专题四 阅读理解与任务型阅读
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专题四 阅读理解与任务型阅读
备考策略
一、命题趋势
1．文体多样，题材各异，生活化，知识化。富有哲理、有教育意义和令人感悟的阅读材料比重增大。话题涉及到青少年教育、人际关系、情感体验、环境保护、能源、人口问题、体育竞赛、新科技等社会热点，需要考生不但具备一定的词汇量和丰富扎实、正确的语言知识，而且还需具备一定的自然科学、科普常识，以及外国的风土人情、历史背景等知识。
2．近年中考题加大了阅读量，逐步提高了阅读速度的要求。生词也有增多的趋势。设题灵活多变，注重考查学生实际处理问题的能力和笔头能力。
3．设问难度增大。部分题目不能直接从文中找到答案，必须根据上下文进行深层理解后才能找到答案，有时甚至还需要联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等，这就要求考生必须要从话题出发，充分运用自己的逻辑能力，从文章的内在含义中，从作者的态度中获取信息，做出判断。
二、解题技巧
(一)选择型阅读理解21世纪教育网
要求通过阅读短文，选择与短文内容相符的选项。所设问题紧扣短文内容，既会涉及短文中的细节内容，如短文中某个词或某个句子的含义，文中出现的人物、时间、地点、事件的前因后果等，又会涉及短文的主旨、大意和标题等。
1．先读短文，再看题目，然后逐题作答。若文章较长，也可以先将文后的问题通览一遍，然后带着问题读文章，做到有的放矢。21世纪教育网
2．先做在文中能直接找到依据的细节题，后做推理判断题和主旨归纳题，在对语篇有更多领悟的基础上再进行推理判断和概括总结，把握性会更大。
3．对于涉及文章主旨、大意、作者意图及短文标题等选择试题，虽然短文中没有直接说明，可纵观全文，通过短文所提供的材料或联想短文材料以外的常识，或按作者的思路进行推理找出答案。21世纪教育网
(二)判断正误型阅读理解
要求在阅读短文的基础上，判断所给句子是否正确。这类阅读理解题所提供的句子或是给出与原文意思相近或相反的几个句子要求鉴别、判断，或是变换词语、变换句子结构来考查同一意思的不同表达。要求联系短文内容进行判断，做题时：
首先，要把握每个待判定句子的含义；其次，要通读短文，把握文章大意，明确作者持有的观点和态度；再通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句，与这些段落、词句意思相符或与作者观点相同的，可判定为正确，否则，就是错误的。
(三)还原型阅读理解
指在一篇短文中抽出四个或五个句子，打乱顺序，要求将这些句子还原到短文中，使文章文理通顺。这类阅读理解题的文章短小精悍、逻辑性强、段落层次明显。
1．要在理解全文的基础上，把握段落与段落之问、句子与句子之间的行文关系和逻辑关系。21世纪教育网
2．找到突破口，先还原位置较明显的句子，然后把其余的句子逐一回归原文。对于模棱两可的句子，可试着回归原文，反复诵读上下文，判断其位置是否恰当。
3．将所有句子都还原到短文后，再次通读全文，检查文理是否通顺、逻辑是否合理。
(四)配对型阅读理解
要求考生先读若干个句群，然后配对选择每个段落所回答的问题或各自的主题。通常以两栏形式设置。
1．先读问题或主题栏，然后再读各个句群。
2．排除干扰，一一配对。21世纪教育网
(五)任务型阅读理解21世纪教育网
要求考生认识单词，懂得语法结构，了解文章的字面意思，同时，要有识图和读表的能力，还要有逻辑推理、联想想像、抽象概括和正确书写的能力。
1．先阅读短文或图表，理解短文主旨或图表意思，再完成任务，或先熟悉任务再通读短文或把握图表意思，然后完成任务。
2．所填的词须先定词义，后定词形。用以回答问题的句子必须语法正确，意思恰当。不可答非所问。21世纪教育网
典例透析
I
[09南昌中考]
Soon computers and other machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes!The programme works because everyone’s eyes are different．So in the future you won’t have to remember a number when you want to use a machine or take
money out of a bank．You’11 i ust have to 1ook at the machine and it will be able to tell who you are．
The eye-recognition(眼睛识别)programme is already being tested in shops and banks in the USA，Britain，Spain，Italy and Turkey．Soon，this technology(技术)will take the place of(取代)all other ways of finding out who people are．
However，scientists are working on other systems(系统)．Machines will soon be
able to know you from the shape of your face or hand or even your smell!We already have machines that can tell who you are from your voice or the mark made by your
finger．
Eye-recognition is better than other kinds because your eyes don’t change as you get older or get dirty like hands or fingers．And even twins have different eyes，so the programme can be up to 94 % correct，depending on how good the technology is．Some programmes may only be right 51％of the time．In Britain，it was found that 91％of people who had tried it said that they liked the idea of eye—recognitiorL
In the future your computer will be looking you in the eye．So smile! 21世纪教育网
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1．How does the eye-recognition programme work
A．You write your number．
B．You show your ID card．
C．You look at the machine．21世纪教育网
