课件7张PPT。Five kinds of sentences structures五种句子结构(1) 主语+ 谓语(S + V)
(2) 主语+ 谓语+ 直接宾语(S + V + DO)
(3) 主语+ 连系动词+ 表语(S + V + P)
(4) 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语(S + V +
IO + DO)
(5) 主语+ 谓语+ 直接宾语+ 宾语补足语(S + V
+ DO + OC) Subject (S ) 主语
Object (O) 宾语
Direct object (DO) 直接宾语
Indirect object (IO) 间接宾语
Verb (V) 谓语
Object complement (OC) 宾语补助语Attention主+系+表
例如:The food smells delicious.
主 系 表
常见的连系动词:
a. be;
b. look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem等;
c. become,get,turn,grow等;
d. keep,stay等。主+谓+间宾+直宾
例如:He gave me a pen.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后,但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或for(目的);
例如:They gave the bike to the boy.
主 谓 直宾 间宾2)需在间宾前加to的常见动词有:give,show,send,bring,pass,lend,tell,teach等;
3)需在间宾前加for的常见动词有:make,buy,do,cook,sing,find等;
4)最好用主+谓+直宾+间宾结构的情况:
a.当直接宾语是人称代词时:
例如:I'll send it to you.
直宾 间宾
b.当直宾比间宾短时:
例如:We'll sing some songs for the friend from a foreign country.直宾 间宾Try to find out the following sentence structures. 1) The birdwatcher thought himself very lucky.
2) The nature reserve gives the birds a perfect place to live.
3) The people were happy.
4) Birds fly.
5)?The boy saved a rare bird. S + V + O + OCS + V + IO + DOS + V + PS + V S + V + O 6)?The red-crowned crane looks pretty.
7)?He passed a pair of binoculars to the birdwatcher.
8) The birds were scared.
9) They set the birds free when they left. 10) The nature reserve provides a shelter for wildlife. S + V + PS + V + DO + IOS + V S + V + O + OCS + V + O
短语集中营
Tidy up Take up Be interested in Train tickets growing vegetables looking after animals as a result
Come out Usual activities a writing class As well as
bring sb pleasure
重点分析
1. takes up
takes up 表示“占据时间或空间”。如:
The piano takes up too much room.钢琴占据了太多的空间。
2. tidy up
tidy up表示“整理,收拾”。如:
Tidy yourself up before you go out. 外出前要整理仪容。
When are you going to tidy your room up? 你打算什么时候整理自己的房间?
3. such as
such as用来列举同类中的几个事物,“例如..., 象这种的”。如:
I visited several cities such as Beijing, Hangzhou, and Jinan.www.21-cn-jy.com
I have such things as iron, silver, and gold. 我有铁、银和金这一类东西。
for example“例如”用来举例说明,一般是一个例子。
I’d like to keep a pet--for example, a dog. 我想要饲养宠物,譬如说养条狗。
4.Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills. 【版权所有:21教育】
①Hobbies can make you grow as a person的含义是:爱好对人的成长很重要。表现在知识、能力、情感、品德、价值观等各个方面的成长。
② 注意列举事物时,在最后一个和倒数第2个事物之间加and。
I like reading books, watching TV and playing basketball.
5.As well as the usual activities, such as sailing and climbing, there was a writing class.
As well as 表示“也,还,而且”,如:
We all want to visit Beijing as well as Jinan.
Tom as well as Lucy goes to the cinema.
I like playing basketball as well as football.
6. came out
came out 的意思是“出版”还有“出来,结果是,传出等”的意思。
When did the new book come out? 新书什么时候出版?
The moon has come out.月亮已经出来了。
The answer to the question came out wrong. 这道题的答案结果是错了。
7. …, and as a result, David has become a successful young writer.
As a result 表示后面的句子和前面的句子在意思上构成因果关系。前面是因,后面是果。
He got up late, and as a result, he was late for school.他起床晚了,结果是上学迟到了。
8. I spend some of my free time playing volleyball for my school team.
spend可以用于结构:
spend sth. on sth. “花费时间或金钱等在某事上” 。如:
I spent 20 yuan on the book.
Spend … in doing sth.“花费时间或金钱做某事”并且in可省略 。如:
He spent 25 minute (in) cleaning the floor.
9. Maybe I’ll write about my volleyball team in my future books.
①Maybe “或许。大概”是副词,可用于句首或句末。如:
Maybe it will rain tomorrow.明天或许会下雨。
He is 23,maybe.他大概23岁了。
②may be “可能是”是情态动词may+be如:
The story may be true. 这故事也许是真的。.
语法:基本句型基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:2·1·c·n·j·y
主语 + 系动词 + 表语(S+V+P) 例如:?John is busy.?
The plan sounds good.
This is where I work.2.主语 + 谓语(S+V)例如:?I work.
The telephone rang. His father might have died.We all breathe, drink and eat.注:这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词,状语并非结构上不可缺少的成分。但在某种情况下,需要加状语,这就引出了下列句型:△主语 + 谓语 + 状语(S+V+ adverbial)例如:??The meeting lasted for two hours.??We walked for five miles.??This box weighs five kilos.??He lives in Guangzhou.??They will be flying to London.3.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(S+V+O)例如: She studies English. ??She is reading a novel. ????He is doing morning exercises.??This factory makes machine tools.??Mary made a new dress.注:这种结构一般不需状语即可表达完整的意思。但在某些情况下,状语必不可少,这就引出了下列句型:△? ? 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语(S+V+O+ adverbial)例如::??He put the vase on the table.??Jim brought his suitcases upstairs.??I’ll take Mary to the station.??They treated him kindly.4.主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)例如: My mother made me a new dress. ??She made herself a new dress.??My father bought me a novel.??Pass me the salt, please.5.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(S+V+OC)例如:??We have proved him wrong.??What make you think so???She found the child fast asleep.??I called him a fool.
6.there be +主语+状语(There be + S + adverbial)例如:
There is a book on the table.
There are many books in the schoolbag.
快乐练兵场
语法选择
____a player, I’m looking forward _____the 2008 Olympic Games.
A For, at B AS ,to C With, for D Of ,to
2.____ a result, he became a famous singer.
A As B To C With D By
3. My hobby is ______.
A collect dolls B collecting dolls C collection dolls D collected dolls.
3. what happened _____ your computer ?
A in B to C with D As
4.I like piano. I play the piano______.
A all the time B all the times C some time D sometime
5.there is no _____ for me to stand.
A a room B a space C any space D room
6.Tom as well as his sister ______going to visit shanghai next month.
A is B are C will D can
7.if you want to pass the exam ,you need _____harder.
A works B works C to work D working
8.have you any of your hobbies brought you _____?
A enjoy B enjoys C to enjoy D enjoyment
9.what makes you _____ he is a teacher ?
A think B thinking C thinks D to thin k
10. I often listen to him ______ the violin.
A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play
11.there are lots of people in the park today. Some are walking and ______ are swimming.
A. another B. the others C. others D. the other
12.Betty’s room is a bit untidy. So she’ll tidy it _______.
A. up B. on C. in D. to
13.Which hobby do you think _____ good for your study?
A. it B. is C. it’s D. its
14. Which hobby do you think takes ______ the least space?
A. up B. on C. in D. to
15. when did his Laoshe’s book _____?
A come out B come on C come to D come in
16.there is ______ milk in the bottle .
A alittle of B a bit C a lot D a bit of
补全对话
A: Hello, Lucy, where are you going?
B: I’m going to have my piano lesson.
A: ________________________1
B: Yes, I am. I am interested in playing the piano.
