Unit 4 sharing using language重点字词及单元语法定语从句复习
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| 名称 | Unit 4 sharing using language重点字词及单元语法定语从句复习 |
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| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 268.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2010-03-12 00:00:00 | ||
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课件33张PPT。Unit 4 sharingLanguage points and grammaroccasionpoorestin needcardpersonFill in the blanks.1). Complete list of items, usually in a special order and with a description of each
2). Give (money, goods, etc.), esp. to a charity; contribute sth.
3). Acting, done or given willingly; working, done or maintained without payment
4). Buy sth. with money
5). Yearly return of the date of an event; celebration of this
6). Part of a plant from which a new plant of the same kind can grow
7). Make stitches in cloth, etc. with a needle and thread
8). Separate sth. Into parts and give a share to each person or thing
9). Freedom or protection from danger or worry
10). Work; be in action; perform a surgical operationcataloguedonatevoluntarypurchaseanniversaryseedsewdistributesecurityoperatepurchase sth. with sth; purchase sth. for sb.purchase shares 购买股票
n. [C]常作复数, 指“购买之物”
Are you satisfied with your purchases?
[U] action of buying sth.
They announced the purchase of such a large house.purchase a house with loans 贷款购房purchase freedom with blood 以血的代价换来自由operate 起作用；见效；工作；运转；经营；操作；做手术
当它作 “做手术”讲时，后面如果带有表示人或某部位的名词或代词时，应用介词on。
构成operate on sb.或operate sb. on + 某部位结构。如：
to operate on a patient给病人做手术
to operate a patient on the head
给病人头部做手术[联想] operation n. 操作; 运算; 经营; 手术
operator n. 操作员；电话接线员
[例句] They were also given the opportunity to do some operations.
他们也有机会亲自去操作。
Then he bent over the patient to start the operation.
然后他俯身开始给病人做手术。
He is a computer operator.
他是个电脑操作员。
Operator, I want to make a long distance call. 话务员，我要打长途电话。Water supply for one person.
1) 用作名词时：
指“供给;供应”等,其反义词为 demand(需求)
supply and demand 供与求
be in short supply 供应缺乏,供应不足
food supply 食物供应 water supply 供水
a good supply of meat (fish, fruit) 肉类(鱼,水果)大量供应
b) 当“供应品;生活用品;补给品”等,常用复数supplies。
military supplies 军需品
household supplies 家庭用品
medical supplies 医用品2) 用作动词时, 指“供给,提供,备办”等,常用于词组supply sb. with sth. 或supply sth. to/for sb.。其同义词为provide, present, give, furnish等。
They supplied food to/for them. 他们供给他食物。 ox 公牛，它的复数形式是oxen。
名词复数形式的特殊变化：
1) 单复数同形：sheep, fish, deer, cattle (牲口牛), staff (全体职员), means (方法), crew(全体工作人员)
2) 一般情况下，以o结尾的名词，其复数形式是加s, 但tomato, potato, hero 和 Negro则在它们后面加-es，构成复数。 3) 以-f, -fe结尾的名词，有两种情况。一种是直接在这些名词后-s，如：roof-roofs (屋顶), chief-chiefs (首领), serf-serfs(农奴), belief-beliefs (信念), proof-proofs (证据)。另一种是把-f, -fe改成-ves，如：knife-knives; wife-wives; life-lives。
4) 单复数形式变化特殊，如：datum-data(数据，资料), phenomenon-phenomena (现象), child-children, mouse-mice定语从句复习 定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有： when, where, why等。 注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。
2.whose+名词=the+名词+of which/ of whomThis is the detective who came from London.
The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。
We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.
关系代词that 和which的区别 1.宜用that引导的定语从句(3) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that, 不用which, who，或whom。例如：
This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before .
这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。 That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。 We have to consider the first thing that starts our work . 我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。 2. 宜用which引导的定语从句
当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。
The house in which they lived last year
has been rebuilt.
引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。
He bought a railway ticket for the woman,
which helped her a lot.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 1. which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。 2. as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。 Li Ming was late, which (=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry. 李明迟到了，这件事使张先生非常生气。(不可用as)3. as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但which不受此限制。 He married her, which was unexpected. 他和她结婚了，这是出乎意料的。(不可用as) 4. as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这(件事，一点)”，可用and this/that/it来代替。as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 5. as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。 注：which代表整个句子，还可用于in which case, at which point, on which occasion等。 I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone you. 我可能得晚点下班，那样我会给你打电话的。 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：
当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错 1. This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 3. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 4. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. FFTT方法二：
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that
C. on which D. the one
2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that
C. on which D. the one例1变为肯定句：
This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句：
This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。 区分定语从句和同位语从句 1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系； 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.? ?? ?? ? 定语从句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?同位语从句 2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略； 同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语 (4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以 (1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the sun. ExercisesMother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, ________made me very happy. A. what B. that? C. who? D. which
2. Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is _______ watch ________ Helen lost the other day?
A. as the same; as? B. the?same; as??
C. the same; which???? D. as the same ; that
? 3. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What 4. The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect. A. what?? B. which?? C. that?? D. it
5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _______ he grew up as a child.???
which?? B. where?? C. that?? D. when
6.?He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science. A. which I think is?? B. which I think it is?
