
had
achieved
in
literature.
答案 what
6.
The
exhibition
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
tells
us
we
should
do
something
to
stop
air
pollution.
解析 考查宾语从句。句意：这个展览
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )告诉了我们，我们为什么要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，根据意义为why。
答案 why
7.Exactly
the
potato
was
introduced
into
Europe
is
uncertain，but
it
was
probably
around
1565.
解析 考查名词性从句。句意
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：马铃薯被引入欧洲的确切时间是不确定的，但是大约是在1565年。根据句意when引导一个主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
答案 when
8.
the
delayed
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
flight
will
take
off
depends
much
on
the
weather.
解析 考查主语从句。句意：延误的航班什么时候起飞很大程度上取决于天气。根据句意，需要时间概念When。
答案 When
9.I
think
impresses
me
about
his
painting
is
the
colours
he
uses.
解析 考查名词性从句。句意：我认
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为他的绘画给我印象最深的就是他所使用的颜色。根据结构该空所填词汇引导主语从句，引导词是物，在其中做主语，故用what。
答案 what
10.Some
peop
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le
believe
has
happened
before
or
is
happening
now
will
repeat
itself
in
the
future.
解析 考查主语从句。句意：有些人相信，无
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )论以前发生过什么，或者现在发生着什么，都会在未来重现。主语从句中缺少主语，用whatever做主语。
答案 whatever
11.
The
pandas
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are
very
dear
to
human
beings.So
people
have
been
doing
they
take
to
save
them.
解析 考查宾语从句。熊猫对人类来说很宝贵，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )因此人们一直在做任何需要做的事情来保护它们。whatever引导宾语从句，表示“无论什么”，相当于anything
that。
答案 whatever
12.
To
tell
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )truth，
you
do
rather
than
what
you
say
matters.
解析 考查主语从句。说实话，是你
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所做的而不是你所说的真正起作用。rather
than连接的并列主语从句，主语从句均缺宾语，所以用what。
答案 what
13.
What
the
gov
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ernment
cares
about
most
is
action
they
are
going
to
take.
答案 what
14.
I
need
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
put
a
cross
on
the
map
to
show
that
famous
hotel
is.
解析 考查宾语从句。我需要在地图上放个十字来表明这个饭店的位置。
答案 where
15.
We've
got
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
remember
this
group
wants
to
look
at
how
the
Internet
is
being
used
in
the
classroom.That's
they
are
coming
for.
解析 考查表语从句的引导词。这就是他们为什么而来。what在表语从句中作介词for的宾语，for
what相当于why。
答案 what
16.
Her
smile
just
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
melted
me
and
almost
instantly
gave
me
a
completely
new
sense
of
life
is
all
about.
解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。介词of后为宾语从句，从句中about缺少宾语，故要用what。
答案 what
17.
Therefore，it
is
ad
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )visable
you
should
value
and
treat
them
with
care.
解析 考查主语从句的引导词。it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面that引导的主语从句。
答案 that
18.When
the
ot
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her
frogs
saw
a
deep
pit
it
was，they
told
the
two
frogs
that
they
were
as
good
as
dead.
解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。saw
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
后面接的句子是感叹句，用what引导，what
a
deep
pit
it
was！多深的一个坑啊！
答案 what
19.
Then
they
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
had
to
know
stories
could
be
told
without
words，
using
only
gestures
and
expressions.
解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。由结构可
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知此处是宾语从句，根据stories
could
be
told
without
words,
using
only
gestures
and
expressions.可以判断出，此处指如何去做到这一点。21世纪教育网
答案 how
20.
His
teacher
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
got
the
idea
that
he
had
no
ability
in
arithmetic，and
told
his
parents
she
thought
in
order
that
they
would
not
expect
too
much
of
him.
答案 what1.
This
does
not
mean
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that
we
have
to
write
or
call
our
friends
every
day.It
does
mean，however，that
we
care
enough
about
our
friends
to
find
out
how
they
are
doing
from
time
to
time.
【解析】考查情态动词。根
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据语境特别是前面的have
to可知，此处需要一个情态动词，should应该，语气合适；如用must，语气太强；may/can语气太弱。
【答案】should
2.
