吸星大法之中考复习
十、非谓语动词
Lectured by Yin Lucheng[Tom]
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
非谓语动词练习题
1．The policeman aske ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d us _____him send the old man to the hospital.[]
A. help B. helps
C. helping D. to help
2．I am happy with my old friends today.21世纪教育网版权所有
A. play B. to play
C. playing D. plays
3．The river is too wide for the swimmers _______________.21教育网
A .to swim B. to swim in
C. to swim across D. swimming
4．We all need partners _______.
A. to practice speaking English
B. practice speaking English with
C. to practice speaking English with
D. to practice to speak English
5．Ty to sing more Eng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lish songs , and you will find it interesting _______ a foreign language.
A. learning B. learn
C. to learn D. learns
6．Class is over. It’s time ______ you ______ a rest.21·cn·jy·com
A. to; to have B. for; have
C. to; have D. for; to have
7．It is very important for us_____ English well.
A. learn B. learning
C. to learn D. learned
8．His father advised me _____ it again.
A. try B. trying
C. to trying D. to try
9．He often plans_________ a very relaxing vacation.www.21-cn-jy.com
A. having B. have C. to havewww-2-1-cnjy-com
10．The workers were made _____ the whole day.
A. work B. to work
C. worked D. Working
11.—Jane's spoken English is pretty good.
—Yeah, she works hard and practices ________ it both in 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
and out of class.
A. spoke B. to speak C. Speaking2-1-c-n-j-y
12.—It's too cold today. Would you mind ______ the window 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
—Certainly not. Go ahead.
A. to close B. closing C. close D. Closed【出处：21教育名师】
13.—Have you read the book Jane Eyre
—Yes. It's a famous book and really worth ________. 【版权所有：21教育】
A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. Read
14.Kate, remember ________ for the sick to cheer them up. 21*cnjy*com
A. to sing B. not to sing C. Singing
15. —What does the sign mean
—It tells us________ in public.
A. didn't smoke B. don't smoke
C. not to smoke D. not smoke
16.—What would you like to do to relax
yourself
—I prefer ______ basketball rather than _____ magazines. 2·1·c·n·j·y
A. playing; reading B. to play; to read
C. play; read D. to play; read
17. —I feel upset because I am too heavy.
—________ do more exercise to lose some weight
A. Why don't B. Why not C. Why not to
18.
Mosquitoes(蚊 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子)can be seen everywhere all over the world, especially in summer. And there are more than 2,500 kinds of them.
__ _likes the mosquito, but the mosquito may like you. She thinks your blood is delicious. She Yes, she. It’s true that the male(雄性)mosquito doesn’t bite(咬)and only the female mosquito bites because she blood(血液)to lay eggs. She is always things or people she wants to bite. If she likes what she finds, she will bite. But if she doesn’t like your blood, she to someone else for more delicious blood. Next time a mosquito bites you, just remember you’re different from others.
If the mosquito li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kes you, she will land on your body letting you know. She bites you quickly and quietly that you may feel nothing. After she bites, you will have an itch(痒)on your body because she puts something from her mouth together with your blood. By the time the itch begins, she has .21*cnjy*com
And then what happens Well, after her delicious ,it’s dark. The mosquito feels . She just wants to find a place to have a good rest. There, on a leaf or a wall, she begins to lay eggs, eggs.
【1】A.Everyone B. No one C. Someone
【2】A.needs B. need C. want
【3】A.finding B. wants C. looking for
【4】A.will turn B. turns to C. turn
【5】A.with B. without C. after
【6】A.so B. such C. very
【7】A.flies away B. flew away C. flown away
【8】A.breakfast B. dinner C. lunch21教育名师原创作品
【9】A.tiring B. tired C. relaxing
【10】A.3 hundreds B. hundred of C. hundreds of
19.
There are some famous buildings that everyone can recognize. When you see a picture of a sports stadium that reminds you of a bird’s nest, you probably know it is the Olympic stadium in Beijing. When you see a picture of a famous concert hall that reminds you of a sailing ship, you probably know it is the Sydney Opera House in Australia. Buildings like these are easily recognized everywhere in the world. They were designed to look like other things if people use their imaginations.
Other buildings ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do not need any imagination. They are made to look exactly like other things. Sometimes, these buildings are offices, restaurants, or even houses. Three buildings built in this way are actually museums. The shape of the building is clue to the objects people can see inside.
