湖南省2017中考英语 第二部分 语法专题突破 专题课件（打包15套）

课件59张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题一 名 词命题点一 名词词义辨析命题点二 名词的数命题点三 名词所有格名词语境辨析 (2016年20次，2015年
29次，2014年31次 ) 命题点一 名词词义辨析 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知，名词语境辨析是每年的必考点，包括同类名词辨析和其他语境类辨析，主要在完形填空中考查，单项填空中偶尔涉及。 同类名词即三个选项的设置属于同一类的名词。湖南近3年中考中主要包括身份类、地点类、身体器官类、时间类、饮食类、学生学习与生活类、自然类、家居类、职业类等。 针对名词的语境辨析类试题，首先应分辨三个选项的词义及用法，其次分析语境和逻辑关系，再根据词义和语境选答案，并将所选答案代入题干中验证准确性。 近义名词辨析 (2016邵阳31题，2015年
2次 ) 湖南各地市近3年中考真题中对近义名词辨析考查较少，仅在完形填空中考查。初中常见近义名词辨析列举如下：◆ travel与trip(2015邵阳31题) ◆ bus, taxi, car, bicycle与truck(2015郴州31题) ◆ job与work【具体讲解见本书P19】
◆ family, home与room 【具体讲解见本书P4】
◆ problem与question 【具体讲解见本书P30】
◆ voice, noise与sound 【具体讲解见本书P73】 名词固定搭配 (2016年4次， 2015年5次，
2014年2次 ) 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 名词的固定搭配主要在完形填空中考查， 单项填空中涉及较少(2014益阳24题)。初中常考名词固定搭配列举如下： ◆名词与介词
at the age of 在……岁时(2016岳阳41题)
the (best) way to... 做……(最好)的方法
(2016湘西42题)
different kinds of... 各种各样的……(2015岳
阳36题)
the number of...……的数量(2015岳阳39题)
the rest of＋名词 剩余的…… in a different way 以一种不同的方式
to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是
◆名词与动词
play a role in... 在……中扮演角色(2016岳
阳43题)
lose one’s way 迷路(2016娄底24题)
make trouble 制造麻烦(2015湘潭37题) make a mistake 犯错误(2015张家界40题)
have an idea 有一个主意/想法(2015益阳41题)
ask for help 寻求帮助(2014常德38题)
give some advice on... 在……方面给出一些
建议(2014益阳24题)
have a try 尝试　 learn a lesson 汲取教训 make a wish 许愿 make a promise 做承诺
make a living 谋生 make a decision 做决定
make a noise 制造噪音
make a difference 产生影响
make progress 取得进步
keep a balance 保持平衡
take an interest in sth. 对某事/物感兴趣同类名词辨析1. I want to go to the ______ to see my favorite animal.
A. zoo B. school C. factory
2. The old man can’t hear us well because there’s something wrong with his ______.
A. mouth B. ears C. eyesAB3. I’m a little hungry now. I only drank some ______ before I came to school.
A. bread B. milk C. meat
4. The New York Times is one of the most popular daily ______.
A. magazines B. newspapers C. guidebooksBB5. —Children should help their ______ do some housework on weekends.
—Yes, I agree with you.
A. friends B. parents C. classmatesB6. —What do you like to do in your spare time, Jim?
—I like ______. So I often listen to my favorite songs.
A. trip B. art C. musicC7. The ______ of Changsha is really hot, but we still like living here.
A. spring B. summer C. winter
8. The passengers’ safety depends on the _____ when the plane is flying.
A. engineer B. pilot C. teacher BB其他语境类辨析9. —Cindy, what’s your favorite ______？
—I like soccer best.
A. color B. sport C. season
10. Running in the morning is a good ______. It can make us strong and healthy.
A. habit B. success C. pityAB11. There are lots of ______ that students have to follow in school.
A. exercises B. problems C. rules
12. —I’m afraid to ask questions because of my poor ______.
—You’d better practice speaking more.
A. introduction B. pronunciation C. inventionBC13. —Finding information is not a big deal today.
—Well, the ______ is how to tell whether the information is useful or not.
A. courage B. challenge C. messageB近义名词辨析14. Tony regards Beijing as his second ______ because he has lived there for ten years.
A. family B. house C. home
15. At the foot of the hill, you can hear nothing but the ______ of the running water.
A. sound B. noise C. voiceAC16. Jack found a good ______ after graduating from college.
A. work B. job C. business B名词固定搭配17. Jack takes little ______ in drawing, but
he likes playing chess.
A. choice B. cause C. interestC18. My brother graduated from Hunan Normal University at the ______ of 22.
A. taste B. year C. ageC19. —I’m tired out these days.
—Well, you’d better keep a ______ between
work and play.
A. note B. balance C. orderB20. If you don’t know the ______ to the park, you can buy a map of this city.
A. way B. price C. dream A可数名词复数的变化规则 (2016年3次，
2015年2次， 2014年2次 ) 命题点二 名词的数 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知，可数名词复数的变化规则为常考点。主要在单项填空中考查名词复数的规则变化， 不规则变化考查较少；完形填空中尚未涉及。◆规则变化巧学妙计：以f或fe结尾的名词变复数
时，变f或fe为v，再加es的词：
半数(half)树叶(leaf)自己(self)黄，
架(shelf)后小偷(thief)忽遇狼(wolf)，
妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)来帮忙。 ◆不规则变化 易错点提醒：由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-man改为-men。但German不是合成词，故其复数形式直接加s。 public, police, family, team, group, class, crowd等集体名词，一般以单数形式出现。当它们作主语时，如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。可数名词与不可数名词的混合辨析
(2016年2次，2015年3次，2014年2次 ) 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 可数名词与不可数名词混合辨析主要在单项填空中考查， 完形填空中尚未涉及。 做此类试题时， 首先应根据限定词判断用可数名词还是不可数名词， 其次根据语境选择正确的选项。如何判断该词是可数名词还是不可数名词 先将这个名词所表示的东西一分为二， 若每一半不能再叫原来的名称时， 这个名词就是可数名词(如desk)；反之， 若每一半还可以叫原来的名称时， 这个名词就是不可数名词(如meat)。 ◆常见的修饰可数名词复数的限定词： these这些；those那些；few几乎没有；a few一些；many许多；too many太多的；a good/great many大量的；a (great/large) number of大量的；scores of大量/许多；dozens of几十/许多；大于1的具体基数词(如：35 pens) ◆常见的既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词的限定词： all全部的；some一些；enough足够的；
a lot of/lots of/plenty of许多的(其后谓语动词的数根据of 后名词的单复数而定)；
a great/large quantity of大量的(其后谓语动词用单数)；quantities of大量的(其后谓语动词用复数) ◆常见的修饰不可数名词的限定词： this这个；that那个；little几乎没有；a little一点儿；a bit of一点儿；much许多；too much太多的；a great deal of/a large amount of许多， 大量的；数词/不定冠词＋表数量的名词＋of(如：two cups of tea/milk, two glasses of water, a piece of paper) ◆初中常考的不可数名词如下： 不可数名词通常没有复数形式， 也不能直接用不定冠词a/an修饰。 ◆可数名词与不可数名词易混归纳可数名词复数的变化规则21. —How many ______ are there in the basket?
—About ten.
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomatoB22. In autumn, there are a lot of ______ on the ground.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves
23. I bought two ______ yesterday. One was for my father, and the other was for my mother.
A. watch B. watches C. watchsCB24. —Can you peel some ______ for me?
—Of course.
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoesC可数名词与不可数名词混合辨析25. —Would you like some _______？
—Oh, yes, just a little.
A. rice B. apples C. eggs
26. Tony likes ______ best of all the vegetables, because they’re healthy and fresh.
A. potato B. milk C. carrotsCA27. It cost me one hundred yuan to buy these four ______.
A. drink B. books C. coffee
28. Our teachers usually give us some ______ on how to face the difficulties and challenges.
A. advice B. advices C. wayAB命题点三 名词所有格 湖南各地市近3年中考对名词所有格的考查较少， 主要在单项填空中考查’s名词所有格(含节日类名词的所有格、单数名词的所有格、复数名词的所有格、两者或两者以上名词的所有格)。◆节日类名词的所有格 初中常见的节日类名词的所有格如下：
Women’s Day妇女节 (2015郴州22题)
New Year’s Day元旦　April Fool’s Day愚人节
Valentine’s Day情人节 Mother’s Day母亲节
Children’s Day儿童节 Father’s Day父亲节
Teachers’ Day教师节 New Year’s Eve除夕◆单数名词的所有格 普通单数名词的所有格, 直接在词尾加’s。如：
Jim’s ID card吉姆的身份证(2014岳阳26题)
my brother’s schoolbag 我哥哥/弟弟的书包(2014长沙24题)◆复数名词的所有格 1. 词尾不带s的复数名词, 在词尾直接加’s。如：
Women’s clothes妇女们的衣服
People’s rights人民的权利
2. 词尾已有s的复数名词， 只在词尾加’。如：
Students’ books学生们的书
Teachers’ office老师们的办公室 ◆两者或两者以上名词的所有格1. 表示两者及其以上共有的所有关系， 在最后 一个词的词尾加’s。如：
Tom and Tim’s room汤姆和蒂姆(共有)的房间(2015邵阳22题)
Lucy and Lily’s bedroom露西和莉莉(共有)的卧室2. 表示两者及其以上各自的所有关系， 在每个词的词尾加’s。如：
Tom’s and Tim’s rooms汤姆和蒂姆(各自)的房间 ◆of 所有格
“名词＋of＋名词”构成of所有格，此结构通常用来表示无生命事物的名词。如：
a map of China 一张中国地图 ◆双重所有格
双重所有格由“of＋名词’s”或“of＋名词性物主代词”构成。如：
a friend of my father’s我父亲的一个朋友
a photo of mine我的一张照片 29. ______ mothers are both teachers, but they teach different subjects.
A. Linda and John’s
B. Linda’s and John
C. Linda’s and John’sC30. I live near the station. It’s only about five ______ walk.
A. minute’s　　B. minutes　　C. minutes’
31. Women teachers in our school will be invited to a party on ______.
A. Women’s Day　　 B. Woman’s Day
C. Women DayCA32. The ______ smallest monkey is the finger monkey. It is only 10 cm tall.
A. world B. worlds’ C. world’s
33. There is a beautiful picture in the little ______ bedroom. She likes it very much.
A. girl B. girl’s C. girls’ CB课件73张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题七 形容词和副词第一节 形容词、副词的用法及辨析命题点一 形容词的用法及辨析命题点二 副词的用法及辨析命题点三 形容词和副词的混合辨析第二节 形容词、副词的比较等级命题点一 形容词的用法及辨析 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 形容词词义辨析是各地市的必考点， 且主要在完形填空中考查3个形容词的语境辨析(含情绪类、状态类、食品类、天气类、颜色类、身体状况类等),偶尔考查形容词的固定第一节 形容词、副词的用法及辨析搭配。单项填空中考查较少(仅2015张家界26题)。考生做此类题目， 必须熟记常见形容词的词义以及固定搭配，也可结合本书《话题词汇写作手册》进行识记。 ◆形容词的用法及位置
1. 作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：
The beautiful girl is my friend. 这个漂亮的女孩是我的朋友。
I have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。2. 作表语，放在系动词之后。如：
He looks very happy. 他看起来很开心。
3. 作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。如：
You must keep your eyes closed. 你必须闭着眼睛。 ◆常见易混形容词词义辨析
1. many与much(2015岳阳37题，2015湘西45题)2. good, well, fine与nice(2016湘西36题， 2015娄底
25题， 2014湘西22题)3. a little, little, a few与few 【具体讲解详见本书
P31】
4. too many, too much与much too 【具体讲解详
见本书P25】
5. v．-ing形容词与 v．-ed形容词【具体讲解详见
本书P11】◆常见的形容词固定搭配
1. 与of搭配
be full of 充满……(2016岳阳45题，2016邵阳35题)
be proud of... 对……感到自豪
be afraid of... 害怕……
be certain/sure of... 对……有把握
be tired of 对……厌倦2. 与in搭配
be interested in 对……感兴趣(2014永州40题)
be weak in 在……方面薄弱
be rich in 富于……， 盛产……
be successful in 在……方面成功3. 与with搭配
be angry with 生……的气(2015岳阳30题)
be busy with 忙于
be filled with 充满
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be patient with 对……有耐心
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格4. 与about搭配
be sure about对……有把握
be crazy about对……着迷
be worried about对……担忧
be sorry about对……感到遗憾
be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格
（更多形容词固定搭配见《话题词汇写作手册》）1. Mum, the soup is not ______ enough. A little more sugar, please.