I
was
reall
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
happy
to
be
writing
a
detective
story.But
after
the
first
few
pages，I
just
write
any
more.
【答案】couldn't
3.
I'm
Captain
Joh
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
Blanchard.You
be
Miss
Hollis.I
am
glad
to
meet
you
here.
【解析】考查情态动词。你一定是Hollis女士。根据语境可知此处要用must表示肯定推测。
【答案】must
4.
He
walked
in
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
if
he
(buy)
the
school，and
the
word
quickly
got
around
that
he
was
from
New
York
City.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。在人称代词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he后，显然是作谓语；又因他不可能是买下了这个学校，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had
bought。
【答案】had
bought
5.
I
recommend
that
you
(try)
.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。recommen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d,
suggest,
request,
command等后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即should
＋动词原形，should可省略。
【答案】(should)
try
6.
Tom：Sandy.It
seem
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
that
only
half
of
the
students
passed
the
final
exam.
Sandy：Really
The
exam
have
been
very
difficult
this
time.
【解析】考查情态动词。答句意为“这次的考试一定很难”。must
have
done肯定……，表示对过去的肯定猜测。
【答案】must
7.
It's
a
pity
y
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou
were
late，otherwise
you
(see)
the
film
star
Rain
from
Korea.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据otherwise判断此处是含蓄型的虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟时，主句用would
have
done。
【答案】would
have
seen
21世纪教育网
8.
All
the
stu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents
put
on
masks
before
going
to
school
in
case
they
are
infected
with
flu
virus.
【解析】考查情态动词。所有学生应在去学校之前带上口罩以防感染禽流感。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
【答案】shall
9.
Had
the
governmen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
limited
the
sales
of
cars
much
earlier，traffic
jam
and
pollution
not
be
so
serious
now.
【答案】would
10.
If
you
will
stay
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
here
longer，you
may.But
you
leave
before
this
weekend.
【解析】考查情态动词。根据but可知，此处强调说话人主观上认为“必须”做某事，要求对方必须在周末前离开。must必须。
【答案】must
易错起源1、情态动词的词汇义辨析
例1．I
have
wo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rried
before
I
came
to
the
new
school,
for
my
classmates
here
are
very
friendly
to
me.
【解析】句意：在来到新学校前我本不
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )必担心，因为在新学校我的同班同学对我很友好。考查情态动词。needn't
have
done...本不必做的事做了。
【答案】needn't
【名师点睛】情态动词的基本用法
I.can(could)
1.表示体力或脑力方面的能
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )力，或根据客观规定律能做某事的能力，意思是“能够”。can表“能够”
时，既可指将来，也可指现在。be
able
to
在表示能
力时与can同义，但可用:于各种时态，强调通过努力克服困难成功地做某事，相当managed
to
do
或succeeded
in
doing.例如:No
one
can
(is
able
to)
finish
such
a
difficult
thing.
He
can
speak
English.
I
can
go
there
now.
With
the
help
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f
the
fire
men
,the
the
trapped
peopel
was
able
to
leave
the
burning
buildung(不能用could)
2.表示许可、允许，在疑问句中表示
“请求，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )许可”，否定句中表示
“不许”，此时可与may通采用，有时cannot可以表示
“禁止”，相当于“mustn’t”,例如:
May(Can)I
help
you
That
sort
of
thing
can’t
go
on
!
You
can’t
(
mustn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t,
are
not
allowed
to
)
play
computer
games
again.
3.表示推测，强调客观可能性“可能、会”，can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示猜测时，情态动词后可用进行式或完成式。
—There
comes
a
man.
Who
can
it
be
—It
must
be
our
English
teacher.
—No,
it
can’t
be
him.
He
has
gone
to
America!
He
can’t
have
gone
there
alone.
4.could表示“能力”“可能性”
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“许可”，为can的过去式。一般用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，此时can，could并没有时间上的差别，只是
could的语气更客气些。回答时用原形回答。
—Could
I
borrow
your
English
dictionary
—Of
course
you
can.
Go
ahead.
Ⅱ.may,might(
might
为
may
的过去式)
1.表示许可，有“可以”的意思，询问或说的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一件事可不可以做，有时可以用can互换。其否定式
may
not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用must
not
=mustn’t代替，may用于疑问句中，回答这种问题时，多避免用may，而用其他形式，以免显得口气太严峻或不客气。
例如:
—Mum,
may
I
go
to
the
cinema
tonight
—Yes,
you
may.