In Guizhou, Chin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a, people can visit the Meitan Tea Museum, built in the shape of a giant teapot. There is also a second building next door that is shaped like a huge tea cup. From far away, the nine-story teapot-shaped museum looks like some kinds of giant work of art. But as one gets closer, the windows make it clear that this is a building.21·世纪*教育网
People who are interested in guitars might want to visit the Guitar Museum in Tennessee, USA. The three-story building is shaped like a guitar lying on its side. Inside, visitors can see all kinds of guitars as well as learn about famous guitar players.
One of the newest funny shaped museums is a pottery museum in Gyconggi, Korean museum, built in 2011, is shaped just like a traditional Korean pot, Along with seeing exam pots and tools used for making pots in the museum, visitors can try to make their own pots.
【1】Sydney Opera House look like_______and it is in Australia.
A. a bird’s nest
B. a sailing ship
C. a nice guitar
【2】People can visit th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e building in the shape of teapot__________.[]
A. in Guizhou, China
B. In Tennessee, USA
C. in Gycouggi, Korea
【3】The underlined word” giant” means “_________” in Chinese.
A.豪华的 B. 巨大的 C. 古老的
【4】Which is NOT true about the building that is shaped like a guitar 21cnjy.com
A. People can see all kinds of guitars inside of it.
B. You can find information about famous guitar players there.
C. The two-story building is shaped like a guitar lying on its side.
【5】The Olympi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c stadium and the Sydney Opera House are examples of ________.
A. buildings that look exactly like things in them
B. buildings that look like other things
C. buildings that look like famous things
★真题摘编
I think _______ necessary for you _______ breakfast.（2014）
A. this; have B. that; to have[]
C. it’s; to have D. it’s; have
非谓语动词
不定式to do
现在分词doing
过去分词done
作主语
作宾语
作主语被视为单数
作主语
作表语
作宾语
作宾补
作定语
作状语
宾从省略式
常被形主it代替
be+to do “是做”
被形宾it代替
省to不省
要后置，省介否
表目的，原因
疑问词+to do
判定:后有谓动
be doing“正在做”
have sth. done使被
be done“被做”
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 6 页 （共 6 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网吸星大法之中考复习
八、动词的时态
Lectured by Yin Lucheng[Tom]
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
原创笔记
I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：
非谓语形式 构成 特征和作用
时态和语态 否定式 复合结构
不定式 to doto be doing to have done to be doneto have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语
分词 现在分词 doinghaving done being donehaving been done 具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语
过去分词 done
动名词 doinghaving done being donehaving been done sb’s doing 具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语
II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较：
情况 常用动词
只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen
只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, miss, enjoy, i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )magine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider
can’t help, feel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to
两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）
need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）
意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事
意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）
try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing （意识是，意味着）
can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做）
III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：
常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句
不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成 I heard him call me several times.
have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make
现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio.
过去分词 动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed.
IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别：
区别 举例
不定式 与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生 I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.
动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系 Shall we go to the swimming pool
现在分词 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 the boiling water / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling leaves / the fallen leaves
过去分词 与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成
V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：
区别 举例
不定式 多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。 My dream is to become a teacher.To obey the law is important. (dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用)
动名词 与不定式的功能区别不大，然而 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。 It is no use saying that again and again.Teaching is my job.
分词 无名词的性质，不能做主语。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )但是有形容词的性 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。 The situation is encou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raging.The book is well written.(常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式)
非谓语动词练习题
1．The policeman asked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )us _____him send the old man to the hospital.21世纪教育网
A. help B. helps
C. helping D. to help
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析;题意：那个警察请我们帮着他把那个老人送到了医院。Ask sb to do sth请某人干某事。根据句意和短语的固定搭配，故选D。
2．I am happy with my old friends today.
A. play B. to play
C. playing D. plays
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：今天我很高兴和我的老朋友一起玩。be happy to do…，做……很高兴。据句意，故选B。
3．The river is too wide for the swimmers _______________.
A .to swim B. to swim in
C. to swim across D. swimming
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意:对于游泳者们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )来说，这条河太宽游不过去。本句中使用的句型是too…to ，太……而不能……，故这里应该用动词不定式形式。Swim是不及物动词，后面要接相应介词，故选C。
4．We all need partners _______.
