吸星大法之中考复习
十一、定语从句
Lectured by Yin Lucheng [Tom]
定语从句练习题
1．I don’t like people ______ talk much but do little.21世纪教育网版权所有
A. who B. that
C. which D. whose
2．He is always the first boy ____ gets to school.
A. who B. which C./ D. that
3．The picture _____ you like best _____ by Li Wei.21·cn·jy·com
A. that; draw B. that; drew
C. which; drew D. which; is drawn
4．—Can you lend me the novel ________ you talked about the other day
—Oh, you mean the novel from Liuliu. No problem!
A. which B. what
C. who D. where
5．That’s the girl _____ spirit is spread the whole area.[]21*cnjy*com
A. whom B. whose C. who D. that【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
6．Great Britain is o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne of the countries ____ people drive on the left.【版权所有：21教育】
A. where B. that C. which D. there21教育名师原创作品
7．He is one of the cleverest students ________ hard work was paid in the end.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
8．Three years has pas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed, but we can’t forget the people _________ helped me a lot in the past.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
9．There is no dictionary _______you can find everything.21cnjy.com
A. that B. which C. where D. in that
10．--Do you still remember the days ________ we spent in the country 21·世纪*教育网
--Yes, of course, they were peaceful and relaxing.2-1-c-n-j-y
A. where B. when C. who D.that21*cnjy*com
11.
Jenny, from Germany, spent some time traveling in India. While she was there, she stayed with her Indian friend, Leela. However, there was a language barrier(障碍) for her there. It was very for her to communicate in the new environment, which was very different from of her own country.
One day, together with Leela, Jenny went to an orphanage(孤儿院). All the children there were very young. At first, Jenny was not sure if she could have a way to communicate with them. She went over to the children and sat beside them. After some time, one of the children her. She felt a little relaxed and smiled back. Then she went close to the child. She slowly put her arm around the child and started a song in German. The child kept smiling and started repeating the words after her. The words that came from the little mouth were different from those that Jenny sang, but the rhythm(节奏) was the same. Jenny sat a little more and the child followed her again. Wanting to join in the , another child went up to Jenny and started singing the rhythm. Then more children joined. They many smiles together.
From the other side ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the hall, Leela was smiling and watching them. Noticing Leela’s on her, Jenny had an exciting feeling from her heart: “See, I don’t have any language barriers here. We speak and communicate!” At that moment, she understood: we’re all simple human, and we have the ability to connect with each other.21教育网
【1】A. nice B. dangerous C. difficult D. easy
【2】A. these B. those C. this D. that
【3】A. show B. visit C. build D. improve
【4】A. slowly B. early C. hardly D. easily
【5】A. looked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at B. laughed at C. shouted at D. smiled at
【6】A. singing B. writing C. saying D. playing
【7】A. club B. talk C. fun D. dance
【8】A. forgot B. remembered C. shared D. missed
【9】A. hands B. eyes C. influence D. question
【10】A. can B. must C. need D. should
12.
What should you take in with you when you take an exam Pen, pencil, eraser, ruler…, and don’t forget a bottle of water!www.21-cn-jy.com
According to a study ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at the British Psychological ( 心理学的) Society Annual Conference held in London, students who bring water into exams may improve their grades by up to 10 percent.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Scientists a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the University of East London and the University of Westminster, UK, did a study on 447 students. The students were studying for different degrees (学历) at the University of East London. Only 25 percent of them entered the exam hall with something to drink.
Scientists ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )then compared their exam results with their normal schoolwork grades. They found that all those who had brought drinks with them got better grades by between 2 and 10 percent.
It is unclear why drinking water improves exam results. But scientists say having enough water in our bodies and not feeling thirsty could have a helpful effect on our brains. Drinking water may also cut down on anxiety ( 焦虑), which has a bad effect on exam performances, according to Chris Pawson, PhD, of the University of East London.【出处：21教育名师】
“Whatever the expl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anation, it is clear that students should try hard to stay hydrated (含水的)with water during exams,” he said.
