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第三讲
代词
30
7
6
3
9
6
1
1
学大教育新初一暑期课程7
2
学大教育精品课程
课题
第一讲:元音
教学目标
学习20个元音
重点难点
1、掌握20个元音2、能拼读音标,能通过拼读音标学会读单词,提高自学英语单词的能力。
音标概述及长元音
音标
( http: / / baike. / view / 198.htm"
\t
"_blank )就是记录音素的符号,是音素的标写符号。它的制定原则是:一个音素只用一个音标表示,一个音标只表示一个音素
( http: / / baike. / view / 313871.htm"
\t
"_blank )。如汉语拼音字母
( http: / / baike. / view / 104417.htm"
\t
"_blank )、英语的韦氏音标和国际音标等。狭义上的“音标”意思就是指英语音标。
本套教材所提到的“音标”都是指英语国际音标
( http: / / baike. / view / 1980937.htm"
\t
"_blank )
首先我们来看下音标的常用分类的形式。
分类一:
单元音(12个):
元音
长元音:[i:][ɑ:][ :][u:][ :]
短元音:[ ][e][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ]
双元音(8个):[a ][e ][ ][ ][ ][a ][e ][ ]
辅音
清辅音(11个):[p][t][k][f][s][θ][ ][ts][t ][tr][h]
浊辅音(15个):[b][d][g][v][z][ ][ ][dz][d ][dr][l][r][m][n][ ]
半元音(2个):[w][j]
分类二:
元音:
前元音:[i:][ ][e][ ]
中元音:[ ][ ][ :]
后元音:[ɑ:][ ][ :][ ][u:]
双元音:[e ][a ][ ][a ][ ][ ][e ][ ]
辅音:
爆破音:/b/
/p/
/ɡ/
/k/
/d/
/t/
鼻音:/m/
/n/
/
/
边音
/l/
半元音:
/W/
/j/
因为这几个音标中有/ /的音。
摩擦音:/f/
/v/
/s/
/z/
/ /
/ /
/ /
/ /
/h/
/r/
破擦音:/ /
/ /
/ /
/ /
/dr/
/tr/
本次学习我们将元音按照第一种分类方法来学习,辅音将按两种分法结合来学习。
【知识梳理】
长元音:/ɑ:/,/ :/,/ :/,
/i:/,/u:/
/ɑ:/
1.
发音要领:/ɑ:/为长元音,舌端离开下齿,舌后部略抬高,口张开,开口最大,唇形自然略成圆形。
发音诀窍:
类似发汉语“啊”,尽量张大嘴,比“啊”张嘴幅度大很多,然后发声即可
2.
单词举例
辅音+元音:/k/+/
/ɑ:/=/kɑ:/
(car
小汽车)
元音+辅音:/ɑ:/+/k/=
/ɑ:k/
(Ark
方舟)
辅音+元音+辅音:/h/+
/ɑ:/+/t/=/
hɑ:t/
(heart
心脏)
3.规则总结
ar:
start,far,
card
a:
pass,
answer
al:
half
er:
clerk
/ :/
1.发音要领:/ :/为长元音;舌端离开下齿,舌后部抬高,唇形较圆,向前突出。
发音诀窍:
类似发汉语的“喔”,园唇突出,舌头自然垂放,想公鸡一样,震动声带发出“喔”声即可。
2.
单词举例:
辅音+元音:/f/+/
:/=/f
:/
(four
四)
元音+辅音:/
:/+/t/
=/ :t/
(ought
应该)
辅音+元音+辅音:/b/+/
:/+/d/=/b :d/
(board
板)
3.规则总结
or:
horse,
short
ou:
thought,
bought
a:
water,
always
al:
walk
au:
caught
aw:
law,
dawn
ore:
more,
before
oor:
door,
floor
our:
four
/ :/
1.发音要领:/ :/为长元音,舌端离开下齿,舌中部抬高,唇形扁平,向左右略微拉开。
发音诀窍:像汉语的“饿”音,注意不要发得太短。
2.
单词举例
辅音+元音:/s/+/ :/=/s :/
(sir
先生)
元音+辅音:/ :/+
/θ/=/
:
θ/
(earth
地球)
辅音+元音+辅音:/t/+/
:/+/m/=/t
:m/
(term
学期)
3.
规则总结
ir:
dirty
er:
her
or:
work
ur:
fur
ear:
heard,
learn
/i:/
发音要领:注意/i:/为长音,舌端靠近下齿,舌前部抬高,但不接触上齿龈,唇形扁平,接近闭合。
发音诀窍:就像照相时我们喊“茄子”一样,用英语就喊“cheese”,因为这个词中的/i:/发音时,嘴角向两侧拉伸,像微笑。
单词举例:
辅音+元音:/s/+/i:/=/si:/
(see
看见)
元音+辅音:/i:/+/t/=/i:t/
(eat
吃)
辅音+元音+辅音:/n/+/i:/+/d/=/ni:d/
(need需要)
规则总结
i:
police,
machine
ea:
sea,
leave
ei:
receive,
deceit
e:
she,
eve,
evening
ee:
sweet,
meet
ie:
believe,
thief
/u:/
1.
发音要领:/u:/为长元音,舌端离开下齿;舌后部抬高;唇形尽量收缩得小而圆并且向前突出。
发音诀窍:嘴唇撅起,圆而突,音拉长。
2.
单词举例
辅音+元音:/t/+/
u:/=/tu:/
(too
也,太)
元音+辅音:/
u:/+/z/
=/u:z/
(ooze
渗出)
辅音+元音+辅音:/g/+/u:/+/s/=/gu:s/
(goose
鹅)
3.
规则总结
o:
who,
do
oo:
moon,
noon,
cool
ou:
youth,
through
u:
rule
oe:
shoe
ew:
flew
ui:
fruit
ue:
blue,
true
【例题精讲】
/ɑ:/
half
past
ten
十点半
/ :/
short
or
tall
矮或高
/ :/
turn
blue
变蓝
/i:/
eat
meat
吃肉
/u:/
too
few
太少的
【巩固练习】
一、朗读下列音标
/i:/
/i:t/
/pi:k/
/bi:d/
/di:d/
/u:/
/fu:d/
/ku:l/
/pu:l/
/tu:l/
/ :/
/n :t/
/t :n/
/f :k/
/m :n/
/a:/
/da:k/
/ka:m/
/ba:n/
/ɡa:d/
/ :/
/b :d/
/t :n/
/ :d/
/n :s/
二、字母组合的发音。
/i:/
ee
---
sleep
bee
/i:/
ea
---
teacher
cheap
/a:/
ar
---
car
park
/u:/.
oo
---
too
moon
三、根据所给的单元音音标,朗读下面的词组。
/i:/
the
deep
sleep
酣睡
green
tree
绿树
/ :/
the
third
world
第三世界
the
early
bird
早到者
/u:/
the
blue
roof
蓝色的屋顶
a
cool
pool
一个清凉的水池
/ :/
a
small
ball
一个小球
more
and
more
越来越多
/a:/
a
dark
park
一个阴暗的公园
start
a
car
发动汽车
短元音
【知识梳理】
/ /
发音要领:注意/ /为短元音:舌端靠近下齿;舌前部抬高,略高于/e/的舌位;唇形扁平,
但开口比/e/略大,可容纳食指和中指
发音诀窍:/ /是四个前元音中开口最大的音,嘴咧得像在傻笑。
2.单词举例:
辅音+元音:/f/+/ /=/f
/
元音+辅音:/ /+/z/=/ z/
(as像)
辅音+元音+辅音:/k/+/ /+/t/=/k t/
(cat猫)
3.发音规则:
a:
habit,
flag
at:
plaid
/e/
发音要领:注意/e/为短元音;舌端靠近下齿;舌前部抬高,略高于/i/的舌位,唇形扁平,但开口比/i/略大,可容纳一个食指尖。
发音诀窍:有点像轻轻地应声“哎”
2.单词举例:
辅音+元音:/l/+/e/=/le/
元音+辅音:/e/+/g/=/eg/
(egg
蛋)
辅音+元音+辅音:/b/+/e/+/t/=/bet/
(bet
打赌)
3.规则总结
e:bed,
get,
let
a:
many,
any,
ea:
head,
weather,
bread
ai:
said
ie:
friend
ue:
guest
/i/
发音要领:
注意/i/为短元音;舌端靠近下齿;舌前部抬高看,略高于/i:/的舌位;唇形扁平,但开口比/i:/略大,可容纳一个小指尖。
发音诀窍:从/i/出发,收腹,发音短促,就像军训时报数喊“一”。
单词举例:
元音+辅音:/i/+/z/=/iz/
(is
是)
辅音+元音+辅音:/b/+/i/+/t/=/bit/
(bit
一点儿)
规则总结
i:
pig,
film,
kick
y:
gym,
copy,
pity
e:
expect,
goodness,
careless
a:
cabbage
o:
women
ei:foreign
ui:
building
ey:
money
/ /
1.
发音要领:注意/ /为短元音,舌端离开下齿,舌身尽量降低,后缩,舌后部抬高;双唇稍稍收圆,开口大。
发音诀窍:从/ :/音发起,舌后部抬的比/ :/略低,口型比/ :/稍大,音短促。
2.
单词举例
元音+辅音:/ /+/d/=/ d/
(odd
奇怪的)
辅音+元音+辅音:/l/+
/ /+/t/=/l t/
(lot
许多)
3.规则总结
o:
job,
knock
a:
wash,
what
ou:
cough
ow:
knowledge
au:
because
/∧/
1.发音要领:/∧/为短元音,舌后部的靠钱部分稍抬起,舌端两侧触下齿,唇形扁平,放松
发音诀窍:像发汉语“啊”音,双唇向两旁平伸,但张口不大,声音短促。
2.单词举例
辅音+元音:/m/+/ /=/m /
元音+辅音:/ /+/s/=/ s/
(us我们)
辅音+元音+辅音:/k/+/ /+/p/=/k p/
(cup
杯子)
规则总结
u:
up
o:
love,
money
oo:blood
ou:
young
/u/
1.
发音要领:
/u/为短元音,舌端离开下齿,舌身收缩,舌后部抬高,双唇自然收圆稍向前突出。
发音诀窍:
上下唇稍微撅起,形成的气孔要比发/u:/时大些。
2.单词举例
辅音+元音:/t/+/
u/=/tu/
(to
对,向)
辅音+元音+辅音:/f/+/u/+/t/=/fut/
(foot
脚)
3.