A. to practice speaking English
B. practice speaking English with
C. to practice speaking English with
D. to practice to speak English
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析: 句意：我们需要练习讲 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英语的同伴。此题考查不定式作后置定语；还有practice doing sth练习做某事；和某人一起with；根据句意，故选C。
5．Ty to sing more Eng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lish songs , and you will find it interesting _______ a foreign language.
A. learning B. learn
C. to learn D. learns
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：尽量多唱英文歌，你会发 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )现学外语很有趣。这里的it是做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的"to learn a foreign language"。故选C
6．Class is over. It’s time ______ you ______ a rest.
A. to; to have B. for; have
C. to; have D. for; to have
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：It’s time fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r sb to do固定句型表示对于某人来说是做某事的时间了；句意：下课了，对于你来说是休息的时间了；结合句意，故选D
7．It is very important for us_____ English well.
A. learn B. learning
C. to learn D. learned
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意为：对我们来说学好英语很重要。It’s+形容词+for sb to do sth是固定的句型结构，表示“做某事对某人来说是怎么样的”。结合选项可知应选C。
8．His father advised me _____ it again.
A. try B. trying
C. to trying D. to try
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：advise sb to do sth表示建议某人去做某事；句意：他的父亲建议我在尝试一次。结合句意，故选D
9．He often plans_________ a very relaxing vacation.
A. having B. have C. to have
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：他常常计划过一个非常放松的假期。动词不定式做宾语表示具体的动作，结合语境可知选C。
10．The workers were made _____ the whole day.
A. work B. to work
C. worked D. working
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：工人们每天都要工 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作。make sb. do sth.使/让某人做某事，此结构变被动语态时，make后面省略的to要加上，故选B。
11.—Jane's spoken English is pretty good.
—Yeah, she works hard and practices ________ it both in
and out of class.
A. spoke B. to speak C. Speaking
【答案】C
【解析】practice doing sth. “练习做某事”。故选C。
12.—It's too cold today. Would you mind ______ the window
—Certainly not. Go ahead.
A. to close B. closing C. close D. Closed
【答案】B
【解析】Would you mind doing sth. ？“做某事你介意吗？”故选B。
13.—Have you read the book Jane Eyre
—Yes. It's a famous book and really worth ________.
A. to read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. reading C. to be read D. Read
【答案】B
【解析】be worth doing sth. “值得做某事”。故选B。
14.Kate, remember ________ for the sick to cheer them up.
A. to sing B. not to sing C. Singing
【答案】A
【解析】remember to d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o sth. 意为“记得去做某事”，事情还没有做；remember doing sth. 意为“记得做过某事”，事情已做。由题干中的to cheer them up可知事情还没有做。故选A。
15. —What does the sign mean
—It tells us________ in public.
A. didn't smoke B. don't smoke
C. not to smoke D. not smoke
【答案】C
【解析】tell sb. not to do sth. “告诉某人不要做某事”。故选C。
16.—What would you like to do to relax
yourself
—I prefer ______ basketball rather than _____ magazines.
A. playing; reading B. to play; to read
C. play; read D. to play; read
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。”故选D。
17. —I feel upset because I am too heavy.
—________ do more exercise to lose some weight
A. Why don't B. Why not C. Why not to
【解析】考查非谓语动词。Why not do sth. . . . “为什么不做某事”。故选B。
【答案】B
19.
Mosquitoes(蚊子)can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be seen everywhere all over the world, especially in summer. And there are more than 2,500 kinds of them.
__ _likes the mosquito, but the mosquito may like you. She thinks your blood is delicious. She Yes, she. It’s true that the male(雄性)mosquito doesn’t bite(咬)and only the female mosquito bites because she blood(血液)to lay eggs. She is always things or people she wants to bite. If she likes what she finds, she will bite. But if she doesn’t like your blood, she to someone else for more delicious blood. Next time a mosquito bites you, just remember you’re different from others.
If the mosquito li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kes you, she will land on your body letting you know. She bites you quickly and quietly that you may feel nothing. After she bites, you will have an itch(痒)on your body because she puts something from her mouth together with your blood. By the time the itch begins, she has .
And then what happens Well, after her delicious ,it’s dark. The mosquito feels . She just wants to find a place to have a good rest. There, on a leaf or a wall, she begins to lay eggs, eggs.