A. sour　　　　B. salty　　　　C. sweet
2. Let’s open the windows to have some _____ air in.
A. cheap B. careful C. freshCC3. It is not ______ for children to play in the street.
A. safe B. healthy C. busy
4. The old man often feels _____ because his children live far away.
A. crazy B. lonely C. sleepyAB5. We should be ______ to the people in our lives who helped and supported us.
A. helpful B. careful C. grateful
6. The Monkey King can make the stick so ______ that he can put it into his ear.
A. small B. wide C. long CA7. Tina is ______ to her sister and they both have big eyes and a round face.
A. same B. similar C. different
8. —Can you get on well with your new classmates?
—Yes. They are all ______ me.
A. afraid of B. friendly to C. angry withBB9. —Why are you so tired these days?
—Because I have ______ work to do.
A. too much B. much too C. too many A命题点二 副词的用法及辨析 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知，各地市(除益阳未考查)均只在完形填空中考查副词词义辨析， 以频度副词、方式副词、程度副词和序列副词的辨析为主。因此考生在备考中， 应熟练掌握副词的词义及用法。 ◆副词的分类
1. 频度副词：
常见的频度副词及其用法： 【具体讲解详见本书P40】
2. 方式副词：
　方式副词大多由“形容词＋ly”构成。如：
　 quickly快速地； quietly安静地； carefullyhappily快乐地；loudly大声地；luckily幸运地；politely礼貌地；slowly缓慢地
3. 程度副词：
　用于被修饰的形容词或副词前、情态动词或助动词后。常见的程度副词如下：
　 also也；so如此；really真正地；quite相当，完全，十分；rather相当，颇；very非常；much许多；a lot许多；a bit少量；enough足够； too太
4. 地点副词：
　一般用于句末，和动词连用时不加介词。常见的地点副词如下：
　everywhere每个地方； here这儿； there那儿； upstairs楼上； downstairs楼下； above在上面； behind在……的后面； anywhere任何地方
5. 序列副词：
一般用于句首。常见的序列副词如下：
firstly首先； secondly其次； thirdly第三； finally最终6. 时间副词：
一般用于句末。常见的时间副词如下：
now现在； then然后； today今天； tomorrow明天；yesterday昨天； before以前； soon很快； once曾经； later后来； just now刚才； at once立刻，马上7. 关系/疑问副词：
常用来引导从句。常见的关系/疑问副词如下：
why为什么，提问或表示原因
when什么时候，提问或表示时间
where哪里，提问或表示地点
how怎么样，提问或表示方式◆副词的用法
1. 作状语。如：
He works hard. (修饰动词)他工作努力。
He parked the car very easily. (修饰副词)他很容易地把汽车停好了。
Unfortunately, he was out. (修饰整个句子)很遗憾，他出去了。2. 作表语。
作表语的副词多数表示位置或状态，如in, out, on, back, down, up, off, away, upstairs。如：
He is in. 他在(家)。
What’s on this evening？今晚演什么节目？
I must be off now. 我现在必须走了。3. 作宾语补足语。如：
Let them in. 让他们进来。
We saw her off two days ago. 两天前我们为她送行。10. Alex did the project on community service _____ better than his classmates.
A. so B. very C. much
11. I ______ ride a bike to school. But this morning, I walked to school.
A. hardly B. seldom C. usuallyCC12. —Do you like climbing the mountain?
—Yes. I ______ do it on weekends with my friends.
A. seldom B. often C. never
13. We will have to set off ______ to avoid the rush hours tomorrow morning.
A. early B. quietly C. slowlyB A14. I can’t hear you _____. There may be something wrong with my telephone.
A. carefully B. clearly C. politely
15. —I can’t find my schoolbag ______. Did you see it?
—Sorry, I didn’t.
A. anywhere B. everywhere C. somewhere BA16. —______ do you like playing ping-pong?
—Because it is relaxing.
A. When B. Why C. WhereB命题点三 形容词和副词的混合辨析 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 单项填空和完形填空中偶尔会考查形容词和副词的混合辨析(如辨析good, well与nice)。 考生在解答此类试题时， 需做到以下三点：
首先要根据空格处所修饰的成分来确定用形容词还是副词。如果空格处修饰名词， 就要用形容词；如果空格处修饰动词或形容词， 就要用副词；如果空格前是系动词或感官动词， 空格处需要用形容词作表语。2. 识记常见形容词、副词词义及用法， 根据语
境选择正确的答案。
3. 需要注意特殊形式的形容词(如friendly,
lonely, lively等)和副词(如close, hard等)，以
及固定搭配。 ◆常见的形容词与副词混合辨析：17. The noodles taste ______，and we have eaten them up.
A. good B. well C. better
18. Lily is a ______ girl. So we all like her.
A. lovely B. badly C. rudelyAA19. I think Tom will do ______ in the competition, because he is good at math.
A. good B. well C. nice
20. The weather changes ______ there. You’d better take your jacket with you.
A. heavily B. quick C. quicklyB C 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 形容词和副词的比较等级是各地市的必考点(1－2道)。主要在单项填空中考查(三个选项为同一形容词或副词的不同比较等级形式), 完形填空中考查较少。第二节 形容词、副词的比较等级 形容词的比较等级主要考查其规则变化和特殊句型；副词的比较等级主要考查其不规则变化和特殊句型。涉及的特殊句型有：the＋比较级， the＋比较级；比较级＋and＋比较级；as＋原级＋as；one of＋the＋最高级等。 考生在解答此类试题时， 需做到以下三点：
熟记形容词、副词比较等级的规则变化和不
规则变化， 以及其特殊句型；
2. 理解句意， 明确空格处所缺内容的词性、词义等， 判断本题是否为考查比较等级； 3. 分析句子结构， 寻找比较等级的关键标志词
或固定结构(如：than是比较级的标志；one of
后跟最高级；as...as中间是原级；句中有much,
a lot, rather等修饰时用比较级)得出正确答案。
若无明显的标志词， 则需考生根据语境进行
判断。 ◆比较等级的规则变化◆ 比较等级的不规则变化 ◆比较等级的用法1. Shenzhen is a modern city and it’s as _____ as Hong Kong.
A. busy B. busier C. the busiestA2. —What a blue sky it is!
—Yes. I have never seen ______ sky.
A. a more beautiful
B. a most beautiful
C. the most beautifulA3. Who is _______， Tony, David or Andy?
A. tall B. taller C. the tallestC4. With the development of the society, there will be _______ living space for wild animals.
A. fewer and fewer B. less and less
C. more and moreB5. The movie The Moon and the Sun is ______ one that I’ve ever seen this year.
A. funny B. the funniest C. funnier
6. MechanicⅡ： Resurrection(《机械师2：复活》)is one of ______ movies I like best.
A. long B. longer C. the longestBC7. Miss Li speaks as ______ as she can to make her students understand her.
A. clearly
B. more clearly
C. the most clearlyA8. —Lin Dan won the badminton game again.
—Yes. I think no one can do ______ than him.
A. well B. better C. bestB9. —Whose spoken English is better, Tom or Dick?
—Dick, of course. He speaks ______ in our class.
A. fluently B. more fluently
C. the most fluentlyC10. Tom types _______ than any other person in his office.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest B课件29张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题三 数 词命题点一 基数词与序数词命题点二 概数词命题点三 分 数命题点一 基数词与序数词 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 数词主要在单项填空中考查(长沙、常德近3年未考), 完形填空中涉及较少(2015湘西37题)。 选项设置以基数词和序数词的混合辨析为主，也会考查同一数词的不同形式(如twelve, twelfth, the twelfth)、不同数词的词义辨析(如first, second, third)。基数词变序数词的变化规则 (2016岳阳
26题， 2015年2次， 2014怀化25题 ) (注：上表中的黑体词汇为湖南各地市近3年中
考高频考词)基数词变序数词
基变序，有规律，末尾加上th;
一二三，特殊记，八加h，九去e，ve要用f替；
以y结尾变ie，后跟th莫忘记；
若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。基数词的用法 (2016年2次， 2015张家
界23题， 2014张家界23题 ) ◆表示数量。百位数与十位数之间用and连接， 十位数与个位数之间用连字符“-”。如:
150可写作：one hundred and fifty
31可写作：thirty-one(2016岳阳26题) ◆表示时间。
1. 直接表达法， 即直接读出来， 也称顺读法， “小时＋分钟”。如：
7∶05读作 seven five; 7∶30 读作 seven thirty
2. 间接表达法， 即逆读法。
在半个小时之内用“分钟＋past＋小时”(几点过几分);
超过半个小时用“分钟＋to＋小时”(几点差几分)。如：
8∶30读作half past eight；
3∶45读作a quarter to four(2015张家界23题) 整点一般用“基数词＋o’clock”。如：
5∶00读作five o’clock 3. 当表示月份时， 大于整月时， 常用and连接。如：two and a half months两个半月(2016郴州33题)
◆表示顺序。由“单数名词＋基数词”构成， 此时名词和基数词的首字母通常都要大写。如：
Grade Nine九年级；Room 105 105房间序数词的用法 (2015年6次， 2014年4次 ) ◆序数词前通常加the, 其后接单数名词。如:
He is very excited, for it is the first time to attend the sports meeting. 他很激动，因为这是他第一次参加运动会。 ◆序数词前若有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词时， 不用加the。如：
Today is Tony’s birthday. It’s his 11th birthday. 今天是托尼的生日。这是他的第11个生日。
◆序数词前面加不定冠词a或an时， 表示“又一， 再”， 内含顺序性。如： We’ve tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time？我们已试过它三次了。我们必须再试第四次吗？
◆表示日期中的“日”。如：
I would like to book a single room for September the third. 我要订一间九月三日的单人间。1. —What’s five and six?
—It’s ______.
A. eleven B. eleventh C. the eleventh
2. Father’ s Day is on the ______ Sunday in June every year.
A. second B. third C. fourthAB3. There are ______ months in a year. And a year can be divided into four seasons.
A. the twelfth B. twelve C. twelfth
4. I don’t have a brother or sister. So my parents are planning to have a ______ child.
A. first B. second C. third BB5. I expect you can be here on the ______ because nine is my lucky number.
A. ninth B. tenth C. eleventh
6. Rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her ______ birthday.
A. sixteen B. the sixteen C. sixteenthAC7. —What time is it now?
—It is ______ o’clock. Let’s watch the match on TV.
A. eight B. eighth C. the eighth A命题点二 概数词 湖南各地市近3年中考真题只在单项填空中考查概数词， 主要为“具体数字＋hundred/thou
sand/...＋可数名词复数”的用法(2015郴州23题，2014岳阳25题)、“hundreds/thousands/...＋of＋ 可数名词复数”形式(2016年5次)。 ◆表示确切的数字 当表示确切概念时， hundred, thousand, million等词与具体的数字one, two...或several, some, many等连用， 要用单数形式。如：
five hundred people 五百人
two thousand books两千本书 ◆表示不确切的数字
当表示不确切概念时， hundred, thousand, million等词与of 连用， 要用复数形式， 但前面不加具体的数字。如：
hundreds of people成百上千人
thousands of factories 成千上万家工厂 8. It’s reported that people throw ______ plastic bags along this street every day.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of
9. Nearly nine ______ foreign kids joined a British boarding school last month.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands of CA命题点三 分 数 湖南各地市近3年中考真题对分数的考查较少， 且主要在单项填空中考查分数的构成。
◆分数的构成：分子基， 分母序， 分子大于1, 分母加s。如：
2/3 two thirds(2014郴州24题)
2/5 two fifths(2014益阳35题)1/2用a half　　　　　1/4用a quarter
3/4 用three quarter ◆分数作主语时， 谓语动词的数要根据分数后面的名词的单复数而定。若名词为复数， 动词用复数形式；若名词为单数， 动词用单三形式。如： About two thirds of the students in our class like English best. 我们班大约三分之二的学生最喜欢英语。(谓语动词与students在数上保持一致)
Two thirds of the work has been finished. 三分之二的工作已完成。(谓语动词与work在数上保持一致)10. ______ students in our class like traveling. I am one of them.