规则总结
oo:
hood,
hook
put:
put,
pull,
full
oul:
would,
should
o:
woman
【例题精讲】
一、读出下列音标。
第一组
/i:/
/i:t/
/pi:k/
/bi:d/
/di:d/
/i/
/it/
/pik/
/
bid/
/did/
/e/
/et/
/pek/
/bed/
/ded/
/ /
/ t/
/p k/
/b d/
/d d/
第二组
/u:/
/fu:d/
/ku:l/
/pu:l/
/tu:l/
/u/
/fut/
/kuk/
/put/
/tuk/
/ :/
/n :t/
/t :n/
/f :k/
/m :n/
/ /
/n t/
/t p/
/f nd/
/m p/
第三组
/a:/
/da:k/
/ka:m/
/ba:n/
/ɡa:d/
/ /
/d k/
/k m/
/b n/
/ɡ n/
/ :/
/b :d/
/t :n/
/n :s/
/ /
/
big /
/
sist /
/
mi:t /
/
ti: /
【巩固练习】
字母组合的发音。
/i:/
ee
---
sleep
bee
/i:/
ea
---
teacher
cheap
/e/
ea
---
head
bread
/a:/
ar
---
car
park
/u:/.
oo
---
too
moon
/u/
oo
---
look
book
根据所给的单元音音标,朗读下面的词组。
/i/
a
thick
stick
一根粗的棍子
a
silver
lid
一个银盖子
/e/
a
red
dress
一件红衣服
the
next
step
下一步
fresh
eggs
鲜蛋
/ /
a
black
hat
一顶黑礼帽
the
happy
dad
快乐的爸爸
catch
a
cat
捉猫
/ /
a
clever
waiter
一位聪明的侍者
the
correct
answer
正确的答案
/u/
a
good
cook
一个好厨师
have
a
look
看一看
on
food
步行
full
moon
满月
/ /
a
hot
pot
一个火锅
a
soft
knock
轻轻的叩门声
a
watch
shop
一家表店
lock
the
box
锁上箱子/盒子
/ /
a
Sunday
club
星期日俱乐部
some
luck
一些运气
much
honey
许多蜂蜜
双元音
8个双元音
/ei/
/ai/
/ u/
/u /
/au/
/ i/
/i
/
/ε /
双元音的发音要领是:前长后短
前重后轻
【知识梳理】
一、/
u/,/au/
/
u/
1.
发音要领:双元音,舌位由低向高滑动,唇形由扁平偏园到略园
发音诀窍:先发/
/,下颚稍向上抬起,自然向/u/滑动,不到/u/,即告发音完成,中间无停顿;双唇由扁平收圆
2.单词举例
辅音+元音:/t/+
/
u/=/t
u/
toe
脚趾)
元音+辅音:/
u/+/n/=/
un/
(own
拥有)
辅音+元音+辅音:/n/+
/
u/+/z/=/n
uz/
(nose
鼻子)
3.规则总结
o:
go,
so
ow:
know,
snow
oa:
loak,
boat
ou:
though
oe:
toe
ew:
sew
(缝,缝纫)
/au/
1.
发音要领:先发/a:/,双唇收起,自然向/u/滑动,不到/u/,即告发音完成,中间无停顿,双唇收圆,舌后部稍稍抬起。
2.
单词举例
辅音+元音:/c/+/
au
/=/cau/
(cow
奶牛)
元音+辅音:/
au
/+/t=/
aut/
(out
外面的)
辅音+元音+辅音:/d/+/au/
+/n/=
/daun/
(down
向下)
3.
规则总结
ow:
allow,
now
ou:
mouth,
ground
二./ei/,/ai/,/ i/
/ei/
1.发音要领:/ei/为双元音,先发/e/,下颚迅速向上合拢,自然向/i/滑动,不到/i/,中间无停顿。
2.单词举例
辅音+元音:/s/+/ei
/=/sei/
(say
说)
元音+辅音:/
ei/+/k/
=/eik/
(ache
疼)
辅音+元音+辅音:/f/+/
ei/+/s/=/feis/
(face
脸)
3.规则总结
a:
make,
same
ay:
pay,
way,
may
ai:
wait
ei:
eight
ea:
great
ey:
they
/ai/
1.发音规则:双元音,先发/a:/,下颚迅速向上合拢,自然向/i/滑动,不到/i/。像说汉语我爱你的“爱”,但嘴要张大到不能再大。
2.单词举例
辅音+元音:/h/+/ai/=/hai/
(high
高)
元音+辅音:/ai/+/s/
=/ais/
(ice
冰)
辅音+元音+辅音:/n/+/ai/+/t/=/nait/
(night
夜晚)
3.规则总结
y:
fly,
cry
i:
nice
igh:
high,
light
ie:
lie
ei:
either
uy:
buy
/ i/
1.
发音要领:双元音,先发/ i/,下颚迅速向上合拢,自然向/i/滑动,不到/i/,中间无停顿。
2.
单词举例
辅音+元音:/t/+/
i
/=/t i
/
(high
高)
元音+辅音:/
i
/+/l/
=/ il/
(ice
冰)
辅音+元音+辅音:/k/+/ i
/+/n/=/k in/
(night
夜晚)
3.
规则总结
oy:
toy,
joy
oi:
spoil
三./i /,/e /,/u /
/i /
1.
发音要领:双元音,唇形由边跑那个到圆形,成自然状态。先发/i/,快速自然向/ /滑动,中间无停顿。
2.单词举例:
辅音+元音:/n/+/i
/=/ni
/
(near
近的)
元音+辅音:/i
/+/s/
=/i
z/
(ears
耳朵(复数)
辅音+元音+辅音:/p/+/i
/+/s/=/pi
s/
(pierce
穿透)
3.
规则总结
e:
period
ea:
really
ear:
hear,
clear
ia:
material
eer:
peer
ere:
here
iou:
serious
/e /
1.发音要领:
双元音,唇形由扁平到自然。先发/e/,快速自然向/ /滑动。
2.单词举例
辅音+元音:/w/+/e
/=/we
/
(wear
穿,戴)
元音+辅音:/e
/+/z/
=/e
z
/
(airs
复数,架子)
辅音+元音+辅音:/ /+/e
/+/z/=/ e z
/
(theirs
他们的)
3.规则总结
a:
area
are:
spare
ear:
pear,
wear
air:
pair
ere:
there
eir:
their
/u /
1.发音要领:双元音,舌位由高相抵滑动,唇形由圆形到扁平自然。先发/u/,快速自然向/ /滑动。
2.单词举例
辅音+元音:/p/+/u
/=/pu
/
(poor
贫穷的)
元音+辅音:/u
/+/d/
=/u
d/
辅音+元音+辅音:/g/+/u
/+/d/=/gu
d
/
(gourd
葫芦)
3.规则总结
oor:
poor
ua:
usual
our:
tour
ure:cure
ur:
curious
【例题精讲】
一.词组练习(注意连读)
down
town
商业中心
thousands
of
数以千计的
make
way
让路
a
quiet
life
平静的生活
make
a
choice
做选择
a
good
idea
一个好主意
here
and
there
到处
during
the
day
在白天
二、辨音练习
1.
/
u/-/
:/
bone-burn
tone-turn
coal-curl
2.
/au/-/ :/
shout-short
house-horse
down-dawn
now-
nor
3./ei/-
/e/
late-
let
sail-sell
wait-
wet
4.
/ i/-/ :/
coil-
call
toil-tall
oil-all
5.
/i
/-/e
/
fear-
fair
sheer-share
6.
/u
/-/e
/
sure-
share
tour-tear
poor-pair
【巩固练习】
/ei/
字母组合:ea
ay
ai
a
great
day
一个伟大的日子
the
same
way
同样的方法
the
late
train
晚班车
take
place
发生
wait
in
the
rain
在雨中等候
/ai/
字母组合:igh
ind
a
bright
smile
快乐的笑容
a
tired
child
一个疲倦的孩子
a
kind
writer
一位和善的作家
quite
right
很对/非常正确
five
libraries
五个图书馆
/ i/
字母组合:oy
oi
the
boy’s
voice
男孩的声音
the
boiling
point
沸点
make
a
choice
选择
full
of
joy
充满了欢乐
boil
the
oil
熬油
/au/
字母组合:ou
ow
a
loud
sound
响声
a
brown
house
一幢棕色的房子
shout
out
喊起来
found
the
cow
找牛
thousands
of
flowers
千万朵花
/ u/
字母组合:oa
ow
a
cold
stove
冷却的炉子
the
slow
boat
慢驶的船
below
zero
在零下
no
hope
没有希望
roses
in
the
snow
雪中玫瑰
/i /
字母组合:ea
ear
a
queer
idea
奇怪的念头
a
real
hero
一位真正的英雄
cheerful
tears
快乐的眼泪
near
the
theatre
在剧院附近
from
ear
to
ear
列着嘴
/ε /字母组合:air
ear
are
ere
repair
the
chair
修椅子
fair
hair
金发
share
a
pear
分梨
take
care
小心
here
and
there
到处/各处
/u /
字母组合:our
ure
oor
a
tour
to
Europe
到欧洲的旅行
make
sure
确认/弄清楚
rich
and
poor
贫富
【课外拓展】
一、单词辨音(选出读音不同的一项)
(
)
1.
A.
table
B.
grape
C.
dance
D.
plate
(
)
2.
A.
clock
B.
cold
C.
coffee
D.
hot
(
)
3.
A.
touch
B.
house
C.
blouse
D.
out
(
)
4.
A.
forty
B.
worker
C.
horse
D.
sports
(
)
5.
A.
hats
B.
shirts
C.
sweets
D.
birds
(
)
6.
A.
house
B.
out
C.
mouse
D.
touch
(
)
7.
A.
work
B.
turn
C.
purse
D.
Saturday
(
)
8.
A.
forty
B.
doctor
C.
horse
D.
morning
(
)
9.
A.
think
B.
this
C.
birthday
D.
three
(
)
10.
A.
kites
B.
skirts
C.
boats
D.
birds
(
)
11.
A.
now
B.
know
C.
how
D.
towel
(
)
12.
A.
stamp
B.
plan
C.
black
D.
date
(
)
13.
A.
these
B.
leg
C.
left
D.
friend
(
)
14.
A.
fine
B.
milk
C.
write
D.
mine
(
)
15.
A.
ago
B.
close
C.
clock
D.
home
二、找出下列单词划线部分的发音与所给音标相同的单词
(
)
1.
A.
answer
B.
along
C.
camera
(
)
2.
/u:/
A.
cook
B.
cool
C.
good
(
)
3.
/au/
A.
know
B.
snow
C.
cow
(
)
4.
/i:/
A.
early
B.
concert
C.
people
(
)
5.
/e/
A.
everything
B.
plan
C.
number
(
)
6.
/z/
A.
slow
B.
envelopes
C.
oranges
三、找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的单词:
(
)
1.
book
A.
room
B.
school
C
.look
D.
afternoon
(
)
2.
food
A.
spoon
B.
cook
C
.good
D
.football
(
)
3.
box
A.
glove
B
hot
C.
nose
D.
come
(
)
4.
mother
A.
orange
B.
shop
C.
some
D
.doll
(
)
5.
cake
A.
glass
B.
after
C.
class
D.
plate
(
)
6.
bathroom
A.
dance
B.
plane
C.
tape
D.
table
(
)
7.
back
A.
grandfather
B.
any
C.
station
D.
make
(
)
8.
live
A.
fine
B.
light
C.
violin
D.
ice-cream
(
)
9.
how
A.
follow
B.
window
C.
now
D.
bowl
(
)
10.
bear
A.
near
B.
pear
C.
dear
D.
year
(
)
11.
bed
A.
he
B.
she
C.
yellow
D.
these
(
)
12.
we
A.
let
B.
vest
C.
red
D.
Chinese
(
)
13.
old
A.
shop
B.
sofa
C.
hot
D.
lovely
(
)
14.
true
A.
blue
B.
cup
C.
lunch
D.
umbrella
(
)
15.
plus
A.
June
B.
July
C.
ruler
D.
hurry
(
)
16.
London
A.
watermelon
B.
son
C.
colour
D.
come
(
)
17.
tomorrow
A.
town
B.
cow
C.
grow
D.
brown
(
)
18.
fine
A.