(No,
you
mustn’t/
you’d
better
not.
)
比较:—Yes,
please/please
don’t.
2.表推测、或许、可能的意思，表示一件事或许会发生，只用在陈述包中。
例如:
Her
parents
may
come
to
see
her
tomorrow.
3.may句式用来表示祝愿。例如:
May
you
succeed!
=
I
hope
you
may
succeed.
May
you
be
happy,
healthy
and
wealthy!
4.might是may的过去式，表示
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可以做的事或可能发生的事；主句谓语动词是过去时态时用
might不用may。might一般用于比may的口气委婉，或表示现实的可能性更小一些的语境中.
例如:
Our
teacher
suggested
a
few
books
which
I
might
buy.
I
wonder
if
I
might
buy
some
sugar
now.
Ⅲ.must
1.表示必须要做的事，意
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为“必须”，否定式
mustn’t表示“不应该，不许可，禁止”等。因此，在回答带有must的问句时，不用mustn’t，而用
needn’t或don’have
to.例如:
—Must
I
hand
in
the
paper
now
——Yes,you
must.
—No,you
needn’t./you
don’t
have
to.
2.must在表示“必须”时与
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have
to相近，have
to比较强调客观的需要，must着重主观看法。另外
must不像have
to那样能有更多的时态。例如:
Tom,
you
must
stay
at
home.
(命令或叮嘱)
I
have
to
stay
at
home
to
look
after
my
baby.
(客观需要)
3.表推测，暗含很大的可能性，意为“一定”只用于“肯定句”中。例如:
I
think
there
must
be
a
mistake.
4.偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。例如:
Hey,
beys
Must
you
shout
so
loudly
Ⅳ.Shall
1.用于二、三人称陈述句中。表示说话人给对方的命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。在疑问句中，表示征询听话人是否愿意。例如:
You
shall
have
my
answer
tomorrow.
(允许)
He
shall
be
sorry
for
it
one
day,
I
tell
you.
(警告)
You
shall
do
as
I
tell
you.
(命令或分咐)
Shall
you
go
with
me
(征询意见)
2.用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。例如:
Shall
we
begin
our
class
When
shall
my
father
be
able
to
leave
hospital
V.
should
和
ought
to
should表示劝告、建议常作“应当”讲
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，与ought
to有时可互换，ought
to更注重一些责任义务。
should表示预测可能性，并译作“可能，(按道理)应该”；而ought
to则表示非常可能。Should用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议，ousht
to可表示因责任、义务等该做的事。例如:
We
should
(ought
to)
help
each
other
in
work.(
ought
to
的语气要强)
They
should
come
here
now.
(按道理应该到了)
I
am
your
teacher,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
ought
to
help
with
your
study.(表示有这个责任)
Ⅵ.will和would
will可以表示意愿、意志和决心，适用于
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )各种人称。可以用来表示各种倾向或习惯动作。有时还用来表示“难免”。其过去式是would，也可以是单独的情态动词，在表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法时，语气比will委婉，肯定的回答时用will。
例如:
Don’t
worry.
He
will
do
his
best.
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
will
be
a
success.(表示习惯)
Accident
will
happen.
(
难免
)
Would
you
please
do
me
a
favor
易错起源2、情态动词对话情景中的用法
例2．—Sorry,
Mum!
I
failed
the
job
interview
again.
—Oh,
it's
too
bad.You
have
made
full
preparations.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【答案】should
【名师点睛】
情态动词中三组表达方式的用法区别
1.would与used
to的区别。
在表示过去重复的习惯时，us
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
to可用Would代替。used
to强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义；而Would则单纯表示过去的习惯动作，常与often，everyday连用，当只是表示过去的状态时，只能用used
to.
例如:
They
would
have
a
drind
in
the
bar
at
noon.
Thy
used
to
have
a
drink
in
the
bar
at
noon.(现在右能不了)
China
is
not
what
it
used
to
be.(表示对比，不能用would)
Every
evening,she
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould
sit
in
frnt
of
the
door
to
wait
for
her
son
.(表示过去的习惯动作，不能用used
to)
They
used
to
be
a
temple
on
the
to
of
the
mountain.(表示过去的状态，不能用would)
2.表示“宁愿做某事”时，有下列句式结构:
would
rather
do
something
would
do
sth.
rather
than
do
sth.
