山东省淄博市淄川中学2016-2017学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷

淄川中学2016-2017学年度第二学期
高一学分认定考试英语试题
注意事项：本试题分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，满分120分，考试时间为90分钟。其中第Ⅰ卷为选择题共70分；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题共50分。
第Ⅰ卷（共两部分，满70分）
阅读理解（40分）
第一节、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
A
Book：No
Looking
Back
Author：Shivani
Gupta
Snivani
had
thrown
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
party
one
evening
and
awoke
the
next
morning
in
hospital
because
of
a
car
crash．It
took
Shivani
years
of
pain，struggle
and
determination
to
regain
control
of
her
life
and
her
body．Then
tragedy
struck
again.
As
the
newly-married
Shivani
drove
to
Manali
with
her
family，a
truck
crashed
into
her
car．Shivani
refused
to
give
in-she
wouldn't
let
her
injury
keep
her
from
achieving
her
ambitions．
Book：Courage
Beyond
Compare
Author：Sanjay
Sharma
The
10
sportspersons
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in
the
book
are
champions
in
diverse
fields
like
athletics，swimming
and
badminton，who
have
brought
glory
to
the
country．They
overcame
their
physical
limitations
to
reach
the
top
of
their
chosen
fields．
Book：Face
to
Face
Author：Ved
Mehta
Blind
since
the
age
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f
four，the
author
led
a
lonely
childhood
in
India
until
he
was
accepted
to
the
Arkansas
School
for
the
Blind，to
which
he
flew
alone
at
15．America
and
the
school
changed
his
life，leading
him
to
degrees
at
Oxford
and
Harvard
and
a
fruitful
writing
career．
Book：This
Star
Won’t
Go
Out
Author：Lori
and
Wayne
Earl
Diagnosed
wit
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h
cancer
at
12，Esther
Earl
was
a
bright
and
talented，but
very
normal
teenager．She
lived
a
hope-filled
and
generous
life．A
cheerful，positive
and
encouraging
daughter，sister
and
friend，Esther
died
in
2010，shortly
after
turning
l
6，but
not
before
inspiring
thousands
through
her
growing
online
presence．
1．The
book
No
Looking
Back
mainly
talks
about__________.
A．an
unlucky
girl
who
experienced
two
car
accidents
B．10
disabled
athletes
who
are
champions
in
sports
field
C．a
successful
author
who
was
blind
during
his
childhood
D．an
inspiring
teenager
who
died
of
cancer
2．When
reading
the
book
written
by
Sanjay
Sharma，we
will_______．
A．find
the
author
is
a
sports
lover
B．get
inspired
by
the
sportspersons’spirits
C．be
proud
to
be
a
sportsperson
D．find
sportspersons
are
full
of
power
3．In
which
book
does
the
author
tell
of
himself
A．Face
to
Face．
B．This
Star
Won't
GO
Out．
C．Courage
Beyond
Compare．
D．No
Looking
Back．
4．Which
word
can
best
describe
the
characters
of
all
the
four
books
A．Intelligent．
B．generous．
C．
Pessimistic
D．Inspiring
B
My
wife
and
I
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )always
been
friendly
with
the
clerks
at
the
local
store.
I
don’t
think
many
people
appreciate
what
a
difficult
job
these
clerks
have.
They
work
for
a
little
money
and
I
often
wonder
how
they
make
ends
meet.
One
of
the
clerks
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
Charlie,
was
always
wearing
his
glasses
but
he
didn’t
one
day.
I
asked
him
about
it
and
he
said
they’d
been
out
of
order
and
that
he
couldn’t
afford
a
new
pair.
His
family
needed
money.
It
was
clear
that
he
was
having
a
difficult
time.
We
wanted
to
help
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
him,
so
we
turned
to
our
own
eye
doctor
for
help
with
a
plan.
We
had
his
secretary
contact
him,
asking
him
to
come
in
for
an
eye
exam
for
free.
We
told
the
doctor
to
let
him
order
whatever
glasses
he
wanted
and
that
we
would
pay
for
them.
Although
Charlie
questioned
what
was
going
on,
the
doctor
just
told
him
that
someone
had
offered
the
money
for
his
new
glasses.
When
we
went
in
to
pay
the
bill,
the
doctor
told
us
he
was
touched
by
our
idea
so
that
he
waived
the
exam
fee
and
only
charged
us
for
half
the
price
of
the
glasses!
It
was
so
wonderful
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
see
Charlie
in
his
new
glasses
and
he
enjoyed
telling
all
the
regular
customers
how
the
gift
came
about.