So next time, when ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you are going to have a big exam, try bringing a bottle of water with you.Who knows – it may help you pass the exam!
【1】How much may t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he students improve their grades most if they bring water into exams
A. By2%. B. By8%.
C. By10%. D. By25%.
【2】How many students in the study got better grades
A. About112 students who brought drinks or water into their exams.www-2-1-cnjy-com
B. All the447 students who come from the University of East London.
C. About300 students who took part in the study.
D. About10 percent of the students who studied different subjects.
【3】The underlined phrase “cut down on” probably means _______.
A. increase B. bring
C. reduce D. change
【4】According to the passage, how does water help students in exams
a. It is good for their brains.
b. It makes students smarter.
c. It helps students stay cool.
d. It helps students stay awake.
A. a b B. a c
C. b c D. c d
【5】Where can you probably read the article
A. Fashion magazine. []
B. Text book.
C. Travel guide.
D. Newspaper.
★真题摘编
--- Can I use the bike_______ you bought yesterday （2014）2·1·c·n·j·y
--- Certainly.
A. what B. which C. who
定语从句
引导词
特殊情况
注意事项
先行词是人，用who
先行词非人，用which
宾格whom
用that不用which的条件
用which不用that的条件
无引导词：先行词在定从中作宾语，引导词可省略
先行词在定从中作主语，定从谓动单复数由先行词决定
one of+复数名词，作先行词，谓动用复数
the (only) one of, the very/right+复数名词，作先行词，谓动用单数
作定语的句子，即“的”
可以作名词或代词的定语
万能钥匙that
定语
形容词
介词短语
非谓语动词短语
前置I have a good friend.
后置I want to do something interesting.
后置The boy in white is my friend.
后置I don’t have a house to live in.
修饰名词或代词的成分
常译为“的”
句子
后置I like students who like English.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 5 页 （共 5 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网吸星大法之中考复习
十一、定语从句
Lectured by Yin Lucheng[Tom]
原创笔记
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：
情况 用法说明 例句
只用that的情况 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被the only, the very修饰时句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech
只用which, who, whom的情况 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as与which的区别：
定语从句 区别 例句
限制性定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
类别 语法意义及特征 例句
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明，与主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
定语从句练习题
1．I don’t like people ______ talk much but do little.
A. who B. that
C. which D. whose
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我不喜欢只说不做的人。 A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). who谁，B. that那个，C. which哪一个，D. whose谁的。先行词people是人，引导词在定语从句做主语，据题意，故选A。
2．He is always the first boy ____ gets to school.
A. who B. which C./ D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析: 句意：他总是第一个到校的男孩。此题考查定语从句，因为名词前有序数词first修饰，所以用that。故选D。
3．The picture _____ you like best _____ by Li Wei.
A. that; draw B. that; drew
C. which; drew D. which; is drawn
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析: 句意：你最喜欢的那张图片是李伟画 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的。此题考查定语从句和被动语态，因为the picture是物，又因为图画是被李伟画的。主语+be+过去分词，故选D。21世纪教育网
4．—Can you lend me the novel ________ you talked about the other day
—Oh, you mean the novel from Liuliu. No problem!
A. which B. what
C. who D. where
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：你能借给我你前天谈论的那部小说吗？ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )哦，你是指刘流写的小说。没问题。先行词novel是物，定语从句的关系代词应用that或which, what不能引导定语从句，where在那里，做地点状语，故选A。
5．That’s the girl _____ spirit is spread the whole area.21世纪教育网
A. whom B. whose C. who D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：就是那个女孩，她的精神被传播到整个地区。在定语从句中，当关系词在从句中作定语时用whose，故选B。
6．Great Britai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n is one of the countries ____ people drive on the left.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意:英国是按左边行驶 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的国家之一。这里考查的是定语从句。where 是关系副词，表示地点；that 关系代词，在从句中做主语或宾语；which关系代词，在从句中做主语或宾语；there那里，是副词。这个定语从句中缺少的是地点状语，所以选A。
7．He is one of the cleverest students ________ hard work was paid in the end.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意:他是最聪明的学生之一，他的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )努力工作最后得到了回报。本题考查定语从句的引导词，关系词替代先行词在从句中做了定语，只能选whose。故选C。
8．Three years has p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assed, but we can’t forget the people _________ helped me a lot in the past.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：三年过去了，但是我忘不了过去那些帮助过我的人。先行词是人，关系词在句子中做主语，所以选who。
9．There is no dictionary _______you can find everything.