A: ________________________ 2
B: I started playing at the age of five.
A: Five? ________________________ 3
B: My father taught me at home. What would you like to do in your free time?
A: ________________________ 4
B: Collecting stamps? There are so many stamps at my home.
A: Shall I have a look some day?
B: ________________________ 5
练笔乐园
中国加入WTO后,有一大批外国人来我市——东营参观。假设你是导游,请根据以下内容,向外宾简单介绍我市的情况。
要求: 1. 100词左右; 2.要点包括: a.年轻的城市,位于山东的北部,离济南200公里,人口约150万。 b.有许多名胜古迹,如南宋大殿( nangsong temple );天鹅湖( swan Lake )等等;天鹅湖是一个很美丽的地方,湖水清澈,无污染;湖中有各种各样的鱼;你可以到那里划船,野餐,钓鱼,是度假的好去处。你也可以去参观石油大学(the unversity of petroleum)。c.祝大家在东营玩得愉快。
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to Dongying, now let me introduce our city — Dongyingto you.
精彩阅读
Saturday,March 24th
We have arrived in the hot, wet city of Bangkok. This is our first trip to Thailand(泰国). All the different smells make us want to try the food. We are going to eat something special for dinner tonight. The hotel we are staying in is cheap, and very clean. We plan to stay here for a few days, visit some places in the city, and then travel to Chiang Mai in the North.
Tuesday, March 27th
Bangkok is wonderful and surprising! The places are interesting. We visited the famous market which was on water, and saw a lot of fruits and vegetables. Everything is so colorful, and we have taken hundreds of photos already! Later today we will leave for Chiang Mai. We will take the train north, stay in Chiang Mai for two days, and then catch a bus to Chiang Rai.
Friday,March 30th
Our trip to Chiang Rai was long and boring. We visited a small village in the mountains. The village people here love the quiet life -- no computers or phones. They are the kindest people I have ever met. They always smile and say “hello”. Kathy and I can only speak a few words of Thai, so smiling is the best way to show our kindness. I feel good here and hope to be able to come back next year.
1.The diaries above show the writer’s ______ days in Thailand.
A. 3 B. 7 C. 15 D. 30
2.It seems that visitors ______ in Bangkok.
A. often feel hungry B. can always find cheap things
C. can’t take any photos D. can enjoy themselves
3.Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Chiang Mai is a beautiful city in the south of Thailand.21cnjy.com
B. The writer left Chiang Mai for Chiang Rai by bus.
C. Chiang Rai is a boring city in the mountains.
D. The writer is traveling alone in Thailand.
4.The people in the village _______.
A. are friendly to others B. like to speak English
C. are very weak D. hope to live in the cities
5.The best title of this article is_________.
A. My First Travel B. The Outside World
C. Traveling in Thailand D. A Country on the Train
A QUIZ
一.根据句意完成单词:
I like Listening to music because it brings me great e__________.
Would you like to enter that s__________ high school , Linda?
The little girl showed me her doll _______________(collect).
4. His mum has no _________________(兴趣) in his hobbies.
5. Your room is u__________. You must clean it up.
6. It’s difficult ________________(remember) so many words.
7. He wants to be a ________________(职业的) basketball player like Yao Ming.
8. Alice, you are so c________, where did you learn to draw like that?
9. The boys like all kinds of _______________(activity) .
10. It’s _____________(use) to learn English well.
11.of all my _____(收藏品), I like the car best
12.we all know china is a d______ country.
13. _____(青少年) should study hard.
14.it’s very hot in the room. Would you please turn on the f______?
15.before you send a letter ,you need to stick a s____ on the envelope.(信封)
16.Moun Tai is a great place of i_____.
17.hard work leads to s______.child should not only study .they need some out- of-class 21·cn·jy·com
A____.
二、从方框中选择合适的短语填空,完成句子:
In spring, many flowers ______________.
My sister made many mistakes in the exam, ____________, She couldn’t past it.
He can speak English and he can speak French __________.【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
We have many subjects to learn, __________ History, Chemistry, Science and so on.
_________ Lily ________ Daming went to see the film.
________________ animals is not a easy thing.
We must ________ the truth of the matter.
________ the girls _____________ outdoor spots?
Boys and girls, please ______________ the classroom after the party.
You should take notes ______________ listen.
三、翻译下列句子
1 朱军正在采访冯巩。
2 他们已经收拾了教室。
3 我集邮。
4 什么使你对足球感兴趣。
5 我经常听他弹钢琴。
6 下次不要迟到。
7 我的爱好是收藏火车票。
8 你的书占了太多的地方。
9我喜欢诸如茶桔子汁之类的饮料
10这本小说1996年出版,
11他不仅给我食物还给我衣服。
12他犯了大错,结果丢了工作。
13阅读带给我成功和快乐。
14一些学生在种蔬菜,另外一些在照看动物。
15我有许多业余爱好。
四、翻译下列短语
1 在生活中 2 在过去 3 下次
4 在。。。。末尾 5 拉小提琴 6 山地自行车
7 高中 8 夏令营 9 种蔬菜 10 在将来
五、走进中考之能力训练1 阅读下面短文,从各题A、B、C、D中选出一个最佳答案。
“What’s the matter, mum?”
As soon as I enter the door, I find that my mother is 1 . It’s unusual –she usually 2 the door and welcomes me with a smile!21世纪教育网版权所有
“She’s dying,”mum says sadly. I 3 what she says. The tulip(郁金香),mother’s 4 is dying. www-2-1-cnjy-com
A month ago, we moved 5 our new house and mum bought a very beautiful tulip. Mum liked it very much. 6 she was free, she would sit 7 her armchair beside the tulip and enjoys its beautiful colour 8 inviting smell.【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
She treated it like a baby and looked after it 9 . She put the tulip by window and moved it from one place to 10 to give the tulip enough sunshine. The first thing she did when she 11 every morning was 12 the tulip, Mum also fertilized(施肥)it many times.
She hoped that with great care, the tulip would become more and more beautiful and 13 . But the tulip was dying 14 too much sunshine, water and fertilizer.【出处:21教育名师】
It’s true that mother loved the tulip. But this kind of love 15 be harmful. Love can sometimes kill what you love.21教育名师原创作品
1.A.happy B.unhappy C.pleased D.pleasure
2.A.coses B.opens C.keeps D.takes
3.A.know B.love C.think D.find
4.A.favourite B.hate C.unlike D.like
5.A.into B.around C.across D.with
6.A.Though B.Because C.After D.Whereever
7.A.at B.in C.on D.under
8.A.but B.and C.for D.or
9.A.happily B.brightly C.carefully D.usually
10.A.other B.place C.two places D.another
11.A.got up B.made the bed C.played piano D.washed her face
12.A.to take B.to cut C.to water D.to pull
13.A.dry B.strong C.wet D.old
14.A.because B.for C.since D.because of
15.A.must B.should C.can D.need
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Many people decided (move)to the countryside because of much air pollution in the city. 2-1-c-n-j-y
2. Liu Xiang (get)a gold medal at Athens Olympic Games in 2004.
3. (not stand)too close to the wild animals. It's dangerous.
4. Dolphins are friendly. If you (fall)into the water, they may come up to help you.
5. My little brother kept (ask)questions about the Talking Robot while we were in the Science Museum. 21*cnjy*com
6. The students are very glad they (visit) Mount Emei the day after tomorrow.?
7. “Everybody (have)to hand in the composition in class." said our teacher.