I’m
sure
that
upon
hearing
his
story,
ideas
of
kindness
may
have
come
in
the
minds
of
many
people.
5.
Why
didn’t
the
clerk
Charlie
wear
glasses
one
day
A.
It
was
very
warm
and
fine.
B.
His
glasses
were
missing.
C.
His
old
glasses
were
broken.
D.
He
forgot
to
wear
his
glasses.
6.
From
the
passage,
we
can
infer
that
______.
A.
Charlie
was
a
young
man
with
skills
B.
Charlie
couldn’t
support
his
family
with
enough
money
C.
Charlie
completely
accepted
the
money
for
the
new
glasses
D.
Charlie
knew
who
paid
the
money
for
the
new
glasses
7.
The
underl
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ined
word
“waived”
in
the
third
paragraph
can
be
replaced
by
______.
A.
took
up
B.
gave
up
C.
cut
down
D.
put
off
8.
Which
of
the
following
could
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage
A.
Customers’
Gift
to
an
Employee
B.
A
Friendly
Clerk
—
Charlie
C.
The
Wonde
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rful
Feeling
of
Helping
others
D.
An
Expensive
Pair
of
Glasses
C
Great
white
sharks!
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Just
hearing
that
name
makes
many
people’s
hair
stand
on
end.
In
reality,
these
big
fish
have
more
to
fear
from
us
than
we
do
from
them.
For
many
years,
people
killed
countless
great
white
sharks
in
the
waters
around
the
United
States.
But
thanks
to
conse
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rvation
(保护)
efforts,
great
whites
are
making
a
comeback
in
the
U.S.
Two
recent
studies
show
that
the
population
of
these
sharks
is
rising
along
the
east
and
west
coast.Why
is
the
growin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
population
of
a
killer
fish
something
to
celebrate
“When
you
fish
too
many
of
them,
you
start
to
lose
balance
in
the
environment,”
says
shark
researcher
Tobey
Curtis.
As
the
biggest
killer,
sharks
help
keep
the
populations
of
fish,
seals,
and
other
creatures
they
eat
from
growing
too
large.
In
spite
of
their
im
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )portance,
great
white
sharks
had
long
been
hunted
for
their
meat
and
their
fins
(鳍).
Then,
in
1997,
the
U.S.
government
passed
a
law
that
didn’t
allow
the
hunting
of
great
whites.
Afterwards,
the
numbers
of
these
sharks
in
the
U.S.
waters
started
to
increase.
The
law
wasn’t
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
only
thing
that
has
helped
great
whites.
Conservationists
have
also
played
a
part
in
the
sharks’
comeback.
The
research
group
OCEARCH
is
using
a
method
called
tagging
(加标签)
to
help
change
people’s
attitudes
about
great
white.
They
let
the
public
follow
each
shark
as
it
travels
the
world’s
oceans.
OCEARCH
also
gives
each
tagged
shark
a
name
to
help
people
form
a
closer
connection
with
the
big
fish.
The
group’s
most
we
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll-known
shark
is
named
Katharine.
She
was
tagged
last
year
near
Cape
Cod,
Massachusetts.
Since
then,
thousands
of
people
have
tracked
Katharine’s
movements
on
Twitter
and
the
OCEARCH
website.
This
helps
peop
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le
see
sharks
in
a
new
way.
Chris
Fischer,
the
founder
of
OCEARCH
believes
learning
to
appreciate
great
whites
will
encourage
people
to
do
more
to
protect
them.
9.
The
underlined
p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )art
“makes
many
people’s
hair
stand
on
end”
in
Paragraph
1
can
best
be
replaced
by______.
A.
worries
many
people
B.
bores
many
people
C.
frightens
many
people
D.
interests
many
people
10.
The
law
passed
in
1997
______.
A.
seemed
very
helpful
B.
let
scientists
down
C.
needed
to
be
changed
D.
made
people
like
great
whites
11.
Katharine’s
example
is
used
to
show
that
______.
A.
great
whites
are
in
fact
lovely
animals
B.
the
OCEARCH
website
has
a
lot
of
visitors
C.
the
number
of
great
whites
is
growing
quickly
D.
OCEARCH
help
people
get
closer
to
great
whites
12.
The
main
purpose
of
the
passage
is
to
______.
A.
introduce
an
experiment
result
B.
make
an
advertisement
for
OCEARCH
C.
remind
us
that
big
killers
are
dying
out
D.
inform
us
that
great
whites
are
making
a
comeback
D
The
worst
days
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
any
summer
are
the
rainy
ones.
We
spend
all
year
looking
forward
to
nice
weather
and
long,
hot
days.