English
B.
thank
C.
can
D.
mango
(
)
19.
tea
A.
bread
B.
head
C.
sweater
D.
eat
(
)
20.
student
A.
study
B.
subject
C.
supermarket
D.
sunny
学大教育精品课程
课题
第二讲:辅音
教学目标
学习28个辅音
重点难点
1、掌握28个辅音2、能拼读音标,能通过拼读音标学会读单词,提高自学英语单词的能力。
第一节:爆破音、摩擦音(1)
【知识梳理】
朗读下面28个辅音音标。
爆破音:/b/
/p/
/ɡ/
/k/
/d/
/t/
鼻音:/m/
/n/
/ /
边音
/l/
半元音:
/W/
/j/
因为这几个音标中有/ /的音。
摩擦音:/f/
/v/
/s/
/z/
/ /
/ /
/ /
/ /
/h/
/r/
破擦音:/ /
/ /
/ /
/ /
/dr/
/tr/
其中浊辅音发音时声带振动,而轻辅音发音时声带不振动。
清浊辅音对:(发音方法和发音部位相同)
一、
爆破音
/p/
和/b/
1.
发音要领:/p/和/b/发音部位和发音方法相同:双唇紧闭,气流由双唇冲出,声带不振动,发出/p/,
如果气流在口腔滞留,伴随声带振动,发出/b/
发音诀窍:/p/像发汉语中的“颇”,但没有后面的韵母,/b/像发汉语中的“波”,同样没有韵母的音
2.
多音节划分
picture=pic
/`pic/
+
ture
/t /=/`pict /
(picture
图画)
rubbish=rub
/`r /
+bish
/bi /=
/`r bi /
(rubbish垃圾)
3.规则总结
/p/:
police,
apple
/b/:
bite,
rabbit
/t/和/d/
发音要领:
/t/和/d/发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖接触上齿龈,然后舌尖突然离开上齿龈,气流由舌尖和上齿龈之间冲出,发出爆破音。/t/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/d/浊辅音,声带振动。
发音诀窍:/t/像发汉语中的“特”,但没有后面的e音。/d/像发汉语中的“德”,同样没有后面的e音。
2.多音节划分
terrific=
ter/t /
+ri/`ri/+fic/fik/=/t `rifik/
(terrific
很棒的)
divide=
di/di/+
vide/`vaid/=/di`vaid/
(divide划分)
3.规则总结
/t/:
twin,
little,
asked
/d/:
doctor,
wedding,
played
/k/和/g/
1.发音要领:/k/和/g/发音部位和发音方法相同:舌后部隆起紧贴软腭,然后舌后部突然离开软腭,气流由舌后部和软腭之间冲出,发出爆破音。/k/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/g/浊辅音,声带振动,发音不送气。
发音诀窍:/k/像发汉语中的“科”,但是没有后面的e音。/g/像发汉语中的“歌”,同样没有后面的e音。
多音节划分
technique=tech/tek/+nique/`ni:k/=/tek`ni:k/
(technique
技术)
grammar=gram/`
gr /+
mar/m /=/`
gr m /
(grammar
语法)
3.规则总结
/k/:
kind,
cost,
account,
technique,
quick,
liquor
/g/:
gate,
guard,
egg
二、摩擦音(1)
/f/和/v/
1.发音要领:/f/和/v/发音部位和发音方法相同:上齿放于下齿上,气流从下齿下唇间缝隙通过,上齿下唇摩擦成音。/f/清辅音,声带不振动,/v/浊辅音,声带振动。/f/音与汉语“夫”相似,但上齿下唇不能分开,必须摩擦声音,好似“咬下唇”,而且/f/音不含元音/u/./v/音与汉语“屋”相似,但上齿下唇不能分开,必须摩擦声音且声带振动。
2.
多音节划分
enough=e/i/+nough/`n f/=/i`n f/
(enough
足够的)
even=e/`i:/+ven/v n/=/`i:v n/
(even甚至)
3.
规则总结
/f/:
forever,
physics,
puff,
laugh
/v/:
drive
/θ/和/ /
1.发音要领:这两个音发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖放在上下齿之间,轻触上齿的下边缘,气流从上齿和舌尖之间缝隙流出,上齿和舌尖摩擦成音。/θ/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/ /浊辅音,声带振动。
2.多音节划分
thirteen=thir/`θ :/+teen/`ti:n/=/`θ :`ti:n/
(thirteen
十三)
although=al/ :l/+though/` u/=/
:l` u/
(although
虽然)
3.
规则总结
/θ/:
three
/ /:
the
/s/和/z/
发音要领:这两个音发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖靠近下齿龈,气流从下齿龈和舌尖之间缝隙流出,下齿龈和舌尖摩擦成音。/s/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/z/浊辅音,声带振动,发音。
多音节划分
Sunday=sun/`s n/+day/di/=/``s ndi/
(Sunday
周日)
zebra=
ze/`zi:/+bra/br /=/`zi:br /
(zebra
斑马)
规则总结
/s/:
city,
same,
kiss,
face,
science
/z/:
cars,
zoo,
buzz
/ /和/ /
1.发音要领:/ /和/ /发音部位和发音方法相同:舌前端接近上齿龈,舌身向上抬向硬腭,气流从舌和硬腭及上齿龈之间缝隙流出,舌前端和硬腭摩擦成音。/ /清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/ /浊辅音,声带振动。
发音诀窍:发/ /时,舌平,双唇略向前突起,并稍收圆,好似生气撅嘴。/ /发音时,与/ /相同,声带振动。
2.
辨音练习
/
/-/
/
cash-
casual
relation-
regime
commission-conclusion
3.规则总结
/
/:she,
relation,
Asia,
sure,
ancient
/
/:
garage,
division,
pleasure
【例题精讲】
1、根据所给音标朗读下列单词。
/p/
-p
pen
map
people
/b/
-b
bed
black
baby
/t/
-t
ten
Tom
that
/d/
-d
day
read
window
c
cap
come
cup
/k/
k
Kate
week
worker
ck
back
cock
clock
/ɡ/
-g
get
bag
gas
/m/
-m
name
game
make
/n/
-not
ten
net
nurse
2、根据所给音标朗读下列单词。
/f/
-f
for
knife
fifteen
/v/
-v
have
over
seven
/s/
s
sit
bus
student
c
nice
pencil
city
/z/
z
zoo
zero
hands
s
nose
rose
please
/ /
-sh
sheep
ship
English
/ /
-s
usually
/`ju: u li/
通常
【巩固练习】
1、朗读下面的单词,注意爆破音的发音。
/p/
page
页
plane
飞机
post
邮寄
up
向上
lamp
灯
/b/
both
两者都
beat
打
baby
婴儿
lab
实验室
club
俱乐部
/t/
teach
教
ticket
票
taste
尝
write
写
sit
坐
rest
休息
/d/
date
日期
die
死亡
dust
灰尘
friend
朋友
head
头
kind
和善的
/k/
key
钥匙
kill
杀死
king
国王
talk
谈话
cook
烧/煮
/ɡ/
goat
山羊
gas
气
gun
抢
egg
蛋
dig
挖
leg
腿
朗读下面的单词,注意单词中摩擦音的发音。
/f/
face
脸
field
田地
fit
合适
knife
刀
thief
贼
enough
足够的
/v/
voice
说话声
visit
访问
view
见解/景物
starve
挨饿
move
移动
live
住
/s/
say
说
seat
座位
sorry
对不起
perhaps
也许
pass
传递
horse
马
/z/
zoo
动物园
zero
零
zine
锌
was
是(过去式)
whose
谁的
rise
升起
/ /
shake
摇动
shine
照耀
shop
商店
push
推
dish
盘子/碟子
brush
刷子
/ /
usual
通常的
treasure
财宝
measure
量
pleasure
愉快
rouge
胭脂
第二节:摩擦音(2)、破擦音、鼻音、边音、半元音
【知识梳理】
一、摩擦音(2)
/
h/
发音要领:/
h/发音时气流流溢出口腔,气流摩擦两条声带间的缝隙(声门)成音。/
h/清辅音,声带不振动。
多音节划分
behave=be/bi/+have/`heiv/=/bi`heiv/
(behave行为)
辨音练习
/h/-/r/
hear-rear
handle-rental
hot-rot
hate-rate
head-read
规则总结
/h/:
high,
hot,
whose,
whom
/r/
1.发音要领:发音时舌尖卷起,靠向上齿龈后部,向后面的硬腭弯曲,双唇撅起,气流经过时,舌面和上齿龈后部摩擦成音。浊辅音,声带振动。
2.多音节划分
repeat=re/ri/+peat/`pi:t/=/ri`pi:t/
3.
辨音练习
/r/-/l/
Right-
light
riddle-little
correct-collect
river-liver
4.规则总结
/r/:
room,
marry,
wrack
二、破擦音
A.
/t /和/d /
1.发音要领:/t /和/d /发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖顶在上齿龈后部,先不发音,然后舌尖立即离开上齿龈,双唇略向前突起,并稍收圆,气流从舌和硬腭及上齿龈之间缝隙流出,发出破擦音。/t /清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/d /浊辅音,声带振动。
2.辨音练习
/t /-/d /
chin-gin
cheer-jeer
choke-joke
watch-wage
3.
规则总结
/t /:change,
watch,
future
/d /:
major,
judge,
giant,
garage,
procedure
B.
/tr/和/dr/
1.
发音要领:发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖顶上齿龈,先不发音,然后舌尖立即离开上齿龈,向上齿龈后部与硬腭连接处翘起,同时双唇撅起,气流从舌面和上齿龈后部之间缝隙流出,发出破擦音。/tr/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气。/dr/
浊辅音,声带振动
2.辨音练习
/tr/-/dr/
try-dry
trop-drop
trunk-drunk
trip-drip
train-drain
3.
规则总结
/tr/:
stress,
trust,
destroy
/dr/:
draw,
hundred,
drug
C.
/ts/和/dz/
1.
发音要领:发音部位和发音方法相同:舌尖顶上齿龈,先不发音,然后舌尖立即离开上齿龈,移向下齿龈,气流从舌和上下齿龈之间缝隙流出,发出破擦音。/ts/清辅音,声带不振动,发音送气,/dz/浊辅音,声带振动。
2.
辨音练习
/ts/-/dz/
beats-beads
lots-lords
nuts-nods
streets-stands
3.
规则总结
/ts/:
hurts,
cats,
hates
/dz/:
holds,
ponds,
grades
三、鼻音
/m/
发音要领:/m/发音部位同发/p/和/b/相似,双唇毕拢,软腭下垂,但发音方法是气流从鼻腔流出,而不是口腔。浊辅音,声带振动。嘴呈自然不说话状态,双唇闭合,气流通过鼻腔,同时声带振动,发出/m/.
