高中英语语法倒装讲解及练习
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倒装
一、倒装的概述
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语在后，把谓语放在主语之前，就叫倒装结构。如果把全部的谓语放在主语之前，叫全部倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫做部分倒装。
二、倒装的原因
1、由于一定语法结构的需要
Have
you
bought
today’s
newspaper
for
me
Where
are
you
going
2、由于强调
Never
have
I
read
a
book
like
this.
Only
in
this
way
can
you
solve
the
problem.
三、完全倒装
1、在there、here引导的句子中，谓语动词是be、exist等表示状态的不及物动词。
There
is
nobody
in
the
classroom.
There
seems
something
wrong
about
it.
There
happened
an
event
last
week.
There
lived
a
girl
named
Aqiao
long
ago.
There
stands
a
temple
on
the
top
of
the
mountain.
There
lies
a
deep
pond
at
the
foot
of
the
hill.
There
exist
different
opinions
on
this
question.
Here
are
coats
for
young
people.
Here
is
a
seat
for
you,
Tom.
2、在there、here开头的句子里，谓语动词是come、go等。
There
goes
the
bell!
Here
are
the
books!
Here
comes
your
sister!
【注意】如果主语是人称代词时，则不用倒装形式。
There
you
go
again.
你又来这一套。
Here
he
comes.
Here
it
is.
3、副词now、then、thus引导的句子里，谓语动词是come、follow、begin、end、be等。
Now
comes
your
turn!
Then
followed
a
shot
of
gun.
Thus
ended
the
meeting.
4、在in、out、down、up、over、away、off、back等副词做状语置于句首，谓语动词是come、go、rush、run等不及物动词的句子里。
The
door
opened
and
in
came
Mr
Smith,
our
headmaster.
Up
and
up
go
the
prices.
Down
drops
the
meat
into
the
fox’s
mouth.
Up
flew
the
arrow
into
the
sky.
Away
ran
the
prisoner.
Off
went
the
horses.
Back
fought
our
soldiers.
【注意】如果是人称代词作主语则不用倒装。如：
In
he
came
and
the
lesson
began.
Back
they
fought.
Up
it
flew.
5、在做地点状语的介词短语提前，谓语动词是be、stand、lie等不及物动词的句子里，用完全倒装语序。
In
the
front
of
the
lecture
hall
sits
a
professor.
On
every
piece
of
paper
was
a
picture
of
a
horse.
From
a
speaker
on
the
wall
comes
the
doctor’s
voice.
On
the
ground
lay
a
sick
goat.
Along
the
wall
stand
four
big
bookcases.
6、分词/形容词+be+主语……
Seated
in
the
front
are
the
leaders
of
the
school.
=
Sitting
in
the
front
are
the
leaders
of
the
school.
坐在前面的是学校的领导。
Written
on
the
blackboard
are
the
names
of
those
who
were
late
yesterday.
黑板上写着昨天迟到的人的名字。
7、such置于句首时
Such
are
the
facts;
no
one
can
deny
them.
这就是事实，没有人能否定它们。
四、部分倒装
1、so/neither/nor放于句首，表示前面说的话也适用于另一个人或物。其句型为：so/neither/nor+be（助动词或情态动词）+主语。so与前面的肯定句相呼应，neither/nor与前面的否定句相呼应。
She
is
a
teacher.
So
is
her
mother.
I
have
never
been
abroad.
Neither
has
he.
I
didn’t
go
to
the
cinema
last
night.
Nor
did
he.
【注意】
（1）如果后一句只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，而不是表示前一句主语的情况也适用于后一句主语的情况，则不用倒装。如：
—It
was
cold
yesterday.
—So
it
was.
是的，昨天的确很冷。
如表示按别人的意思做了什么事，so也不用提前。
The
teacher
asked
me
to
read
louder,
and
I
did
so.
老师要我大声读，我照做了。
（2）So...和Neither
(Nor)...都可用So
it
is
with...代替。如：
Tom
studies
hard.