8. Please be quiet! We (listen)to the songs sung by the “Super Girl" Li Yuchun.
9. In the last several years we (put)up many new factories in our home town.
补全对话:在下面对话的空白处,填人适当的短语或句子,使对话意思完整、通顺。
A: Hi, Bruce. Good news for you.
B: 1._____________________________________________________?
A; You won the first prize in the English competition.21教育网
B: Wow! I'm so glad to hear that. 2.___________________?21*cnjy*com
A: Our English teacher did. She said three of the students in our class won the prize.
B. What about you?
A:3____________________, too. I think I was lucky this time.
B: Oh, so great ! Congratulations!
A; It's a great day for us today. Let's go out and relax ourselves, shall we?
B; Good idea. But 4._________________________________?
A; To the park, OK?
B: All right. But I have to go home and tell my mother first. See you later.
A: 5. .
句型变换(共5小题。1 0分;每小题2分)根据各个句子的要求变换句型,
1.Sam asked me, "Did you often ride a bike from place to place when you were at school?" (*A?#5l?)
Sam asked me____________________________________from place to place
when______________________________at school.
2-Miss King saw Bill helping a blind man cross the street yesterday afternoon.(& %J
Yesterday afternoon Bill______________________a blind man cross the street_______________.
3.Tom's father came home. Tom began to do his homework. (&%J JL^^J)
Tom did not___________________________________his father came home.
4.Yingtian asked his teacher how he could play the violin well. (&i& WS-^-^J)
Yingtian asked his teacher___________________________________.21·世纪*教育网
5. Do more sports and you'll be healthier. (改为复合句)___________________________________, you'll be healthier.
Module 6知识点总结
1. take up 占据。既可以指时间上的占据,也可以指空间上的占据。
eg. The job takes up all my time.
This table takes up too much time.
注意:1)take off 脱下,起飞(区别:put on; wear)
2)take out 拿出,提款(区别:take out sth of sp take sth out of sp)
Eg,Take out your hands of your pockets.
How much do you need to take out (of your bank.)21cnjy.com
3)take away 拿走
a bit & a little
两者都可以用作副词词组,用来修饰形容词,副词(原级或者是比较级)或动词。
做定语时,a little 后面可以直接接不可数名词;a bit of + u
Not a bit = not at all; not a little = very
注意:a little & little; a few & few
All the time 总是, 一直
注意:On time 准时,按时; in time 及时; at times 有时;
from time to time 不时; kill time 消磨时间
Keep time (一般指时钟)走得准;
Some times 有时 some time 一段时间
Sometimes 几次 sometime 将来的某一个时间
interested surprised amazed bored tired excited
interesting surprising amazing boring tiring exciting
注意:be interested in 对…感兴趣
play 后接乐器时,乐器前面加定冠词the;后面接球类名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。
Play the piano play basketball
四看三使动词后面长接不带to的动词不定式。
四看:look at, make, watch, observe
三使:have, make, let
两听:hear, listen to
一感觉:feel
半动词:help 即可接带to的动词不定式也可接不带to的动词不定式 (help sb to do sth/ help sb do sth)21世纪教育网版权所有
注意:see sb do sth 指看的全过程
See sb doing sth 指看的时候正在进行的一个动作
注意:四看三使动词用在被动中结构时,后面接待to的动词不定式。
Eg. Tom made Jane cry just now on the playground. 2·1·c·n·j·y
Jane was made to cry by Tom just now.
Give sb sth & give sth to sb
注意:类似give能接双宾语的动词还有:pass, lend, show.
There be 句型中动词be 与后面相邻的名词在数上保持一致。随后面名词单复数形式的变化而变化。【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
Eg. There is a little water in the bottle.
There are some apples on the table.
注意:1)there be 表示某处有某物,表示存在。
2)have 表示所有,拥有。表示“有”时,可直接在后面加not 表示否定。
9. Such as 用于列举前面概述过的同类事物,后面不需要用“,”号隔开,所列举的事物在两个或两个以上。21·世纪*教育网
2) For example 用于列举说明,后面一般要用“,”隔开,所列举的事物一般只有一个,位置比较灵活,可位于句首,句中,句末。www-2-1-cnjy-com
Eg. We all like ball games, such as basketball and football. 2-1-c-n-j-y
Jim has many friends here, for example, Liulei.21*cnjy*com
Look after = take care of = care for
Eg. He spent years (in) caring for his sick mother. 【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
Make sb do sth 使、让某人做某事
Make sb + adj 使某人...(处于某种状态)
Make sb + n (表示职位,头衔等名词)
Eg. My dog's death made her sad.
We all made her our monitor.
Spend moneytime on sth
Spend moneytime (in) doing sth
It takes sb some time to do sth 表示某人花费多少时间做某事
Sb + pay + money for sth
Sth + cost + money 或者 sth + cost + sb +money
Eg. This chair costs too much.
This meal costs us $40.
As well as = besides 或in addition to "除了"
Eg. As well as visiting Beijing, we spent a day in Tianjin. 21·cn·jy·com
注意:beside = next to 在......旁边
15. Ask sb to do sth & let sb to do sth 让某人做某事
16. Enjoy + doing; finish + doing; enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time
Can’t help, mind, + doing
17. It is + adj + to do sth
It is + adj + of sb to do sth (此类形容词是可以修饰人的)
It is + adj + for sb to do sth (此类形容词是不可以修饰人的)
Remember to do sth forget to do sth
Remember doing sth forget doing sth
Try to do sth = try one's best to do sth 尽力做某事
Try doing sth 尝试着做某事
形容词修饰something, anything, everything, somewhere, anywhere 等复合不定代词或不定副词时,须放在这些不定代词或不定副词的后面。21教育网
Something interesting; Would you like something hot to drink? www.21-cn-jy.com
Be good at 擅长... = do well in
注意:do better__?__
Be good for 对......有益,对......有用
Be good to 对......友好 = be friendly to
Come out 出版,刊出; 出现,显露,长出。
Find out 找出,查明(真相),弄清(缘由),强调经过周折调查到最后得到的认证。
Find 找到,发现(强调的是结果)
Look for 寻找(强调的是过程)
Dress +sb 给某人穿衣服
Put on +衣服 指穿上(强调穿衣的动作)
Wear 穿着 (指的是状态);戴着(手套,手表,眼镜,首饰,戒指);留着(长发,胡须)。
(be) in 穿着 (指的是状态);宾语可以是衣服,帽子,又可以是颜色。
Module 6知识辅导
1. takes up
takes up ① 表示“占据时间或空间”。如:
The piano takes up too much room.钢琴占据了太多的空间。
It took me 3 days to make the coat. 做这件外套花了我三天。
②表示“拿起”。如:
She took up her bag and left. 她拿起她的包走了。
2. tidy up
tidy up表示“整理,收拾”。如:
He often tidies up after dinner.他经常饭后收拾餐具。
Tidy yourself up before you go out. 外出前要整理仪容。
When are you going to tidy your room up? 你打算什么时候整理自己的房间?
3. such as
such as用来列举同类中的几个事物,“例如...,象这种的”。如:
I visited several cities such as Beijing, Hangzhou, and Jinan.21cnjy.com
I have such things as iron, silver, and gold. 我有铁、银和金这一类东西。
for example“例如”用来举例说明,一般是一个例子。
I’d like to keep a pet--for example, a dog. 我想要饲养宠物,譬如说养条狗。
4. as well as
As well as 表示“也,还,而且”,如:
We all want to visit Beijing as well as Jinan.
Tom as well as Lucy goes to the cinema.
I like playing basketball as well as football.