Would
rather
sb.
did
sth.
prefer
to
do
sth.
Prefer
to
do
sth.
Rather
than
do
sth.
prefer
to
do
sth.
to
doing
sth.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
情态动词否定式所表达的含义
may
not,might
not
或许不，可能不
can’t
can
not(=
be
not
able
to)不能说
can’t,can
not
不可能
may
not,can’t,
can
not,
mustn’t
(=
be
not
allowed
to)不许可
need’t(=
don’t
have
to)不必
shouldn’t,oughtn’t
to
(=
be
not
supposed
to)不应该
易错起源3、情态动词+have
例3．You
be
Carol.You
haven't
changed
a
bit
after
all
these
years.
【解析】句意：你一定是Carol，这些年以来你一点都没变。must一定，表示推测，符合句意。
【答案】must
【名师点睛】
“情态动词
+过去分词”用法
1.must
have
done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事”。
例如:
It
must
have
rained
last
night,
for
the
ground
was
quite
muddy.
The
lights
were
out.
They
must
have
been
asleep.
2.may／might
have
done表示对过去已经发生行为韵推测；意思是“也许；或许、已经(没有)…”。
一般只用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用
might
表示语气更加不肯定。
例如:
It’s
too
late.
I
think
he
may
have
gone
to
bed.
He
may
not
have
finished
the
work.
She
might
have
caught
a
cold.
3.might
have
done表示“
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本来可能；…”，但实际上没有发生的事情。还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”的意思；有轻微的责备语气。例如:
You
should
not
have
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wum
in
that
river.
You
might
have
been
eaten
by
fish.
You
might
have
given
him
more
help,
though
you
were
busy.
4.could
have
done用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经……”的意义，也可以表示过去没有实现的可能性，意思为“本来可以……”。
例如:
You
could
have
done
better,
but
you
were
too
careless.
I
went
to
New
York
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )last
summer
and
stayed
at
a
hotel,
but
I
could
have
stayed
with
my
brother.
I
saw
his
father
just
now.
He
couldn’t
have
gone
to
Shanghai.
5.should／ougt
to
have
done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，但实际上没做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。
例如:
You
should/
ought
to
have
come
to
the
meeting
earlier.
He
ought
not
to
have
treated
his
parents
like
that.
6.needn’t
have
done表示本来不必去做的事但做了。但是didn’t
need
to表示”没有必要做而实际上也没有做”。
例如:
You
needn’t
have
taken
a
taxi
here,
for
it
was
very
near
to
my
house.
I
didn’t
need
to
clean
the
room.
My
mother
did
it.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
can…have
done和can
not
have
done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。
例如:
He
cannot
have
taken
away
the
magazine.
Can
he
have
gone
home
易错起源4、虚拟语气的一些特殊句式
例4．
If
I
(see)it
with
my
own
eyes,
I
wouldn't
have
believed
it.
【答案】hadn't
seen
21世纪教育网
【名师点睛】
虚拟语气中的几种特殊情况
1.if省略句
在条件句中，可省略if把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。如果谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。
例如:
Should
it
(If
it
should)
rain
tomorrow;
we
would
not
go
fishing.
Were
it
not
(if
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
were
not)the
expense,
I
would
go
abroad
now.
(不能用
weren’t)
2.在would
rather后
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的宾语从句中的虚拟语气形式用动词的过去式，在It
is(hish)
time
(that)…句型中，从句中的谓语动词用过去式，或
should
+
动词原形，但should不能省略。例如:
It
is
high
time
that
you
went
to
school.
It
is
high
time
we
should
start
out.
I
would
rather
they
didn’t
hear
of
the
news.
3.在口语中，虚拟语气的省略情况
口语中，虚拟语气的省略情况要注意。如果是
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一般过去时，只保留did，could，were等助动词、情态动词或系动词如果是过去完成时，要保留had；如果是过去将来时，要保留would／might.同时还要注意被动情况。例如:
①—Have
you
found
the
answer
to
the
question
—I
wish
I
had(
found
the
answer
to
the
question).