So
does
Mary.
=
Tom
studies
hard.
So
it
is
with
Mary.
Tom
isn’t
nervous.
Neither
(Nor)
is
Mary.
=
Tom
isn’t
nervous.
So
it
is
with
Mary.
（3）当前面两件事或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，通常不用So/Neither/Nor...，而使用So
it
is
with...
(
=
It
is
the
same
with...
)。
Tom
likes
singing,
but
he
doesn’t
like
dancing.
So
it
is
with
Mary.
汤姆喜欢唱歌，但他不喜欢跳舞。玛丽也是如此。
2、具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词以及含有否定词的介词短语、连词固定搭配放于句首时，主句需部分倒装。这类否定词或否定词组常用的有：
not
不
hardly
几乎不
little
很少
never
从不
barely
几乎不
seldom
不经常
nowhere
没有地方
scarcely
几乎不
not...
until
直到……才
by
no
means
决不
in
no
way
一点也不
not
only...
but
also
不仅……而且
in
no
case
决不
in
no
time
立刻
on
no
condition
无论如何都不
on
no
account
决不
at
no
time
任何时候都不
no
longer
不再
no
sooner...
than
一……就……
hardly...
when...
刚……就……等
（1）否定词、半否定词开头
Little
did
he
know
that
the
police
were
around.
他一点也不知道警察就在旁边。
Never
had
I
heard
of
such
a
name.
我从没听说过这样一个名字。
（2）含有否定词的连词搭配
Not
only
do
I
know
her,
but
I
am
also
her
friend.
我不但认识她，而且还做了她的朋友。
Not
until
a
week
later
did
he
learn
the
news.
直到一周后他才听到那个消息。
No
sooner
had
we
got
home
than
it
began
to
rain.
我们刚到家就开始下雨了。
Hardly/Scarcely
had
we
reached
the
station
when
the
train
left.
我们刚到车站火车就开走了。
（3）以“介词+no+名词”表示否定意义的短语开头
By
no
means
shall
I
change
the
plan.
我决不改变计划。
In
no
case
are
you
to
leave
your
post.
你决不可离开你的岗位。
3、副词only与其修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放于句首时，引起主句部分倒装。
Only
recently
have
I
had
time
to
read
the
book.
直到最近我才有时间读这本书。
Only
by
working
hard
can
we
succeed.
只有努力工作我们才能成功。
Only
when
one
is
away
from
home
does
one
realize
how
nice
home
is.
一个人只有离开家时才会意识到家的温暖。
【注意】only后不是状语，句子不用倒装。如：
Only
a
child
can
do
such
things.
只有孩子才做那样的事。
4、so
(such)...
that结构中，so或such位于句首加强语气时用倒装。
So
angry
was
he
that
he
couldn’t
speak.
他气得说不出话来。
Such
a
good
boy
is
he
that
we
all
love
him.
他是那么好的一个男孩子，我们都喜欢他。
5、用于省略了if的虚拟条件句中
含有were、should或had的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if，把条件句倒装，结构是Were/Should/Had
+
主语。如：
Were
she
my
friend,
I
would
ask
her
for
help.
如果她是我的朋友，我就会请她帮忙。
Should
he
come
tomorrow,
I
would
tell
you.
如果他明天来，我就告诉你。
Had
it
not
been
for
the
captain,
the
ship
would
have
sunk.
如果不是船长，船就沉了。
6、部分倒装和完全倒装结构可用于表“祝愿”的以下结构中：
May
you
+
动词原形!
祝你……！
May
you
all
be
happy!
祝你们大家愉快！
Long
live
China!
中国万岁！
【注意】在Long
live...
!句型中live要用原形。
五、形式倒装
形式倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是只把强调的内容提到句首，主谓并不倒装。
1、感叹句
What
an
interesting
talk
they
talked!
How
interesting
their
talk
was!