A. Four fifth B. Four fifths C. Fourth fifth
11. Three fifths of the girls ______ going to join the summer camp to England.
A. was B. is C. areBC12. Two fifths of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. was B. is C. areB课件36张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题九 情态动词命题点一 情态动词的基本用法命题点二 情态动词表推测的用法命题点一 情态动词的基本用法 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 情态动词的基本用法在单项填空中是高频命题点， 完形填空中偶尔考查。常考的情态动词有：can, can’t, needn’t, must, mustn’t, may, should, won’t。选项设置上以三个选项均为肯定形式或三个选项均为否定形式为主。 ◆情态动词肯定形式的基本用法 1. 由must引导的疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用needn’t/don’t have to。如：
—Must I answer the question？我必须回答这个问题吗？
—Yes, you must/have to. /No, you
needn’t/don’t have to. 是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。 2. need作为实义动词时有人称和数的变化，常用need sth. /need to do sth. 需要某物/需要做某事。如：
She doesn’t need to see the doctor. She just needs a rest. 她不需要去看医生。她只需要休息一下。◆情态动词否定形式的基本用法1. —Jack, ______ you ride a bike?
—Yes, I can.
A. can　　　　　B. may　　　　C. need
2. —Mum, ______ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?
—I’m afraid you can’t. It is closed on Monday.
A. must B. may C. shouldAB3. There’s an important football match today. I ______ miss it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t
4. Look! The traffic light has turned red. We ______ stop our car.
A. might B. may C. must BC5. Everyone should obey the traffic laws. One ______ drive after drinking wine or beer.
A. must B. needn’t C. mustn’t
6. —Mom, must I go shopping with you?
—No, you ______. You can watch the film Doctor Strange with your friends.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’tCA7. —More and more students wear glasses in our school.
—I agree with you. Students ______ keep on doing eye exercises to protect their eyes.
A. should B. might C. mayA8. —I think we need to sit down and have a talk.
—I ______ agree more. Let’s take the bench over there.
A. could B. couldn’t C. shouldn’tB9. As middle school students, we ______ be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our dreams come true.
A. must B. shouldn’t C. need
10. —David, ______ you please sweep the floor and take out the trash?
—OK, Mum.
A. could B. may C. mustBA11. —How do you usually go to school?
—My school is far away. I ______ take the bus to school.
A. must B. might C. have to
12. There’s enough time for you to go to the airport, so you _______ hurry now.
A. can't B. mustn’t C. don’t have to CC命题点二 情态动词表推测的用法 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知，情态动词表推测的用法只在单项填空中考查，完形填空中尚未涉及。常考的表推测的情态动词有can’t和must。 在解答此类试题时， 考生可以从以下三方面着手：
1. 表示否定的推测：此类题的语境一般会对所要填的空给出提示， 据此可以判断是非常肯定的否定， 此时一般用can’t/can not；
2. 表示可能性推测：此类题一般会有相关的语境提示， 如I’m not sure, who knows等， 此时一般用may或might； 3. 表示肯定的推测：只有一种可能，或者只要语境有非常明显的肯定含义的提示词， 则直接用must。
因此考生在复习时要熟练掌握常见情态动词表推测的用法。◆情态动词表示肯定推测◆情态动词表示否定推测 13. —Is that man Mr. Smith?
—It ______ be him. He has gone to Huaihua on business.
A. must B. needn’t C. can’t C14. —Have you decided which high school to choose?
—Not yet. I ______ go to Changjun Bilingual School.
A. must B. should C. may
15. Alex has been driving three hours—he ______ be tired.
A. need B. can C. mustCC16. —Excuse me, is this the way to No. 10 Middle School?
—Oh, sorry, I’m not sure. But it ______ be.
A. must B. should C. mayC17. —Is the yellow schoolbag Linda’s?
—No, it ______ be hers. Hers is pink.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t
18. —Whose textbook is this?
—It ______ be Tom’s. His name is on it.
A. can’t B. must C. canBB19. —Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be?
—Let me see.
A. should B. can’t C. could C课件33张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题二 冠 词 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 基本上每个地市每年都会考查1道冠词的用法(题位：21题为主), 且主要在单项填空中考查， 完形填空中考查较少(2016张家界30题)。 不定冠词主要考查an用在元音音素开头的单词前；a主要用在表泛指或固定搭配中。
定冠词主要考查the用于表特指、双方都知道的名词前、形容词最高级前、序数词或西洋乐器前,也会与不定冠词混合考查。
零冠词考查较少，主要考查用于棋类或球类名词前、与by连用的交通工具前。不定冠词a/an (2016年6次，2015年5次，2014年5次 ) ◆不定冠词a/an的基本用法◆不定冠词a的常见固定搭配 take a bus 乘坐公交车(2016怀化21题)
have a great/good time 玩得愉快(2015怀化21题)
have a look 看一看　 have a cold 感冒
have a walk 散步 have a try 试一试
have a rest 休息 for a while 一会儿
have a talk 谈话 keep a diary 写日记
in a hurry匆忙 do sb. a favor帮助某人◆不定冠词用于元音字母开头的单词前 定冠词the的用法 (2016年2次， 2015年
5次，2014年5次 ) ◆定冠词the的基本用法◆定冠词the的常见固定搭配 go to the station去车站(2016邵阳21题)
go to the cinema去电影院
the number of...……的数量
in the end最终
at the moment现在；此刻
in the open air在户外
on the other hand另一方面all the time一直
at the same time同时
at the beginning of在……的开始
at the end of在……的结尾；在……的尽头
at the age of...在……岁时
in the middle of在……中间
by the way顺便问一下，顺便说一下 定冠词的基本用法
特指双熟悉，上文已提及；
世上独无二，序数最高级；
普通专有名，习语及乐器。零冠词的用法 (2016年2次， 2014邵阳
21题 ) ◆零冠词的基本用法◆零冠词的常见固定搭配 at home在家 at first/last 首先/最后
at noon/night在中午/夜晚
in fact事实上 in time及时
in surprise惊奇地 on time准时
on foot步行 on holiday在度假
on show展览，在展出 on duty值日 by mistake 错误地
day and night 日日夜夜
hand in hand 手拉手
side by side 肩并肩 day by day 一天天
face to face 面对面 for example 例如
from beginning to end 自始至终 节日前一般不加冠词， 但我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前， 要加the。如：the Spring Festival春节。零冠词的基本用法
代词限定词之前，球类学科和三餐；
专有名词不可数，星期月份季节前；
复数名词表泛指，颜色游戏和感官；
交通方式和节日，习俗称谓和头衔。1. It’s ______ good habit to have breakfast every morning.
A. a B. an C. the
2. When you meet with difficulties, don’t be afraid. Just have ______ try!
A. an B. a C. theAB3. Tom is ______ honest boy, so we all believe in him.
A. a B. an C. the
4. Mr. Smith is ______ old man and he likes walking his dog after ______ supper.
A. a; the B. an; a C. an; /BC5. Sally started to play ______ violin at the age of ten.
A. a B. an C. the
6. I plan to visit ______ Great Wall in the coming summer holiday.
A. a B. the C. /CB7. Some movies can make you laugh and cry at ______ same time.
A. a B. an C. the
8. Allan is going to Changsha by _____ plane to attend a meeting.
A. a B. the C. /CC9. My little brother likes playing ______ chess in his spare time, but I like reading.
A. a B. the C. /
10. We still need half ______ hour to finish the work.
A. a B. an C. the CB11. The boy over there is my cousin who is studying in ______ university.
A. a B. an C. the
12. Our headteacher is always ______ first one to get to school every morning.
A. a B. the C. /AB13. Comedy Story is really _____ interesting program. I watch it every Friday evening.
A. a B. an C. the B课件61张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题五 介 词命题点一 时间介词 命题点二 方式介词命题点三 地点、方位介词命题点四 其他常见介词命题点五 介词固定搭配及介词短语命题点一 时间介词 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 时间介词是单项填空中的高频命题点， 主要考查时间介词on, in与at的辨析(on用于具体某一天前；in用于季节、月份前；at用于具体时刻前)。完形填空中也会考查on, in与at的辨析以及其他时间介词的基本用法。 ◆辨析on, in与at(2016年4次， 2015年3次，2014年6次) ◆辨析before, after与since(2016永州20题) ◆for指动作延续贯穿整个过程， 后接时间段， 谓语动词须用延续性动词。(2015邵阳38题)
◆from自从。说明开始的时间， 谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。
◆by＋时间点。意为“到……为止”。若by＋过去的时间点， 句子谓语动词用过去完成时。 ◆during＋时间段。意为“在……期间”。与延续性动词连用表示某一段时间内的动作。
◆until用于否定句中时， 意为“直到……才”， 谓语动词用瞬间性(短暂性)动词；用于肯定句中时， 意为“直到……为止”， 谓语动词用延续性动词。1. We usually have the first class ______ 8：00 in the morning.
A. in B. on C. at
2. She came to Yongzhou ______ 2008 with her parents.
A. at B. on C. inCC3. The Dragon Boat Festival will come ______ four days.
A. after B. for C. in
4. We should thank our mother every day, not just ______ Mother’s Day.
A. in B. on C. atCB5. You’d better take a walk ______ having dinner. It’s good for your health.
A. during B. before C. after
6. I have studied here ______ nearly three years. I’ve learned a lot in the past three years.
A. for B. since C. inCA7. —Our class will have a party ______ the evening of June 30th. Would you like to come?
—I’d love to, but I’m going to visit my grandparents in Huaihua.
A. in B. on C. atB命题点二 方式介词 湖南各地市近3年中考主要在单项填空中考查方式介词by的用法， 偶尔考查其他方式介词(如with和on)。 ◆by, with, in与on表“用”(2016湘潭26题， 2015年2次， 2014年2次) ◆by, in与on表交通方式【具体讲解详见本
书P20】8. The disabled girl can draw pictures ______ her toes.
A. on B. by C. with
9. His books are very popular. You can find they are on sale ______ many languages.
A. in B. to C. withCA10. I live far from my school, so I always go to school _______ bus.
A. by B. on C. in
11. We usually search some useful information ______ the Internet.
A. with B. on C. in AB12. —How do you improve your English listening?
—I improve it ______ watching English movies.
A. with B. on C. by C命题点三 地点、方位代词 湖南各地市近3年中考真题对地点介词和方位介词的考查比较少， 主要在单选填空中考查(辨析in, at, on与to)，完形填空中尚未涉及。 ◆辨析in, at, on与to(2014益阳22题)1. in＋较大地点； at＋较小地点。如：
Uncle Tom lives on a farm in the country. 汤姆叔叔住在乡下的一个农场里。(2014益阳22题)
Jack lives at No. 27, Renmin Road. 杰克住在人民路27号。2. 包含在整体内部的用in，接壤用on，不相邻
用to。B is in the east of A.
C is on the east of A.
D is to the east of A. 如：
Shandong is in the east of China. 山东在中国东部。
Jiangxi is on the east of Hunan. 江西在湖南东部。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。 ◆辨析near, beside, next to与behind◆辨析over, above与on◆辨析in front of与in the front of 【具体讲解详
见本书P30】
◆辨析across, over与through 【具体讲解详见本
书P30】
◆辨析among与between 【具体讲解详见本书
P82】13. I like sitting ______ the window because I can get a better view of the sea there.