②I
can’t
go
to
Beij
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
with
you,
but
I
wish
I
would
(go
to
Beijing
with
you).
③—Have
you
finished
your
homework
—I
would
ha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve
(
finished
my
homework)
if
I
had
not
gone
to
the
cinema
last
night.
④—The
liitle
boy
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )who
dark
the
poison
by
mistake
died
if
he
had
been
sent
to
the
hospital
earlier.
—Well.
he
should
have
been
(sent
to
the
hospital
earlier).
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
if
only和
only
if
句型
(1)if
only可以用来表示对现在或未来的愿望,也可以表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如:
If
only
I
could
swim.(现在的愿望)
If
only
they
would
tell
me
what
they
have
decided.
(将来的愿望)
If
only
they
had
remembered
to
buy
some
fruit
just
now.
(与过去事实相反的愿望)
(2)only
if用于句首，后接从句主谓倒装，意思是“只要，只有”。例如:
Only
if
the
red
light
comes
on
is
there
any
danger
to
employees.
Only
if
a
teacher
has
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )given
permissionis
a
student
allowed
to
enter
this
room.
1.—Can't
you
stay
a
little
longer
—It's
getting
la
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te.I
really
go
now.My
daughter
is
home
alone.
【解析】句意：——你不能再多待一会儿吗？——天要黑了，我真的现在必须走了，我的女儿独自呆在家
里。must必须。
【答案】must
2.
It
was
so
noisy
that
we
not
hear
ourselves
speak.
【答案】could
3.
You
feel
all
the
training
a
waste
of
time，but
I'm
a
hundred
percent
sure
later
you'll
be
grateful
you
did
it.
【解析】句意：你也许会认为所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百的保证你以后会感激你所做的事
情。考查情态动词。根据后文的描述可以看出此处培训还没有结束，是一种不肯定的推测语气。
【答案】may
4.
You
be
careful
with
the
camera.It
costs!
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。此处表示命令语气。
【答案】must
21世纪教育网
5.—
you
interrupt
now
Can't
you
see
I'm
on
the
phone
—Sorry
Sir,
but
it's
urgent.
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你没有看到我在打电话吗？——对不起，
先生，事情很急。根据语境应填must表“非要，硬要”。
【答案】Must
6.It
be
the
postman
at
the
door.It's
only
six
o'clock.
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。根据后一句中“现在仅仅六
点”，only一词表明语气强烈，前一句为“门外的绝不可能是邮递员”。故用can't。
【答案】can't
7.
Without
his
wartime
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
experiences,
Hemingway
(write)his
famous
novel
A
Farewell
to
Arms.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【答案】wouldn't
have
written
8.
Ellen
is
a
fantas
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tic
dancer.I
wish
I
(dance)as
well
as
her.
【解析】句意：艾伦是一位出色的舞
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )者，我希望我能像他跳的那么好。考查虚拟语气。wish后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气，从句中用did表示对现在事实的虚拟。
【答案】danced
9.
I
wish
I
(be)at
my
sister's
wedding
last
Tuesday,
but
I
was
on
a
business
trip
in
New
York
then.
【解析】句意：我希望上个星期二我出席了
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )姐姐的婚礼，但那时我正在纽约出差中。考查虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，对过去发生过的事情的虚拟要用过去完成时。
【答案】had
been
10.It
is
lucky
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
we
booked
a
room,
or
we
(have)nowhere
to
stay
now.
【解析】句意：很幸运我们订了一个房间，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )否则我们现在将无处可住。考查虚拟语气。引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if
we
hadn't
booked
a
room,
we
would
have
nowhere
to
stay
now，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would＋动词原形。
【答案】would
have
11.
He
commande
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
that
all
the
gates
(shut)
when
it
was
getting
dark
in
case
thieves
came
in.
【答案】(should)be
shut
12.
Tom：Did
you
visit
the
famous
cultural
relics
last
month
Mary：No，we
(visit)
it，but
we
spent
too
much
time
shopping.