多音节划分
machine=ma/m /+chine/` i:n/=
/
m ` i:n/
(machine
机器)
规则总结
m:
money,
summer
/n/
发音要领:发音部位同发/t/和/d/,舌尖紧贴上齿龈,软腭下垂,但发音方法是气流从鼻腔流出,而不是口腔。浊辅音,声带振动。嘴呈开口状态,舌尖抵上齿龈,气流涌出鼻腔,同时声带振动,就发出/n/了。
多音节划分
Funny=fun/`f /
+ny/ni/=/`f ni/
(funny
有趣的)
辨音练习
/m/-/n/
seem-sin
mice-nice
Tom-
ton
came-cane
mine-nine
规则总结
n:
note,
not,
penny
/ /
发音要领:/ /发音部位同发/k/和/g/,舌后部抬起贴住软腭,但发音方法是软腭下垂后,鼻腔通道打开,气流从鼻腔流出,而不是口腔。/ /是浊辅音,声
带振动
多音节划分
English=Eng/`i g/+lish/li /=/`i gli /
(English
英语)
3.辨音练习
/n/-/ /
thin-thing
sin-sing
ran-rang
win-wing
kin-king
4.规则总结
/ /:
long,
singer,
think,
tank
(ng,
nk)
四、边音
/l/
1.发音要领:/l/为舌端齿音边辅音;舌端及舌尖紧贴上齿龈;双唇稍微张大些,气流侧出,振动声带。当/l/在元音前时,舌尖紧贴上齿龈,双唇稍微张大些,气流侧出,声带振动发出声音。当/l/在元音之后时,嘴角向两侧拉伸,舌尖只须地主上龈即可。
2.多音节划分
foolish=fool/`fu:l/+ish/i /=/`fu:li /
(foolish
傻的)
3.规则总结
/l/:
police,
tell,
call,
live
五、半元音
/w/
发音要领:/w/为舌后软腭半元音;舌后部向软腭抬起,双唇收得很圆很小,并向前突出,声带振动。类似汉语“屋”音,但发/w/音是,双唇要向前突出。
多音节划分
window=
win/`win/+dow/d u/=/`wind u/
(window
窗户)
辨音练习
/w/-/v/
west-vest
wheel-veal
wine-vine
规则总结
/w/:
wear,
what,
why
/kw/:
quick,
queen,
quite,
quality
/j/
发音要领:/j/为舌前硬腭半元音,舌前部像硬腭尽量抬起,双唇向两旁伸展成扁平形,声带振动,一经发出,立刻向后面的元音滑动。类似汉语的“爷”的短促音。
多音节划分
yellow=yel/’je/+low/l u/=/’jel u/
(yellow
黄色)
辨音练习
/j/-/i/
year-
ear
yet-
eat
yes-is
/j/-/d /
yet-jet
use-juice
yam-jam
规则总结
/j/:
year,
yes,
use,
unique
【例题精讲】
一、朗读下面的单词,注意单词中摩擦音的发音。
/ /
change
改变
chest
胸膛
/ /
jeep
吉普车
July
七月
/ /
seats
座位(复数)
parents
父母/双亲
/ /
beds
床
goods
货物
/tr/
trade
贸易
trip
旅行
/dr/
drop
滴
dry
干燥的
二、朗读下面的单词,注意单词中鼻音、边辅音和半元音的发音。
/m/
many
许多
miss
小姐
/n/
need
需要
never
从不
/ /
morning
早晨
song
歌曲
/l/
left
左边
leaf
叶子
/w/
wind
风
water
水
/j/
year
年
yellow
黄色的
【巩固练习】
/ /
chalk
粉笔
each
每
match
比赛
fetch
去取/拿来
/ /
jar
罐子
judge
法官
large
大的
college
学院
/ /
plants
植物(复数)
notes
注释(复数)
hearts
心脏(复数)
guests
客人(复数)
/ /
guards
士兵(复数)
hands
手(复数)
clouds
云(复数)
cards
卡片(复数)
/tr/
trouble
麻烦
truth
真理
truck
卡车
travel
旅行
/dr/
drag
拖/拉
drill
训练
drug
药
drink
饮料/饮
/m/
mouse
老鼠
form
形式
come
来
arm
手臂
/n/
nice
好的
queen
王后
warn
警告
line
线路
/ /
thing
事/物
ink
墨水
thank
感谢
English
英语
/l/
lunch
午餐
ill
病的
fall
落下
until
直到
/w/
week
星期
want
想要/要
waste
浪费
wife
妻子
/j/
yet
仍然
your
你的
use
使用
union
联合
第三节
字母发音
【知识梳理】
1、英语字母表及字母的音标。
Aa/ei/
Bb/bi:/
Cc/si:/
Dd/di:/
Ee/i:/
Ff/ef/
Gg/ i:/
Hh/ei /
Ii/ai/
Jj/ ei/
Kk/kei/
Ll/el/
Mm/em/
Nn/en/
Oo/ u/
Pp/pi:/
Qq/kju:/
Rr/a:/
Ss/es/
Tt/ti:/
Uu/ju:/
Vv/vi:/
Ww/`d blju:/
Xx/eks/
Yy/wai/
Zz/zi:/
(或/zed/)
通过小学生已经学过的26个英语字母引出音标,用字母带音标是学习音标极好的方法,即以旧带新,使学生学起音标来得心应手,顺理成章。在音标学习中既不觉得生疏也不觉得困难。
2、字母的音标。
/ei/
/bi:/
/si:/
/di:/
/i:/
/ef/
/ i:/
/ei /
/ai/
/ ei/
/kei/
/el/
/em/
/en/
/ u/
/pi:/
/kju:/
/a:/
/es/
/ti:/
/ju:/
/vi:/
/`d blju:/
/eks/
/wai/
/zi:/(或/zed/)
因为我们的目的不是学字母而是学音标,既然已经引出音标,就要抓住不放,强化训练,从开始就练习音标的拼读,一练到底。加强学生对音标的记忆,这对音标的分类学习有极大的好处。
【例题精练】
根据所给音标写出字母,要求写出大小写字母。
/si:/
/el/
/eks/
/pi:/
/wai/
/bi:/
/ei /
/em/____
/ u/
/kju:/
/es/
/di:/
/ef/
/en/
/ai/
/ju:/____
选题意图:打乱字母音标的排列顺序,考查学生是否真正掌握了字母的音标。
答案:
/si:/
Cc
/el/
Ll
/eks/
Xx
/pi:/
Pp
/wai/
Yy
/bi:/
Bb
/ei /
Hh
/em/Mm
/ u/
Oo
/kju:/
Qq
/es/
Ss
/di:/
Dd
/ef/
Ff
/en/
Nn
/ai/
Ii
/ju:/Uu
【巩固练习】
1、根据所给音标写出字母,要求写出大小写字母。
/kju:/____/bi:/____/si:/____/em/____/i:/____/ef/____/ i:/____/ ei/____
/ u/____/ai/____/pi:/____/el/____/en/____/vi:/
____/eks/____/es/____
2、根据所给音标写出字母,要求写出大小写字母。
/ju:/____/wai/____/ei /____/a:/____
/kei/____/di:/____/zi:/____/`d blju:/____
3、总结含有相同因素的字母。
/ei/
_____________________________________
/i:/
_____________________________________
/e/
______________________________________
/ai/
_____________________________________
/ju:/
_____________________________________
4、26个字母按元音字母和辅音字母的分类。
1)元音字母:
Aa
/ei/
Ee
/i:/
Ii
/ai/
Oo
/ u/
Uu
/ju:/
2)其余的是辅音字母:
Bb
/bi:/
Cc
/si:/
Dd
/di:/
Ff
/ef/
Gg
// i:/
Hh
/ei /
Jj
/ ei/
Kk
/kei/
Ll
/el/
Mm
/em/
Nn
/en/
Pp
/pi:/
Qq
/kju:/
Rr
/a:/
Ss
/es/
Tt
/ti:/
Vv
/vi:/
Ww
/
d blju:/
Xx
/eks/
Yy
/wai/
Zz
/zi:/
3)猜谜语(Riddles)
Which
English
letter
is
a
drink?
Tt
---
tea
/ti:/
茶
Which
English
letter
is
an
insect?
Bb
---
bee
/bi:/
蜜蜂
Which
English
letter
is
a
person?
Ii
---
I
/ai/
我,
Uu
---
you
/ju:/
你/你们
【课外拓展】
从字母和字母组合到音标
Ⅰ.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音
a在重读开音节中读[e ]:name
cake
game
face
a在重读闭音节中读[ ]:bag
am
and
at
sad
a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读[ɑ:]:class
fast
grasp
ask
father
after
dance
graph
a在[w]后读[ ]或[ :]:want
what
water[w :t ]
a在ny前读[e]:any
many
a弱读时读[ ]:along
about
banana
Canana
China
a在非重读音节中读[ ]:orange
cabbage
a读[e ]:Mary
ai读[e ]:rain
train
wait
ai读[ ]:captain
ai读[e]:said
ay读[e ]:day
may
okay
play
today
ay弱读读[ ]:Sunday
holiday
ay读[e]:says
air读[e ]:air
hair
chair
al在多数辅音字母前读[ :](f,m除外):all
ball
call
fall
hall
mall
small
talk
tall
wall
al还读[ :l](特别当后面不是k,f,m时):also
salt
al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]:half
palm
ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]::car
far
park
arm
star
ar在[w]后读[ :]:warm
quarter
ar弱读读[ ]:sugar
are读[e ]:care
hare
parent
ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]:class
glass
grass
pass
au在重读音节中读[ :]:August
autumn
daughter
au读[ ]:Australia
au还读作[ɑ:]:aunt
laugh
aw在重读音节中读[ :]:draw
saw
law
awe读[ :]:awe
awed
aweless
Ⅱ.
元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音
e在重读开音节中读[i:]:he
she
me
we
e在重读闭音节中读[e]:pen
bed
yes
egg
desk
e在非重读音节中读[ ]:begin
English
pretty
cinema
e弱读读[ ]:student
open
children
different
e读[ ]:zero
cereal
serious
e读[j]:Europe
ea在重读音节中读[i:]:tea
eat
meat
ea读[e]:bread
head
breakfast
ea读[e ]:great
break
ea读[ ]:real
really
idea
cereal
ear读[ :]:learn
earth
early
heard
ear读[e ]:pear
wear
bear
ear读[ ]:ear
dear
hear
near
clear
ear读[ɑ:]:heart
ed在大部分清辅音后读[t]([t]除外):watched
washed
cooked
helped
danced
ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外):played
cleaned
climbed
answered
arrived
aired
boiled
emptied
enjoyed
cried
ed在[t][d]后读[ d]:wanted
needed
ee在重读音节中读[i:]:see
tree
see
eer读[ ]:beer
deer
pioneer
ei读[i:]:receive
ei读[e ]:veil
vein
ei在gh前读[e ]:eight
eighteen
eighty
eir读[e ]:their
theirs
eo读[i:]:people
er在重读闭音节中读[ :]:her
term
er在非重读音节中读[ ]:father
mother
brother
sister
ere读[ ]:here
ere读[e ]:there
where
es在浊辅音([ ][ ][d ]除外)及元音后,es发[z]:leaves
thieves
knives
wives
potatoes
tomatoes
heroes
Negroes
goes
does
families
stories
es在[s][z][ ][ ][t ][d ]后读[ z]:buses
blouses
dishes
garages
watches
oranges
ew读[ju:]:new
newspaper
review
ew在l,r,j后读[u:]:flew
grew
Jew
ex读[eks]:exercise
exit
ex读[ ks]:excle
expensive
extinct
ex读[ gz]:exam
examination
exactly
ey读[i:]:key
ey读[ ]:monkey
valley
ey读[e ]:they
Ⅲ.