5. came out
came out 的意思是“出版”还有“出来,结果是,传出等”的意思。
When did the new book come out? 新书什么时候出版?
The moon has come out.月亮已经出来了。
The answer to the question came out wrong. 这道题的答案结果是错了。
6. … , and as a result, David has become …
As a result 表示后面的句子和前面的句子在意思上构成因果关系。前面是因,后面是果。
He got up late, and as a result, he was late for school.他起床晚了,结果是上学迟到了。21·cn·jy·com
7. I spend some of my free time playing volleyball for my school team.
spend可以用于结构:
① spend sth. on sth. “花费时间或金钱等在某事上” 。如:
I spent 20 yuan on the book.
② Spend … in doing sth.“花费时间或金钱做某事”并且in可省略 。如:
He spent 25 minute (in) cleaning the floor.
9. Maybe I’ll write …
①Maybe “或许。大概”是副词,可用于句首或句末。如:
Maybe it will rain tomorrow.明天或许会下雨。
He is 23,maybe.他大概23岁了。
②may be “可能是”是情态动词may+be如:
The story may be true. 这故事也许是真的。.
语法:基本句型
基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:21世纪教育网版权所有
1. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语(S+V+P) 例如:
John is busy.
The plan sounds good.
This is where I work.
2.主语 + 谓语(S+V)例如:
I work.
The telephone rang.
His father might have died.
We all breathe, drink and eat.
注:这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词,状语并非结构上不可缺少的成分。但在某种情况下,需要加状语,这就引出了下列句型:21教育网
△ 主语 + 谓语 + 状语(S+V+ adverbial)例如:
The meeting lasted for two hours.
We walked for five miles.
This box weighs five kilos.
He lives in Guangzhou.
They will be flying to London.
3.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(S+V+O)例如:
She studies English.
She is reading a novel.
He is doing morning exercises.
This factory makes machine tools.
Mary made a new dress.
注:这种结构一般不需状语即可表达完整的意思。但在某些情况下,状语必不可少,这就引出了下列句型:
△ 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语(S+V+O+ adverbial)例如::
He put the vase on the table.
Jim brought his suitcases upstairs.
I’ll take Mary to the station.
They treated him kindly.
4.主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)例如:
My mother made me a new dress.
She made herself a new dress.
My father bought me a novel.
Pass me the salt, please.
5.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(S+V+OC)例如:
We have proved him wrong.
What make you think so?
She found the child fast asleep.
I called him a fool.
6.there be +主语+状语(There be + S + adverbial)例如:
There is a book on the table.
There are many books in the schoolbag.
My Hobbies
Hello everyone! Today I want to tell you about my hobbies. Everyone has different hobbies, I have so many that I can’t even count them. Singing; listening to music and swimming are just a few.21cnjy.com
I like singing, maybe I don’t have a fantastic voice, but I don’t think it matters, I like singing in front of an audience. I think it’s a good way to express my feelings and I can show my confidence to others.www.21-cn-jy.com
I really like listening to music, I listen to music every day while having supper. Maybe it’s not very healthy, but I like it. Music can make me very happy. When I am unhappy, it cheers me up. When I am stressed, it makes me calm down. Music is really important to me.
Sometimes I think I’m very quiet, I don’t like sports at all, but one day, I discovered that I loved swimming. I think Swimming is very interesting and I like playing with balls, but it’s not very easy and I am not very good at it. 2·1·c·n·j·y
I like reading because I can learn more. I like shopping because I can buy my friends nice gifts.【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
Hobbies make my life more meaningful, I like them.21·世纪*教育网
My hobbies
Different people have different hobbies. Such as sailing, climbing and mountain biking. But my hobbies are swimming and painting.21教育网
I timided when I was a children. So my parents wanted me to swim. After that, I’m very like swimming. I spend some of my free time swimming for swimming pool. I think I will like to swimming all the time.21·cn·jy·com
Painter is my dream. During the summer holiday of 2007. I spend one mouth on a painting training . And I portrait of good painting. This painting gave me a great encouragement.
Hobbies will bring me happiness. I hope can also bring you happiness.www-2-1-cnjy-com
My Hobby
There are a great many hobbies to choose from. Some people enjoy collecting coins or stamps, others choose to spend their time on sports or music. I have many hobbies, but raising flowers and cycling are my favourite. I benefit from them .raising flowers can edification my sentiment and make a cultivated for me. cycling maintain a mental and physical balance. In my spare time. I often cycling to play. It is especially good for health. It is good exercise. If you go to work by riding a bicycle instead of driving or taking a bus, you can have a better chance of getting enough exercise you need everyday. Bicycling is also good for our environment. I like raising flowers and cycling and I will remain.21世纪教育网版权所有
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S +V (主+谓)
基本句型二: S +V +P (主+系+表)
基本句型三: S +V +O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型 一
S +V(主+谓)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
这些动词常见的有:take place, happen, break out, appear, disappear, apologize, arrive, come, die, exist, fall, rise, hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等等。
(2)有些动词如wash, sell, burn,write, clean, draw, cook, read等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。
S V (不及物动词) 1. Time
2. The moon
3. The man
4. We all
5. Everybody
6. I
7. They
8. He
9.He
10.They
flies.
rose.
cooked.
eat, and drink.
laughed?
woke.
talked for half an hour.
walked yesterday
is playing
have gone
基本句型 二
S +V +P(主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn,go等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand21·世纪*教育网
(3)形容词,名词,现在分词,过去分词,不定式,介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语。
S V(是系动词) P(表语)
1. This
2. The dinner
3. He
4. Everything
5. He
6. The book
7. The weather
8. His face
is
smells(闻)
fell
looks
is
is
became
turned
an English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
red.
基本句型 三
S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。21教育网
S V(实义动词) O(宾语)
1. Who
2. She
3. He
8. He
5. They
6. Danny
7. I
4. He
knows
laugh at
understands
made
ate
likes
want
said
the answer?
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
donuts.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
基本句型 四
S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。21cnjy.com
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。2-1-c-n-j-y
3主语+ 谓语+宾语
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:21*cnjy*com
(1)我要一杯茶。
(2)你可以把书放在书包里。
(3)我昨天看了一部名叫Gone With The Wind的电影。
(4)这些孩子他们照看得很好。
(5)我想她今天不会来参加我们的舞会。
只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有:
afford,agree,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine, fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,threaten,wish,arrange,learn,etc.【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
(1)所有男生都喜欢足球。(2)我想一个人做这项工作。
动词之后只能跟动名词做宾语:acknowledge(承认),admit,appreciate(感激),avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,prevent,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,practice,quit(放弃),risk,(can’t)stand,suggest,advise等;
动词短语有: go on,give up,put off,feel like 等。
(1) 你真的无法想象再这样的环境下生活。(imagine) (2)你做完作业了吗?(finish) 【版权所有:21教育】
(3)我们必须避免再犯这样的错误。avoid (4)你介不介意我在这吸烟?mind
(5)我们每天应该在课外练习讲英语。practice
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。这类词常有award,give, offer , bring, buy ,show等
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:1)动词+ 宾语 + for sb.( buy,);
2)动词 + 宾语+to sb.(give,offer,show)如:
(1)昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼物。(用两种结构各翻译一句)
(2)请把你的画给我看一下。(用两种结构各翻译一句)
(3)她把座位让给我。(用两种结构各翻译一句)(4)他问了我一个奇怪的问题。
(5)他给我一个苹果。(用两种结构各翻译一句)
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的。通常放在宾语的后面。如:
The news made me excited. 这里excited 就是me 的宾语补足语。
1)、不定式作宾补
A . 不定式前带 to
常用的动词有:
advise, cause, allow, drive, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, permit, tell, trust, urge, persuade, remind, teach, want, warn, get, ask, forbid, beg, require, tempt, enable, lead, instruct 等,以及表示 "情感状态"的动词 love, like, prefer, hate 等后面跟带to的不定式作补语.21*cnjy*com
1. 他叫我跟他一起去逛街。 2. 村民们不允许他们做这。(allow)
3. 老师告诉他今晚六点钟过来这里。 4. 他说服了弟弟上床睡觉。
5. 史密斯夫妇邀请我去他们家里吃饭。 6. 玛丽提醒我要准时参加会议
7. 爸爸警告我不要吸烟。 8. 他想我跟他一起工作。
9. 我期待他能在考试中成功。 10. 我更喜欢你呆在这里。
11. 我讨厌他今晚过来吃饭。 12. 老师要求我们在9点钟之前交作业。(require)
13. 约翰建议玛丽干什么? 14. 石油的短缺(shortage)导致了价格的急剧上升。
15. 我的好朋友鼓励我不要放弃。 16. 最后一辆公共汽车开走了,我被迫要打的。
17. 参观者请勿拍照。(permit) 18. 你可以相信我不会跟任何人讲。(trust)
19. 她力劝他留下。(urge) 20. 你能教我干那活儿吗?