【解析】考查情态动词。我们“本能够”去的，但是我们花太多时间购物，所以没能去。could
have
done本能够做某事(但没做成)。
【答案】could
have
visited
21世纪教育网
13.It
is
necessary
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
the
government
(find)
solutions
for
the
problems
of
air
pollution
to
create
a
clear
environment.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。在句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )型“it
is
necessary＋
that从句”中，谓语动词应该用should
＋动词原形，should可以省略。
【答案】(should)
find
14.
It
has
been
sugg
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ested
the
sports
meeting
(put)
off
till
the
smog
is
not
so
severe.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。在
“It
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
is
suggested
that
＋从句”中谓语动词应该用should＋动词原形，should可以省略，根据句意应该用被动形式。
【答案】(should)
be
put
15.And
a
simil
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar
number
of
students
believe
that
a
good
university
produce
graduates
who
are
particularly
sought
after
by
employers.
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：同样数量的学生认为一个好的大学应该培养雇主们追求的毕业生。should应该，应当，表示义务、责任，符合语境。
【答案】should
16.
Curiosity
som
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etimes
be
foolish
or
wrong.Some
people
with
nothing
to
do
are
full
of
curiosity
about
what
their
neighbors
are
doing.
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：那些无所事事的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人对他们的邻居正在做什么感到好奇。好奇有时可能是愚蠢的或者说是错误的。can在肯定句中表可能性时表示理论上的可能性，而不是表示具体某事发生的可能性。
【答案】can
17.
you
please
help
me
get
him
back
into
his
wheelchair
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你可以帮助我将他弄回到轮椅上吗？Would
you
please...？请你……好吗？表示婉转的请求。
【答案】Would
18.Columbus
coul
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
never
have
found
America
if
he
(not
be)
curious.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：哥伦布
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如果不曾好奇，就不会发现美洲大陆。对过去的虚拟，从句要用过去完成时，主句要用could/should/might/would
＋
have
done结构。
【答案】had
not
been
19.
Joseph
Addison
onc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
said，“Reading
is
to
the
mind
what
exercise
is
to
the
body.”
I
am
sure
you
have
heard
this
quote.
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我确定你一定或可能听过这句话。情态动词表推测可用must/may/might/can/could。
【答案】must/may/might/can/could
20.Only
by
pursuing
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
our
dreams
we
enjoy
a
meaningful
and
fulfilled
life.
【答案】can1.
Jane
pause
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
in
front
of
a
counter
some
attractive
ties
were
on
display.
解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为a
counter，在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where。
答案 where
2.
He
desired
to
foll
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow
that
girl，but
longed
for
the
woman
spirit
had
truly
companioned
and
supported
him.
解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词是the
woman，定语从句中名词spirit缺少定语，故要用whose。
答案 whose
3.
Maybe
you
have
a
habit
is
driving
your
family
crazy.
答案 that/which
4.Nick's
guests，
had
heard
their
conversation，asked
why
they
should
not
buy
salt
more
cheaply
if
they
could.
解析 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Nick's
guests，指人，且在从句中做主语，故要用who。非限制性定语从句中不可用that引导。
答案 who
5.
However
there
are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
times
urgent
things
are
most
important
as
well，for
example，helping
a
crying
baby
in
the
kitchen
due
to
the
fire
stove.
解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为times，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。
答案 when
6.
The
people
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f
Chu
mourned
Qu's
death
threw
rice
into
the
river
to
feed
his
ghost
every
year
on
the
day
of
his
death.
解析 考查限制性定语从句。先行词是The
people
of
Chu，在从句中作主语，故用who/that。
答案 who/that
7.
Bicycles
are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
held
to
the
same
standards
as
motor
vehicles
in
most
cases，
means
that
cyclists
must
obey
all
the
traffic
rules，and
also
have
the
right
to
get
damages
in
the
accidents.
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句中作主语，指物要用which。
答案 which
8.
After
that，we'll
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
moving
on
to
Tanzania，
we're
going
to
climb
Mount
Kilimanjaro.
解析 考查非限制性定语从
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。之后我们将继续到坦桑尼亚，在那里我们要爬乞力马扎罗山。先行词为Tanzania，在定语从句中作地点状语，故要用where引导。21世纪教育网
答案 where
9.
Once
upon
a
time
there
was
a
rich
merchant
had
4
wives.
解析 考查限制性定语从句。先行词为a
rich
merchant，在定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。
答案 who/that
10.