元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音
i在重读开音节中读[a ]:time
like
rice
i在重读闭音节中读[ ]:big
six
sit
i读[i:]:police
policeman
policewoman
machine
i弱读读[ ]:holiday
April
i在非重读音节中读[ ]:taxi
i读[j]:onion
review
million
billion
brilliant
behaviour
i在元音字母a,e,o前读[a ]:dialogue
quiet
pioneer
i在g前读[a ]:sign
high
light
right
i在nd前读[a ]:find
behind
i在ld前读[a ]:child
i在re前读[a ]:fire
tired
retire
ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]:piece
field
believe
thief
ie在重读音节词词尾读[a ]:lie
die
ir在重读音节中读[ :]:bird
girl
first
Ⅳ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音
o在重读开音节中读[ ]:go
no
nose
home
o在辅音字母st,ld前读[ ]:post
old
o在重读闭音节中读[ ]:hot
on
not
sorry
o读[ :]:story
o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[ ]:come
none
love
other
o读[u:]:do
to
who
o在w后读[ ]:woman
wolf
o在非重读音节中读[ ]:today
policeman
oa在重读音节中读[ ]:boat
coat
oar读[ :]:board
blackboard
cardboard
oar读[ ]:cupboard
oe读[ ]:woe
oe读[u:]:shoe
oi读[ ]:oil
toilet
boil
soil
oo一般读[u:]:too
zoo
food
pool
boot
school
oo在d,k和少数t前读[ ]:book
look
good
foot
oo读[ ]:blood
flood
oor读[ :]:door
floor
oor读[ ]:poor
or在重读音节中读[ :]:or
for
short
sport
or在[w]后读[ :]:work
word
world
or读[ ]:doctor
forget
mirror
ore读[ :]:more
before
ou在多数情况下读[a ]:out
about
house
blouse
ou在ght前读[ :]:bought
brought
thought
ou读[ ]:touch
country
enough
young
ou读[u:]:soup
group
through
ou读[ ]:shoulder
though
ou读[ ]:cough
ou读[ ]:delicious
previous
oul读[ ]:could
would
should
our读[ :]:four
your
our读[ :]:journalist
journal
our读[ ]:colour
our读[ ]:tour
our读[a ]:our
hour
ow读[a ]:how
now
cow
ow读[ ]:show
know
yellow
window
owe或ower读[a ]:towel
flower
oy读[ ]:boy
toy
employee
Ⅴ.
元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音
u在重读开音节中读[ju:]:student
Tuesday
u在重读闭音节中读[ ]:bus
sun
but
cut
up
us
u处于开音节位置,又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]:June
fluency
February
Sue
u在重读闭音节中还读[ ]:put
sugar
full
push
u在非重读音节中读[ ]:minus
autumn
u读[ ]:busy
minute
u读[e]:bury
ui读[ju:]或[j ,ju: ]:suit
suicide
l,r,j+ui时,ui读作[u:]或[ ,u: ]:sluise
fruit
juice
fluid
ruin
ui读[ ]:build
building
ur在重读音节中读[ :]:nurse
turn
hurt
Thursday
ur读[ ]:surprise
Saturday
ure读[ ]:sure
ure在非重读音节中读[ ]:picture
pleasure
ure在重读音节中读[j ]:cure
学大教育精品课程
课题
第三讲:代词
教学目标
系统学习人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,并掌握其用法。
重点难点
能熟练运用人称代词、物主代词和反身代词描述和询问身边物品的所属关系。
人称代词
【知识梳理】
1、人称代词包括:主格:I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格:me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
2、人称代词主格在句子中充当主语,宾格充当动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:
The
children
are
playing
games
in
the
park.
They
are
having
a
good
time.
(主语)
Miss
Black
is
our
English
teacher.
We
all
like
her.
(动词宾语)
Here
are
some
flowers
for
her.(介词宾语)
3、人称代词的语序
几个人称代词并列作主语时,它们的顺序是:
单数形式(2,3,1)
you,
he
and
I
复数形式(1,2,3)
we,
you
and
they
【例题精讲】
根据句意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1
北京市2010年中考模拟试题
My
parents
gave
______
a
nice
toy
dog
for
my
birthday.
A.
I
B.
me
C.
my
D.
mine
答案与解析:答案B,give
sb
sth
“给某人某物”,me作动词give的宾语。
2
I
am
an
English
teacher.
______
are
students.
A.
You
B.
Your
C.
Yours
D.
Me
答案与解析:答案A,空白处应该是主语,要用人称代词主格,I和you都是主格,作主语。
3
The
boys
often
ask
______
some
questions.
A.
I
B.
you
C.
me
D.
mine
答案与解析::答案C,动作对象就是宾语(即动作的承受者),me作动词ask的宾语。
4
他父母经常给他买一些书。
His
parents
often
buy
some
books
for
______.
答案与解析:答案him,
him做介词for的宾语。
【巩固练习】
一、单项填空。
根据句意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
(一)
(
)
1.
How
is
your
father
Please
say
hello
to
______
for
me.
A.
she
B.
him
C.
it
D.
her
(
)
2.
I’m
going
shopping
right
now.
Would
you
like
to
go
with
A.
me
B.
I
C.
my
D.
mine
(
)
3.
Who
teaches
______
English
and
math
Mr.
Li
does.
A.
we
B.
our
C.
us
D.
ours
(
)
4.I
can’t
stand
potatoes.
They
make
______
sick
.
A.
me
B.
her
C.
him
D.
us
(
)
5.
—What
do
you
think
of
the
game
shows
—______
are
interesting
and
exciting.
A.
It
B.
We
C.
They
D.
Them
二、阅读短文,根据短文内容,在空白处填入一个合适的人称代词。
A
driver
was
going
by
car
through
the
country.
He
saw
a
dog
behind
a
man.
As
his
car
came
near
1
,
the
dog
suddenly
started
to
cross
the
road.
The
poor
dog
was
hit
by
the
car
and
killed.
The
driver
stopped
his
car
and
walked
towards
the
man.
“I’m
very
sorry
this
happened,”
2
said.
“Will
seven
pounds
be
enough ”
“Oh,
yes.”
said
the
man.
“Seven
pounds
will
be
quite
enough.”
The
man
put
the
money
in
his
pocket.
When
the
driver
left,
the
man
looked
down
at
the
dead
dog
and
said,
“Whose
dog
is
3
”
三、连词成句。
they,
are,
books,
your
______________________________
I,
Jim,
friends,
are,
good,
and.
_____________________________
them,
love,
much,
very,
I.
_____________________________
this,
brother,
is,
Tony,
my.
______________________________
5.Are,
keys,
her,
where
______________________________
物主代词
【知识梳理】
.1、物主代词分为:
形容词性物主代词:my、your、his、her、its、our和their;
名词性物主代词:mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours和theirs。
2、形容词性物主代词在句子中充当定语,名词性物主代词在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语,如:
Where
is
my
watch
(定语)
This
sweater
is
hers.
(表语)
Mine
is
made
of
wool.
(主语)
用法注意
形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用。
名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面提及的名词重复。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语,相当于“of+名词所有格”,表示带有部分概念或有一定的感彩。
如:He
is
a
friend
of
mine.
他是我的一个朋友。
【例题精讲】
根据句意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
(
)
1.
---Is
this
your
MP4
---No.
______
is
in
the
schoolbag.
A.
I
B.
Me
C.
My
D.
Mine
答案及解析:D
此题用名词性物主代词作主语,Mine=My
MP4。
(
)
2.
---Whose
pen
is
this
---It
is
______.
My
friend
gave
it
to
me
as
a
gift.
A.
mine
B.
my
C.
her
D.
his
答案及解析.
A
根据后面句子的意思,mine=my
pen。
(
)
3.
Miss
Gao
is
going
to
stay
at
home
with
children
for
the
summer
holidays.
A.
she
B.
her
C.
hers
D.
herself
答案及解析
B
此题应该用物主代词作定语修饰children。
(
)4.
They
met
granny
Ling
on
______
way
back
home.
A.
they
B.
their
C.
theirs
D.
them
答案及解析:.
B
此题应该用物主代词修饰名词way,作定语,
on
one’s
way
home意为“在某人回家的路上”。
【巩固练习】
一、单项选择
(
)1..
—Hi,
Mary.
Can
I
borrow
______
dictionary
—Sorry,
I’m
using
it
now.
A.your
B.my
C.his
D.her
(
)2.
—
Is
this
your
key,
Kathy
—
No.
______
is
on
the
desk.
A.
Her
B.
Mine
C.
His
D.
Yours
(
)
3.
S
.H
.E
is
______
favorite
group.
I
like
them
very
much.
A.
my
B.
your
C.
her
D.
his
(
)
4.
A
friend
of
______
will
come
to
Beijing
.
A.
me
B.
my
C.
mine
D.
I
(
)
5.Tome
is
not
good
at
English.
Could
you
help
______
with
______
English,
please
A.
he,
his
B.
him,
his
C.
him,
he
D.
his,
him
(
)
6.
This
is
______
book
and
______
is
over
there
.
A.
my,
yours
B.
my,
your
C.
me,
yours
D.
mine,
you
(
)7.
---What’s
the
girl’s
name
---______
name
is
Gina.
A.
My
B.
His
C.
Her
D.
She
(
)8.
—Is
this
blue
bag
yours
—No.
______
is
black.
A.
I
B.
Me
C.
My
D.
Mine
(
)9.
---Is
this
picture
yours
---No,
it’s
not
______.
It’s
Jacky’s.
A.
I
B.
me
C.
my
D.
mine
(
)10.
---Welcome
to
______
school!
---Thank
you.
Your
school
is
very
modern(现代建筑的;现代化结构的).
our
B.
their
C.
his
D.
your
反身代词
【知识梳理】
反身代词
反身代词包括:myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves和themselves。
在句子中一般充当宾语或同位语,如:
The
students
enjoyed
themselves
very
much
during
the
holidays.
(宾语)
Don’t
worry.
I
can
fix
the
car
myself.
(同位语)
一般情况下反身代词应该和句子的主语一致,有加强语气的作用。
总结人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,填写表格。
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词通常在单选题中考查代词的用法,
解这类问题须先充分
理解题意,弄清楚题干中主、谓、宾各部分之间的关系之后,才能得出正确答案。
考查点通常为:
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
考查点
1.主谓一致2.作动词或介词的宾语
根椐题意判断物品的所属关系
1.一些固定搭配2.与主语的人称、性别和数一致
【例题精讲】
完成句子。
1.
你的毛衣和我的不一样。
______
sweater
is
different
from
______.
答案与解析:答案
Your,
mine
1)your是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词sweater作定语。
2)mine是名词性物主代词,其作用相当于名词,不可以修饰别的词,只能单独使用。在本句中mine=my
sweater,在句子中作介词from的宾语。
2
看!老师的讲台桌上有一个双肩包,是你的吗?
Look!
There
is
a
backpack
on
the
teacher’s
desk.
Is
that
______
答案与解析:
答案
yours
yours是名词性物主代词,其用法相当于名词。
yours=your
backpack,在句子中作表语。
3
The
students
enjoyed
______
very
much
during
the
holidays.
A.
themselves
B.
ourselves
C.
yourselves
D.
myself
答案与解析:答案A,enjoy经常与反身代词连用。
enjoy
oneself意思为“玩得很高兴,过得很愉快”反身代词作宾语。
4
别担心,我自己能修好这辆小汽车。
Don’t
worry.
I
can
fix
the
car
______.
答案与解析:答案myself强调“我自己”,而不是和别人一起干,此题中的myself作主语的同位语。
【巩固练习】
单项填空。
根据句意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
(
)1.
Can
you
give
______
some
advice(建议、忠告)
on
English
learning,
Peter
A.
I
B.
my
C.
me
D.
mine
(
)
2.
—
Is
this
my
key,
Kathy
—
No.
______
is
on
the
desk.
A.
My
B.
Mine
C.
Your
D.
Yours
(
)
3.
My
father
is
a
doctor
and
______
works
in
the
hospital
near
our
home.
A.
he
B.
his
C.
him
D.
himself
(
)4.
Jay
Zhou
is
______
favorite
singer.
How
about
yours
A.
I
B.
me
C.
my
D.
mine
(
)5.
Pass
______
a
glass
of
water,
please.
She’s
thirsty.
A.
she
B.
her
C.
hers
D.
me
(
)
6
—Please
pass
______
a
pen,
I
want
to
write
a
letter.
—
Here
you
are.