2、the
more...,
the
more...句式
The
more
you
listen
to
English,
the
easier
it
becomes.
3、whatever、however+adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句
Whatever
you
do,
you
should
do
it
well.
However
difficult
the
work
is,
I’ll
do
it
well.
4、as引导的让步状语从句
Young
as
he
is,
he
is
experienced.
Child
as
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.
【注意】以上句子中的as，也可用though。
【巩固练习】
1.
Only
after
talking
to
two
students
________
that
having
strong
motivation
is
one
of
the
biggest
factors
in
reaching
goals.
A.
I
did
discover
B.
did
I
discover
C.
I
discovered
D.
discovered
I
2.
Only
when
Lily
walked
into
the
office
________
that
she
had
left
the
contract
at
home.
A.
she
realized
B.
has
she
realized
C.
she
has
realized
D.
did
she
realize
3.
“Never
for
a
second,”
the
boy
says,
“________
that
my
father
would
come
to
my
rescue.”
A.
I
doubted
B.
do
I
doubt
C.
I
have
doubted
D.
did
I
doubt
4.
No
sooner
________
stepped
on
the
stage
than
the
audience
broke
into
thunderous
applause.
A.
had
Mo
Yan
B.
Mo
Yan
had
C.
has
Mo
Yan
D.
Mo
Yan
has
5.
Only
when
you
can
find
peace
in
your
heart
________
good
relationships
with
others.
A.
will
you
keep
B.
you
will
keep
C.
you
kept
D.
did
you
keep
6.
Not
once
________
to
Michael
that
he
could
one
day
become
a
top
student
in
his
class.
A.
occurred
it
B.
it
did
occur
C.
it
occurred
D.
did
it
occur
7.
Little
________
about
English
literature,
so
he
has
intention
to
take
it
as
his
major.
A.
does
he
know
B.
he
know
C.
did
he
know
D.
he
knew
8.
Selfies（自拍）have
become
popular
because
________
than
stopping
a
stranger
to
take
a
photo,
but
you
can
take
as
many
pictures
as
you
like.
A.
not
only
is
taking
out
a
smart
phone
less
awkward
B.
not
only
taking
out
a
smart
phone
is
less
awkward
C.
not
only
is
taking
out
a
smart
phone
more
awkward
D.
not
only
taking
out
a
smart
phone
is
more
awkward
9.
“Not
until
I
knew
much
about
the
Nanjing
Massacre,”
the
foreigner
says,
“________
the
significance
of
setting
the
National
Memorial
Day.”
A.
had
I
understood
B.
did
I
understand
C.
I
have
understood
D.
I
understood
10.
—In
no
case
________
you
are
senior
three
student.
—My
teacher
has
told
me
thousand
times.
Anything
fresh
A.
you
should
forget
B.
forget
you
C.
should
you
forget
D.
shouldn’t
you
forget
11.
—He’s
never
been
to
Paris.
—________.
But
I
really
want
to
pay
a
visit
to
that
beautiful
city.
A.
So
do
I
B.
So
I
have
C.
Neither
am
I
D.
Me
neither
12.
—2013
is
a
successful
year
for
China.
—________,
and
________.
A.
So
it
is;
so
2014
will
B.
So
is
it;
so
2014
will
C.
So
is
it;
so
will
2014
D.
So
it
is;
so
will
2014
13.
Never
for
one
moment,
believe
it
or
not,
________
being
faced
with
such
a
situation
where
a
helping
hand
was
greatly
needed.
A.
I
imagined
B.
do
I
imagine
C.
I
have
imagined
D.
had
I
imagined
14.
Liu
Heung
Shing,
an
American
Pulitzer
Prize
winner,
said
that
only
if
you
understand
Chinese
30
years
of
history
before
reform
________
its
leaders’
determination
to
________
the
reform.