A. above B. under C. beside
14. Last year, I went to Cambridge which lies ______ the east of England.
A. on B. to C. inCC15. Listen! There are some birds singing ______ the tree.
A. on B. at C. in
16. He is the cleverest ______ these children. He always comes up with ideas that others can’t imagine.
A. against B. among C. betweenCB命题点四 其他常见介词 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 介词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查without, with, from, after的用法。具体用法如下： ◆without没有(2016郴州42题， 2015娄底33题， 2015常德27题)。如：
The bus driver stopped the bus without thinking twice. 这名公交车司机毫不犹豫地停下了公交车。
◆with随着……， 和……在一起(2016邵阳37题， 2015湘西41题)。如： At that time, a woman with a crying baby walked to him. 正在那时， 一位带着一个正在哭的婴儿的妇女向他走来。
◆from从， 来自(2014邵阳31题， 2014湘西36题)。如：
Once a young woman from England went to Hong Kong to work. 曾经一个来自英国的年轻女子去香港工作。 ◆like像……一样。如：
I’m lucky to have a wonderful daughter like you. 我很幸运能拥有像你这样棒的女儿。
◆as作为。如：
As students, we should study hard and obey the school rules. 作为学生， 我们应该努力学习并遵守校规。 ◆against对抗， 和……竞争。如：
Our team played against yours yesterday. 昨天我们队和你们队比赛了。
◆辨析except, besides与but【具体讲解详见本书P102】17. —Do you remember what she looked like when you first met her?
—Of course. She was tall and thin ______ long hair.
A. in B. with C. onB18. The moon tonight is ______ a plate. It is so round.
A. like B. as C. against
19. ______ doctors, they should put the patients in the first place.
A. As B. Like C. ForAA20. Could you please give me a hand? I can’t complete the task on time ______ your help.
A. without B. under C. with
21. All of us went to the cinema ______ Linda. She was still busy with her work.
A. except B. including C. besides AA命题点五 介词固定搭配及介词短语 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 单项填空和完形填空中主要考查了介词与名词、介词与动词、介词与形容词的固定搭配。介词固定搭配 (2016年6次， 2015年5次 ) ◆常见的介词与名词搭配
to one’s surprise令某人惊奇的是(2016娄底29题)
on the one hand一方面(2016永州33题)
on your right在你的右边(2016湘西31题)
on the radio通过无线电广播
on one’s way to在某人去……的路上
by the way顺便说一句in the air在传播中，在空中
in a word总之
in a low voice小声地
in the distance在远处
out of breath上气不接下气
at the same time同时◆常见的介词与动词搭配
look forward to期待， 期望(2016郴州31题)
think of想起， 想出(2016益阳39题)
thank sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人(2015湘潭26
题)
praise sb. for doing sth. 因做某事赞扬某人
(2015郴州37题)live in...住在……(2015永州38题)
move sb. from sth. 把某人从某物处移开(2015娄底37题)
lend...to...把……借给……
belong to属于　　 point to指向， 表明
listen to听 look at看
laugh at嘲笑 wait for等待pay for支付 learn about了解， 知道
take part in参加 go on with继续
catch up with追上 come up with提出， 想出
have nothing to do with...与……无关◆常见的介词与形容词搭配
be busy with... 忙于……(2016永州34题)
be good for 对……有好处(2015永州17题)
be strict with 对……要求严格
be angry with 生……的气
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be proud of 为……感到自豪be tired of 厌倦
be afraid of 害怕
be short of 短缺
be short for... ……的缩写
be ready for 为……做准备
be late for... 因……而迟到
be famous/known for 因……而出名be famous/known as 作为……而出名
be friendly to对……友好
be similar to与……相似
be absent from缺席
be different from与……不同
更多固定搭配见《话题词汇写作手册》介词短语 (2015娄底38题， 2014年8次 ) 湖南各地市近3年中考真题主要在完形填空中考查介词短语，主要为“介词＋名词”结构。常见的介词短语归纳如下：◆in＋名词
in the beginning在开始的时候(2014张家界40题)
in public在公共场合　 in English 用英语
in time及时 in style流行
in silence沉默地 in fact实际上
in this way用这种方式 in person亲自
in danger 处于危险中 in trouble处于困境中◆on＋名词
on foot步行(2014娄底22题，2014湘西31题)
on duty值班 on holiday度假
on sale出售 on time准时
on business出差 on display陈列，展览◆at＋名词
at last最后(2014岳阳42题， 2014湘潭40题)
at night在晚上 at noon 在中午
at present现在， 目前 at home在家
at sea在海上 at birth出生时
at times偶尔， 有时 at least至少◆by＋名词
by bike/bus/train骑自行车/乘公交车/坐火车
(2014湘西31题)
by hand用手工， 用手 by accident偶然地
by nature天生地 by mistake错误地◆其他常见介词短语
thanks to 多亏了(2015娄底38题)
under pressure 在压力下(2014娄底35题)
by oneself 靠某人自己(2014娄底40题)
because of 因为
according to根据， 按照
in one’s opinion依某人看 　 to start with首先
instead of代替， 而不是 as for至于22. The weather here is quite different ______ that of my hometown.
A. as B. from C. with
23. A large number of people were waiting ______ the opening ceremony to start.
A. by B. in C. forBC24. Before you go to a new place, you need to learn more ______ it.
A. about B. with C. by
25. ______ my surprise, Jin Ming was chosen into our school football team.
A. To B. At C. InAA26. —Has Mike received his mother’s mail?
—Yes, he signed for it ______ this morning.
A. in fact B. in person C. in silence
27. ______ the No. 48 bus driver, all the passengers were saved.
A. Thanks to B. According to C. As forBA28. —Do you miss Mr. Chen?
—Yes, I do. ______，have you ever heard from him since he left?
A. By the way B. On the way C. In the way
29. There will be many kinds of new models ______ in December. Lots of foreigners will visit them.
A. on duty B. on holiday C. on showAC课件48张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题八 动 词第一节 动词的分类及辨析命题点一 动词语境辨析命题点二 近义动词辨析第二节 动词短语第一节 动词的分类及辨析
命题点一 动词语境辨析 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 动词语境辨析是完形填空的必考点(1－4道), 单项填空中偶尔考查。选项设置：完形填空中以3个实义动词的语境辨析为主， 单项填空主要考查系动词的用法辨析(2016郴州22题，2015张家界30题)。1. —It’s said that this kind of tofu smells terrible.
—That’s true. But it _______ delicious.
A. feels B. sounds C. tastes
2. Jiang Dunhao’s songs _______ very wonderful and he became the winner of Sing！China in 2016.
A. looked B. sounded C. smelledCB3. The meat on the plate ______ so delicious. Let’s taste it together.
A. smells B. feels C. sounds
4. Dreams are beautiful. However, to ______ them needs lots of time and work.
A. advise B. find C. achieveAC5. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to ______ it first because sometimes it is a little dirty.
A. stop B. plant C. wash C6. —What’s wrong with Simon? He isn’t at school today.
—His legs hurt. He was ______ by a motorcycle this morning.
A. treated B. hit C. operated
7. The movie is so interesting that I don’t ______ seeing it again tomorrow.
A. hate B. mind C. likeBB8. The running water makes the stones ______ very smooth.
A. sound B. taste C. feel
9. —Do you ______ that Anna has been a little upset these days?
—Yes, she didn’t even say a word this afternoon.
A. hear B. notice C. touchCB10. He was wearing a pair of sunglasses and I didn’t _____ him at first.
A. recognize B. promise C. teach
11. —The school network will be shut down for safety reasons.
—That doesn’t ______ me at all. I’m not a net worm, anyway.
A. satisfy B. surprise C. worry CA12. We don’t have enough books for everyone, so you’ll have to ______.
A. share B. explain C. belongA命题点二 近义动词辨析 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 单项填空和完形填空中偶尔会考查近义动词辨析， 如“说”(tell, talk, speak与say)和“花费”(take, cost, spend与pay)。以下为几组常见的近义动词辨析：
说：speak, tell, talk 与say 【具体讲解详见本
书P19】
2. 看：watch, look, see与read 【具体讲解详见本书P11】
3. 拿：bring, take, get与carry 【具体讲解详见本书P24】4. 给：give, offer, provide与supply 【具体讲解
详见本书P46】
5. 花费：spend, pay, take与 cost 【具体讲解详
见本书P30】
6. 听：listen, hear与sound 【具体讲解详见本书
P24】7. 到达：reach, arrive与get to 【具体讲解详见本
书P46】
8. 借：borrow, lend与keep 【具体讲解详见本书
P68】
9. 发现：discover, invent与create 【具体讲解详见
本书P86】10. 分开：separate与divide 【具体讲解详见本书
P109】
11. 赢：win与beat 【具体讲解详见本书P20】
12. 实现：achieve与come true 【具体讲解详见本
书P20】
13. 发生：happen与take place 【具体讲解详见本
书P20】13. It was such a long way that they didn’t _____ the hotel until it got dark.
A. reach B. arrive C. get
14. It’s reported that Chinese ______ more than 40 minutes a day reading WeChat.
A. spend B. take C. payAA15. There was something wrong with my phone. I couldn’t ______ you clearly.
A. listen B. sound C. hear
16. —Where did you get the CD?
—From my friend. And I have ______ it for three days.
A. borrowed B. kept C. lentB C17. —Would you please ______ me that book?
—OK. Wait a moment.
A. bring B. take C. carryA 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 基本上每年都会在单项填空或完形填空中考查1道动词短语。 对动词短语的考查分为三种形式：
1. 相同动词＋不同介词/副词(2016年3次， 2015年7次， 2014年6次)第二节 动词短语 2. 不同动词＋不同介词/副词(2016郴州27题， 2015年2次， 2014益阳39题)
3. 不同动词＋相同介词/副词(2016年4次， 2015年2次， 2014年2次)
常见的动词短语如下： ◆相同动词＋不同介词/副词◆不同动词＋相同介词/副词 1. —Do you know our new manager?
—Yes. He ______ to be my brother’s friend.
A. turns up B. turns in C. turns out Cturn短语2. —Could you _____ the computer for me, dear? I want to check my e-mails.
—Certainly, I’ll do it right away.
A. turn on B. turn down C. turn offA3. Never _______ till tomorrow what should be done today.
A. put off B. put up C. put on
4. —Sir, it’s a no-smoking area here. Could
you please ______ your cigarette?
—Sorry, I will do it right now.
A. put out B. put away C. put down Aput短语A5. ______ the past three years, I can remember many wonderful memories.
A. Looking up to
B. Looking forward to
C. Looking back at Clook 短语6. Helen is going to work in an old people’s home to help _______ the old people.
A. look for
B. look after
C. look throughB7. —What do you plan to do after the entrance examination?
—I’d like to _______ a new hobby to make my free time colorful.
A. take away B. take out C. take up
8. Little Tom is an honest boy. He never ______ people around him.
A. takes off B. takes in C. takes down Ctake 短语B9. Many rich people are willing to _______ some of their property to the charities after their death.
A. give up B. give out C. give away
10. In spring, many flowers ______ a nice smell. It’s the time to have a trip around.
A. give back B. give in C. give offCgive 短语C11. Maybe after three years, you will ______ your dream college. So work hard now!
A. get over B. get in C. get upBget 短语12. —What do you want to do in the future, Allen?
—I want to ______ a Hope School to help the children who can’t go to school.
A. set out B. set off C. set upCset 短语13. Bob is taking the desks away because they ______ too much room.
A. stand up B. pick up C. take up
14. Sportsmen wanted to arrive earlier so that they could have time to ______ before the race.
A. warm up B. hurry up C. get upCup 短语A15. —What’s wrong with you, Eric? You look tired.
—I _____ to prepare for the final exam last night.
A. grew up B. woke up C. stayed up C16. —How can I make more friends, Mrs. Miller?
—Be friendly and ______ others.
A. dream about
B. talk about
C. care aboutCabout 短语17. —Did you ______ the news that he would go to Peking University.
—Yes, he told me.
A. bring about
B. hear about
C. learn aboutB18. —These problems are too hard to ______. Could you give me some advice?
—Sure, I think you should have a careful plan.
A. work out B. look out C. hand outAout 短语19. After all the students sat on their seats, the teacher ______ the examination papers.
A. broke out
B. brought out
C. handed outC20. —Please ______ the tigers. It’s dangerous to take photos with them.
—Oh, I see. Thank you.