In
winter,
with
its
cloudy
days
and
bitter
cold,
we
dream
of
those
days
at
the
beach,
lying
on
the
sand
and
enjoying
the
bright
and
burning
sun.
And
then,
summer
comes,
and
it
rains.

As
a
child,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I
would
wake
up
to
rainy
summer
days
and
come
close
to
crying.
It
wasn’t
fair.
We
suffered
through
months
of
school
and
experienced
bad
weather
for
those
short
ten
weeks
of
freedom.
On
those
rainy
summ
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er
days,
I
had
nothing
fun
to
do
and
could
only
sit
inside,
staring
out
at
the
rain
like
a
bird
in
a
cage.
I
was
an
only
child,
so
there
was
no
one
else
to
play
with.
My
father
worked
from
home,
so
I
was
not
truly
alone,
but
he
could
not
actively
play
with
me
since
he
was
at
work.
It
was
those
days
that
I
would
watch
whatever
was
on
television
or
read
any
books
that
I
could
find
lying
around.
I’d
pray
each
night
that
the
rain
would
not
be
there
the
next
day.

As
an
adult,
thou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh,
my
opinion
of
summer
rain
has
changed.
When
you
have
to
work
every
day,
summer
is
not
as
exciting.
Everything
seems
uninteresting.
Such
a
mindset
makes
you
cheer
for
anything
new
or
different.
I
spend
the
winter
dreaming
of
summer
and
the
summer
dreaming
of
winter.
When
summer
comes,
I
hate
how
hot
it
is.
And
then
I
look
forward
to
the
rain,
because
the
rain
brings
with
it
a
cold
front,
which
makes
me
comfortable.
Rainy
days
are
still
the
worst
days
of
the
summer,
but
summer
rain
today
means
positively
beautiful
—
and
quite
cooler
—
weather
tomorrow.
13.
When
the
author
was
a
child,
he
______.
A.
liked
staying
indoors
B.
hated
rainy
days
C. dreamed
on
summer
days
D.
preferred
cooler
weather
14.
We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
the
author
______.
A. could
enjoy
the
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rilliant
sun
in
winter
B.
preferred
reading
to
playing
outside
C. had
no
brothers
or
sisters
D.
was
often
left
alone
at
home
15.
As
an
adult,
the
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uthor
views
summer
rain
differently
because
______.
A.
his
summer
holi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )day
is
very
short
B.he
can
better
deal
with
his
spare
time
C.
he knows it
won’t
last
long
D.
rain
makes
the
weather
cooler
第二节、阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)（注意：如果选E图AB;选F图AC;选G图AD）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If
you
are
like
mos
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t international
students,
you
are
probably
pretty
comfortable
reading
and
writing
in
English,
but
not
as
comfortable
with
listening
and
speaking
in
the
language.
16
Make
friends
with
A
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )merican
students.
Many
international
students
end
up
making
friends
with
a
lot
of
—
or
only
—
other
international
students.
17
Hanging
out
with
natives
not
only
naturally
pushes
you
to
improve
your
spoken
English,
but
also
helps
you
pick
up
cultural
and
social
information.
Learn
from
Americ
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an
friends.
Tell
your
American
friends
that
you
are
trying
to
improve
your
listening
and
speaking
skills,
and
would
like
them
to
help
you.
If
you
pronounce
a
word
incorrectly,
or
misuse
an
idiom,
you
want
them
to
tell
you.
18
Increase
your
know
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ledge.
19
If
you
have
known
about
the
topics
that
are
likely
to
be
discussed
in
conversation,
you
have
a
much
better
chance
of
understanding
people
when
they
talk,
and
of
being
able
to
express
yourself
well.

20
If
you
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
explain
something
to
someone,
you
have
a
strong
desire
to
pronounce
everything
as
well
as
you
can,
and
find
other
ways
to
explain
yourself. Finally,
this
becomes
a
good
habit. Many
people
have
asked
me
how
I
learned
to
speak
English
fluently,
and
I
think
it
is
because
of
my
being
a
math
teacher
in
college
for
years.
A.
I
don’t
think
this
is
a
good
idea.
B.
You
will
learn
much
faster
this
way.
C.
If
possible,
become
a
teacher
at
your
school.
D.
It’s
a
win-win
opportunity
for
international
students.
E.
Read
books,
keep
up
with
news
and
watch
popular
shows
and
movies.
F.
It’s
a
good
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
way
to
make
some
extra
cash
while
improving
your
English.
G.
Below
are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )some
tips
to
help
you
to
improve
your
conversational
skills.
二、完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The
first
week
is
alw
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ays
a
bit
hard
in
my
writing
classes.