C. which I think it??? D. I think which is 7. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but __________ didn’t help.
A. which B. it
C. she D. he
8. ________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As
C. That D. What
9.Is this the only reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. that he explained B. what he explained
C. why he explained D. which he explained
2). Give (money, goods, etc.), esp. to a charity; contribute sth.
3). Acting, done or given willingly; working, done or maintained without payment
4). Buy sth. with money
5). Yearly return of the date of an event; celebration of this
6). Part of a plant from which a new plant of the same kind can grow
7). Make stitches in cloth, etc. with a needle and thread
8). Separate sth. Into parts and give a share to each person or thing
9). Freedom or protection from danger or worry
10). Work; be in action; perform a surgical operationcataloguedonatevoluntarypurchaseanniversaryseedsewdistributesecurityoperatepurchase sth. with sth; purchase sth. for sb.purchase shares 购买股票
n. [C]常作复数, 指“购买之物”
Are you satisfied with your purchases?
[U] action of buying sth.
They announced the purchase of such a large house.purchase a house with loans 贷款购房purchase freedom with blood 以血的代价换来自由operate 起作用；见效；工作；运转；经营；操作；做手术
当它作 “做手术”讲时，后面如果带有表示人或某部位的名词或代词时，应用介词on。
构成operate on sb.或operate sb. on + 某部位结构。如：
to operate on a patient给病人做手术
to operate a patient on the head
给病人头部做手术[联想] operation n. 操作; 运算; 经营; 手术
operator n. 操作员；电话接线员
[例句] They were also given the opportunity to do some operations.
他们也有机会亲自去操作。
Then he bent over the patient to start the operation.
然后他俯身开始给病人做手术。
He is a computer operator.
他是个电脑操作员。
Operator, I want to make a long distance call. 话务员，我要打长途电话。Water supply for one person.
1) 用作名词时：
指“供给;供应”等,其反义词为 demand(需求)
supply and demand 供与求
be in short supply 供应缺乏,供应不足
food supply 食物供应 water supply 供水
a good supply of meat (fish, fruit) 肉类(鱼,水果)大量供应
b) 当“供应品;生活用品;补给品”等,常用复数supplies。
military supplies 军需品
household supplies 家庭用品
medical supplies 医用品2) 用作动词时, 指“供给,提供,备办”等,常用于词组supply sb. with sth. 或supply sth. to/for sb.。其同义词为provide, present, give, furnish等。
They supplied food to/for them. 他们供给他食物。 ox 公牛，它的复数形式是oxen。
名词复数形式的特殊变化：
1) 单复数同形：sheep, fish, deer, cattle (牲口牛), staff (全体职员), means (方法), crew(全体工作人员)
2) 一般情况下，以o结尾的名词，其复数形式是加s, 但tomato, potato, hero 和 Negro则在它们后面加-es，构成复数。 3) 以-f, -fe结尾的名词，有两种情况。一种是直接在这些名词后-s，如：roof-roofs (屋顶), chief-chiefs (首领), serf-serfs(农奴), belief-beliefs (信念), proof-proofs (证据)。另一种是把-f, -fe改成-ves，如：knife-knives; wife-wives; life-lives。
4) 单复数形式变化特殊，如：datum-data(数据，资料), phenomenon-phenomena (现象), child-children, mouse-mice定语从句复习 定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有： when, where, why等。 注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。
2.whose+名词=the+名词+of which/ of whomThis is the detective who came from London.
The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。
We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.
关系代词that 和which的区别 1.宜用that引导的定语从句(3) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that, 不用which, who，或whom。例如：
This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before .
这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。 That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。 We have to consider the first thing that starts our work . 我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。 2. 宜用which引导的定语从句
当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。
The house in which they lived last year
has been rebuilt.
引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。
He bought a railway ticket for the woman,
which helped her a lot.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 1. which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。 2. as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。 Li Ming was late, which (=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry. 李明迟到了，这件事使张先生非常生气。(不可用as)3. as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但which不受此限制。 He married her, which was unexpected. 他和她结婚了，这是出乎意料的。(不可用as) 4. as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这(件事，一点)”，可用and this/that/it来代替。as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 5. as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。 注：which代表整个句子，还可用于in which case, at which point, on which occasion等。 I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone you. 我可能得晚点下班，那样我会给你打电话的。 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：
当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错 1. This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 3. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 4. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. FFTT方法二：
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that
C. on which D. the one
2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that
C. on which D. the one例1变为肯定句：
This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句：
This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。 区分定语从句和同位语从句 1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系； 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.? ?? ?? ? 定语从句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?同位语从句 2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略； 同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语 (4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以 (1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the sun. ExercisesMother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, ________made me very happy. A. what B. that? C. who? D. which
2. Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is _______ watch ________ Helen lost the other day?
A. as the same; as? B. the?same; as??
C. the same; which???? D. as the same ; that
? 3. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What 4. The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect. A. what?? B. which?? C. that?? D. it
5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _______ he grew up as a child.???
which?? B. where?? C. that?? D. when
6.?He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science. A. which I think is?? B. which I think it is?
C. which I think it??? D. I think which is 7. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but __________ didn’t help.
A. which B. it
C. she D. he
8. ________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As
C. That D. What
9.Is this the only reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. that he explained B. what he explained
C. why he explained D. which he explained