A. keep off B. get off C. shut off
21. I was late for school today, because my alarm clock didn’t ______.
A. go off B. drop off C. give off Aoff 短语A22. In order to protect the environment, we shouldn’t ______ the trees.
A. turn down B. put down C. cut down
23. It is important to ______ our good traditions from generation to generation.
A. hand down B. break down C. pull downCdown 短语A24. It’s getting dark. Would you please ______ the light?
A. laugh at B. listen to C. turn on
25. It is snowing outside, so I need a thick coat to ______ the cold.
A. help out B. take away C. keep outC不同动词+不同介词/副词C26. On Mid-Autumn Day, the family members always try to go home to ______ in China.
A. get together B. cheer up C. slow downA课件40张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题六 连 词命题点一 并列连词命题点二 从属连词命题点一 并列连词 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 并列连词是各地市中考的必考点。
选项设置以3个并列连词的用法辨析为主。因此考生平时应熟记各个并列连词的用法。 ◆or, but, and与so◆并列连词词组1. —What would you like to drink, tea ______ milk?
—Tea, please.
A. but B. and C. or
2. I live near the sea, ______ I am not good at swimming.
A. and B. but C. so CB3. This is a photo of my family. These are my parents ______ this is my little brother Frank.
A. so B. but C. and
4. It is going to rain, ______ we have to go home right away.
A. and B. or C. soCC5. —I hear _______ your grandpa _______ your grandma like dancing in their free time.
—Right, just as many old people do.
A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; norA6. At school, we are taught _______ knowledge _______ how to behave well.
A. neither; nor
B. either; or
C. not only; but alsoC7. —Must we go there together at once?
—No. ______ you ______ he goes there. Only one is needed.
A. Both; and
B. Neither; nor
C. Either; or C命题点二 从属连词 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 从
属连词是各地市的必考点(除邵阳近3年未考查)
主要在单项填空中考查because, although /though, unless, if的用法。完形填空中考查较少。 选项设置有两个特点：①3个从属连词的用法辨析；②从属连词与并列连词混合辨析。因此考生应熟练掌握各个从属连词和并列连词的用法。 ◆引导原因状语从句的从属连词 ◆引导条件状语从句的从属连词 ◆引导时间状语从句的从属连词
1. before与as soon as2. when与while3. until 【具体讲解详见本书P58】
◆引导让步状语从句的从属连词 ◆引导目的状语从句的从属连词【具体讲解详见本书P20】◆引导结果状语从句的从属连词 8. ______ Mike didn’t win the race, he was still wearing a smile on his face.
A. If B. Since C. Although
9. ______ we keep our hearts open, we can experience the happiness that friendship brings us.
A. Since B. If C. UnlessCB10. ______ you smile at others, they will smile back.
A. Before B. When C. Until
11. Julie didn’t leave her office ______ the police arrived.
A. however B. whenever C. untilB C12. There will be less pollution ______ more people use public transportation.
A. but B. though C. if
13. ______ the math problem is difficult, I’ll try my best to work it out.
A. Though B. When C. Before CA14. —Shall we go for a picnic at the Yuelu Mountain tomorrow?
—Yes, ______ it rains heavily.
A. if B. unless C. untilB15. —What were you doing at this time last night?
—I was reading ______ my brother was playing computer games.
A. while B. when C. unlessA16. —Jenny, will you leave for the USA now?
—No. It will be two weeks ______ I leave here.
A. until B. since C. before
17. —How long will you stay here?
—______ I finish my work, I’ll go back home.
A. As soon as B. In order to C. So thatCA18. We didn’t enjoy the day _____ the weather was so awful.
A. since B. unless C. becauseC课件43张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题十一 动词的时态 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 动词的时态是各地市的必考点。主要在单项填空中考查， 完形填空中考查较少(2016岳阳43题， 2016湘西39题， 2016湘西43题)。 考查点以现在完成时、过去进行时、一般过去时和一般现在时(主要为“主将从现”的用法)
为主， 一般将来时和现在进行时考查较少， 过去完成时仅考查过一次(2015湘潭34题)。考查形式有单句和对话， 且设空主要为1空， 偶尔涉及2空， 大部分会有明显的时间标志词。 ◆常考七类动词时态的用法和构成 ◆动词时态的判断技巧
1. 根据时间状语确定时态
【典例剖析】(2016湘潭29题)
Marcus is our foreign teacher. He ________ in our school for two years.
A. was　 　　　B. will be　 　　C. has been 点拨：第①步：分析语境：Marcus是我们的外教。他______在我们学校两年了。第②步：分析三个选项的时态。A项：一般过去时；B项：一般将来时；C项：现在完成时。第③步：根据时间标志词或语境判断时态。根据题干中的时间标志词“for two years”是完成时的标志可知选C。2. 在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态
(1)“主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时，从句是由 when, not...until, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句以及由 if引导的条件状语从句，则从句应用一般现在时表将来。 (2)在主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示的两个动作都发生在过去，而且存在明显的先后顺序，那么延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when和while引导的时间状语从句中出现。【典例剖析】(2016长沙23题)
—I think I’ll take a bus to the meeting.
—The bus? If you ______， you will be late.
A. do B. have done C. will do 点拨：第①步：分析语境“我想我将乘公交车去开会。”“公交车？如果你______，你将会迟到。” 第②步：分析三个选项的时态。A项：一般现在时；B项：现在完成时；C项：一般将来时。第③步：找时间标志词或分析语境判断时态。分析题干可知，挖空句为if引导的条件状语从句，应遵循“主将从现”原则。本题主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时。故选A。 3. 根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态
这类试题虽然看起来没有时间状语提示词，也不是出现在复合句中，但是上下句的动作存在着明显的时间顺序差距，此时可根据上下句已有的时态来判断本句所要使用的时态。【典例剖析】(2015张家界31题)
He almost fell down. But he ______.
A. didn’t B. doesn’t C. won’t 点拨：第①步：分析语境：他差点摔倒了。但是他______。第②步：But表示转折，且并列句中前后句的时态一般保持一致。前句为一般过去时，则后句也应为一般过去时。故选A。 4. 根据时态中的“特殊”对象(如客观真理)确定时态
当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、格言或现在的习惯性行为时，其谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的影响，要用一般现在时。如：
Our physics teacher told us light travels faster than sound. 我们的物理老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。 不宜用进行时态的动词
◆表示心理状态、情感的动词，如：love, like, hate, care, know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, agree, wish, mean等；
◆表示存在的动词，如： be, lie(位于)等； ◆表示一瞬间就发生的动作，如： get, buy, end, receive 等。如：
I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。(表示情感)
Mexico lies to the south of Texas. 墨西哥位于德克萨斯州的南边。(表示存在)Grace ______ this game every time we
play it.
A. wins B. won C. will winA含标志词2. My grandparents ______ in Yueyang since 2014.
A. will live B. live C. have lived
3. Many people in the city ______ their bikes to work every day.
A. ride B. will ride C. rode CA4. —A nice car! Is it yours?
—No, it isn’t. I ______ it from a friend of mine two days ago.
A. borrow B. have borrowed C. borrowed
5. —Have you finished the poster for the party?
—Not yet. I ______ it in two days.
A. finish B. finished C. will finishCC6. —Have you watched the movie Soulmate?
—Yes, I ______ it last night with my sister.
A. have watched　　　　　　
B. watched
C. will watch B7. Please wait. She ______ to you in a few minutes.
A. talked B. have talked C. will talk
8. All of my students ______ great progress in both thoughts and behaviors in the last three years.
A. made B. make C. have madeCC9. I saw Jeff in the park. He _____ on the grass and reading a book at that time.
A. sits B. sat C. was sitting
10. —Do you have any ideas about the competition?
—I will let you know the result as soon as I ______ the news.
A. get B. will get C. gotCA11. —Amy, can we give away these soft toys? We ______ them for many years.
—Yes, mom, but I want to keep the bear.
A. were having 　 B. had C. have hadC12. —Hello. May I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Hello. This is Joan. Mr. Smith ______ a meeting at the moment.
A. is having B. had C. was havingA13. —What’s wrong with you?
—I missed the school bus. By the time I got to the stop, the school bus ______ for 10 minutes.
A. had left
B. has been away
C. had been awayC14. Keep quiet. Mom ______ in the next room. She worked the whole night yesterday.
A. slept B. is sleeping C. has sleptB根据语境判断15. —Is your mother a teacher?
—Yes, she is. She _____ at a junior high school.
A. taught B. teaches C. will teach B16. —Did you watch the football match on TV last night?
—I wanted to, but my mother ______ her favorite TV program.
A. watches B. watched C. was watchingC17. —Miss Lin ______ my deskmate with her lessons when I left school.
—She is really a nice teacher.
A. helps B. is helping C. was helping C18. —Cathy, can you answer the door? I ______ the room.
—Yes, mum.
A. clean B. cleaned C. am cleaning
19. —Where’s Mr. Green?
—He ______ to Changsha.
A. has gone B. have gone C. has been CA课件63张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题十三 简单句命题点一 五大基本句型命题点二 疑问句命题点三 感叹句命题点四 祈使句命题点五 倒装句命题点一 五大基本句型 五大基本句型的句式结构如下： 他们把门漆成白色。时间飞逝。晚餐闻起来很美味。他们吃了一些苹果。我给她展示了我的照片。1. 你的故事很完美。
__________________
2. 我哥哥很少去爬山。
____________________________________
3. 孩子们经常唱这首歌。
_________________________Your story is perfect. My brother seldom climbs the mountains. Children often sing this song. 4. 她向她的朋友们展示了她所有的照片。
__________________________________
5. 我们应该保持教室干净、整洁。
_______________________________________
6. 他每年夏天都会在河里游泳。
________________________________She showed her friends all her pictures. We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. He swims in the river every summer. 命题点二 疑问句 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 疑问句是湖南中考的常考点(怀化、郴州、常德未考)。单项填空中主要考查反意疑问句、特殊疑问句的疑问词辨析(包括How词组辨析)，偶尔涉及一般疑问句。完形填空中较少考查特殊疑问词词义辨析。考生在复习中需要重点掌握各类疑问句的具体用法及句式结构。一般疑问句 (2014岳阳24题，2014张家
界32题) 一般疑问句是用yes或no来回答的疑问句, 一般有三种形式：
1. Be＋主语＋其他？如：
—Is she from England? 她来自英格兰吗？
—Yes, she is./No, she isn’t. 是的， 她是。/
不， 她不是。2. 情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？如：
—Must I finish the report today? 我今天必须完成报告吗？
—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. 是的， 你必须。/不， 你不需要。3. 助动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？如：
—Did she like dancing when she was young？她小时候喜欢跳舞吗？
—Yes, she did./No, she didn't. 是的， 她喜欢。/不， 她不喜欢。 以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句的变化较为简单， 只需要选择恰当的特殊疑问词， 再加上一般疑问句即可。 特殊疑问句 (2016年4次， 2015年3次，
2014年6次) 特殊疑问词的常见用法如下：※注：How词组【具体讲解详见本书P20】 ◆反意疑问句的用法
反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原
则。即陈述部分为肯定时， 疑问部分为否定；陈述部分为否定时， 疑问部分为肯定。如：反意疑问句 (2016永州26题， 2015益阳
28题， 2014年2次) It’s Father’s Day today, isn’t it？今天是父亲节， 不是吗？(2015益阳28题)
She has been to Shanghai, hasn’t she? 她去过上海了， 不是吗？(2014益阳32题)
Your school is very beautiful, isn’t it? 你们学校很漂亮， 不是吗？2. 当前面的陈述部分含有few, little, never, no,
nothing, hardly, seldom等否定词时， 其后的
疑问部分应用肯定形式。如：
David never fights with his classmates, does
he？大卫从不和他的同学打架， 是吗？(2016
永州26题)There is little milk in the fridge, is there？冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了，是吗？
—Jim had nothing for breakfast this morning, did he？吉姆早上没有吃早餐，是吗？
—No. He got up too late. 是的。他起床太晚了。3. 以Let’s开头的反意疑问句，反意疑问部分
用shall we；以Let us开头的反意疑问句，反
意疑问部分用will you。如：
Let’s go and play basketball, shall we？咱们去
打篮球，好吗？
Let us have a break, will you？让我们休息一
下， 好吗？◆反意疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句的回答， 如果事实是肯定的， 就用Yes；事实是否定的， 就用No。如：
①—You’re not good at biology, are you? 你不
擅长生物， 是吗？
—Yes, I am. 不， 我擅长。(2014娄底30题)②—Tim didn’t go to school yesterday, did
he？蒂姆昨天没有去上学，是吗？
—Yes, he did, though he caught a cold.