21. 他让姐姐帮助他做作业。(get) 22. 在考试过程中禁止离开课室。(forbid)
23. 我希望你今晚可以过来。(like) 24. 饥饿驱使她去偷窃。
25. 她求他别离开。(beg)
26. 这种软件使你能在几秒钟之内便可访问互联网。(enable)
27. 他的话使我去找出真相。(lead) 28. 他指示我开灯。
29. 他打算让他的孩子成为医生。(intend) 30. 我很愿意让他来和我们住在一起。(love)
B . 不定式前不带 to
表示 "感觉"的动词see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel 等和三个表示 "致使"的动词make, have, let 后面跟不带to的不定式作补语.
1. 我看到所有的杯子都掉到地上了。 2. 我最终使她改变了主意。
3. 我听到了他在房间里唱歌。 4. 我让他打扫了教室。
5. 我注意到他走进了那家工厂。 6. 我觉得有东西在我的手臂上爬着(crawl up)。
C . 不定式为to be
在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be,如:believe, consider, declare, find, imagine, know, prove, suppose, feel, think, understand等等。
1. 这个答案证明是错的。 2. 我认为他是一个好学生。(think)
3. 我相信他是诚实的。 (believe) 4. 你能想象他成为一名歌星吗?
5. 我发觉他很吝啬。(find) 6. 我认为他很蠢。(consider)
7. 总统宣布他成为市长。declare 8. 我们知道她很勤奋。
9. 我猜想他是一个好的领导。suppose 10. 她认为她有责任告诉警察。consider【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
2)、分词作宾补
分词作宾语补足语时,如果分词与宾语构成"主谓关系",用现在分词;如果构成"动宾关系",则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有:find, feel , get , have , hear , keep , notice , see , watch,make, leave等。www.21-cn-jy.com
1. 我发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。 2. 我发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。
3. 我发现她的房子重新粉刷过了。 4. 我看到他被人打。
5. 这里太吵了。别人很难听到我的话。(make)
6. 因为我的英语很差,我不能用英语表达我的意思。(make)
7. 我让别人修理我的车。(have,make,get)
8. 你没隔多久理一次发?(have, get) 9. 我把工作留下来给别人做。leavewww-2-1-cnjy-com
10. 我让机器整个晚上在运转。have 11. 我听到有人在叫我。hear
12. 我听到我的名字被人叫。 hear 13. 我注意到杯子碎了。notice【出处:21教育名师】
14. 老师让学生一直在阅读课文。(keep) 15. 我让门锁着。(keep)
3)、形容词作宾补
常用形容词作宾补的动词有: keep, leave, find, make, feel, think, consider等
1. 学生要保持课室清洁。 2. 不要留着门开着。
3. 我发觉这本书很有趣。 4. 我觉得跟他聊天很有趣。
5. 他把囚犯们都释放了。(set) 6. 我认为不可能在如此短的时间内完成作业。7.21世纪教育网版权所有
4)、名词作宾补
常用名词作宾补的动词有:find, name, call, elect, make, choose 等
1. 我觉得他是一个很聪明的学生。2. 我们选他作班长。
3. 小孩子们叫他大拇指叔叔。 4. 群众让他当上了总统。
5. 那对夫妇把孩子命名为约翰。
5)、由 as 构成的短语作宾补
常用as构成的短语作宾补的动词有:consider…as, treat…as, regard…as, look on…as, have…as, take…as, think of…as等21·cn·jy·com
1. 你决不能认为他是一个自私的人。 2. 他们把我当作是女儿来看待。
3. 我把它当作是一个艰巨的任务。 4. 我们能让谁作校长呢?
5. 她把他说的话看作是称誉(compliment)。(take...as)
6.There be 句型
此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语构成,用以表达存在有,一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如,
现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were…2·1·c·n·j·y
将来有 there will be…/there is /are going to be...
可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be …/there must have been...
过去一直有 there used to be …
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
此句型有时不用be动词,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等。
翻译练习:
1.今晚没有会。 2.这个村子过去只有一口井。
3.这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4.客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5.天气预报说下午有大风。 6.灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。
7.战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 8.恰好那时房里没人。
9.从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
10.公共汽车来了。 11.就只剩下二十八美元了。
12.在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。 13.铃响了。
14.二月份有二十八天。 15.村子里面住在几百人。
16.车子到达了。 17.在地球上存在着许多物种。
18.有几个笔记本躺在桌子上面。 19.刚好有100块在我的口袋里。
20.这机器昨天肯定有问题。
英语五大基本句型练习1.I am sorry to have kept you ____.? ?? ???a.??wait? ?? ?b. to wait? ?? ?c. waiting? ???d. waited 2.She found her dog ___over by a car on the road.? ? ??a. run? ?? ?? ?? ? b. ran? ?? ?? ?? ?d. to run? ?? ?? ???d. running3. Rose is going to have her hair _____.? ? ??a. do? ? b. done? ? c. did? ? d. doing 4. She felt somebody ___her.? ? ??a. touched? ???b. touches? ? c. touch? ? d. to touch5. She taught him _____speak English.? ???a. how? ? b. how could he? ? c. how he could? ? d. how to 6.He didn’t enjoy the play because he ____.? ? ??a. was boring? ?b. bored? ???c. was bored? ???d. boring 7.I will make your dream ____.? ?? ?????a. comes true? ? b. to come true? ? c. coming truly? ???d. come true8.He warned ____home .????a. us to not go? ???b. us not to go? ???c. we not go? ???d. us not go 9. Canned food does not go ____.? ? ??a. bed easily? ?? ? b. badly easy? ? c. bad easy? ? d. badly easily10.The sad news kept her ___all the night.? ?????a. awake? ? b. waken? ? c. wake? ???d. to wake 11.I think ____a bad habit to get up late .? ?? ???a. that? ? b. it? ???c. this? ?d. its 12.He found his money _____.? ?? ???a. steal? ? b. stealing? ?c. stolen? ???d. to steal 13.Roses in bloom smell ____.? ?? ???a. sweetly? ?? ?b. sweet? ???c. sweeten? ???d. sweetness14.We must have the machine ____.? ?????a. to repair? ?b. repairing? ?? ?c. repair? ? d. repaired 15.She was lying in the sofa ____a book.? ???a. reading? ? b. read? ?? ?c. to read? ???d. to reading 16.A television set will keep us ____of the news of the day.? ? ??a. inform? ?? ?? ???b. to inform? ?? ?? ?? ? c. informed? ?? ?? ? d. informing17.The speaker found himself ____all alone.????a. left? ???b. leave? ? c. leaving? ?? ?d. to leave18.The speaker found himself ____.??a. misunderstand? ?? ?b. misunderstanding? ???c. misunderstood? ?? ?d. to misunderstand 19.-My watch is broken.? ?–Why don’t you ___.????a. take a repairer your watch? ?? ?? ???b. take your watch a repairer? ???c. take to a repairer it? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???d. take it to a repairer 20.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldn’t find ____the hotel.??a. how to return to? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???b. how you could go for ??c. the way back for? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???d. the way back to 21.Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ____.? ? ??a. made a cake to me? ? b. made a cake me? ?c. made for me a cake? ?d. made me a cake22. The teacher ____John a good student.? ? ??a. believes? ?? ?? ???b. knows? ?? ?? ? c. suggests? ?? ?? ?? ???d. considers23.It’s a fine day. Let’s go boating, ___?? ?? ???a. will we? ? b. don’t we? ?c. won’t we? ?d. shall we24.Don’t smoke in the classroom, ___?? ?????a. will you? ?b. do you? ? c. don’t you? ???d. won’t you 25.He seldom has lunch at home, ____he?? ???a. has? ???b. hasn’t? ?? ?c. does? ?? ???d. doesn’t26.We had to get up early, ___we?? ? ??a. didn’t? ?? ?b. don’t? ???c. had? ?? ? d. did27.You had Tom do the job, ____you?? ?? ? ??a. did? ???b. didn’t? ?c. had? ???d. hadn’t28.Let us have another look, ____you?? ?????a. will? ? b. would? ? c. won’t? ?? ? d. wouldn’t29.Nobody came, ___?? ? ??a. didn’t he? ???b. didn’t they? ? c. did he? ? d. did they 30.We ought to hand it in today, ____we?? ? ??a. oughtn’t? ?? ? b. don’t? ?? ?c. shouldn’t? ? d. won’t31.We’d better wait for ten more minutes, ___?????a. hadn’t we? ?? ?? ???b. don’t we? ?? ?? ???c. didn’t we? ?? ???d. wouldn’t we 32. I’d like a sandwich, ____?? ? ??a. would you? ?b. do you? ?c. couldn’t you? ? d. don’t you33.This is the third time this week John has had to study late, ___?? ???a. hasn’t he??b. isn’t he??c. hasn’t it??d. isn’t it 34.You and I did it together, ___?????a. didn’t I? ?? ?b. didn’t you? ?? ? c. did you? ?? ? d. didn’t we 35.They should have completed it earlier, ____???a. should they? ?? ? b. shouldn’t they? ?? ? c. have they? ?? ?d. haven’t they36. You may take it if you want to, ___? ??a. mayn’t you? ?? ?? ?b. don’t you? ?? ?? ? c. shouldn’t you? ?? ?? ?d. won’t you37.You must have told Mr. Smith the secret, ___???a. mustn’t you? ???b. must you? ? c. haven’t you? ???d. have you 38.She disliked the skirt his father bought her, ___? ??a. did she? ?? ???b. didn’t she? ?? ? c. was she? ?? ?? ?d. wasn’t she 39.Tom said he was not there then, ___?? ???a. didn’t he? ?? ?? ? b. did he? ?? ? c. wasn’t he? ???d. was he 40. I suppose he is honest , ___?? ?? ???a. don’t I? ?? ?? ?b. do I? ???C. isn’t he? ?? ?d. is he 41. I don’t think he is serious, ___?? ?? ? ??a. don’t I? ?? ?? ? b. do I? ???C. isn’t he? ???d. is he??42.She’s finished the job, ____she ?? ? ??a. doesn’t? ???b. isn’t? ? c. wasn’t? ? d. hasn’t 43. –You aren’t a teacher, are you?? ???a. Yes, I am not? ? b. No, I am? ???c. No, but I was? ? d. Yes, I wasn’t44.- ____is your sister?? ???-She is a teacher in a middle school. ??a. Who? ?? ? b. What? ?? ???c. Which? ?? ?? ???d. Where45.-How are your parents?? ???-_____.??a. They are doctors? ? b. They like sweet food? ???c. They are fine? ?? ? d. They are fifty46. -___will you get married to him.? ? -In a month.??a. How soon? ???b. How long? ???c. How often? ? d. How much? ???47. There ____two films this week in our school.? ? ??a. is? ? b. have? ? c. have been? ? d. has 48. There ____a lot of news about the fire on TV last night.? ?????a. was? ?b. had? ?c. were? ?d. is 49.There used to be a temple there, ____???a. usedn’t it? ?? ?? ?? ? b. used there? ?? ?? ?c. didn’t it? ?? ?? ? d. didn’t there 50. There ___ a stream in front of our house.? ???a. lies? ?b. has? ?c. stand? ???d. lie 21教育名师原创作品
初中英语的基本句型
英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为六种基本句型。
句型一:主语+不及物动词
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念, 不需要宾语及补语, 但有时可有副词, 介词短语等状语修饰语。21教育网
e.g. The rain stopped .
The old man walks in the park .
句型一的扩展:1.主语+不及物动词+状语
e.g. The machine? works? smoothly. (机器运转正常。)
2. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)
特别提醒
动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时,通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
句型二 :主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语。
e.g. My sister is a nurse .
I feel quite hungry .
The ball is? under the desk .
句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We are learning English .
Do you know him ?
Your radio needs repairing .
She? hopes? to see her uncle.
句型四:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
Give me the book, please.
特别提醒
A. 在此句型中, 通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语(物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .
Give the book to me , please .
直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词有:
give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)21世纪教育网版权所有
间接宾语前加介词for的动词有:
buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)21cnjy.com
B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。
e.g.? I handed it to our teacher .
不能说:I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一个名词,形容词,副词, 动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。www.21-cn-jy.com
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.
The news made us sad.
She saw the thief steal into the shop .
The teacher asked me to answer the question .
I found the man stealing the money .
I found my money stolen .
特别提醒
A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。21·cn·jy·com
B. 在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得),see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式, 则省掉"to",但变为被动语态时, 则要带"to".2·1·c·n·j·y
e.g. We hear her sing next door.
She is heard to sing next door .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况。
e.g. They saw him steal the old man's money.
He was seen to steal the old man's money
句型六:There +不及物动词+主语
e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .
There comes the bus .
同步练习
用所给词的适当形式填空
My hobby is (collect) all kinds of fans.
I am (interest) in (listen)to my teacher (speak).
My main interest is (watch) the football match on TV.
I am good at (swim).
That boy does well in (write).
根据汉语提示完成句子,没空一词
Look,the students (整理)their classroom.
We saw him (拉小提琴)
I’ve got (至少) fifty or sixty model plans.21教育网
句型转换,没空一词
1) The Little girl is a Little shy in front of the class (写出同义句)
The little girl is shy in front of the class
2) There are fifty or sixty students in a class in our school.(对划线部分提问)
in a class in our school?
补全对话,没空一词
Mum:Tony,your room is very . Can you , please?
Tony:OK,mum.
Mum:You need to find your collection of model cars. You have so many now.21cnjy.com
Dad:I collect cars ,too. when I was your age. And I also collected .
Tony:Well, I tickets. A stamp collecting is too expensive for me.