In
the
followi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
years，there
were
fewer
drop－outs
and
more
college
graduates
in
my
village，
I
am
proud
of
even
today.
答案 which
易错起源1、正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法
例1.
It
is
a
truly
de
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lightful
place,
looks
the
same
as
it
must
have
done
100
years
ago
with
its
winding
streets
and
pretty
cottages.
解析 句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小
屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。
答案 which
【名师点睛】
1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用，
修饰名词或代词
2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:(
1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用When，是地点名词就用Where。
4.当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that，但在下列情况下，只能使用关系代词that。
(1)当先行词是不定代
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词all，much，little，someting，everything，anything，nothing，none，the
one时。
例如:
Do
you
have
anything
that
you
want
to
say
for
yourself
You
should
hand
in
all
that
you
have.
(2)当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no，
all，very等词修饰时。例如:
This
is
the
very
book
that
I’m
looking
for.
The
only
thing
that
we
can
do
is
to
give
you
some
money.
(3)当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。例如:
This
is
the
best
that
has
heen
wsed
against
pollution.
This
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
I’ve
ever
seen.
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词时，例如
This
train
is
the
last
that
will
go
to
Huangzhou.
What
is
the
first
Anerican
film
that
you
have
seen
(5)当先行词既人又有物时，例如:
Do
you
know
the
things
and
persons
that
they
are
talking
about
(6)当主句的主语是疑句词who或which时。例如:
Which
is
the
bike
that
you
lost
who
is
the
boy
that
won
the
gold
medal
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词正用which，另外一个空用that。例如:
They
secretly
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
buit
up
a
small
factory
which
produced
things
that
could
cause
pollution.
易错起源2、对介词后接关系代词的考查
例2、Lily
took
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
a
few
friends
to
my
birthday
party，none
of
________
I
was
familiar
with.
A．which
B．whose
C．that
D．whom
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 D
【名师点睛】
“介词+关系代词”引导的定词从句是定词从
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句中较复杂的一种，一般多用于上式文件中。此类定语从句的关系代词主要有which，
whom，whose。它们既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性
定语从句。学习这种定语从句时主注意以下几种情况:
一、注意介词的先取。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选取应根据以下几点:
1.根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。例如:
Who
is
the
man
with
whom
you
just
shook
hands
The
Two
things
about
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
which
Karl
Marx
was
not
sure
were
the
grammar
and
some
of
the
idioms.
2.根据定语从句意思的需要，此时前后搭配都要注意。例如:
He
had
a
bad
cold,because
of
which
he
didnt
attend
the
meeting.
The
speed
at
which
the
car
runs
depends
on
the
road
condition.
3.根据意思可用复杂介词，如
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )by
meansof，asa
result
of，
in
front
of，in
the
back
of，a11
Of，most
of等，例如:
The
instrument
by
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eans
of
which
the
temperature
is
measured
is
called
thermometer.
There
are
forty
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )students
in
the
classroom,
all
of
whom
ae
working
hard
at
a
problem
in
maths.
二、注意关系代词的选取。在
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“介词
+
关系代词”引导的空语从句中，如果，关系代词指事物就用
which;如果指人则用whom;若表示“…”的则用whose.例如:
This
is
the
classroom
in
which
we
studided
last
year
He
lives
in
a
house,
whose
door
opens
to
then
north.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
注意“介词
+
where”引导的定语从
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。有时有阅读过程中我们会碰到“介词
+
where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意义上加以区别。例如:
They
stood
on
the
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )op
of
the
building,
from
where
they
could
see
the
whole
city.
(
from
where
相当于)
from
the
top
of
the
building,
而不是
from
the
building)
易错起源3、关系代词as的用法
例3.
The
number
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )smokers,
is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
解析 句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正
如……，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。
答案 as
21世纪教育网
【名师点睛】
关系代词as既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
1.as引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于下列句式:
其中关系代词as在从句中可担当主语、宾语或表语。例如:
We
have
found
such
materials
as
are
used
in
their
factory.
(作主语)
Such
people
as
you
describle
are
thought
to
be
fools
nowadys.
(作宾语)
He
is
not
the
same
man
as
he
was.
(作表语)
(2)...such
as
...