不， 他去了，尽管他感冒了。 陈述句部分是否定结构、反意疑问部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语意思正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。 选择疑问句 给出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中一般用or连接，回答时不能使用yes或no，而要用一个完整的句子或省略形式。如：①—Do you like apples or pears？你喜欢苹果
还是梨？
—Pears. 梨。
②—Which would you like better, tea or
coffee？你更喜欢哪一个，茶还是咖啡？
—I like coffee better. 我更喜欢咖啡。 7. 你喜欢春天还是夏天？
___________________________
8. 今天是儿童节， 不是吗？
_____________________________
9. 他昨天没有去聚会， 是吗？
_____________________________________Do you like spring or summer?Today is Children’s Day, isn’t it? He didn’t go to the party yesterday, did he? 10. —_____ do you think of the book I bought yesterday?
—I think it is worth reading.
A. What B. How C. WhichA11. —______ have you lived in Zhuzhou?
—Since my parents found jobs here.
A. How long B. How far C. How soon
12. We have to finish the work now, ______？
A. don’t we B. haven’t we C. do weAA13. —Do you know ______ the Qomolongma is?
—It’s 8，848 meters. It’s very hard to climb the mountain.
A. how deep B. how long C. how high
14. —Don’t be late for school next time, _____？
—No, I won’t.
A. are you B. will you C. do you CB15. —______ do you want to see the School Uniform Exhibition?
—To learn about different styles of school uniforms.
A. What B. Where C. Why
16. Let’s go to the gym to relax at the weekend, ______？
A. will you B. won’t you C. shall we CC命题点三 感叹句 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 感叹句是单项填空的必考点(除张家界), 主要考查What和How引导的感叹句， 较少涉及“What＋a”形式。完形填空中偶尔考查(2014怀化36题)。 考生在解答此类试题时， 应注意以下两点:
空格后是“形容词＋名词(＋句子)”形式， 则考虑
为What引导的感叹句。若该名词为可数名词单数，则用What a/an；若该名词为不可数名词或名词复数， 则用What。
2. 若空格后是“形容词/副词＋句子”形式或“形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋句子”形式， 则用How。因此在复习中， 考生需重点掌握What和How引导的感叹句的基本结构。 【典例剖析】(2016株洲31题)
_______ pleasant journey it is!
A. How　 　 　B. What　 　 　C. What a 点拨：第①步：分析句子结构：空格后是“形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语”，则先排除How；第②步：空格后的中心名词journey为可数名词单数，且pleasant为辅音音素开头的单词，结合what引导感叹句的结构可知，此处用What a。故选C。 ◆感叹句的结构感叹句用法
感叹句，表情感，how与what放句前。
名词词组跟what，how与形副紧相连。
为使句子更简明，后面主谓常隐形。17. 多么精彩的一场表演啊！
___________________________
18. 多么勇敢的男孩啊！
____________________
19. 自由想象对孩子们来说是多么重要啊！
_______________________________________What an exciting performance！ How brave a boy he is! How important it is for kids to imagine freely! 20. ______ great fun we had in the park last Sunday!
A. How B. What C. What a
21. ______ good job she does! She is really a clever girl.
A. What a B. How C. What
22. ______ delicious the food is in Hong Kong!
A. How B. What C. What a BAA命题点四 祈使句 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 祈使句只在单项填空中考查， 且均考查其否定形式(don’t)。 考生在解答此类试题时， 首先应明确本题是考查非谓语动词还是祈使句。如果句子缺少谓语动词， 则是祈使句；如果句子不缺少谓语动词， 则考查非谓语动词。同时， 考生也应熟记一些祈使句常用的句型。祈使句的具体结构如下：23. 不要踩踏草坪。
_____________________
24. 当你过马路时， 不要玩手机。
_______________________________________
___________________ Don’t walk on the grass. Don’t play with your mobile phone while you are crossing the street. 25. Please ______ over your exam papers once again before handing them in.
A. going B. went C. go
26. ______ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place.
A. Be B. Being C. To be CA27. —______ the door, Jim. It is too noisy outside.
—OK, I will do it at once.
A. Close B. Closes C. Closing A命题点五 倒装句 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 倒装句只在单项填空中考查， 且均考查so引导的倒装句。考生解答此类试题时， 应熟练掌握倒装句的几种形式及其用法。 ◆so引导的倒装句(2015邵阳30题，2014益阳30题)
1.完全倒装：so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语，意为“某人/物也一样”。上下句的主语是不同的两个人或物，但发生同样的行为或状况，是表示肯定的倒装。如：
Li Hua passed this English exam. So did I. 李华通过了这次英语考试。我也通过了。2. 易混句式：so＋主语＋助动词/系动词/情态动
词，意为“确实是如此”。该句式是对前面所
说的事实加以肯定，上下句的主语是相同的
人或物。如：
—Lucy dances very well. 露西舞跳得非常好。
—So she does. 她的确如此。 ◆neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语。意为“某人/某物也不怎么样”，上下句的主语是不同的两个人或物，他们的行为或状况一样，是表示否定的倒装。如：
He wasn’t late for school. Neither/nor was I. 他上学没迟到，我也没有。 ◆副词引导的倒装句
在以here, there, now, then等副词或out, in, down, away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词时，要用倒装语序。因此谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如：Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Here is a flower. 这儿有一朵花。 not only放在句首连接两个句子时，要倒装。如：
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更轻松。28. —Zhangjiajie is a really comfortable city to live in.
—_______.
A. So it is　 　B. So is it　 　C. So it does A29. —Zhou Ming likes reading English magazines.
—_______. It’s good for English learning.
A. So do I
B. So am I
C. So I doA30. —I haven’t been to the science museum for a long time. What about you?
—_______. Could you go with me this weekend?
A. Me too B. Me neither C. So have IB31. —I’m not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.
—_______. I have to clean up my bedroom.
A. So am I
B. neither am I
C. neither I am B课件26张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题十二 动词的语态 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 被动语态只在单项填空中考查， 完形填空中尚未涉及。命题点以一般现在时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态为主， 也会较少考查含情态动词的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态和现在进行时的被动语态。 考生在做此类试题时， 应注意以下三点：
1. 首先应读懂句意， 确定主语和谓语， 明确谓语动词的动作是否由主语发出。如果谓语动词的动作由主语发出， 则是主动语态；如果不是由主语发出， 则是被动语态， 由此可排除主动语态的选项。 2. 分析被动语态的基本结构， 动作的承受者(动作的对象，多是名词)在空前、实施者在空后(有时可省略)判断出用被动语态。
3. 被动语态的考查一般会和时态相结合。考生可根据关键词(时间状语)来判断时态。对于没有关键词的题目， 则要根据前后句已经给出的时态、语境并结合常识进行判断。
【典例剖析】(2016岳阳32题)
Many Hope Primary Schools _____ last year.
A. is built 　B. was built 　　C. were built 点拨：第①步：分析语境：去年许多希望小学。第②步：分析句子结构, 找句子主语、谓语。本题中, 主语为Hope Primary Schools, 谓语为build。第③步：分析主语和谓语的逻辑关系。根据常识可知, “希望小学”与“建造”之间为动宾关系, 应用被动语态。第④步：根据题干中的标志词或语境判断用何种时态的被动语态。本题中, 根据last year可知用一般过去时。第⑤步：主语为复数形式, 谓语动词用were built。从而判定正确答案为C。◆常见的被动语态的构成 ◆如何判断是否使用被动语态
1. 不知道或没指出动作的执行者是谁时。如：
Many trees should be planted every year. 每
年都应该种很多树。
2. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：
The computers are used by more and more
people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人使用
电脑。 3. 句子的主语是物时。如：
Many houses were washed away by the flood.
许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
◆主动语态如何转换为被动语态
要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，
若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。2. 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主
格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。
3. 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如：
We asked him to sing an English song.(主动
句)→He was asked to sing an English song by
us. (被动句)我们让他唱首英文歌。 ◆主动形式表示被动意义的情况
某些动词用作不及物动词，如：read, write,
wash, draw, cut, open, sell等，常与副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动意义。如：
The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。 2. 动词need, require, want, deserve等后接
v．-ing的主动结构表示被动意义，相当于sth.
need(s) /require(s) /want(s) /deserve(s) to be
done。如：
The car needs cleaning.＝The car needs to be
cleaned. 这辆汽车需要清洗了。3. 某些系动词如feel, prove, smell, taste, sound等
加形容词，也可用主动形式表示被动意义。
如：The food tastes delicious. 这种食物尝起
来很美味。
4. be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，表示被动
含义。如：
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 1. —How clean your car is!
—Thank you. It ______ very often.
A. is washed B. washes C. was washed
2. —Can I take these magazines?
—No, they ______ out of the reading room.
A. will take　　　　B. should be taken
C. mustn't be takenAC3. Every day, too much food ______ in our school. We must take actions to stop it.
A. was wasted
B. is wasted
C. are wastedB4. —Who’s the little girl in the photo?
—It’s me. The photo ______ 10 years ago.
A. took　　　B. was taken　　　C. is taken
5. We ______ to start at once, or we will miss the train.
A. tell B. have told C. are toldBC6. —What a beautiful garden you have！Your father must be a good gardener.
—Thanks. Some flowers ______ by him in the garden yesterday.
A. will be planted
B. planted
C. were plantedC7. The telephone ______ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
A. is invented B. was invented
C. were invented
8. You ______ another day to make your own decision.
A. gave B. are giving C. will be givenBC9. —Tell me one thing that you’re proud of in your junior high school, Tony.
—I ______ as captain of the school football team.
A. choose B. chose C. was chosen C10. Tourists’ bad behavior ______ by the government in our country from now on.
A. will record　　　　　
B. will be recorded
C. is recordedB11. —Lily, will you go to Jenny’s birthday party this Saturday?
—I’m not sure, because I ______ so far.
A. haven’t invited
B. wasn’t invited
C. haven’t been invitedC12. Teenagers should ______ to take care of themselves from a young age.
A. educate
B. have educated
C. be educatedC课件49张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题十五 复合句命题点一 宾语从句命题点二 定语从句命题点三 状语从句命题点一 宾语从句 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 宾语从句是各地市的必考点。主要在单项填空中考查(3年30次), 完形填空中考查较少(3年4次)。以where, how和when引导的从句为主，偶尔涉及why, who和what引导的宾语从句。 单项填空中主要考查以下四种形式：
引导词和时态相同， 语序不同(2016年3次，
2015年5次， 2014年3次)；
2. 引导词相同，语序和时态不同(2016怀化30题， 2015年2次， 2014年5次)；
3. 时态一致， 语序和引导词不同 (2016年2次， 2015年3次， 2014年2次)；4. 时态、语序和引导词均不同(2015益阳35题)。
完形填空中偶尔也会涉及宾语从句引导词的辨析(2016永州36题， 2016邵阳39题， 2014湘潭36题， 2014邵阳34题)。 考生在做此类试题时， 可以从以下三个方面着手：
先从语序着手。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语
序；
2. 再考虑时态。一般情况下， 宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致， 但是， 如果从句 有明显的时间状语， 要根据时间状语来判断
时态；
3. 最后再根据答语来判断引导词。what(提问内
容)、when/what time(提问时间)、where(提问
地点)、why(提问原因)、how(提问方式)等。具体用法详见下表： 宾语从句中的否定前移
当主句的谓语是think, believe, guess, suppose等表示“认为、相信、猜想、假设”等意思的动词时，主句的主语是第一人称，且当时态为一般现在时时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。如：
I don’t think he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来。1. —Let’s send him home. Do you know ______？
—I have no idea.