A.
he
B.
him
C.
me
D.
I
(
)7.
—Is
this
picture
yours
—No,
it’s
not______.
It’s
Allen’s.
A.
I
B.
me
C.
my
D.
mine
(
)
8.
Pass
______
a
glass
of
water,
please.
I’m
thirsty.
A.I
B.
me
C.
my
D.
mine
(
)
9.
Mike
lost(丢失)
his
key.
______
couldn’t
enter
his
room.
A.
He
B.
She
C.
His
D.
Her
(
)10.
—
My
computer!
It’s
all
black!
—
Let
me
have
a
look.
And
you
may
use
______.
A.
my
B.
me
C.
I
D.
mine
二、写出下列代词的宾格形式。
I
____
you____
he
____
she
____
it
___
we____
you____
they______
三、写出下列代词的名词性物主代词形式。
my____
your
_____
his
____
her____
its____
our____
your_____
their_____
四、用方框中所给的词完成对话。
(A)
A:
What
is
the
girl’s
name
B:
1
name
is
Gina.
A:
And
what’s
the
boy’s
name
B:
2
name
is
Ben.
(B)
John:
This
is
3
father.
And
Dad,
this
is
my
friend.
Dad:
Nice
to
meet
4
Peter:
Nice
to
meet
you,
too.
Dad:
What’s
5
name
Peter:
My
name
is
peter.
【课外拓展】
一、选择填空
1.
Who’s
singing
over
there
—
________
is
Sandy’s
sister.
A.
That
B.
It
C.
She
D.
This
2.
________
will
spend
the
summer
holiday
in
Hawaii.
A.
She,
you
and
I
B.
You,
she
and
I
C.
I,
you
and
she
D.
Her,
me
and
you
3.
Between
you
and
________,
he
is
not
a
real
friend.
A.
me
B.
I
C.
he
D.
his
4.
My
uncle
bought
a
new
bike
for
________.
A.
theirs
B.
they
C.
me
D.
I
5.
Mr
Smith
often
praises
________
for
his
progress
in
studies.
A.
he
B.
him
C.
I
D.
me
6.
Here’s
a
postcard
for
you,
Jim!
—
Oh,
________
is
from
my
friend,
Mary.
A.
he
B.
it
C.
she
D.
it’s
7.
Don’t
shake
the
young
tree.
________
leaves
are
falling
off.
You
should
look
after
________.
A.
It,
it’s
B.
It’s,
it
C.
Its,
it
D.
It,
it
8.
Little
Baby
knows
that
he
should
not
take
the
things
that
do
not
belong
to
________.
A.
he
B.
his
C.
her
D.
him
9.
Will
anyone
go
on
a
trip
with
him
—
Not
________.
A.
I
B.
me
C.
mine
D.
he
10.
Among
those
lovely
toys,
the
brown
toy
dog
was
given
by
________.
A.
he
B.
his
C.
him
D.
he’s
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. That
is
not
_________
kite.
That
kite
is
very
small,
but
_________
is
very
big. (
I
)
2.
The
dress
is
_________.
Give
it
to
_________.
(
she
)
3.
Is
this
_________
watch
(you)
No,
it’s
not
_________
.
(
I
)
4.
_________
is
my
brother.
_________
name
is
Jack.
Look!
Those
stamps
are
_________.
(
he
)
5.
_________
dresses
are
red.
(we)
What
colour
are
_________
(
you
)
6.
Here
are
many
dolls,
which
one
is
_________
(
she
)
7.
I
can
find
my
toy,
but
where’s
_________
(
you
)
8.
Show
_________
your
kite,
OK
(they)
9.
I
have
a
beautiful
cat.
_________name
is
Mimi.
These
cakes
are
_________.
(
it
)
10.
Are
these
_________
tickets
No,
_________
are
not
_________.
_________
aren’t
here.
(
they
)
11.
Shall
_________
have
a
look
at
that
classroom
That
is
_________
classroom.
(
we
)
12.
_________
is
my
aunt.
Do
you
know
_________
job
_________
a
nurse.
(
she
)
13.
That
is
not
_________
camera.
_________is
at
home.
(
he
)
14.
Where
are
_________
I
can’t
find
_________.
Let’s
call
_________
parents.
(
they
)
15.
Don’t
touch
_________.
_________
not
a
cat,
_________
a
tiger!
16.
_________
sister
is
ill.
Please
go
and
get
_________.
(
she
)
17.
_________
don’t
know
her
name.
Would
you
please
tell
_________.
(
we
)
18.
So
many
dogs.
Let’s
count
_________.
(
they
)
19.
I
have
a
lovely
brother.
_________
is
only
3.
I
like
_________
very
much.
(
he
)
20.
May
I
sit
beside
_________
(
you
)
21.
Look
at
that
desk.
Those
book
are
on
_________.
(
it
)
22.The
girl
behind
_________
is
our
friend.
(she
)
学大教育精品课程
课题
第四讲:名词
教学目标
1、对常见的名词能区分是可数名词还是不可数名词2、掌握名词单数变复数3、掌握不可数名词的量化4、掌握名词所有格
重点难点
1、名词单数变复数规则2、名词所有格
第一节
【知识梳理】
一、可数名词和不可数名词
初识“名词的数”
英语中名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。表示可以被基数词或与他们相当的词所修饰的人或物的名词叫可数名词;表示不可以被基数词或与他们相当的词所修饰的人或物的名词叫不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分。如果表示单个的概念,用名词的单数形式,单数名词前一般要用a或an。如要表示两个或两个以上的概念,用名词的复数形式。下面是名词的单数形式变复数形式的几种情况:
1.
绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上“-s”。
读音变化:结尾是清辅音时,-s读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音时,
读[z]。
例:map
→
maps; pen
→
pens; ruler
→
rulers
2.
凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上“-es”构成复数。
读音变化:-es统一加读[iz]。
例:bus
→
buses;
fox
→
foxes; match
→
matches; flash
→
flashes
3.
以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加
“-es”。
读音变化:加读[z]。
例: lady
→
ladies; story
→
stories
4.
以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。
读音变化:加读[z]。
例:tomato
→
tomatoes;
potato
→
potatoes
例外:
piano
→
pianos;
photo
→
photos
5.
以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为“-ves”,但有例外。
读音变化:尾音
[f]
改读
[vz]。
例:knife
→
knives; life
→
lives; leaf
→
leaves
例外:roof→
roofs
注意:
1.
不可数名词所表示的事物无法以数计算,一般没有复数形式。如:water(水)
2.
可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:
These
girls
are
my
friends.
这些女孩是我的朋友。
3.不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
There
is
some
broccoli
on
the
table.
桌上有些花椰菜。
4.对可数名词前的修饰语提问一般用how
many。如:
How
many
apples
do
you
have
你有多少个苹果?
5.对不可数名词前的修饰语提问一般用how
much。如:
How
much
tea
is
there
in
the
cup
杯子里有多少茶水?
6.有些可数名词复数变化无规律,如:
man—men,
woman--women,
child—children,
foot—feet,
tooth—teeth,
policeman—policemen等。
7.有些名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但它们表达的意义不同。
如:
二、名词所有格:
1)一般在名词末尾加’s,用来表示人物或动物的所有格。
2)当名词的结尾为字母s时,则只点撇即可。
3)
表示同属于两个人的物品,应该在第二个名词末尾点撇(’)即可。
4)复合名词或名词词组的所有格,只在最后一个词的末尾加’s。
另外:介词of,用来表示植物或无生命物体的所有格;如:the
leaves
of
the
tree、the
legs
of
the
table。
注意:
通常在单词拼写题目中,
考查学生在理解题目的前提下,拼写一些常用名词。在单选题目中,考查学生对名词含义的理解及一些名词的变异。有时候也在完形填空题目中,考查在篇章理解的前提下,选用正确的名词,常见的考查点如下:
1.
不可数名词所表示的事物无法以数计算,一般没有复数形式。如:water(水)
2.
可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语时,要注意主谓一致。如:
These
girls
are
my
friends.
这些女孩是我的朋友。
There
is
some
broccoli
on
the
table.
桌上有些花椰菜。
3.
how
many用于对可数名词提问。如:
How
many
apples
do
you
have
你有多少个苹果?
4.
how
much用于对不可数名词提问。如:
How
much
tea
is
there
in
the
cup
杯子里有多少茶水?
5.有些可数名词复数变化无规律,如:
man—men,
woman--women,
child—children,
foot—feet,
tooth—teeth,
policeman—policemen等。
第二节
【例题精讲】
一、单项填空。
根据句意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
(
)
1.
—Would
you
like
something
to
drink,
_____or
coffee
—Coffee,
please.
A.fruit
B.tea
C.meat
D.bread
答案与解析:B
关键词是drink“喝”,
tea是一种饮料,是不可数名词。
(
)
2.---
Would
you
like
some
______
---
Yes,
please.
I’m
a
little
thirsty.
A.bread
B.meat
C.beef
D.water
答案与解析:D
关键词是thirsty“渴的”。water“水”是不可数名词。
(
)
3.
—What’s
your
favorite
_____
—Potatoes.
A.color
B.fruit
C.subject
D.vegetable
答案与解析:D
关键词是Potatoes
“土豆”,
属于蔬菜类。
(
)
4.
—Hello,
may
I
speak
to
Ben,
please
—
Sorry
you’ve
got
a
wrong
_____.
A.name
B.way
C.number
D.telephone
答案与解析:C
May
I
speak
to
Ben,
please.是打电话时常用的语言,have
got“有”,本句话中表示“拨电话”的意思。
(
)
5.
Lunch
is
the
second
_____
of
the
day.
A.
meal
B.
dinner
C.
supper
D.
food
答案与解析:A
lunch“午饭/午餐”,meal“餐/饭”。
(
)
6.
I
want
to
have
a
_____
with
you
about
the
problem.
A.
fun
B.
word
C.
play
D.
rest
答案与解析:B
have
a
word
with
sb“和某人说句话”,about“关于”,problem“问题”。
(
)
7.
—Excuse
me,
what
time
is
it
—Sorry
,
I
don’t
have
a
_____.
A.
radio
.
B.
cup
C.
watch
D.
camera
答案与解析:C
关键词是:What
time
is
it “几点了?”;watch“手表”。
(
)
8.
—How
many
_____
are
there
in
the
kitchen
—Only
one.
A.
a
bag
of
rice
B.
some
bags
of
rice
C.
bags
of
rice
D.
one
bag
of
rice
答案与解析:C
How
many“多少个”,其后接可数名词复数。句意:厨房里有几袋大米?
(
)
.9
.Yao
Ming
is
a
popular(受欢迎的)
basketball
_____.
A.
singer
B.
player
C.
actor
D.
dancer
答案与解析:B
根据主语“姚明”,得答案。player
“运动员/选手”。
(
)10.
I’m
too
hungry.
Bring
me
some
_____,
please.
A.
medicine
B.
bread
C.
water
D.
books
答案与解析:B
关键词是hungry“饥饿的”,bread
“面包”,是不可数名词。
(
)11.
The
two
books
here
are
_____
.
You
may
use
the
book
over
there.
A.
Mike’s
and
Tom’s
B.
Tom
and
Mike
C.
Mike
and
Tom
D.
Mike
and
Tom’s
答案解析:D
在人名后面写上
‘s,表示“某某人的”,如果某物同时属于两个人,这时应该在第二个人名的后面写上’s。
(
)12.
—Is
it
your
coat
—No,
It’s
my
_____.
A.sisters
B.sister
C.sister’s
D.sisters’
答案解析:C
因为coat是单数形式,因此它一定属于一个人的。选项D表示“几个姐姐的/至少两个姐姐”。
(
)13.
