课件18张PPT。 构词法 (Word Formation) 英语主要有三种构词法:
1.派生(Derivation):
2.合成(Compounding):
3.转化(Conversion)
通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:
eg. happy---- unhappy (加前缀)
---- happiness (加后缀)
由两个或更多的词合成一个词
eg. wood(木)+ cut(刻)----woodcut(木刻)
由一个词类转化为另一个词类:
eg. water (n.)水 ---- water (v.)浇水
Derivative 派生词incurableprefixstemsuffix＋＋To change the meaning of the wordTo change the speech(词性) of the word1.派生词 注意:前缀一般只改变词义, 不改变词类;后缀一般只改变 词类,不引起词义变化(否定)(使可能)(相互,之间)（误）(重复,再)(远程)（不）(不,非)co— together
coworker, cooperate
super—
supermarket, superstar, supermantrans— across
translate, transplant, transport
sub— under
Subway subtropics亚热带
subtitle副标题Some common suffixes1. For nouns(to change the speech) er/or
ist
ness
tion
ment2. For verbsen
enrichenlargeenable3. For adj. ful
ous
able
y
ed4. For adv.-ly-fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成为)
simplify(简化) ,
satisfy ,
realize
organize- al ;
– an ;
– ern;
-ble ;
–ish ;
–ive;
- less e.g. practical , American, southern , possible,
active, native, rainy, careless-ward (s) 表示方向 :towards,
forward, outwardGuess the meaning of each underlined word. 1.The average output of the factory is
20 cars a day.
output=out+put 产量
2.She has written good essays
before,but this one is substandard.
substandard=sub-+standard 低于标准的，不够标准的
3.He is a kind of intellectual superman.
superman=super-+man 超人
4.The lack of a common language made it very difficult to intercommunicate (with each other).
intercommunicate=inter-+communicate 互相联系
5.Transplant the seedlings into peaty soil.
.transplant=trans-+plant 移植
6.Have you read an e-book?
e-book=electronic+book 电子图书
7.They helped us to map out a long-term plan.
.long-term=long+term 长期的②名词+动名词 machine-building (机械制造)2.合成词
1）合成名词①名词(代词) +名词 spaceship, she-wolf
③名词+及物动词+er(or) pain-killer (止痛药)④形容词+名词 highway
⑤及物动词+名词 breakfast⑥ 动词+副词 turn-off
⑵合成形容词①形容词(数词)+名词+ ed cold-blooded
②名词+名词 +ed potato-shaped 马铃薯形式的 ③名词(代词)+分词 hand-made, self-educated
④名词(代词)+形容词 color-blind 色盲的
⑤形容词(数词)+名词/分词 left-hand , good-looking⑥副词+分词/形容词 hard-working ,ever-green tree⑦动词+副词 see-through
⑧ 介词+名词 downhill 下坡的
(3) 合成动词①副词+动词 ill-treat 虐待
②名词(代词)+动词 mass-produce 大规模生产
③形容词+动词 safe-guard 保卫⑷.合成副词 ①副词+副词 however②代词+副词 anywhere
③ 副词+名词 downstairs
④形容词+名词 anyway (无论如何)
⑸.合成代词 some ,any, no, 可以与-thing, -one, -body 合成代词.
如: anybody , something 3.转化: 是由一词类转化为另一词类⑴动词转化为名词
E.g. We paid a visit to the park yesterday.
注意: 英语中常用 give, take, have, make 等词构成这一类词组,表示一个动作. 如:
give a shout , give a kick; take a seat, take a bath; have a swim, have a smoke; make a bet, make a decision2.名词转化为动词e.g. The hall can seat two thousand people
They have booked their plane ticket.
3.形容词转化为动词
e.g. The car slowed down to half its speed.
The room gradually quieted down.
4. 形容词转化为副词E.g. How long is the line? (adj)
How long have you lived in China? (adv)
5. 形容词转化为名词
E.g. There is something wrong with the car.
He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong .(n.)
HomeworkGo over the grammar on Page 137.
Finish the grammar exercises(1-4) on Page 91-92).课件8张PPT。合成词 Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛药＋＝color- blind色盲＋＝sleep-walk梦游sleep-walkerGuess the meaning Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stare at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”value B. result
C. performance D. connection√1. He was one of the best _______ in yesterday’s football match. (play)
2. Look! How _______ Kate is laughing! (happy)
3. It snowed _______ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)
4. Edison was a great ________. During his life he had many __________. (invent)players happily heavily inventor inventions 构词法精练 Use the appropriate form of the words to
fill in the blanks.5. More and more _________ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）
6. We want ___________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)
7. Please give me some reference work. It will ________ my task. (simple)
8. The boy had the ___________ of being half starved. (appear)
9. The police have __________ a plot against the President. (cover)
10. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _________.(operate) foreigners satisfactory simplify appearance uncovered operation 11. She hoped that her son would become a _________. (music)
12. Few ________ words made us excited. (speak)
13. The days on the moon get hotter than ________ water. (boil)
14. Thank you for your _________. (kind)
15. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _________ .
(expensive)
16. Most international _________ letters are written in English, too. (busy)musician spoken boiling kindness expenses business 17. The boy noticed an ___________ mistake on his paper, but he decided not to say anything about it. (correct)
18. When in Rome, do as the ________ do. (Rome)
19. The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest)
20. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise) uncorrected Romans honesty noisily