【1】A.Everyone B. No one C. Someone
【2】A.needs B. need C. want
【3】A.finding B. wants C. looking for
【4】A.will turn B. turns to C. turn
【5】A.with B. without C. after
【6】A.so B. such C. very
【7】A.flies away B. flew away C. flown away
【8】A.breakfast B. dinner C. lunch
【9】A.tiring B. tired C. relaxing
【10】A.3 hundreds B. hundred of C. hundreds of
【答案】BACAB ACBBC
【解析】
【文章主旨】本文介绍了四大害虫之一“蚊子”。当夜晚来临，她是如何完成吸血过程呢？
【1】由下句句意“但是蚊子喜欢你”，可知，上句意为“没有人喜欢蚊子”。
【2】need在此为行为动词“需要”。主语为第三人称，故用needs。
【3】考查词语辨析。Find意为“找到”强调结果；look for意为“寻找”，强调找的过程。
【4】if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用将来时态。
【5】由句意：她会停在你身上，不让你知道。
【6】so…that…意为“如此……以致……”，so后用形容词或副词。
【7】考查时态。By the time通常和现在完成时连用。
【8】由下句It’s dark可知是晚饭后。故用dinner。
【9】feel tired意为“感到疲倦”。
【10】hundreds of意为“成千上百的”。表示不确切的数字时，用数词的复数+of。
20.
There are some famous buildings that everyone can recognize. When you see a picture of a sports stadium that reminds you of a bird’s nest, you probably know it is the Olympic stadium in Beijing. When you see a picture of a famous concert hall that reminds you of a sailing ship, you probably know it is the Sydney Opera House in Australia. Buildings like these are easily recognized everywhere in the world. They were designed to look like other things if people use their imaginations.
Other build ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ings do not need any imagination. They are made to look exactly like other things. Sometimes, these buildings are offices, restaurants, or even houses. Three buildings built in this way are actually museums. The shape of the building is clue to the objects people can see inside.
In Guizhou, Chin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a, people can visit the Meitan Tea Museum, built in the shape of a giant teapot. There is also a second building next door that is shaped like a huge tea cup. From far away, the nine-story teapot-shaped museum looks like some kinds of giant work of art. But as one gets closer, the windows make it clear that this is a building.
People who are interested in guitars might want to visit the Guitar Museum in Tennessee, USA. The three-story building is shaped like a guitar lying on its side. Inside, visitors can see all kinds of guitars as well as learn about famous guitar players.
One of the newest funny shaped museums is a pottery museum in Gyconggi, Korean museum, built in 2011, is shaped just like a traditional Korean pot, Along with seeing exam pots and tools used for making pots in the museum, visitors can try to make their own pots.
【1】Sydney Opera House look like_______and it is in Australia.
A. a bird’s nest
B. a sailing ship
C. a nice guitar
【2】People ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n visit the building in the shape of teapot__________.21世纪教育网
A. in Guizhou, China
B. In Tennessee, USA
C. in Gycouggi, Korea
【3】The underlined word” giant” means “_________” in Chinese.
A.豪华的 B. 巨大的 C. 古老的
【4】Which is NOT true about the building that is shaped like a guitar
A. People can see all kinds of guitars inside of it.
B. You can find information about famous guitar players there.
C. The two-story building is shaped like a guitar lying on its side.
【5】The Olympic st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )adium and the Sydney Opera House are examples of ________.