A.
you
will
realize;
push
ahead
B.
will
you
realize;
push
forward
C.
you
will
realize;
push
up
D.
will
you
realize;
push
out
一、倒装的概述
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语在后，把谓语放在主语之前，就叫倒装结构。如果把全部的谓语放在主语之前，叫全部倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫做部分倒装。
二、倒装的原因
1、由于一定语法结构的需要
Have
you
bought
today’s
newspaper
for
me
Where
are
you
going
2、由于强调
Never
have
I
read
a
book
like
this.
Only
in
this
way
can
you
solve
the
problem.
三、完全倒装
1、在there、here引导的句子中，谓语动词是be、exist等表示状态的不及物动词。
There
is
nobody
in
the
classroom.
There
seems
something
wrong
about
it.
There
happened
an
event
last
week.
There
lived
a
girl
named
Aqiao
long
ago.
There
stands
a
temple
on
the
top
of
the
mountain.
There
lies
a
deep
pond
at
the
foot
of
the
hill.
There
exist
different
opinions
on
this
question.
Here
are
coats
for
young
people.
Here
is
a
seat
for
you,
Tom.
2、在there、here开头的句子里，谓语动词是come、go等。
There
goes
the
bell!
Here
are
the
books!
Here
comes
your
sister!
【注意】如果主语是人称代词时，则不用倒装形式。
There
you
go
again.
你又来这一套。
Here
he
comes.
Here
it
is.
3、副词now、then、thus引导的句子里，谓语动词是come、follow、begin、end、be等。
Now
comes
your
turn!
Then
followed
a
shot
of
gun.
Thus
ended
the
meeting.
4、在in、out、down、up、over、away、off、back等副词做状语置于句首，谓语动词是come、go、rush、run等不及物动词的句子里。
The
door
opened
and
in
came
Mr
Smith,
our
headmaster.
Up
and
up
go
the
prices.
Down
drops
the
meat
into
the
fox’s
mouth.
Up
flew
the
arrow
into
the
sky.
Away
ran
the
prisoner.
Off
went
the
horses.
Back
fought
our
soldiers.
【注意】如果是人称代词作主语则不用倒装。如：
In
he
came
and
the
lesson
began.
Back
they
fought.
Up
it
flew.
5、在做地点状语的介词短语提前，谓语动词是be、stand、lie等不及物动词的句子里，用完全倒装语序。
In
the
front
of
the
lecture
hall
sits
a
professor.
On
every
piece
of
paper
was
a
picture
of
a
horse.
From
a
speaker
on
the
wall
comes
the
doctor’s
voice.
On
the
ground
lay
a
sick
goat.
Along
the
wall
stand
four
big
bookcases.
6、分词/形容词+be+主语……
Seated
in
the
front
are
the
leaders
of
the
school.
=
Sitting
in
the
front
are
the
leaders
of
the
school.
坐在前面的是学校的领导。
Written
on
the
blackboard
are
the
names
of
those
who
were
late
yesterday.
黑板上写着昨天迟到的人的名字。
7、such置于句首时
Such
are
the
facts;
no
one
can
deny
them.
这就是事实，没有人能否定它们。
四、部分倒装
1、so/neither/nor放于句首，表示前面说的话也适用于另一个人或物。其句型为：so/neither/nor+be（助动词或情态动词）+主语。so与前面的肯定句相呼应，neither/nor与前面的否定句相呼应。
She
is
a
teacher.
So
is
her
mother.
I
have
never
been
abroad.
Neither
has
he.
I
didn’t
go
to
the
cinema
last
night.
Nor
did
he.
【注意】
（1）如果后一句只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，而不是表示前一句主语的情况也适用于后一句主语的情况，则不用倒装。如：
—It
was
cold
yesterday.
—So
it
was.
是的，昨天的确很冷。
如表示按别人的意思做了什么事，so也不用提前。
The
teacher
asked
me
to
read
louder,
and
I
did
so.
老师要我大声读，我照做了。
（2）So...和Neither
(Nor)...都可用So
it
is
with...代替。如：
Tom
studies
hard.