A. where does he live
B. where he lives
C. he lives whereB2. —Mum, can you tell me ______？ I miss him very much.
—Next week.
A. when will my brother come back
B. my brother will come back when
C. when my brother will come backC3. The police wondered ______.
A. whose handbag it was
B. whose handbag was it
C. whose handbag it is A4. —Can you tell me ______ to London?
—Sure. Next month.
A. when you will travel
B. when will you travel
C. when you traveledA5. Could you tell me ______ a moment ago?
A. what were they talking about
B. what are they talking about
C. what they were talking about C6. —I’d like to know ______.
—Maybe in the forest.
A. when we will go camping
B. where we will go camping
C. whether will we go campingB7. My deskmate asked me ______ next weekend.
A. when I would go to the zoo
B. whom I would play tennis with
C. how did I get home that eveningB8. —Could you tell me _____？
—At 9：40 this Sunday.
A. when will you leave
B. where you will leave for
C. what time you will leaveC9. —Could you tell me ______？
—They are talking about festivals.
A. how they are playing
B. what they are doing
C. where they are goingB10. —Excuse me. Do you know ______？
—Well, go along this street and turn right. There’s one on the left.
A. how can I get to the bank
B. where I can find a restaurant
C. when he usually gets to work B命题点二 定语从句 定语从句在湖南各地市近3年中考中是常考点， 主要在单项填空中考查(岳阳、郴州、长沙、永州、湘潭、株洲、张家界), 完形填空中考查较少。单项填空中主要考查关系代词， 偶尔考查关系副词。考情如下：
that(2016郴州34题， 2016株洲27题， 2015岳阳
34题， 2015张家界34题， 2014郴州29题)
who(2016永州28题， 2016湘潭32题， 2015湘潭
32题， 2015株洲27题， 2014年3次) which(2016长沙29题， 2014长沙27题)
where(2014张家界33题)
完形填空中仅考查过1次：who(2016岳阳39
题)。 考生在解答该类试题的时候， 需注意以下
三点：
首先根据语境， 分析句子结构， 找出先行
词；
2. 然后把先行词还原到从句中， 确定先行词在句子中所作的成分；3. 最后在选择关系词时， 要看先行词是指人、
指物还是既指人又指物， 从而根据各关系词
的用法做出正确的判断。◆关系代词的基本用法 ◆关系代词只能用that而不用which的情况：
先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, all,
much, few, any, little等或the one时。如：
Is there anything that I can do for you？有什么我能为你效劳的吗？
2. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。如： He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
如：
The only thing that I want to do is to have a
good rest. 我唯一想做的事就是好好休息。
4. 先行词既有人又有物时。如： The film star and her film that you have just
talked about are really well-known. 你刚刚谈
到的那个影星和她的电影真的很出名。
5. 当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：
Who is the man that is standing over there?
站在那边的那位男士是谁？◆ 关系副词的基本用法11. Books are everywhere, but it’s not easy to find the one ______ is really interesting.
A. that B. who C. which
12. —Have you been to the Sunflower Garden
_____ lies in Nansha?
—Yes. The sunflowers there are very
beautiful.
A. where B. which C. whoAB13. —Happiness isn’t getting all ______ we want.
—I can’t agree more. It’s all about enjoying what we have.
A. that B. who C. whereA14. A friend is someone _____ says, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one！”
A. who B. which C. whose
15. —What kind of songs do you like better,
Lucy?
—I prefer the songs ______ can attract
many people.
A. which B. who C. whereAA16. The village ______ we spent our vacation is beautiful. I want to go there again.
A. that B. where C. which
17. We need to help those little kids ______ parents have left their hometowns for making money.
A. whom B. which C. whose BC18. I’ll never forget the day ______ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech.
A. that B. which C. when
19. The reason ______ I got the job is that I am patient and hard-working.
A. when B. which C. why CC命题点三 状语从句 湖南各地市近3年中考真题主要在单项选择中考查状语从句， 完形填空中考查较少。以从属连词的辨析、if引导的条件状语从句和as soon as引导的时间状语从句的“主将从现”原则为主。【具体讲解详见本书第二部分 专题六 连词 命题点二 从属连词P127】20. We have been friends ______ we met three years ago.
A. before B. since C. when
21. —Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office.
—Only when she ______ copying this report.
A. finishes B. finish C. finished BA22. We hardly ever contact each other after graduation _____ we all live nearby.
A. unless B. if C. though
23. —Did you catch the first bus this morning?
—No, I didn’t. It had started moving ______ I could get on it.
A. after B. since C. beforeCC24. —What’s your plan for the summer holiday?
—I’ll go to Beijing ______ the school term ends.
A. in order that B. so that C. as soon as
25. ______ the task may be difficult, we will try our best to complete it on time.
A. Until B. Though C. However CB课件30张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题十四 There be 句型和主谓一致命题点一 There be 句型命题点二 主谓一致命题点一 There be句型 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知，There be句型主要在单项填空中考查， 完形填空中少量涉及。考查角度以There be句型的就近一致和时态(There will be...和There is/are going to be...)为主。There be句型的用法 (2015年4次， 2014
永州28题 ) ◆“There ＋be＋ sb./sth. ＋ 地点”表示“某处有某人或某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时，be动词一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致(即“就近一致”)。如： There is a book and two pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。
There are three teaching buildings and a beautiful garden in our school. 在我们学校有三栋教学楼和一个美丽的花园。
◆“There ＋be＋ sb./sth. ＋ 地点”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not, not any, no。如： There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里面没有水。
◆若变为一般疑问句则需要把be动词提前到句首。如：
Is there any water in the bottle? 瓶子里有水吗？There be句型的时态 (2016湘潭33题，
2014岳阳28题 ) ◆将来时态： There will be...＝There is/are going to be...将会有……。如：
There will be (＝There is going to be) a new film next Monday. 下星期一将有一部新电影上映。 ◆过去时态：There used to be...过去常常有……。如：
There used to be several houses behind the two buildings. 过去这两栋楼后面有几座房子。我家附近有一个动物园。我喜欢和朋友们在那里玩。
_______________________________________
___________________
2. 篮子里有三个苹果和四根香蕉。
_______________________________________
_______There is a zoo near my home and I like playing with my friends there. There are three apples and four bananas in the
basket. 3. Drive slowly, Alex. _____ is something ahead on the road.
A. It　　　　B. This　　　　C. There
4. —_____ there any living things on other planets?
—I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.
A. Is B. Are C. HaveCB5. There ______ a football game in our school next week.
A. will be B. will have C. are going to beA命题点二 主谓一致 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 单项填空和完形填空中对主谓一致的考查较少， 主要在单项填空中考查主谓一致的语法一致和就近一致原则， 也会涉及时态、语态与主谓一致的混合考查。 ◆语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上保持一致， 即主语是单数形式时， 谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式时， 谓语动词也用复数形式。 ◆就近一致原则
所谓就近一致原则，当主语为多个名词或代词充当时，谓语动词的形式和靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。 ◆意义一致原则
所谓意义一致就是概念一致，谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。6. —How many people are there in your group?
—Four. Three boys ______ in our group this time.
A. is B. are C. were B7. Both Peter and Lisa ______ good at maths now.
A. is B. were C. are
8. The number of the volunteers ______ 100 now.
A. is B. are C. wasCA9. Not only my sister but also I ______ been interested in the novel for a long time.
A. have B. has C. had
10. Fifty yuan ______ enough for me to buy this book.
A. are B. is C. wereAB课件40张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题十 非谓语动词 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 非谓语动词主要在单项填空中考查(岳阳、湘潭、株洲、益阳、邵阳、常德、湘西每年必考1道), 完形填空中考查较少。
考查点包括：动词不定式(表目的、作宾语、省略to的不定式、固定搭配)和动名词(以固定搭配为主)。 解答此类试题时， 考生应做到以下两点：判定本题该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：
判断句子是否缺少谓语。
(1)当句子缺少谓语时， 该动词就用谓语动词形式。一般情况下， 动词作谓语放在主语之后， 比如“I love you.”中的love就是谓语动词。(2)当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词使其与所填动词并列， 该动词就用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词可以在句中作除谓语以外的任何成分， 如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语及插入语。具体用法详见本专题的讲解。2. 判定本题该使用非谓语动词的哪种形式：
(1)根据非谓语动词的句法功能确定用哪种形式， 即所作的成分：
①作主语或宾语， 用动名词或不定式形式；
②作目的状语或在形容词后作状语， 用不定式形式； ③作伴随状语或作定语， 要根据与逻辑主语的关系来判断。
(2)根据固定用法和句型来判断。动词不定式 (2016年6次， 2015年9次， 2014年8次) ◆动词不定式的基本用法 ◆动词＋to do sth. (不定式作宾语)
hope 希望(2016邵阳26题)
would like 想要(2015常德24题)
be supposed 应该(2014湘潭32题)
want想要　　　 　　afford 负担得起
agree同意 arrange安排
begin/start 开始 continue继续choose选择 decide决定
expect期望 fail失败
learn 学习 manage设法
need需要 plan计划
prefer更喜欢 prepare准备
pretend假装 promise 承诺
refuse拒绝 try尽力 wish希望◆动词＋sb.＋to do sth. (不定式作宾补)
ask要求(2016常德24题，2015湘西29题)
invite邀请(2016郴州24题)
tell告诉(2014湘西27题) advise建议
allow允许 expect 期望
force 强迫 help帮助
persuade说服 teach教
want想要 wish希望 在一些使役动词和感官动词后，要把不定式结构中的to省略。常用的有：
五看：watch, see, look at, notice, observe
三使：let, make, have
二听：listen to, hear
一感觉：feel巧学妙计：吾看三室一厅一感觉。如：
I saw our English teacher enter the office just now. 刚才我看到我们的英语老师走进办公室了。)◆不定式常用句型(含不带to的不定式)
1. too...to...太……而不能……。如：
The boy is too young to look after himself.
这个男孩太小不能照顾他自己。
2. enough to...足够……。如：
He is old enough to go to school. 他足够大
可以上学了。3. Why don’t you do sth.？＝Why not do
sth.？为什么不做某事呢？如：
Why don’t you buy her a photo album? ＝
Why not buy her a photo album? 为什么不
给她买个相册呢？
4. had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事。如： You’d better not stay there today. 你今天最
好别待在那儿。
5. Will you please do sth.？你能做某事吗？如：
Will you please close the door？你能把门关
上吗？
6. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某
事而不愿做某事。如： She prefers to receive a small and meaningful
gift rather than receive a lot of money. 她宁
愿收到一份有意义的小礼物而不愿收到很多
钱。
7. It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。
如：It’s my turn to tell a story. 轮到我讲一
个故事了。8. It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.某人花
一些时间做某事。如：
It took me 3 hours to repair the TV set. 我花
了三个小时修理这台电视机。
9. It is＋ adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. 【具体讲
解详见本书P11】
10. make sb. do sth. 【具体讲解详见本书P105】 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知，对动名词的考查以固定用法为主。
动名词的主要用法有以下几种：
动名词 (2016年4次， 2015年3次， 2014年3次 ) ◆作主语
1. 动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
Reading in bed is not good for your eyes. 在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。
2. 如果并列的动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Reading and writing take me a lot of time. 读书和写作花费我很多时间。 ◆作表语
动名词(短语)作表语时，可以转化为动名词(短语)作主语。如：
His favorite sport is playing ping-pong. ＝Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport. 他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。 ◆作定语
动名词(短语)作定语，表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，位于所修饰词之前。如：
There were many people in the waiting room before dark. 天黑之前等候室里有很多人。 ◆作宾语
1. 常接动名词作宾语的词汇：
完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth,
be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help,
feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind) 2. 既可以接动名词又可以接动词不定式的词汇：
在go on, mean, regret, need, remember, forget, try, stop等动词或动词短语后，既可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语。但表达的意思不同，如：stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
(2015 益阳26题)forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事(已做)forget to do sth. 忘了要去做某事(未做)
(2015郴州28题)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事(未做)need doing sth. 需要做某事(被动含义)need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到遗憾、后
悔(已做)regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未
做)mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth. 打算或想做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事try to do sth. 设法或努力去做某事go on doing sth. 继续做某事go on to do sth. (完成某事后)继续做别的事1. 对我们来说， 保护环境很重要。
_________________________________________
2. 我已经决定学习一门外语——法语。
_________________________________________
3. 我认为每天早上读英语是有必要的。
______________________________________
________It’s important for us to protect the environment. I have decided to learn a foreign language—French. I think it is necessary to read English every morning.4. 我爸爸要求我在完成作业之前不要玩电脑
游戏。
________________________________________
___________________________
5. 保罗期待尽可能快地见到他的祖父母。
_________________________________________
________________My father asks me not to play computer games before finishing my homework. Paul looks forward to meeting his grandparents
as soon as possible. 6. 我的数学老师建议我用另一种方法来解决这个难题。
____________________________________
__________________My math teacher advises me to solve this problem in another.7. My friend invited me ______ the art club, and I accepted it happily.