A. buildings that look exactly like things in them
B. buildings that look like other things
C. buildings that look like famous things
【答案】BABCB
【解析】主旨大意：这篇短文主要介绍了世界各地的有趣的建筑。
【1】根据第一段When you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) see a picture of a famous concert hall that reminds you of a sailing ship, you probably know it is the Sydney Opera House in Australia.，描述，可知悉尼歌剧院像一条扬帆远行的船。故选B。
【2】根据短文第三段In Guiz ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hou, China, people can visit the Meitan Tea Museum, built in the shape of a giant teapot.描述，可知选A。
【3】联系后一句hat is shaped like a huge tea cup描述，可知此处指的是一个大茶壶。故选B。
【4】根据短文倒数第二段T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he three-story building is shaped like a guitar lying on its side. 描述，可知这是一座三层楼高的建筑。故选项C描述错误。
【5】根据短文第一段Build ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ings like these are easily recognized everywhere in the world. They were designed to look like other things if people use their imaginations.描述，可知鸟巢体育馆和悉尼歌剧院是仿生建筑的例子。故选B。
★真题摘编
I think _______ necessary for you _______ breakfast.（2014）
A. this; have B. that; to have21世纪教育网
C. it’s; to have D. it’s; have
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我认为对于你来说吃早餐是必要的。It is +形容词 + /for sb. +to do sth.结合句意，故选C
非谓语动词
不定式to do
现在分词doing
过去分词done
作主语
作宾语
作主语被视为单数
作主语
作表语
作宾语
作宾补
作定语
作状语
宾从省略式
常被形主it代替
be+to do “是做”
被形宾it代替
省to不省
要后置，省介否
表目的，原因
疑问词+to do
判定:后有谓动
be doing“正在做”
have sth. done使被
be done“被做”
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 1 页 （共 9 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网(共76张PPT)
Lectured by Tom
2017年吸心大法之中考复习
非谓语动词
目 录
1.思维导图【知识点】
2.思维导图【考点】
3.考点及习题
4.专题训练
非谓语动词
过去分词
现在分词
动词不定式
动名词
一、定义
不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。
二、形式
1. 动词不定式（to do sth. ）
2. 动名词（v. -ing）
现在分词（v. -ing)
3. 分词
过去分词（v. -ed或不规则变化）
考点一 动词不定式
动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。
功能 例句 说明
主语 To swim here is dangerous. 在这儿游泳是危险的。 动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语
表语 My job is to look after my sister. 我的工作是照看我妹妹。 多数情况下，动词不定式作表语，可转换为作主语
我们学过以下几种it作形式主语的句型：
⑵ It is十形容词十for sb. to do sth.
如果要强调to do sth. 的逻辑主语, 则用这个复合结构。
It’s easy for us to make mistakes.
⑶ It is十形容词十of sb. to do sth.
如果形容词是sb. 的一种特性, 如clever, good, nice, kind等,
It’s very kind of you to help me.
⑷ It takes (sb. )十时间十 to do sth. “做某事要花（某人）多少时间”,
It only took the students half an hour to walk to the town.
【链接中考】
（黑龙江省鸡西市）
—How long does it take your father ______ to work every day
—About half an hour.
A. drives B. driving C. to drive
功能 例句 说明
宾语 I want to be an actor. 我想成为一名演员。 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语
宾语 补足 语 She asked me to speak English. 她要求我说英语。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役动词后，不定式省略to
定语 Do you have anything to say 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面
状语 I come here to see you. 我来这里是为了见你。 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致
此外，不定式可以与疑问词连用, 用作主语、宾语、表语等。
①I can’t decide which one to buy.
我不能决定该买哪一件。（作宾语）
②When to start hasn’t been discussed.
什么时候开始还没有被讨论。（作主语）
【温馨提示】
(1)help后接不定式时可以省略to；
(2)有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to：feel, hear, see, watch, notice, let, make, have（简记为一感一听三看三让）。
上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上“to”。
【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
决心学会有希望（decide, determine, learn, wish, hope）,
同意计划莫假装(agree, plan, pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败（dare, refuse, fail）,
准备设法来帮忙(prepare, try, manage, help),
提供请求负担起(offer, beg, demand, afford),
答应安排理应当（promise, arrange, be supposed）,
以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。
【链接中考】
（北京市）
Granny often tells us ______ water in our daily life.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves
（湖北省黄石市）
—What would you like for breakfast
—I like hamburgers . But now I’d like ______ some cakes.
A. eating B. to eat C. to drink D. drinking
（吉林省通化市）
The woman made his son ______ finally after she told him some jokes.
A. laughed B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughing
（甘肃省兰州市）
We have two rooms ______, but I can’t decide ______.
A. to live, to choose which one B. lived, choose which one
C. to live in, which one to choose D. live, which one
【链接中考】
（黑龙江省哈尔滨市）
As teenagers, we’re old enough _______ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms.
A. to help B. helping C. helped
知识拓展
动名词
命题特点
题型
重点考查
单项选择或动词运用
复习指导
熟记动名词的基本知识
学会分析句子结构，确定设空处充当的语法成分
克服定向思维，不受汉语影响
动名词作宾语
动名词作主语
通过考查动词的用法，考查学生在具体的语境中灵活运用动词的能力
牢记动名词的固定搭配
动名词和不定式的区别
考点二 动名词
动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
功能 例句 说明
主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多对你的健康有害处。 谓语动词用单数
宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。 表示习惯性的动作
Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。
某些动词后
某些动词短语后
动名词作宾语
A
B
某些连词作介词
D
某些介词后
C
【巧学妙记】喜欢（enjoy)不断(keep)提建议（suggest)
盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)
想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)
忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)
后接动词-ing
My grandfather kept telling jokes and I couldn’t help laughing.