A. that B. which C. where D. in that
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：这儿没有一本字典可供你找到一切。先行词 dictionary 在定语从句中作地点状语。选C
10．--Do you still remember the days ________ we spent in the country
--Yes, of course, they were peaceful and relaxing.
A. where B. when
C. who D.that
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：--你依然记得我们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在乡下一起度过的日子吗？--是，当然记得，它们是平和的和放松的。这是定语从句，先行词为days，在从句中做spent宾语，故选 D
11.
Jenny, from Germany, spent some time traveling in India. While she was there, she stayed with her Indian friend, Leela. However, there was a language barrier(障碍) for her there. It was very for her to communicate in the new environment, which was very different from of her own country.
One day, together with Leela, Jenny went to an orphanage(孤儿院). All the children there were very young. At first, Jenny was not sure if she could have a way to communicate with them. She went over to the children and sat beside them. After some time, one of the children her. She felt a little relaxed and smiled back. Then she went close to the child. She slowly put her arm around the child and started a song in German. The child kept smiling and started repeating the words after her. The words that came from the little mouth were different from those that Jenny sang, but the rhythm(节奏) was the same. Jenny sat a little more and the child followed her again. Wanting to join in the , another child went up to Jenny and started singing the rhythm. Then more children joined. They many smiles together.
From the other ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )side of the hall, Leela was smiling and watching them. Noticing Leela’s on her, Jenny had an exciting feeling from her heart: “See, I don’t have any language barriers here. We speak and communicate!” At that moment, she understood: we’re all simple human, and we have the ability to connect with each other.
【1】A. nice B. dangerous C. difficult D. easy
【2】A. these B. those C. this D. that
【3】A. show B. visit C. build D. improve
【4】A. slowly B. early C. hardly D. easily
【5】A. looked at B. laughed at C. shouted at D. smiled at
【6】A. singing B. writing C. saying D. playing
【7】A. club B. talk C. fun D. dance
【8】A. forgot B. remembered C. shared D. missed
【9】A. hands B. eyes C. influence D. question
【10】A. can B. must C. need D. should
【答案】CDBAD ACCBA
【解析】短文大意：这篇短文主要介绍了珍妮在印度旅行，语言不通，在经过和一群孩子们进行交流之后，重拾信心的故事。
【1】联系前一句描述，可知此处指的是在新环境中交流对她来说很困难。故选C，困难的。
【2】联系上下文，可知此处指示代词指代的是她在自己国家交流这件事情，抽象事物，故用指示代词that，选D。
【3】动词辨析。A. 说明，展出；B.参观，访问；C.建造，建立；D.改善，提高。联系下文，可知此处指的是他们去参观一家孤儿院。故选B。
【4】副词辨析. A. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )慢慢地;B. 提早,在初期;C. 简直不,几乎不;D. 容易地.结合语境可知此处指的是我慢慢地走到孩子们身边.故选A.