A. join B. to join C. joinedB8. My parents don’t allow me ______ to the party at night.
A. go B. to go C. goes
9. The story was so funny that it made us ______ again and again.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughedBA10. My grandfather goes to the park ______ exercise every day.
A. do B. doing C. to doC11. His friend would rather ______ the football match than ______ a new film.
A. watch; to see
B. to watch; see
C. watch; seeC12. The policeman told the children ______ play in the street.
A. to not B. don’t C. not to
13. I was tired, so I stopped ______ a short rest.
A. have B. having C. to haveCC14. Animals are our good friends. We are supposed ______ them.
A. to protect B. protect C. protecting
15. I will try my best to stop my son from _______ the same mistake.
A. make B. made C. makingCA16. —What do you remember about Grade 7?
—I remember ______ a football game.
A. to win B. winning C. winB17. Mary used to ______ in the countryside, but now she is used to ______ in the city.
A. live; live
B. live; living
C. living; liveB18. —Would you mind ______ now? It’s already midnight.
—Sorry, I won’t.
A. not singing
B. not to sing
C. singingA课件68张PPT。第二部分 语法专题突破专题四 代 词命题点一 人称代词、物主代词与
反身代词命题点二 不定代词命题点三 指示代词命题点四 疑问代词人称代词与物主代词 (2016年10次，
2015年11次， 2014年5次 ) 命题点一 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 人称代词与物主代词主要在单项填空和完形填空中考查。三个选项的设置特点为：同一人称的不同形式(如I, my, me)、不同人称的同一形式(如her, them, him)、不同人称的不同形式(如she, him, their)。 解答此类试题， 考生可遵循以下方法： 同一人称的不同形式：
如果在动词前， 就是作主语， 需用人称代 词主格或者名词性物主代词。
2. 如果在动词后， 就是作宾语， 需用人称代词宾格、名词性物主代词或者反身代词。
3. 如果在系动词之后， 就是作表语， 需用人称代词宾格、名词性物主代词或者反身代词。 然后再根据语境和提示选择正确答案。
4. 如果在名词前， 就是作定语， 需用形容词性物主
代词。不同人称的同一形式： 根据句中的提示词和语境， 判断本题中所需的对应人称。如看到Bob, Tom, my father等就用
he/his/him/himself；看到Lily, Lucy, my mother 等就用she/her/hers/herself等。 不同人称的不同形式： 首先根据句中的提示词和语境， 判断本题中所需的对应人称， 然后根据空格的位置、前后的单词或语境判断， 填出该人称的正确形式。◆人称代词与物主代词变化一览表 类别人称(注：上表中的黑体词汇为湖南各地市近3年
中考高频考词) ◆人称代词与物主代词的用法
1. 人称代词的用法
①人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。如：
She is a good student. (作主语)
②人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词或介词的
宾语或表语。如：
I don’t know her. (作宾语) His mother is waiting for him outside. (作宾语)
—Who is there?
—It’s me！(作表语)
2. 物主代词的用法
①形容词性物主代词后面常接名词，一般不单独使用。如：
His parents are both officers. 他的父母都是官员。 My name is Jack. 我的名字是杰克。
②名词性物主代词后面不需要加名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。如：
My idea is quite different from hers. 我的想法和她的完全不同。
③“of＋名词性物主代词”可以作名词的后置定语。如： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。
※注意：物主代词前不能有this, that, some, a, an, the等词修饰。如：the my right hand(×)。反身代词 (2016永州18题， 2015长沙39题， 2014年5次 ) 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 单项填空主要考查反身代词的固定搭配(如teach/
enjoy/by oneself), 完形填空以考查反身代词词义辨析为主。◆反身代词单复数形式一览表类别人称(注：上表中的黑体词汇为湖南各地市近3年中考高频考词)◆反身代词的用法◆反身代词的常见固定搭配
enjoy oneself玩得愉快(2014郴州22题， 2014
永州20题)
teach oneself自学(2016永州18题)
dress oneself某人自己穿衣服(2014长沙21题)
by oneself单独地， 独自地，亲自(2014湘西
21题)hurt oneself 伤害某人自己
lose oneself 失去自我
for oneself 为某人自己
take care of oneself 照顾某人自己
come to oneself 苏醒
say to oneself 自言自语learn by oneself 自学
devote oneself (to) 献身于
help oneself (to) 随便吃/用(食物等)1. Miss Smith is very kind. We all like ______.
A. her B. him C. them
2. I’d like you to meet Bob. ______ is my best friend.
A. He B. Him C. His AA3.The Browns had a party with their neighbors
yesterday._____ all enjoyed themselves.
A. We B. You C. They
4.Life is _____ dictionary. We should learn
directly from it.
A. we B. our C. usCB5. Some volunteers often go to visit the patients in hospital to cheer ______ up.
A. your B. them C. we
6. —I will have a speech competition tomorrow and I’m a little nervous.
—Believe in ______. You are the best.
A. you B. your C. yourselfCB7. The man over there is ______ uncle. He is a policeman.
A. I B. my C. mine
8. My brother likes painting. It’s one of ______ hobbies.
A. their B. her C. hisBC9. The book must be Lily’s. Look! ______ name is on the cover.
A. Her B. His C. Mine
10. —Sally, may I use your iPad? _____ is broken.
—OK, here you are.
A. Yours B. Mine C. MyAB11. Now I can choose online courses and study by ______.
A. my B. me C. myself
12. Help _____ to some beef, Lucy and Lily. It’s very delicious.
A. yourself B. myself C. yourselves CC普通不定代词 (2016年8次， 2015年5次， 2014年8次 ) 命题点二 不定代词 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 普通不定代词主要在单项填空中考查， 主要考查little, both, neither, either, the other, another的用法； 完形填空中考查较少，主要考查all, a little, little, others, other, the other的用法。 解答普通不定代词的辨析类试题， 首先要分析语境并找出句中的关键词， 其次明确代词所指代的对象：①指代可数名词还是不可数名词；②特指还是泛指；③所指代的概念表示两者还是三者或三者以上；④表示肯定概念还是 否定概念。因此考生在复习过程中应识记常见的普通不定代词的含义及其基本用法。 ◆常见的普通不定代词(注：上表中的黑体词汇为湖南各地市近3年中考高频考词)◆常见普通不定代词的用法 all, some与most(2016株洲37题，2015株洲38题，
2014岳阳41题，2014株洲40题)2. both, all, none, either 与neither【具体讲解详
见本书P45】
3. a little, little, a few与few 【具体讲解详见本书
P31】
4. other, another, others, the other与the others
【具体讲解详见本书P26】复合不定代词 (2016年2次， 2015年4
次，2014年2次 ) 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 复合不定代词主要在完形填空中考查， 且以3个代词的词义辨析为主；单项填空中涉及较少，也会考查形容词修饰复合不定代词的用法。◆常见的复合不定代词(注：上表中的黑体词汇为湖南各地市近3年中考高频考词)◆复合不定代词的用法some和any构成的复合不定代词的区别与
some和any的区别基本相同。
2. 复合不定代词作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Somebody is speaking in the empty house. 有人在那个空房子里说话。 ◆形容词或else修饰复合不定代词(2016湘西41题， 2015郴州25题， 2014年2次) 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时， 顺序为：复合不定代词＋形容词或else。如：
There is something wrong with my leg and it hurts seriously. 我的腿有些问题， 它很痛。 13. —The candies are so sweet. Which one can I take?
—Oh, you can take ______ of them. I’ll keep none.
A. both B. all C. neitherB14. —When shall we meet again next week?
—______ day is possible. It’s no problem with me.
A. Either B. Every C. Any
15. Yueyang Tower is not far from Dongting Lake. You can easily visit ______ in a day.
A. all B. both C. neitherCB16. —I still want to drink something. May I have ______ cup of milk?
—Certainly. Here you are.
A. other B. others C. another
17. I tried two bookshops for the dictionary I wanted, but ______ of them had it.
A. either B. neither C. noneCB18. —I’d like some more apple juice.
—Sorry, there’s ______ left.
A. little B. a little C. few
19. ______ the people you invited have come and no one is late. Let’s start the meeting now.
A. All B. Some C. MostAA20. —What would you like to eat?
—I’m very hungry. ______ you can get. Just
get it now.
A. Anything B. Something C. Nothing
21. Our teacher was very happy because ______ failed the examination.
A. somebody B. nobody C. anybodyAB22. There is ______ wrong with my computer. It doesn’t work.
A. something B. everything C. anything
23. —What about doing ______ for the
homeless people?
—Good idea!
A. anything helpful B. something helpful
C. helpful somethingAB命题点三 指示代词 湖南各地市近3年中考真题对指示代词的考查较少， 主要在单项填空中考查it的用法, 完形填空中偶尔涉及(2016郴州44题)。指示代词的基本用法 (2016郴州44题， 2015怀化23题， 2014常德23题 ) ◆it, one, that与this(2016郴州44题， 2015怀化23题， 2014常德23题)◆these与those 湖南近3年中考真题中也会在单项填空中考查it的特殊用法。it的特殊用法 (2015永州29题， 2014怀化23题 ) ◆作形式主语， 常用于下列句型中：
It is＋adj. (＋for/of sb. )＋ to do sth. (对某人
来说)做某事是……。如： It is very dangerous to swim alone in the
river. 独自一人在河里游泳是很危险的。
2. It’s time to do/for/that...到……的时间了。如：
It’s time to get up. 到起床的时间了。
3. It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。
如：
It’s your turn to sing. 轮到你唱了。4. It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事
花费某人一些时间。如：It took me two
hours to do the homework today. 今天做家庭
作业花费了我两个小时。
◆作形式宾语， 常用在find/think/believe等
动词后。如：I found it important to learn
English well. 我发现学好英语是重要的。24. There are enough cups for each guest to have ______.
A. one B. it C. this
25. These problems are difficult. ______ is impossible for me to work them out in such a short time.
A. They B. It C. ThisAB26. —Hello, Sally speaking. Who’s ______？
—Hello, this is Bob.
A. one B. that C. this
27. I have bought a toy for my daughter. I will give ______ to her tomorrow.
A. it B. that C. oneBA28. Most young people think ______ exciting to watch a football match.
A. this B. that C. itC命题点四 疑问代词 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 疑问代词主要在单项填空中考查， 以考查what引导的特殊句型为主。常见句型如下：What does sb. look like？某人长什么样？
(2015湘西24题)
2. What do you think of...？你觉得……怎么样？(2014株洲33题)
3. What is sb. ？某人是做什么的？(2014娄底23题)
4. What is the weather like？天气怎么样？5. What is the population of...? ……的人口是
多少？
6. What is the price of...? ……的价格是多少？
7. What is your favorite...？你最喜欢的……是
什么？※注意：常见的疑问副词有：why(提问原因)，when(提问时间)，where(提问地点)，how(提问方式)。 29. —______ bag is this?
—I think it’s Jenny’s. She likes pink best.
A. Whose B. Which C. What
30. —______ is your favorite day?
—Friday. Because we have music and history.
A. Why B. Who C. WhatAC31. —______ is the population of your city, Ben?
—I’m not sure. But I know it’s getting larger now.
A. What B. Who C. WhoseA