Dad:Yes,I a lot of money. some special stamps.
Mum:My was collecting dolls at that time. Oh, and I had a collecting of ,you know ,Chinese fans. It me much time to collect them.
答案:
(一):1)collecting 2)interested,listening,speak 3)to watch 4)swimming 5)writing 21·cn·jy·com
(二) 1)are tidying 2)play the piano 3)at least
(三) 1)a little bit 2) How many students are there21世纪教育网版权所有
(四)1)mess 2)tidy it up 3)somewhere to put 4) stamps 5) collect 6)spent 7)on 8)hobby 9)fans 10)tookwww.21-cn-jy.com
课件22张PPT。英语中的五种基本句型
英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S +V (主+谓)
基本句型二: S +V +P (主+系+表)
基本句型三: S +V +O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型 一
S +V(主+谓)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。基本句型 二
S +V +P(主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn,go等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand 基本句型 三
S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 基本句型 四
S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。 基本句型 五
S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。典型例题分析1.They work hard.
主 + 谓
2.The flower is dead.
主 + 系 + 表
3.Plants need water.
主 + 谓 + 宾
4.He gives me some seeds.
主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 简宾
5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
6.Many animals live in trees.
主 + 谓
除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五(v+o+o.c)为例:
We found the hall full.
我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers
listening to an important report.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers
listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。
不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例:
He's getting angry. (S V P)
He got through the window. (S V O)
You'll get a surprise. (S V O)
He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)
He got himself into trouble. (S V O C)
He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O)
在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:
I found the book easily.
我很容易地找到了这本书。S V O M)
I found the book easy.
我觉得这本书很容易。 (S V O C)
I have to do something. 我得做点事。
I have something to do. 我有点事做。
A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006.
S + V
英语句式考查1.Whom?would?you?rather____?the?car?
—My?father.
A. have?fix?? B. have?to?fix???
C. had?fix???????????? D. have?to?be?fixed
2.Was?it?8?o’clock ___you?heard?someone____
at?the?door?
A.when;knocking?????????B.when;knock???????????????
C.that;knocking????????????D.that;knock
3.Was?it?in?the?room___?Mr.?John?lived____the?
exhibition?was?held?
A.that;that?????? B.where;where???????
C.that;where???????? D.where;that
4.—Is?________?you?want?to?say?
—Yes,________?that’s?all?I?know.
A.all?what;yet???????????????B.which?all;unless??????????
C.that?all;×?????????????????D.all?that;so5.Was?it?not?until?1920___?regular?radio?
broadcasts?began?
A.while????B.which?????????C.that????????????D.since
6.___the?house?Mr?Zhang?has?been?broken?into?
A.When?was?it?that???????????????????B.When?has
C.Has?????????????????????????????????????????D.Had
7.Did____?she?was?chosen?make?her?very?happy?
A.what?????????B.that???????????C.which???????????D.it
8.Was?it?at?the?air?battle?on?June?8,1994,_____?
was?led?by?captain?Johnson,________??Peter
?lost?his?life?
A.when;that???????????????????????????B.that;who
C.which;that??????????????????????????D.which;when9.---Would you tell me ___you want your tea, with
sugar or milk?
---Sugar, please.
A.whether B.when C.what D.how
10.At last the soldiers reached ____the locals
called the Golden Triangle.
A.what B.which C.as D.one
11. “We’ll make public schools ____can be.”said
the president in the speech.
A.what they B.what it C.that they D.all it
12.The art center is ___used to be a factory, ____
millions of tractors were made.
A.what, where B.where, where
C.what, which D.where, which13.The thought of going home to his family was all __kept him happy while he was working abroad .
A.that B.what C.those D.which
14. I am ashamed, sir, that I wasted the many hours _____ I should have studied in class.
A. while B. as C. once D. when
15. Teachers should create an environment_____ children are taught how to solve problems of learning by themselves.
A.why B.where C.which D.whose课件35张PPT。句 子 成 分
Members of a Sentence*句子成分由词或词组充当英语的基本成分有七种:
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
和___________________主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement)英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种
基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型, 是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一: S V (主+谓)
二: S V P (主+系+表)
三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型 一:SV(主+谓)主语: 可以作主语的成分有名词, 主格代词,
动词不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓语: 谓语由动词构成, 是英语时态、语态
变化的主角, 一般在主语之后。不及物动词
(vi.)没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。如: We come.S│V(不及物动词)1. The sun│rose.
2. Who │cares?
3. What he said │does not matter.
4. They │talked for half an hour.
5. The pen │writes smoothly此句型的句子有一个共同特点, 即句子的谓语动词
都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,
后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点: 句子谓语
动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上
一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合
谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做
连系动词。系动词分两类: be, look, keep, seem等, 表情况;
get, grow, become, turn等属另一类, 表变化。
be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表语的
作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作连系动词: look well/面色好,
sound nice/听起来不错, feel good/感觉好,
smell bad/难闻 S│V(是系动词)│ P(表语) 1. This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner│smells│good.
3. He│fell│in love.
4. Everything│looks│different.
5. He│is growing│tall and strong.
6. Our well│has gone│dry.
7. His face│turned│red. *There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。
这里的there没有实际意义, 不可与副词
‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词, 表示
“(存在)有某事物”。试比较: There is a boy there. (那儿有一个男孩)
前一个there无实意, 后一个there为副词‘那里’。基本句型 三:S V O (主+谓+宾)此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都
具有实义, 都是主语产生的动作, 但不能
表达完整的意思, 必须跟有一个宾语,
即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫做及物动词。S│V(及物动词)│O(宾语)1. Who│knows│the answer?
2. He │has refused│to help them.
3. He│enjoys│reading.
4. He│said│“Good morning.”
5. He│admits│that he was mistaken. 基本句型 四:S V o O
(主+谓+间宾+直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, e.g.
give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个
指人(间接宾语); 一个指物(直接宾语)。--Give me a cup of tea please.
--Show this house to Mr. Smith.
--Bring it to me, please. S│V(及物)│o(多指人)│O(多指物)She│ordered│herself│a new dress.
2. He│brought│you│a dictionary.
3. I│showed│him│my pictures.
4. I│told│him│that the bus was late.
5. He│showed│me│how to run the machine. 基本句型 五:S V O C
(主+谓+宾+宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是: 动词虽然是及物动词,
但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上
一个补充成分来补足宾语, 才能使意思完整。宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。
可以用作宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词, 不定式,
动名词, 分词, 介词短语等。The war made him a soldier.
New methods make the job easy.
I often find him at work.
The teacher ask the students to close
the windows.
I saw a cat running across the road.名词/代词宾格 + n./adj./ 介词短语/
动词不定式/分词S │V(及物)│ O(宾语) │ C(宾补) 1. They│painted│the door│green.
2. This│set│them │thinking.
3. They│found│the house│deserted.
4. He│asked│me│to come back soon.
5. I │saw│them│getting on the bus. a. S V b. S V P c. S V O
d. S V o O e. S V O C 1. Pleas tell us a story. _______
2. She smiled. ______
3. I have a lot work to do. _____
4. His job is to train swimmers. _____
5. He noticed a man enter the room. _____
6. Please look at the picture. _____daebec但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样
简短, 除了基本句型的成分不变外, 通常
是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些
修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是
单词 (adj./adv./num. 数词)短语 (主要
是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。
我们称之为: 定语、状语
The little boy needs a blue pen. 一、 定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用
的词、短语或句子, 译为‘‘……的’’。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
复合不定代词(something/nothing)之后;
不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在
被修饰的成分后;
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。Two boys need two pens.