【5】联系后一句描述,可知此处指的是其中一个孩子对她微笑了.故选D,对……微笑。
【6】联系下文，可知此处指的是开始用德语唱一首歌。故选A，唱。
【7】名词辨析。A.俱乐部；B.谈话；C.乐趣，娱乐；D.舞蹈。联系前文描述，可知此处指的是唱歌这件趣事。故选C。
【8】动词辨析。A.忘记；B. 记得，记起；C.分享；D.想念，错过。结合语境可知此处指的是，他们分享了许多微笑。故选C。
【9】名词辨析。A. 手；B. 眼睛；C. 影响；D. 问题，疑问。联系前一句描述，可知此处指的是里拉用眼睛看着她。故选B。
【10】情态动词辨析。A.能，能够；B. 必须，一定；C. 需要；D. 应该。结合语境可知此处指的是，我们能够进行交流了。故选A。
12.
What should you take in with you when you take an exam Pen, pencil, eraser, ruler…, and don’t forget a bottle of water!
According to a s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tudy at the British Psychological ( 心理学的) Society Annual Conference held in London, students who bring water into exams may improve their grades by up to 10 percent.
Scientists ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at the University of East London and the University of Westminster, UK, did a study on 447 students. The students were studying for different degrees (学历) at the University of East London. Only 25 percent of them entered the exam hall with something to drink.
Scientists then ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )compared their exam results with their normal schoolwork grades. They found that all those who had brought drinks with them got better grades by between 2 and 10 percent.
It is unclear why drinking water improves exam results. But scientists say having enough water in our bodies and not feeling thirsty could have a helpful effect on our brains. Drinking water may also cut down on anxiety ( 焦虑), which has a bad effect on exam performances, according to Chris Pawson, PhD, of the University of East London.
“Whatever the e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xplanation, it is clear that students should try hard to stay hydrated (含水的)with water during exams,” he said.
So next time, wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en you are going to have a big exam, try bringing a bottle of water with you.Who knows – it may help you pass the exam!
【1】How much m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay the students improve their grades most if they bring water into exams
A. By2%. B. By8%.
C. By10%. D. By25%.
【2】How many students in the study got better grades
A. About112 students who brought drinks or water into their exams.
B. All the447 students who come from the University of East London.
C. About300 students who took part in the study.
D. About10 percent of the students who studied different subjects.
【3】The underlined phrase “cut down on” probably means _______.
A. increase B. bring
C. reduce D. change
【4】According to the passage, how does water help students in exams
a. It is good for their brains.
b. It makes students smarter.
c. It helps students stay cool.
d. It helps students stay awake.
A. a b B. a c
C. b c D. c d
【5】Where can you probably read the article
A. Fashion magazine. 21世纪教育网
B. Text book.
C. Travel guide.
D. Newspaper.
【答案】CACBD21世纪教育网]
【解析】
试题分析：短文大意：这篇短文主要讲述了水对于提高学生成绩的作用，并举例进行了说明，最后建议学生在参加考试时，带一瓶水。
【1】细节理解题。根据短文第二段描述，可知带水参加考试的学生成绩能提高百分之十左右，故选C。
【2】分析计算题。根据a study on 447 students.…… Only 25 percent of them entered the exam hall with something to drink.……They found that all those who had brought drinks with them got better grades by between 2 and 10 percent.计算可知，447×25%≈112(人)，故选A。
【3】词义猜测题。联系下文wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ich has a bad effect on exam performances 描述，可知喝水可能也能减少焦虑，故选C，削减，减少。
【4】细节理解题。根据短文倒数第三段描述，可知水对大脑有好处，也能减少焦虑，故选B。
【5】推理判断题。这篇短文主要讲述了水对于提 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )高学生成绩的作用，并举例进行了说明，最后建议学生在参加考试时，带一瓶水。故可能出自一篇新闻报道，选D。
★真题摘编
--- Can I use the bike_______ you bought yesterday （2014）
--- Certainly.