爷爷不停地讲笑话，我忍不住笑了。
【链接中考】
（广西省梧州市）
English is very important, so I practice _______ it very hard.
A. speaks B. to speak
C. speaking D. speak
功能 例句 说明
表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语
定语 Bill is in the reading room. 比尔在阅览室里。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等
【温馨提示】
部分动词既可接动名词作宾语，又可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别较大。
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做）
forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事（未做）
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
need doing sth. 需要做某事（被动含义）
need to do sth. 需要去做某事（主动含义）
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
hear/see sb. doing sth. 听见/看见某人正在做某事
hear/see sb. do sth. 听见/看见某人做了某事
5. 初中阶段常见的后跟动名词的动词短语能接动名词的短语有：
be busy 忙于 be worth 值得 can’t help 禁不住 give up 放弃
think of 考虑 be used to 习惯 feel like 想要
stop／keep…from 阻止
be good at 擅长 be interested in 对…感兴趣 succeed in 成功
look forward to 盼塑 等。如：
We look forward to seeing you again. 我们期待着与你再次相见。
Have you given up drinking whisky before breakfast 你在早餐以前已不喝威士忌了吗
当need，require，want作“需要”讲时，后接动词 ing形式主动式等于不定式的被动式。
The window needs cleaning.
＝The window needs to be cleaned.
那扇窗户需要被清洗。
【链接中考】
（广西省定西市）
The boy is looking forward to a good time after the exam.
A. to have B. has C. having D. have
突破方法
方法一 强化记忆法
初中阶段考查不定式和动名词主要集中在一些常考词如make, finish等，所以对那些词后跟不定式，那些词后跟动名词要强化记忆。
【例题】
(2015黄冈)— China is getting better and better at making high technology products.
—That's right. People around the world can hardly avoid______products made in China.
A. not buying B. not to buy C. to buy D. buying
【解析】选D。考查动名词。句意: ——中国在制造高科技产品方面越来越好了。 ——是的，全世界的人几乎都不可避免买到中国制造的产品。avoid 后跟动名词作宾语，故选D。
突破方法
方法二 正确翻译发法
无论什么题目，翻译句子，弄懂句意都是必要的。尤其是 对标志词不明显的题目。
【例题】
(2015·南宁)The WWF IS working hard ______the animals in danger.
A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved
【解析】选B。考查动词不定式。句意：世界自然基金会正在努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。由句意及句式结构可知此处应用不定式作目的状语。。
考点三 分词
1. 分词的构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
2. 分词的句法功能
功能 例句 说明
定语 ①Do you know the boy playing football 你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗？ ②Please hand in your written exercise. 请交上你的笔试练习。 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词
状语 ①The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。 ②Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful. 从小山上看，我们的学校显得更美丽了。 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语
功能 例句 说明
表语 ①The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。 ②I’m interested in the book. 我对这本书感兴趣。 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态
补 足 语 ①Don’t keep me waiting for a long time. 别让我等很长时间。 ②I had my hair cut last night. 昨天晚上我理发了。 现在分词作补足语, 被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系)
【链接中考】
(山东省潍坊市)
At least 300 million people are using QQ ______ by Ma Huateng to chat on line.
A. create B. creates
C. creating D. created
非谓语动词
(训练时间：45分钟 分值：50分)
一、单项选择(40分)
1. I will try my best to stop my son from ________ the same
mistake.
A. make B. made C. makes D. making
【解析】stop sb. from doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”。故选D。
【答案】D
2. (2016·上海)After she finished ________ the story，Alice
wrote a review for her school newspaper.
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
【解析】finish doing sth. “结束做某事”。故选D。
【答案】D
3. (2016·济宁)The show was so funny that it made everyone
________ again and again.
A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh
【解析】make sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”。故选A。
【答案】A
4. Mr. Smith told his son _____ the football match because of
the exam.
A. not to watch B. to not watch
C. not watching D. doesn't watch
【解析】tell sb. not to do sth. “告诉某人不要做某事”。故选A。
【答案】A
5. (2016·广东)Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor,
was always expecting ____ an Oscar and finally he made it.
A. to win B. will win
C. not to win D. not winning
【解析】expect to do sth. “期待做某事”。故选A。
【答案】A
6. (2016·雅安)Our teacher often asks us________time.