So
does
Mary.
=
Tom
studies
hard.
So
it
is
with
Mary.
Tom
isn’t
nervous.
Neither
(Nor)
is
Mary.
=
Tom
isn’t
nervous.
So
it
is
with
Mary.
（3）当前面两件事或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，通常不用So/Neither/Nor...，而使用So
it
is
with...
(
=
It
is
the
same
with...
)。
Tom
likes
singing,
but
he
doesn’t
like
dancing.
So
it
is
with
Mary.
汤姆喜欢唱歌，但他不喜欢跳舞。玛丽也是如此。
2、具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词以及含有否定词的介词短语、连词固定搭配放于句首时，主句需部分倒装。这类否定词或否定词组常用的有：
not
不
hardly
几乎不
little
很少
never
从不
barely
几乎不
seldom
不经常
nowhere
没有地方
scarcely
几乎不
not...
until
直到……才
by
no
means
决不
in
no
way
一点也不
not
only...
but
also
不仅……而且
in
no
case
决不
in
no
time
立刻
on
no
condition
无论如何都不
on
no
account
决不
at
no
time
任何时候都不
no
longer
不再
no
sooner...
than
一……就……
hardly...
when...
刚……就……等
（1）否定词、半否定词开头
Little
did
he
know
that
the
police
were
around.
他一点也不知道警察就在旁边。
Never
had
I
heard
of
such
a
name.
我从没听说过这样一个名字。
（2）含有否定词的连词搭配
Not
only
do
I
know
her,
but
I
am
also
her
friend.
我不但认识她，而且还做了她的朋友。
Not
until
a
week
later
did
he
learn
the
news.
直到一周后他才听到那个消息。
No
sooner
had
we
got
home
than
it
began
to
rain.
我们刚到家就开始下雨了。
Hardly/Scarcely
had
we
reached
the
station
when
the
train
left.
我们刚到车站火车就开走了。
（3）以“介词+no+名词”表示否定意义的短语开头
By
no
means
shall
I
change
the
plan.
我决不改变计划。
In
no
case
are
you
to
leave
your
post.
你决不可离开你的岗位。
3、副词only与其修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放于句首时，引起主句部分倒装。
Only
recently
have
I
had
time
to
read
the
book.
直到最近我才有时间读这本书。
Only
by
working
hard
can
we
succeed.
只有努力工作我们才能成功。
Only
when
one
is
away
from
home
does
one
realize
how
nice
home
is.
一个人只有离开家时才会意识到家的温暖。
【注意】only后不是状语，句子不用倒装。如：
Only
a
child
can
do
such
things.
只有孩子才做那样的事。
4、so
(such)...
that结构中，so或such位于句首加强语气时用倒装。
So
angry
was
he
that
he
couldn’t
speak.
他气得说不出话来。
Such
a
good
boy
is
he
that
we
all
love
him.
他是那么好的一个男孩子，我们都喜欢他。
5、用于省略了if的虚拟条件句中
含有were、should或had的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if，把条件句倒装，结构是Were/Should/Had
+
主语。如：
Were
she
my
friend,
I
would
ask
her
for
help.
如果她是我的朋友，我就会请她帮忙。
Should
he
come
tomorrow,
I
would
tell
you.
如果他明天来，我就告诉你。
Had
it
not
been
for
the
captain,
the
ship
would
have
sunk.
如果不是船长，船就沉了。
6、部分倒装和完全倒装结构可用于表“祝愿”的以下结构中：
May
you
+
动词原形!
祝你……！
May
you
all
be
happy!
祝你们大家愉快！
Long
live
China!
中国万岁！
【注意】在Long
live...
!句型中live要用原形。
五、形式倒装
形式倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是只把强调的内容提到句首，主谓并不倒装。
1、感叹句
What
an
interesting
talk
they
talked!
How
interesting
their
talk
was!