His name is Tom.
The boy in blue is Tom.
The boy there needs a pen.
The boy needs a ball pen.
There is nothing to do today.
The pen bought by her is made in China.
The boy you will know is Tom. 二、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的
句子成分, 说明方式、因果、条件、时间、
地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。--The boy needs a pen now.
--The boy needs a pen very much.可用作状语的有副词, 不定式, 分词,
介词短语, 从句等。 In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.
在教室里, 男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)
Before his mother, Tom is always a boy.
在母亲面前, 汤姆总是一个男孩子。(条件状语)
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.
星期天, 教室里没有学生。 (时间状语) 介词短语作状语:分词(短语)作状语:He sits there, asking for a pen.
他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)
Having to finish his homework, the boy
needs a pen.
因为不得不完成作业, 男孩需要一支笔。
(原因状语)
Frightened, he sits there soundlessly.
(因为)受了惊吓, 他无声地坐在那儿。
(原因状语)The boy needs a pen to do his homework.
男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)
To make his dream come true, Tom becomes
very interested in business.
为实现梦想, 汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣. 不定式作状语:状语从句:
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、
原因状语从句、结果状语从句、
目的状语从句、比较状语从句、
让步状语从句、条件状语从句 --We chatted as we walked along.
--Even if she laughs at him, he adores her.三、同位语:同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在
同等位置时, 一个句子成分用来说明和解释
另一个句子成分, 这个句子成分就叫做它的
同位语。
We students should study hard.
(students是we的同位语, 都是指同一批“学生”)
We all are students.
(all是we的同位语, 都指同样的“我们”)四、独立成分:与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的
独立成分。
感叹词: oh, hello, aha, ah,等。
肯定词: yes
否定词: no
称呼语: 称呼人的用语。
插入语: 一些句中插入的 I think, I believe,等。
如: The story, I think, has never come to the
end. 我相信, 这个故事还远没结束.(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn’t done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want
to go swimming, how about you?
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二) 挑出下列句中的表语
-- The old man was feeling very tired.
-- The leaves have turned yellow.
-- Soon They all became interested in
the subject.(三) 挑出下列句中的定语
1. What is your given name?
2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep
the floor.
3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
4. I am waiting for the sound of the other
shoe!(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers
and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.(五) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was
eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was traveling
too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm,
Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves
books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must
pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see
the other machine.划分句子成分You will tell your friend that you’ve got to
school.
2. But as the moon gave far too much light,
I didn’t dare open a window.
3. Another time five months ago, I happened
to be upstairs at dusk when the window
was open.
4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the
thundering clouds held me entirely in
their power.1.You will tell (your) friend that you’ve got to school.
2. But [as the moon gave far too much light], I didn’t
dare open a window.
3. [Another time five months ago], I happened to be
Upstairs [at dusk] (when the window was open).
4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thundering
Clouds held me [entirely] in their power.主语谓语间宾定语直接宾语原因状语主语 谓语宾语I请根据汉语意思连词成句。
一、主谓结构
太阳升起。
sun, rises, the
红太阳升起。
sun, rises, the, red
红太阳在东方升起。
sun, rises, the, red, in the east
你要努力学习。
study, should, you, hard
他很晚才回家。
he, home, very, went, late
在月球上是没有生命的。
on, can, moon, the, live, nothing
他去国外做些研究工作。
went, do, he, abroad, to, some, research
那个小孩唱歌的嗓子很好。
child, little, sang, the, with, voice, a, beautiful21·cn·jy·com
9. 时间过得真快。
passes, time, quickly, very
10. 每天下午有很多学生到图书馆来借书。
come, to borrow, to the library, books, a lot of, every, students, afternoon
二、主系表结构
1. 我妈妈是护士。
a, my, mother, is, nurse
2. 老师生气了。
got, angry, teacher, the
3. 这是关于一位音乐家的故事。
musician, is, a, about, story, this
4. 他们看起来对我们很友好。
appeared, with, they, to be friendly, us
5. 身体感到很冷。
feels, cold, very, body, the
6. 布莱克的脸慢慢变红了。
Mr. Black’s, slowly, face, red, turned
7. 这个计划听起来很实际。
practical, plan, the, sounds, very
8. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家。
he, at the age of, fifteen, pianist, famous, a, becamewww.21-cn-jy.com
9. 那个大垃圾堆散发出臭味。
big, dump, rubbish, the, terrible, smells
10. 他的实验证明是成功的。
proved, experiment, his, to be successful
三、主谓宾结构
1. 他两年前就不教书了。
he, his, teaching, two, gave, up, years, ago
2. 大雪使我们不能动身。
snow, the, going, from, prevented, us
3. 怀特夫人照看着我的孩子。
looked, my, children, after, Mrs. White
4. 学生上课时应注意听老师讲课。
pay attention to, students, the, teacher, should21cnjy.com
5. 他们顺利的完成了计划。
successfully, they, carried out, plan, the
6. 人们谈论过那次音乐会。
concert, talked, people, the, about
7. 你们必须在课后把练习本交来。
must, you, your, hand in, exercise-books, after class2·1·c·n·j·y
8. 长江把汉口和武昌分隔开来。
Hankou, Wuchang, separates, the Yangtze River, from【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
9. 五分钟之内我们是不可能解出这道题的。
work out, in five minutes, we, can’t, the, problem21·世纪*教育网
10. 他买这条项链花了五百美元。
he, five hundred, the, necklace, spent, on, dollarswww-2-1-cnjy-com
四、主谓双宾语结构(间接宾语+直接宾语)
1. 他给了我一朵红玫瑰。
rose, a, he, me, gave, red
2. 这孩子把他的身世告诉了我。
told, me, the, story, boy, his
3. 这件晚礼服花了他20美元。
twenty dollars, cost, the, him, evening, dress
4. 史密斯先生在课堂上问了我们几个问题。
Mr. Smith, us, class, questions, asked, some, in, the21教育网
5. 约翰没有对经理说实话。
tell, did, not, John, manager, the, the, truth
6. 你必须在星期五之前把书还给图书馆。
before, the, library, books, the, to, you, must, return, Friday21世纪教育网版权所有
五、主谓复合宾语结构(宾语+宾补)
1. 我们选举杨林当班长。
elected, Yangling, monitor, we, our
2. 他们给儿子取名为亨利。
they, their, son, Henry, named
3. 太阳使我们保持温暖。
sun, us, keeps, the, warm
4. 这个消息使他很不愉快。
news, him, makes, the, unhappy.
5. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
us, all, him, of, supposed, honest
语法点拨
1. 简单句的五种基本句型
简单句只包含一个主谓结构,并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成,不包含任何从句。简单句有五种基本句型。
(1) S + V (主语+不及物动词)
The new term begins.新学期开始了。
(2) S + V + DO (主语+及物动词+宾语)
The girl is learning to play the piano.这个女孩在学弹钢琴。
(3) S + V + P (主语+连系动词+表语)
Susan is a student.苏珊是个学生。
(4) S + V + IO + DO (主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
He bought her a watch.他给她买了一块表。
(5) S + V + DO + OC (主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语)
We all be lived you honest.我们都认为你是诚实的。
【小试牛刀】
1. The Internet _________ it easy to get much new information in a short time.(2003年安徽中考)21教育网
A. finds B. makes C. feels D. takes
2. Be careful, Jane. Don’t ????????your hands dirty. (2002年安徽中考)21世纪教育网版权所有
A. get??? ???????????? B. keep??? ????????? C. have??? ???????????? D. let21cnjy.com