A. not waste B. don't waste
C. not to waste D. doesn't waste
【解析】ask sb. not to do sth. “要求某人不要做某事”。故选C。
【答案】C
7. —Why don't you watch TV at home
—I'd love to, but my mother doesn't allow me _______ that.
A. do B. did C. to do D. doing
【解析】allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”。
【答案】C
8. (2016·邵阳)She said she hoped ________ her daughter.
【导学号35490069】
A. to see B. you to see C. seeing
【解析】hope后接动词时要用不定式形式，hope后不能直接跟名词作宾语。故选A。
【答案】A
9. (2016·长春)I bought a big box ________ books for kids in
poor areas.
A. collects B. to collect C. collect D. collected
【解析】由句意“我买了一个大箱子，目的是为贫困地区的孩子收集书。”可知，此处表目的，要用不定式。故选B。
【答案】B
10. The new treatments ________by Norman Bethune helped
a number of soldiers.
A. invent B. invents
C. inventing D. invented
【解析】由句意可知，用过去分词短语invented by Norman Bethune作后置定语修饰名词treatments。故选D。
【答案】D
11. (2016·天津)I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling
offered ________ me to watch an opera.
A. took B. takes C. to take D. taking
【解析】offer to do sth. “主动提出做某事”。故选C。
【答案】C
12. —Wow, Wendy, it's cool to make a short video with your
mobile phone.
—Just with a software called Meipai. Let me show you
__________.
A. which to use B. how to use it
C. what to use D. where to use it
【解析】由句意“哇，温迪，用你的手机拍短的录像真是太酷了。”“只是用了一个叫美拍的软件罢了，让我向你展示怎样使用它吧。”可知，应使用how to use it“怎样使用它”。故选B。
【答案】B
13. (2016·重庆A)You should ask Bob _______ his own clothes.
He is ten years old now.
A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to wash
【解析】ask sb. to do sth. “要求某人做某事”。故选D。
【答案】D
14. (2016·龙东)Though she often makes her little brother
________， she was made ________ by him this morning.
A. cry ; to cry B. to cry ; cry C. cry ; cry
【解析】make sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”，变被动语态时要用be made to do sth. 。故选A。
【答案】A
15. —Some children can't afford ______ necessary stationery.
—Let's donate our pocket money to them.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. be bought
【解析】afford to do sth. “有足够的钱做某事”。
【答案】C
16. Paul made a nice cage___the little sick bird till it could fly.
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
【解析】动词不定式在此作目的状语。故选D。
【答案】D
17. A lot of people dance on the square _______ after dinner.
A. to keep healthy B. kept healthy
C. keeps healthy D. keep healthy
【解析】句意为“晚饭后，许多人在广场上跳舞来保持健康。”所以要用动词不定式短语to keep healthy作目的状语。故选A。
【答案】A
18. (2016·重庆B)Taiji is my favorite and I often play it _____
healthy.
A. to keep B. keeps C. keeping D. kept
【解析】句意为“我最喜欢太极拳，我经常练太极来保持健康。”动词不定式表目的。故选A。
【答案】A
19. (2016·长沙)—Jane's spoken English is pretty good.
—Yeah, she works hard and practices ________ it both in
and out of class.
A. spoke B. to speak C. speaking
【解析】practice doing sth. “练习做某事”。故选C。
【答案】C
20. Alan often goes to the old people's home _________ up the
old and look after them.
A. to cheer B. cheer C. cheers
【解析】句意为“Alan经常去敬老院逗老年人开心并照顾他们。”由语境可知，此处指去敬老院的目的。表目的时常用不定式。故选A。
【答案】A
21. —It's too cold today. Would you mind ______ the window
—Certainly not. Go ahead.
A. to close B. closing C. close D. closed
【解析】Would you mind doing sth. ？“做某事你介意吗？”故选B。
【答案】B
22. (2016·临沂)These people dress themselves in bloody
shark suits. They tell people ________ shark fins in order
to protect sharks.
A. eat B. to eat C. not eat D. not to eat
【解析】tell sb. not to do sth. “告诉某人不要做某事”。故选D。
【答案】D
23. (2016·南京)—Have you read the book Jane Eyre
—Yes. It's a famous book and really worth ________.