这里such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as在从句中担任成分，修饰先行词such。例如:
He
turned
out
to
be
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )very
successful,which
was
more
than
we
could
expect.
As
is
known
to
all,
Edison
invented
the
telephone.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
as引导的非限制性定语从句，既
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主语之后。相同的是两者都可代指主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。例如:
He
turned
out
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be
very
successful,which
was
more
than
we
could
expect.
As
is
known
to
all,
Edison
invented
the
telephone.
1.
Creating
an
at
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mosphere
in
employees
feel
part
of
a
team
is
a
big
challenge.
答案 which
2.
He
wrote
many
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )children's
books,
nearly
half
of
were
published
in
the
1990s.
解析 句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。
答案 which
3.
The
books
on
the
desk，
covers
are
shiny，are
prizes
for
us.
解析 考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the
books，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。
答案 whose
4.
Some
expert
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
school
education
depends.
解析 句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )教育所依赖的基本技能。
考查定语从句。depend
on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词，
先行词为物，故用which。
答案 which
5.
China
Today
attrac
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts
a
worldwide
readership，
shows
that
more
and
more
people
all
over
the
world
want
to
learn
about
China.
解析 句意：《中国日报》
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。
答案 which
6.The
exact
year
Angela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China
was
2008.
答案 which/that/不填
7.I
borrowed
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )book
Sherlock
Holmes
from
the
library
last
week，
my
classmates
recommended
to
me.
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上个星期，我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的《大侦探福尔摩斯》。先行词the
book在定语从句中作recommend的宾语，所以要用关系代词，先行词是物，故用which。
答案 which
8.A
company
profits
from
home
markets
are
declining
may
seek
opportunities
abroad.
解析 考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。
答案 whose
9.We'll
reach
the
sa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )les
targets
in
a
month
we
set
at
the
beginning
of
the
year.
解析 考查定语从句。句意：一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标。先行词targets在从句中作set的宾语，故要用关系代词which。
答案 which
10.Please
send
us
all
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
information
you
have
about
the
candidate
for
the
position.
解析 考查定语从句。句意：请把所
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。先行词information在定语从句中充当have的宾语，前面又有all来修饰，故只能用that，不用which。
答案 that
11.
The
lazy
boy
is
e
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xpecting
a
way
in
he
can
get
through
the
exams
without
hard
work.
解析 考查限制性定语从句。那个懒惰的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )孩子正在期盼有一种能让他不付出努力就能通过考试的方法。虽然先行词为way，但前面有介词in，只能用关系代词which。
答案 which
12.
The
boss
company
I
worked
in
two
years
ago
has
much
experience
in
solving
such
kind
of
problem.
答案 whose
13.
So
I
dec
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ided
to
leave
home
for
New
York，
I
might
have
a
better
chance
to
find
a
good
job.
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。我决定
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到纽约去，在那里我可能会有机会找到更好的工作。先行词是New
York，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where
引导。
答案 where
14.
Third，we
may
fall
behind
others，
makes
us
stressed.
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。由前面
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的句子和逗号判断此处是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，而且是指代前面句子内容，所以用which。21世纪教育网
答案 which
15.
All
of
a
su
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dden，her
handicap
was
gone
and
all
I
saw
was
this
beautiful
girl，
smile
just
melted
me.
解析 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。
先行词girl在从句中作定语，所以要用whose。
答案 whose
16.
The
Whites
live
in
the
same
community
we
do.
解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )先行词community
前有the
same修饰，关系代词要用as，构成the
same...as结构。
答案 as
17.
In
most
Chin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ese
tea
villages，March
is
the
time
of
year
in
locals
start
to
pick
and
process
tea.
解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物只能用which。
答案 which
18.
The
old
people，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
were
very
excited
by
our
visit，told
us
their
personal
stories.
解析 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。非限制性定语从句的先行词为The
old
people，在定语从句中充当主语，故用who引导。
答案 who
19.Well，second，b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
sure
to
do
some
research
on
the
company
for
you
are
being
interviewed.
解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。本句是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，所以要用which。
答案 which
20.
The
weathe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
was
clear，the
pilots
didn't
make
any
distress
calls，and
no
debris
(碎片)
was
found
in
the
area
the
flight
last
made
contact.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