---How
far
is
your
school
from
here
---Not
very
far.
It’s
about
twenty
_____
walk.
A.
minute’s
B.
minutes
C.
minutes’
D.
minute
答案解析:C
twenty
minutes’
“二十分钟的路”,twenty
minutes’
walk
“步行要二十分钟的路”,这是用时间表示路程的一种方法。
选题意图:小学教材中已经有名词的教学内容,但是对于可数名词和不可数名词没有更详细的教学内容。本题的意图是帮助学生们更明确可数名词和不可数名词的概念及用法,尤其是一些特殊的可数名词的变化形式是解题中的难点,也是中考试卷中的必考项目之一。
二、单词拼写。
根据句子的意思和括号中的所给的中文词语,写出真确的单词。
1.
The
________
(双胞胎)
are
wearing
the
same
clothes.
2.
The
little
girl
has
a
round
face
and
long
________
(头发).
3.
The
farmer
is
working
in
the
________
(田地).
4.
There
is
a
lot
of
________
(雪)
in
winter
in
Harbin.
5.
There
are
sixty
________
(分钟)
in
an
hour.
6.
When
he
heard
the
________
(消息),
he
got
angry.
7.
I
pay
ten
yuan
for
two
kilos
of
________
(肉).
8.
The
________
(鸡肉)
is
very
delicious.
9.
I
usually
have
milk
and
________
(面包)
for
breakfast.
10.
It
takes
them
two
hours
to
walk
through
the
________
(森林).
答案与解析:
1.twins
twins是可数名词。
2.
hair
hair是不可数名词。
3.
field
field是土地、田地的意思,是集合名词,田地是没有界限的,本题中可视为不可数名词。
4.
snow
snow是不可数名词。
5.
minutes
minute是可数名词。
6.
news
news本身是不可数名词,没有复数形式。
7.
meat
表示肉类的单词都是不可数名词,没有复数形式。
8.
chicken
chichen是不可数名词,没有复数形式。
9.
bread
bread是不可数名词,没有复数形式。
10.
forest
forest是集合名词,本题可理解为森林是没有界限的,本题中可视为不可数名词。
选题意图:本题从可数名词和不可数名词的用法训练角度出发,不仅帮助提高学生阅读理解、分析判断的能力还可以提高学生记忆和拼写单词的能力。本题在部分地区也是中考试卷中的必考项目之一。
三、单词拼写。
根据句子意思和首字母提示完成句子。
1.
His
sister
eats
lots
of
healthy
f
________.
2.
I
don’t
like
milk
for
b
________
in
the
morning.
I
usually
have
porridge.
3.
Here
is
a
p________
of
my
family.
There
are
five
people
in
it.
4.
---
Would
you
like
some
w______
---
Yes,
please.
I’m
a
little
thirsty.
5.
I
like
f
________,
such
as
apples,
bananas,
oranges
….
答案:
1.
food
本题的关键词是eats。
2.
breakfast
本题的关键词是in
the
morning。
3.
picture/photo
本题的关键句子是There
are
five
people
in
it.
4.
water
本题的关键词是thirsty“渴的”。
5.
fruit
本题的关键词是apples,
bananas,
oranges。
选题意图:本题从可数名词和不可数名词用法训练的角度出发,通过训练不仅可以培养学生阅读理解、分析判断的能力还可以提高学生记忆和拼写单词的能力。但比起前一题稍有难度,因为空白部分只给一个首字母,需要提醒学生充分理解题意,在题干中寻找解题的关键词,才能写出正确的单词。本题在部分地区也是中考试卷中的必考项目之一。
第三节
【巩固练习】
一、单项填空。
根据句意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
(
)1.
Lucy
likes
_____.
She
has
piano
lessons
on
Sundays.
A.
movies
B.
English
C.
sports
D.
music
(
)
2.
Mary
wants
to
be
_____
because
she
loves
children
and
school
very
much.
A.
a
teacher
B.
a
police
officer
C.
an
actress
D.an
engineer
(
)
3.
—Would
you
like
some
_____
—Thank
you,
but
I’m
not
thirsty.
A.sandwiches
B.cakes
C.bread
D.orange
(
)
4.
---What’s
your
favorite
subject
---_____.It’s
interesting.
A.
T-shirt
B.
Math
C.
Toys
D.E-mail
(
)
5.
She
likes
singing
because
she
has
a
very
sweet
_____.
A.
face
B.
voice
C.
noise
D.
hands
(
)
6.---I
have
a
toothache.
---Maybe
you
should
see
a
_____.
A.
teacher
B.
nurse
C.
worker
D.
dentist
(
)
7.
—Excuse
me,
what
time
is
it
—Sorry
,
I
don’t
have
a
_____.
A.
radio
.
B.
cup
C.
watch
D.
camera
(
)8.
Grandma
is
ill,
Please
send
her
to
the
_____.
A.
station
B.
hospital
C.
shop
D.
bookshop
(
)9.
There
is
not
enough
_____
in
the
corner
to
put
the
table.
A.
place
B.
room
C.
seat
D.
ground
(
)10.
He
likes
English
very
much,
he’s
a
_____
of
the
English
club.
A.
number
B.
kind
C.
member
D.
student
答案解析:
1.D
关键词是piano“钢琴”。
2.
A
解题的关键时后面半句话
because
she
loves
children
and
school
very
much.“因为她非常喜爱孩子和学校”。
3.
D
因为答句说:我不渴,选项中只有orange和答句有关系,orange是不可数名词“橘汁”的意思。
4.
B
解题关键时subject
“学科”。
5.
B
like
singing“喜欢唱歌”,voice“声音/嗓音”,noise“喧闹声”。
6.
D
四个选项的意思分别为:教师,护士,工人,牙医。have
a
toothache意为:(患了)牙疼。
7.
C
关键词是:What
time
is
it “几点了?”,watch“手表”。
8.
B
send
sb
to
a
place“把某人送到某地”,ill
“生病的”。
9.
B
room“房间”,是可数名词,
还有“空余之地/空间”的意思,是不可数名词。
in
the
corner“在拐角处”。题意:拐角处没有多余的空间放那张桌子。
10.
C
member“成员/会员”,句意:他非常喜欢英语,他是英语俱乐部的会员。
二、写出下列各名词的复数形式。
(A)
1.policeman
_________
2.problem
__________
3.question
__________
4.radio
__________
5.
reason
__________
6.
robot
__________
7.
sheep
__________
8.
shelf
__________
9.
thank
_________
10.tooth
__________
11.
university
__________
12.video
__________
13.watch
__________
14.woman
__________
15.
wife
__________
(B)
1.friend
__________
2.half
__________
3.
hero
__________
4.house
__________
5.
idea
__________
6.
knife
__________
7.life
__________
8.market
__________
9.monkey
__________
10.
mouth
__________
11.movie
__________
12.museum
__________
13.
page
__________
14.parent
__________
15.person
__________
(C)
1.
piano
__________
2.
mouse
__________
3.tomato
__________
4.
month
__________
5.
leaf
__________
6.
brush
__________
7.
baby
__________
8.
bus
__________
9.
century
__________
10
child
__________
11.
Chinese
__________
12.city
__________
13.
company
________
14.country
__________
15.
foot
__________
(D)
1.
activity
__________
2.camera
__________
3.glass
__________
4
.movie
__________
5.
stone
__________
6.
ticket
__________
7
.lady__________
8.
bird
__________
9.
island
__________
10.ticket
__________
11.
village
__________
12.piece
__________
13.hotel__________
14.difficulty
__________
15.
animal__________
(E)
1.
wish__________
2.flower
__________
3.mile
__________
4.
song
__________
5.table
__________
6.key
__________
7.
bottle
__________
8.
address
__________
9.
card
__________
10.hole
__________
11.newspaper
__________
12.
tie
__________
13.
ball
__________
14.festival
__________
15.baby
__________
(F)
1.
bag
__________
2.ice
__________
3.factory
__________
4.
machine
__________
5.shape
__________
6.plane
__________
7.object
__________
8.
dream__________
9.date
__________
10.boat
__________
11.box__________
12.dress
__________
13.advice
__________
14.
place__________
15.fun
__________
答案:
(A)1.policemen
2.problems
3.questions
4.
radios
5.
reasons
6.
robots
7.
sheep
8.
shelves
9.
thanks
10.teeth
11.
universities
12.videos
13.watches
14.women
15.
wives
(B)
1.friends
2.
halves
3.
heroes
4.
houses
5.
ideas
6.knives
7.
lives
8.
markets
9.
monkeys
10.
mouths
11.
movies
12.
museums
13.
pages
14.
parents
15.
persons
(C)1.pianos
2.
mice
3.
tomatoes
4.
months
5.
leaves
6.
brushes
7.
babies
8.
buses
9.
centuries
10.
children
11.
Chinese
12.
cities
13.
companies
14.
countries
15.
feet
(D)
1.
activities
2.
cameras
3.
glasses
4.
movies
5.
stones
6.
tickets
7.
ladies
8.
birds
9.
islands
10.
tickets
11
.
villages
12.
pieces
13.
hotels
14
.difficulties
15.
animals
(E)1.wishes
2.
flowers
3.miles
4.songs
5.tables
6.keys
7.bottles
8.addresses
9.
cards10.holes
11.newspapers
12.ties
13
.balls
14
.festivals
15.babies
(F)1.bags
2.
ice
3.factories
4.machines
5.shapes
6.
planes
7.objects
8.dreams
9.dates
10.boats
11.
boxes
12.dresses
13
.advice
14
.
places
15.fun
二、用括号中所给名词的适当形式填空。
1.
These
friends
come
from
many
__________
(country).
2.
There
are
fifty
__________
(state)
in
America.
3.
How
many
__________
(radio)
are
there
on
the
shelf.
4.
She
has
saved
many
people’s__________
(life).
5.
The
little
baby
only
has
two
__________
.(tooth)
6.
Here
are
some
flowers
for
you,
with
our
best
__________
(wish)
7.
There
are
twelve__________
(month)
in
a
year.
8.
There
are
many
__________
(
monkey)
in
the
zoo.
9.
Beijing
is
one
of
the
most
famous__________
(city
)
in
the
world.
10.
We
have
a
lot
of
__________
(work
)
to
do
every
day.
11.
I
put
them
in__________
(box)
under
my
bed.
12.
Fish
can’t
live
without
__________
(water)
13.June
1st
is
__________
(child
)
Day
14.I
like
collecting
__________
(watch)
in
my
free
time.
15.There
are
seven
__________
(day
)
in
a
week.
16.
Ms
Jenny
gave
us
some__________
(advice)on
how
to
learn
English
well.
17.
Several
__________
(woman
)
are
talking
under
the
tree.
18.
After
the
exam,
we’ll
have
two
__________
(week)
holiday.
19.He
doesn’t
like
eating
__________
(fish).
20.Would
you
like
some
__________
__________
(bread)
答案:
1.
countries
2.
states
3.
radios
4.
lives
5.
teeth
6.
wishes
7.
months
8.
monkeys
9.
cities
10.
work
11.boxes
12.water
13.Children’s
14.wathches
15.days
16.advice
17.women
18.weeks’
19.fish
20.bread
三、句型:根据所给汉语意思完成下列英语句子。
你妈妈喜欢吃西红柿吗?
________
your
mother
________
________?
我的同学不喜欢草莓。
My
classmates
________
like
________.
3.
他午饭通常吃什么?
What
________
he
usually
eat
________
lunch
4.