A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. read
【解析】be worth doing sth. “值得做某事”。故选B。
【答案】 B
24. The traffic signs warn people ________ after drinking.
A. to drive B. not to drive
C. driving D. don't drive
【解析】warn sb. not to do sth. “警告某人不要做某事”。故选B。
【答案】B
25. (2016·丹东)—You never miss one minute in class.
—You know, we must listen to the teacher carefully _____.
A. take notes B. taking notes
C. to take notes D. takes notes
【解析】句意为“我们必须认真听讲，以便做好笔记。”动词不定式表目的。故选C。
【答案】C
26. Kate, remember ________ for the sick to cheer them up.
A. to sing B. not to sing C. singing
【解析】remember to do sth. 意为“记得去做某事”，事情还没有做；remember doing sth. 意为“记得做过某事”，事情已做。由题干中的to cheer them up可知事情还没有做。故选A。
【答案】A
27. (2016·青岛)We have worked so long. Shall we stop _____
a rest
A. have B. to having C. having D. to have
【解析】stop to do sth. “停止正在做的事去做别的事”；stop doing sth. “停止正在做的事”。根据“我们工作那么长时间了。”可知，“我们停下来休息一下好吗？”故选D。
【答案】D
28. I was tired out, so I stopped the car ________ a short rest.
A. have B. having C. to have D. had
【解析】结合本题语境可知，我太累了，所以我停车短暂休息了一下。此处要用动词不定式在句中作目的状语，故选C。
【答案】C
29. (2016·西宁)I hope everyone can care about ________ the
environment and stop ________ things.
A. protecting; wasting B. protecting; to waste
C. protect; wasting D. protect; to waste
【解析】care about doing sth. “关心做某事”；stop to do sth. “停止正在做的事去做别的事”；stop doing sth. “停止正在做的事”。句意为“我希望每个人都可以关心保护环境并停止浪费东西。”故选A。
【答案】A
30. In order _______ for the meeting, my sister forced herself
to get up early this morning.
A. not to be late B. not being late
C. to be late D. being late
【解析】in order to do sth. “为了做某事”，其否定形式为in order not to do sth. 。
【答案】A
31. —What does the sign mean
—It tells us________ in public.
A. didn't smoke B. don't smoke
C. not to smoke D. not smoke
【解析】tell sb. not to do sth. “告诉某人不要做某事”。故选C。
【答案】C
32. It's necessary for us _______ to our parents when we have
problems.
A. to talk B. talking C. talk
【解析】“It is＋adj. ＋for sb. to do sth. ”是固定句式，意为“做某事对于某人来说是……”，故选A。
【答案】A
33. (2016·苏州)Our teacher often advises us ______the habit
of making notes while reading.
A. to develop B. develop
C. to developing D. developing
【解析】advise sb. to do sth. “建议某人做某事”。故选A。
【答案】A
34. He is busy working at school, but he never forgets ______
his mom a phone call every day.
A. giving B. to give C. give D. gives
【解析】forget to do sth. “忘记去做某事”(还没做)，forget doing sth. “忘记做某事”(已经做过)。句意为“他正忙于学校的工作，但是他从来没有忘记每天给他妈妈打一个电话。”故选B。
【答案】B
35. (2016·兰州)The fridge doesn't work. Why not consider
________ a new one
A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying
【解析】考查固定搭配。consider doing sth. 意为“考虑做某事”。故选D。
【答案】D
36. We should keep on ________ English every day.
A. to practice to speak
B. to practice speaking
C. practicing to speak
D. practicing speaking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。keep on doing sth. “一直做某事”；practice doing sth. “练习做某事”。故选D。
【答案】D
37. (2016·乌鲁木齐)—What would you like to do to relax
yourself
—I prefer ______ basketball rather than _____ magazines.
A. playing; reading B. to play; to read
C. play; read D. to play; read
【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。”故选D。
【答案】D
38. (2016·郴州)—I feel upset because I am too heavy.
—________ do more exercise to lose some weight
A. Why don't B. Why not C. Why not to
【解析】考查非谓语动词。Why not do sth. . . . “为什么不做某事”。故选B。
【答案】B
39. Martin was so busy ________ the old that he gave up his
part time job.
A. helping B. helped C. to help D. help
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth. “忙着做某事”。故选A。
【答案】A
40. (2016·恩施)—Why did she shout just now
—The traffic was too noisy and she had to make herself
________ clearly.
A. hear B. hearing C. heard
【解析】考查非谓语动词。“make oneself＋过去分词”意为“使自己被……”。故选C。
【答案】C