A. what B. which C. who
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：--我可以用一下你昨 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )天买的自行车吗 —当然可以。这里是定语从句，先行词是bike；从句中缺少的是宾语，what不能引导定语从句；who的先行词是人。故选B。
定语从句
引导词
特殊情况
注意事项
先行词是人，用who
先行词非人，用which
宾格whom
用that不用which的条件
用which不用that的条件
无引导词：先行词在定从中作宾语，引导词可省略
先行词在定从中作主语，定从谓动单复数由先行词决定
one of+复数名词，作先行词，谓动用复数
the (only) one of, the very/right+复数名词，作先行词，谓动用单数
作定语的句子，即“的”
可以作名词或代词的定语
万能钥匙that
定语
形容词
介词短语
非谓语动词短语
前置I have a good friend.
后置I want to do something interesting.
后置The boy in white is my friend.
后置I don’t have a house to live in.
修饰名词或代词的成分
常译为“的”
句子
后置I like students who like English.
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Lectured by Tom
2017年吸心大法之中考复习
定语从句
目 录
1.思维导图【知识点】
2.思维导图【考点】
3.考点及习题
4.专题训练
高频考向一 定语从句的关系词
定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词when，where，why等引出。
①who，whom，that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他是想见你的那个人吗？
He is the man(who/whom/that)I saw yesterday.他是昨天我看到的那个人。
人 主 who 关系代词 引导词
人 宾 whom 物 主/宾 which 人/物 主/宾 that 人/物 定 whose=of whom人 =of which物 时间 状 when=in which/ on which=at which 关系副词 地点 状 where=in which/ at which 原因 状 why=for which
定语从句的连接词考点
（关系副词、关系代词）
基础考点:
对人、物分别做主格、宾格的考点
（主格两个写法、宾格四个写法）
That问题（1、that对主格、宾格互换
2、that的三加三不加）
连接词的省略问题（必须同时满足
对宾格提问、介词后置)
宾格时的介词前置与后置
关系代词与关系副词的区别
(where为代表的重点句型）
②which，that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
The coat(that/which)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。
③whose用来指人或物，在句中只用作定语，如：
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。
④关系副词有when，where，why，它们在句中作状语。如：
I'll never forget the days when we studied together.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。
This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.这是我爸十年前工作的城市。
Do you know the reason why he was late for school
你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？
【例1】 —Which song do you like better，Lucy
—I prefer the song Little Apple ________ can attract many people.
A．which B．who C．whom D．where
解析：分析答语可知，此句为含有定语从句的主从复合句，空格处在定语从句中作主语，且指代前面表示物的名词song，故用关系代词which/that。句意为“露西，你更喜欢哪首歌？”“我更喜欢《小苹果》这首歌，它能吸引许多人。”
【例2】 Everyone ________ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.
A．why B．whose C．who D．which
解析：从句子结构看，题干是含有定语从句的复合句。why作引导词，其先行词一般为reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语；whose引导定语从句，通常在从句中作定语，故排除A、B两项；先行词表示人，用引导词who，先行词表示物，用引导词that或which；该句中的先行词是everyone指人。
【例3】 This is the primary school ________ I studied three years ago.
A．where B．when C．that D．which
解析：先行词school在定语从句中作studied的地点状语。
高频考向二 关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
①当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最激烈的一场足球赛。
②当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是关灯。
③当先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如：
All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class.我们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。
I'm going to buy everything that I need.我要去买我所需要的一切东西。
④当先行词前面有only，just，very，any，no等词修饰时。如：
That's the only thing that we can do now.那是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
⑤当先行词既指人又指物时。如：
They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。
【例4】 The Palace Museum is the best place ________ I've ever visited.
A．that B．which C．where D．what
解析：在先行词place前有形容词最高级best修饰，关系词只能用that。
【例5】 Look at the boy and his dog ________ are coming this way.
A．who B．which C．that D．whom
解析：先行词既指人又指物时，关系代词用that。
高频考向三 关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况
①当先行词为all，any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如：
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。
②当先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如：
Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded
in the waiting hall.那些还没买着票的人挤在候车厅里。
、
③当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如：
The guest (who/whom) I'll first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。
I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate.我遇见几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。
【例6】 Success will belong to those ________ never say “impossible”．
A．whom B．what
C．who D．which
解析：先行词是those，故关系代词用who。
定从引导词判定拓展：引导词（以先行词在定从中所作成分为准）
(1)先行词在定从中作主/宾的判定标准：引导词后是动词，则作主语；否则作宾语
The book he bought yesterday is very interesting.