约翰喜欢鸡肉还是水果?
________
John
________
chicken
________
fruit
5.
我一点也不喜欢吃沙拉。
I
_________
like
________salad
at
all.
答案与解析:
1.
Does,
like
tomatoes
tomato是可数名词,其复数形式在词尾加-es。
2.
don’t,
strawberries
strawberry是可数名词,其复数形式把词尾的y改为i,再加-es。
3.
does,
for
介词for通常用来表示目的“每餐饭吃……”。
4.
Does,
like,
or
疑问句中通常用or表示连接,而不用and。
5.
don’t,
eating
like
doing
sth
“喜欢做某事”,是固定搭配。at
all用于否定句中,意为“一点儿也不”。
四、汉译英。
跑步明星桑德拉·克拉克吃很多健康的食物。早饭,她喜欢鸡蛋,香蕉和苹果。午饭,
她喜欢汉堡包,沙拉和梨。晚饭,她喜欢鸡肉,西红柿,薯条,以及甜点冰激淋。
Key:
Running
star
Sandra
Clark
eats
lots
of
healthy
food.
For
breakfast,
she
likes
eggs,
bananas
and
apples.
For
lunch,
she
likes
hamburgers,
salad
and
pears.
And
for
dinner,
she
has
chicken,
tomatoes,
French
fries,
and
for
dessert,
ice
cream.
【课外拓展】
The
People
in
Christmas
Day
December
25th
is
Christmas
day.
In
most
countries
it
is
the
most
important
day
in
the
year.
All
the
people
come
back
to
their
homes.
On
Christmas
day,
bells
ring
everywhere.
The
ringing
bell
tell
people
Christmas
is
coming.
People
sing
and
dance
day
and
night.
They
have
a
good
time.
Most
family
buy
a
Christmas
tree
for
their
children.
And
there
are
some
presents
in
the
tree
here
and
there.
People
also
put
presents
in
children’s
stockings.
In
many
places,
Father
Christmas
himself
brings
presents
to
them.
He
is
a
kind
man
and
in
red
clothes.
There
is
a
big
bag
on
his
back.
In
it
there
are
a
lot
of
presents.
On
Christmas
Day,
people
enjoy
all
kinds
of
food.
But
some
poor
people
have
no
food.
But
some
poor
people
have
no
houses
to
live,
and
have
no
food
to
eat.
They
die
of
cold
and
hunger
on
Christmas
Day.
注解:
country
国家
bell
钟,铃
stocking
长袜
present
礼物
hunger
饥饿
Christmas
day圣诞节
根据上文,给下面各题选择正确的答案.
(
)1.
In
most
countries,
-------------is
the
most
important
day
in
the
year.
A.
Christmas
Day
B.New
Year
C.Children’s
Day
D.Teacher’s
Day
(
)2.which
sentence
is
not
true ----------------
A. On
Christmas
Day
all
the
people
come
back
to
their
homes.
B. On
Christmas
Day
bells
ring
everywhere.
C. People
sing
and
dance
day
and
night.
D.
Only
children
have
a
good
time.
(
)3.
What
do
most
family
buy
for
their
children --------------------
A.
a
Christmas
tree
B.
some
presents
C.
new
clothes
D.
both
Aand
B
(
)4.
In
Father
Christmas’s
bag
there
are
a
lot
of
-----------.
A.food
B.books
C.presents
D.
bells
学大教育精品课程
课题
第五讲:数词
教学目标
1、基数词和序数词的构成及用法;2、数词的运用。
重点难点
基数词变序数词规则的掌握
第一节
【知识梳理】
基数词:
1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即:
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,
nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:
fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,
13—thirteen
15—fifteen
18—eighteen。
3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如:
sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,
20—twenty,
30—thirty,
40—forty
,50—fifty
,80—eighty。
4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six
5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148—one
hundred
and
forty-eight
,406—four
hundred
and
six。
6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600—six
hundred,8百万—eight
million。
7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。
如:2,510=two
thousand
five
hundred
and
ten;
84,296=eighty-four
thousand
two
hundred
and
ninety-six;
274,350=two
hundred
and
seventy-four
thousand
three
hundred
and
fifty。
8.hundred,thousand,million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of+复数名词”,如:数以百计的年轻人hundreds
of
young
people;数以千计的书thousands
of
books。注意:hundreds
of
/thousands
of/millions
of
+复数名词,其前面不能加具体的数词,但可加several或
many。
序数词:
由基数词转变而来,表示“这是第n个”
1.口诀巧记基数词变序数词:
一、二、三,特殊记,
(first,second,third)
八去“t”,九去“e”,
(eight—eighth,nine—ninth)
“ve”要用“f”替,
(five—fifth,twelve—twelfth)
见“y”变成“i”和“e”,词尾加上“th”,
(twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth)
若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。
(twenty-five—twenty-fifth)
其余情况均在基数词后加th。
如:
six—sixth,
nineteen—nineteenth
,
hundred—
hundredth,
thousand—thousandth等。
2.序数词有时用缩写形式:
first——lst
second——2nd
third——3rd
fourth——4th
sixth——6th
twentieth——20th
twenty-third——23rd
其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th
【例题精讲】
1.
Thursday
is
the
f______
day
of
the
week
in
the
UK.
【答案与解析】序数词的用法及文化习俗。Thursday是周四,但在英国的周历中,周日是一周的第一天,所以周四是一周的第五天而不是第四天,故答案为fifth。
2.
Women’s
Day
is
on
the
e______
of
M_______.
【答案与解析】
月份、序数词的用法及节假日文化常识。妇女节是每年3月8日,故答案分别填eighth和March。
3.
(
)
How
do
we
say
“99,118”
A.
ninety-nine
thousand
and
one
hundred
and
eighteen
B.
ninety-nine
thousands
one
hundreds
and
eighteen
C.
ninety-nine
thousand
one
hundred
and
eighteen
D.
ninety-nine
thousands
and
one
hundred
and
eighteen
【答案与解析】基数词的读法。注意:1,000以上数目的读法:自右向左每三位划一个分节“’”,第一个分节读thousand,
第二个分节读million,
第三个分节读billion或thousand
million
,且hundred,
thousand,
million等用单数形式。注意,百位数hundred与十位数(或个位数)之间要用and连接。十位数与个位数之间要用连字符号“-”。故选C。
随堂演练
翻译下列短语。
1.
60名工人
2.
15本英语书
3.
8杯咖啡
4.
4把椅子
5.
12月31日
6.
7月1日
7.
第九周
8.
40年前
Keys:
1.
sixty
workers
2.
fifteen
English
books
3.
eight
cups
of
coffee
4
.four
chairs
5.
the
thirty-first
of
December
6.
the
first
of
July
7.
the
ninth
week
8.
forty
years
ago
把下列基数词改成序数词。
one---
two---
three---
nine---
fourteen---
twenty---
thirty-five---
Keys:
one---first
two---second
three---third
nine---ninth
fourteen---
fourteenth
twenty---
twentieth
thirty-five
thirty-fifth
单项选择。
(
)1.
---How
long
is
the
new
bridge
Do
you
know
---Yes.
It’s
about
_______.
A.
one
thousand
one
hundred
and
eighty
meters
B.
one
thousand
and
one
hundred
fifty
meters
C.
two
thousands
one
hundred
forty
meters
D.
two
thousands
seventy
and
three
meters
(
)2.
There
are
_______
days
in
a
year.
A.
three
hundred
and
sixty-five
B.
three
hundred
and
sixty
five
C.
three
hundred
sixty-five
D.
three
hundreds
and
sixty-
five
(
)3.
I’ve
read
_______
sports
news
about
the
F1
race
today.
A.
two
B.
pieces
C.
two
pieces
D.
two
pieces
of
(
)4.
---Can
I
help
you
---I’d
like
_______
for
my
twin
daughters.
A.
two
pair
of
shoes
B.
two
pairs
of
shoe
C.
two
pair
of
shoe
D.
two
pairs
of
shoes
(
)5.
Jack
is
now
in
_______
.
A.
the
three
grade
B.
Grade
Third
C.
Grade
Three
D.
the
Third
Grade
(
)6.
Now
children,
turn
to
page
__and
look
at
the
__
picture
in
Lesson
Two.
A.
twentieth;
one
B.
twenty;
one
C.
twentieth;
first
D.
twenty;
first
(
)7.
---It’
9:45.
---Yes,
It’s
_______
.
A.
fifteen
from
ten
B.
a
quarter
to
ten
C.
fifteen
past
nine
D.
a
quarter
past
ten
(
)8.
He
believed
his
lucky
number
was
ten,
so
he
decided
to
live
on
the
_______
floor.
A.
lowest
B.
ten
C.
tenth
D.
the
tenth
(
)9.I
have
made
_______
dumplings.
Now
I’m
making
the
_______
one.
A.
twenty;
twentieth-first
B.
twenty;
twenty-first
C.
twentieth;
twenty-first
D.
twenty;
twenty-one
(
)10.Time
is
not
enough
for
so
much
work.
_______
people
are
needed,
I
think.
A.
Other
two
B.
Only
two
C.
Two
more
D.
Two
others
(
)11.Both
of
the
two
rulers
are
broken.
I
want
to
buy
a
_______
one.
A.
three
B.
third
C.
forth
D.
不填
(
)12.This
is
a
big
class,
and
_______
of
the
students
are
girls.
A.
two
third
B.
second
three
C.
two
thirds
D.
two
three
(
)13.---What’s
one
fourth
and
a
half
,
do
you
know
---Yes,
it’s
______.
A.
two
sixths
B.
three
fourths
C.
one
three
D.
three
sixths
Keys:
1-5
AADDC
6-10
DBCBC
11-13
BCB
【巩固练习】
根据句意和首字母或中文意思,写出句中所缺单词。
1.
August
is
the
e_________
month
of
a
year.
2.We’ll
meet
at
a
q_________
to
eight,
that
is
to
say,
7:45
at
the
bookstore.
3.---Do
you
know
what
Taiwan
Island
was
like
t_________
of
years
ago
---Yes.
About
20,000-30,000
years
ago,
it
was
part
of
the
mainland.
4.Liu
Xiang
got
the
_________
(one)
in
his
competition
of
the
2004
Olympic
Games.
5.Look
at
the
photo!
The
_________(第二个)
man
from
the
left
is
my
grandpa.
6.My
aunt’s
office
is
on
the
_________(第六)floor.
7.The
Smiths
had
a
big
party
to
celebrate
their
son’s
_________(二十岁)birthday
last
Sunday.
8.The
boy
has
collected
more
than
_________(四十)stamps
from
different
countries.
Keys:
1.eighth
2.quarter
3.thousands
4.first
5.second
6.sixth
7.twentieth
8.forty
1
(
)
1
There
are
___
days
in
a
year.
A.
three
hundreds
sixty-five
B.
three
hundreds
and
sixty-five
C.
three
hundred
and
sixty-five
D.
three
hundred
and
sixty
five
(
)
2
There
are____
students
in
this
school.
A.
eight
hundreds
and
forty-six
B.
eight
hundred
and
forty
six
C.
eight
hundred
and
forty-six
D.
eight
hundred
forty-six
2
(
)
1
______people
visit
this
museum
every
day.
A.
Hundred
B.
Hundreds
C.
Hundred
of
D.
Hundreds
of
(
)
2
There
are
two___
people
in
the
meeting
room.
A.
hundred
B.
hundreds
C.
hundreds
of
D.
hundred
of
(
)
3
Every
year
___
watch
NBA
on
TV.
A.
million
people
B