I’m
unfamiliar
21
the
students,
most
of
them
trying
to
22
themselves
to
their
new
environment.
When
Jennifer
23
me
a
question
on
the
second
day,
I
was
24
for
the
chance
to
connect
at
least
one
name
with
a
face.
Her
writing
wasn’t
per
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fect,
25
her
effort
was.
She
worked
hard
and
pushed
herself
to
achieve.
She
was
excited
to
26
,
which
made
me
enjoy
teaching
her.
I
didn’t
27
then
how
much
she
would
also
teach
me.
One
Friday
afternoon,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Jennifer
28
after
class.
She
wasn’t
asking
a
question
about
a
paper
I’d
returned.
29
,
she
said
quietly:
“I
didn’t
attend
classes
yesterday.
I
was
at
the
health
center
the
whole
day.”
I
gave
her
a
sideways
look,
30
.
“It
was
just
a
virus
(病毒).
I’m
fine
now,”
she
31
me.
Then
she
was
gone.
Two
nights
lat
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er,
her
father
called
to
tell
me
that
Jennifer
would
be
32
a
few
classes.
She
had
been
in
hospital
with
meningitis
(脑膜炎).
I
33
him
again
a
few
days
later,
and
again
after
that.
Her
condition
grew
worse.
We
made
trips
to
the
hospital
room.
I
was
34
frightened
when
I
saw
the
pale,
thin
and
weak
girl
who,
only
ten
days
earlier,
had
displayed
life
and
35
in
my
classroom.
A
week
later,
Je
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nnifer
herself
called
me
to
tell
me
she
was
on
the
road
to
36
.
“I’ll
be
back,”
she
said.
“I
have
no
37
,”
I
told
her,
fighting
back
tears.
I
remembered
what
her
father
had
said
in
his
first
phone
call:
“school
38
everything
to
Jenny.”
Then
five
weeks
later
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
I
walked
into
my
classroom
to
find
Jenny
in
her
seat,
smiling.
She
39
all
of
her
missed
homework,
completed
with
thought
and
excellence.
The
40
of
her
will
to
overcome
shone
out
of
her
pale,
weak,
eighteen-year-old
face.
21.
A.
for
B.
to
C.
with
D.
among
22.
A.
concentrate
B.
adapt
C.
replace
D.
adopt
23.
A.
provided
B.
bothered
C.
challenged
D.
asked
24.
A.
thankful
B.
prepared
C.
disappointed
D.
embarrassed
25.
A.
so
B.
or
C.
and
D.
but
26.
A.
receive
B.
contact
C.
learn
D.
give
27.
A.
realize
B.
argue
C.
care
D.
admit
28.
A.
went
ahead
B.
broke
into
C.
stopped
by
D.
took
off
29.
A.
However
B.
Instead
C.
Therefore
D.
Besides
30.
A.
shy
B.
astonished
C.
delighted
D.
excited
31.
A.
impressed
B.
supported
C.
attracted
D.
comforted
32.
A.
expecting
B.
imitating
C.
missing
D.
taking
33.
A.
heard
from
B.
came
across
C.
looked
for
D.
called
on
34.
A.
hardly
B.
mainly
C.
truly
D.
frequently
35.
A.
fear
B.
sadness
C.
shyness
D.
warmth
36.
A.
recovery
B.
success
C.
school
D.
attitude
37.
A.
idea
B.
doubt
C.
opinion
D.
influence
38.
A.
shares
B.
means
C.
creates
D.
exchanges
39.
A.
gave
up
B.
put
up
C.
left
out
D.
handed
in
40.
A.
strength
B.
information
C
.
comprehension
D.
achievement
第二卷（满分50分，注意答案需全部写在答题纸上）
三.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many
stories
happen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed
at
the
Children’s
Medical
Care
Center,
41
deeply
touched
us.
We
saw
a
lot
of
children
without
hair
because
of
their
treatment.
We
played
with
them
and
taught
them
to
draw
pictures.
They
suffered
great
pains,
42
were
very
friendly.
It
was
much
easier
to
communicate
with
them
than
we
43
(expect).
One
day,
a
girl
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uggested
44
(teach)
us
how
to
fold
paper.
She
taught
us
45
great
patience,
explaining
each
step
slowly
and
clearly.
Though
we
could
easily
do
that,
we
still
pretended
(假装)
to
know
nothing
about
it.
We
followed
her
and
did
everything
she
told
us.
Finally,
when
we
finished
our
work
46
(success),
she
gave
each
of
us
47
big
hug.
We
could
see
the
pride
and
happiness
on
her
face.