2、the
more...,
the
more...句式
The
more
you
listen
to
English,
the
easier
it
becomes.
3、whatever、however+adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句
Whatever
you
do,
you
should
do
it
well.
However
difficult
the
work
is,
I’ll
do
it
well.
4、as引导的让步状语从句
Young
as
he
is,
he
is
experienced.
Child
as
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.
【注意】以上句子中的as，也可用though。
【巩固练习】
1.
Only
after
talking
to
two
students
________
that
having
strong
motivation
is
one
of
the
biggest
factors
in
reaching
goals.
A.
I
did
discover
B.
did
I
discover
C.
I
discovered
D.
discovered
I
2.
Only
when
Lily
walked
into
the
office
________
that
she
had
left
the
contract
at
home.
A.
she
realized
B.
has
she
realized
C.
she
has
realized
D.
did
she
realize
3.
“Never
for
a
second,”
the
boy
says,
“________
that
my
father
would
come
to
my
rescue.”
A.
I
doubted
B.
do
I
doubt
C.
I
have
doubted
D.
did
I
doubt
4.
No
sooner
________
stepped
on
the
stage
than
the
audience
broke
into
thunderous
applause.
A.
had
Mo
Yan
B.
Mo
Yan
had
C.
has
Mo
Yan
D.
Mo
Yan
has
5.
Only
when
you
can
find
peace
in
your
heart
________
good
relationships
with
others.
A.
will
you
keep
B.
you
will
keep
C.
you
kept
D.
did
you
keep
6.
Not
once
________
to
Michael
that
he
could
one
day
become
a
top
student
in
his
class.
A.
occurred
it
B.
it
did
occur
C.
it
occurred
D.
did
it
occur
7.
Little
________
about
English
literature,
so
he
has
intention
to
take
it
as
his
major.
A.
does
he
know
B.
he
know
C.
did
he
know
D.
he
knew
8.
Selfies（自拍）have
become
popular
because
________
than
stopping
a
stranger
to
take
a
photo,
but
you
can
take
as
many
pictures
as
you
like.
A.
not
only
is
taking
out
a
smart
phone
less
awkward
B.
not
only
taking
out
a
smart
phone
is
less
awkward
C.
not
only
is
taking
out
a
smart
phone
more
awkward
D.
not
only
taking
out
a
smart
phone
is
more
awkward
9.
“Not
until
I
knew
much
about
the
Nanjing
Massacre,”
the
foreigner
says,
“________
the
significance
of
setting
the
National
Memorial
Day.”
A.
had
I
understood
B.
did
I
understand
C.
I
have
understood
D.
I
understood
10.
—In
no
case
________
you
are
senior
three
student.
—My
teacher
has
told
me
thousand
times.
Anything
fresh
A.
you
should
forget
B.
forget
you
C.
should
you
forget
D.
shouldn’t
you
forget
11.
—He’s
never
been
to
Paris.
—________.
But
I
really
want
to
pay
a
visit
to
that
beautiful
city.
A.
So
do
I
B.
So
I
have
C.
Neither
am
I
D.
Me
neither
12.
—2013
is
a
successful
year
for
China.
—________,
and
________.
A.
So
it
is;
so
2014
will
B.
So
is
it;
so
2014
will
C.
So
is
it;
so
will
2014
D.
So
it
is;
so
will
2014
13.
Never
for
one
moment,
believe
it
or
not,
________
being
faced
with
such
a
situation
where
a
helping
hand
was
greatly
needed.
A.
I
imagined
B.
do
I
imagine
C.
I
have
imagined
D.
had
I
imagined
14.
Liu
Heung
Shing,
an
American
Pulitzer
Prize
winner,
said
that
only
if
you
understand
Chinese
30
years
of
history
before
reform
________
its
leaders’
determination
to
________
the
reform.
A.
you
will
realize;
push
ahead
B.
will
you
realize;
push
forward
C.
you
will
realize;
push
up
D.
will
you
realize;
push
out