A.不填 B.why C.when D.what
Do you know the man ___ is sitting behind Nancy
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
(2)先行词在定从中充当定语的判定标准：引导词的位置译为“的”
I live in a house _________ window is small.
A.which B.who C.whom D.whose
(3)先行词在定从中充当状语的判定标准：先行词放入定从中，缺少介词连接。
Is this the river where I can swim
I love the place where I was born.
This is the school which/that I visited yesterday.
I’ll never forget the day when we won the first prize.
I’ll never forget the day that/which we spent together.
I want to know the reason why you were late yesterday.
引导词用that，不用which的条件
①先行词前有最高级修饰；或先行词就是最高级；
②先行词前有序数词修饰；或先行词就是序数词；
③先行词前有the only, the right, the last, just, the same, the very等词修饰；
④先行词是不定代词all,everything,one等词；或先行词前有不定代词修饰时；
⑤先行词中既有人又有物；
⑥主句是which或who引导的特殊疑问句；
⑦There be 句型中
引导词用which，不用 that的条件
①引导词前有介词，如：in which;on which;with whom
②先行词是that, those
不用that的条件
介词后用whom，which，不用that
专题训练
定语从句
(训练时间：10分钟 分值：22分)
1.—Do you know Mo Yan
—Of course.He is the famous writer______won the Nobel Prize in 2012.
A．who B．whom C．which
解析：考查定语从句关系词。先行词是writer，指人，且在从句中作主语，
故应用关系代词who。
2.Please pass me the cartoon book______has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.
A．whom B．whose C．who D．which
解析：先行词是book，指物，因此关系词用which.
答案：__D__
3.This is the primary school______I studied three years ago.
A．where B．when C．that D．which
解析：先行词school在定语从句中作studied的地点状语。
答案：__A__
4. The Palace Museum is the best place______I've ever visited.
A．that B．which C．where D．what
解析：在先行词place前有形容词最高级best修饰，关系词
只能用that。
答案：__A__
5. Look at the boy and his dog______are coming this way.
A．who B．which C．that D．whom
解析：先行词是由人与物组成时，关系代词用that。
答案：__C__
6.Success will belong to those______never say “impossible”．
A．whom B．what C．who D．which
解析：先行词those，故关系代词用who。
答案：__C__
7.Xiandao Lake in Yangxin is the famous place ______ we’ll visit next week.
A．that B．who
C．where D．whom
【点睛】本题考查定语从句的关系代词。这里需要搞清每个关系代词的
句法作用是顺利完成此类题型的关键。
who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。
whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。
which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。
that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
8.The woman ________ is singing on the TV show is our English teacher.
A. who B.which C. whose
解析句意：在电视节目上唱歌的那名女士是我们的英语老师。
此句是定语从句，先行词是人时用引导词who或that；
此句先行词是人the woman，要用引导词who或that，
并在后面的从句中做主语。故选A。
考点：考查定语从句。
答案：A
9.The students love the teachers _____ can make their lessons fun.
A. whom B. who
C. whose D. which
解析句意：学生们喜欢使他们的课有趣的老师。
修饰先行词teachers的定语从句中，缺少主语，
用关系代词who,故选B。
考点：考查定语从句的用法。
答案：B
10.The policeman has caught the thief _______ stole Mr. Li’s wallet.
A．whose B．who
C．whom D．which
【答案】B
考点：考查定语从句的用法。
11.Abing played music ______ could touch the hearts of people.
A. that B. who
C. how D. when
解析：句意：阿炳演奏触动人的心灵的音乐。
Music是先行词，其后是它的定语从句。
先行词指事物时，用that, which作关系词。故选A.
考点：考查定语从句。