Her
father
was
48
thankful
to
us
that
he
held
our
hands
tightly,
tears
in his
eyes.
It
was
not
until
then
49
we
knew
the
girl
would
receive
an
operation
the
next
day.

It
was
really
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a valuable
experience
to
us
all.
We
began
to
think
about
how
to
deal
with
the
difficulties
in
life,
because
50
(compare)
with
what these
kids
are
going
through,
our
“troubles”
seem
not
worth
mentioning
at
all.
四、短文改错（共10处错误，每题1分，共10分）
假设你叫李英，失学却因得到在北京工作的一位美国人Mr.
Smith的赞助而重返校园，你想给他写一封英文信表示感谢。信的内容包括：
1.
自己一直努力学习。多亏老师和同学们的帮助，学习取得很大进步。
2.
决心继续努力，学好各门功课，为社会多做贡献。
3.
渴望见到Mr.
Smith，但没有机会去北京，希望给自己寄张照片。
注意：词数80左右（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。
Dear
Tom，
How
are
you
I
am
j
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust
writing
to
tell
you
I
had
wonderful
time
at
your
place
in
New
York.
I
arrived
home,
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )afely
and
sound.
I
have
something
to
ask
for
you.
I
have
been
looking
through
my
bags
for
my
favorite
red
shirt,
or
I
can't
find
it
anywhere.
I'm
sure
I
might
have
left
it
at
your
place.
Could
you
look
around
your
house
for
it
By
the
way,
I
am
p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lanning
Mom
and
Dad's
wedding
anniversary
celebration.
I
had
already
invited
you
and
your
parent.
I
wonder
whether
you
would
like
to
come
to
Chicago
this
time.
How
do
you
think
of
it
Take
care
of
you
an
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
write
to
me
soon.
Giving
my
regards
to
Uncle
Bernard
and
Aunt
Norah.
Love，
Diana
五、写作（满分25分）
假设你叫李英，失学却因得到在北京工作的一位美国人Mr.
Smith的赞助而重返校园，你想给他写一封英文信表示感谢。信的内容包括：
1.
自己一直努力学习。多亏老师和同学们的帮助，学习取得很大进步。
2.
决心继续努力，学好各门功课，为社会多做贡献。
3.
渴望见到Mr.
Smith，但没有机会去北京，希望给自己寄张照片。
注意：词数80左右（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。
Dear
Mr.
Smith，
I’m
glad
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have
received
your
money
and
gifts.
Now
I
can
go
to
school
again.
I
am
very
happy
and
thank
you
very
much._____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li
Ying
高2016级下学期期中考试答案
一、阅读理解
第一节、阅读理解
1-4
ABAD
5-8
CBBA
9-12
CADD
13-15
BCD
第二节、阅读填句
16.
AD　17.A　18.B　19.AB　20.C
二、完形填空
21-25
CBDAD
26-30
CACBB
31-35
DCACD
36-40
ABBDA
语法填空
41.
which
42.
but
43.
had
expected
44.
teaching
45.
with
46.
successfully
47.
a
48.
so
49.
that
50.
compared
四、短文改错
Dear
Tom，
How
are
you
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
I
am
just
writing
to
tell
you
I
had
wonderful
time
at
your
place
in
New
York.
I
arrived
home,
and
sound.
I
have
something
to
ask
you.
I
have
been
looking
through
my
bags
for
my
favorite
red
shirt,
I
can't
find
it
anywhere.
I'm
sure
I
have
left
it
at
your
place.
Could
you
look
around
your
house
for
it
By
the
way,
I
am
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )planning
Mom
and
Dad's
wedding
anniversary
celebration.
I
already
invited
you
and
your
.
I
wonder
whether
you
would
like
to
come
to
Chicago
this
time.
do
you
think
of
it
Take
care
of
and
write
to
me
soon.
my
regards
to
Uncle
Bernard
and
Aunt
Norah.
Love，
Diana
五、写作
Dear
Mr.
Smith，
I’m
glad
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have
received
your
money
and
gifts.
Now
I
can
go
to
school
again.
I
am
very
happy
and
thank
you
very
much.
I
have
b
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een
studying
hard
since
I
accepted
your
gifts.
Thanks
to
the
help
of
my
teachers
and
classmates，I
have
made
great
progress
in
my
studies.
I
have
made
up
my
mind
to
study
harder
than
before
to
learn
every
subject
well.
I
am
determined
to
make
great
contributions
to
society.
I’m
lookin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
forward
to
seeing
you，but
I
have
no
chance
to
go
to
Beijing
myself.
I
hope
you
can
post
me
a
photo
of
yours.
Best
wishes!
Yours
Li
Ying