D．You say your name．21世纪教育网
2．Why can the programme be up to 94％correct
A．Because eyes never change．
B．Because hands or fingers can get dirtY．
C．Because people like the idea of the programme．
D．Because the programme is widely used around the world．
3．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The programme is being tested in Japan．
B．Machines with other systems can also tell who you are．
C．91％of people like the idea of the programme．
D．Computers can remember you by looking at your clothes．
4．What does Paragraph 4 talk about
A．Introduction to other kinds of programmes．
B．Advantages of the programme．
C．The places where the programme is tested．
D．The way how the progranmle works．
【思路点拨】
[主旨大意]
本文介绍眼睛认别系统这一高科技技术，并与其他认别系统对比说明了它的优势所在。
[解题指导]
本文是阅读选择型题目，设题4个。其中三个考查细节理解，可以在文章中寻找到答案；一个考查推理，需要有一定的逻辑性，找出因果关系；一个考查对段落的总结归纳能力，要能抓住重点。
1．【解析】选C。考查细节题。根据第一段中最后一句“You’11 just have to look…”可知答案为C。21世纪教育网
2．【解析】选A。考查细节及推理能力题。为什么眼睛认别系统正确率达94％，第四段中“…because your eyes don’t change as…”提到其原因，因为眼睛不随人变老而有变化，故A正确。 其他选项与此无因果关系。
3．【解析】选B。考查细节题。A项与第二段中第一句相矛盾，文中没有提到日本。B项装有其他系统的机器也可以认别出你是谁，与文中陈述一致。C项与第四段中“In Britain”这个限定相矛盾。D项内容没有提到。
4．【解析】选B。考查总结归纳。第四段主要讲述眼睛认别系统的优点，并以数据佐证。
Ⅱ
[09东营中考]
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
A mail had a little daughter—an only and much-loved child．He Iived for her．So
when she became ill，he became a crazy man．He tried everything to bring her health
back．21世纪教育网
However，his efforts didn’t work and the child died．The father was really sad，
shutting himself away from his friends and refusing to do any activity．He didn’t want anything to bring him back to his normal self until one night he had a dream。
He was in heaven and saw a group of all the little children angels(天使)．They were walking in a line．All the angels were wearing white clothes and each child carried a candle(蜡烛)．He noticed that one child’s candle was not lighted(点燃)．Then he saw that the child was his little girl．______ he rushed to her right
away and put her into his arna_s．He kissed her and then asked，“Why is your candle alone unlighted,darling ”
“Daddy，they often light it again，but your tears always put it out．”
Just then he woke up from his dream．The lesson was clear，and its effects were quick．From that hour on，he was not a sad father．He became cheerful with his friends．His darling’s candle would no longer be put out by his useless tears．
1．从文中找出与下句意义相近的句子。
The father was too sad to communicate with others and to do anything．
_____________________________________________
2．根据短文内容，在空白处填上一个合适的连词。_______
3．根据短文内容，回答问题。
Why did the father become cheerful at last
_____________________________________________
4．将文中划线句子译成汉语。21世纪教育网
_____________________________________________
5．根据短文内容，写出文章的标题。(7个词以内)
_____________________________________________
【思路点拨】
[主旨大意]
本文讲述了一位痛失女儿的父亲，受梦的启示，从而又重新笑对人生的故事。
[解题指导]
本文是任务型阅读。任务型阅读中常见题型有：根据短文回答问题、翻译句子、找同义句或补全句子和写出文章标题。
1)回答问题型的阅读考查对文章的理解能力和对语言的组织能力。要求用简洁的语言对问题进行回答，可以用完整句式也可用简单形式。要通读原文找出原文中相关的句子，直接引用或改造后使用。可用标注法进行对照与复核。
2)翻译句子。翻译时要根据上下文，要注意句子结构或固定词组，习语、谚语等翻译准确，并要与汉语语言习惯一致。
3)同义句或补全句子，要在理解文章的基础上，找出或自己总结补全句子。
4)文章的标题要求通读全文，进行总结、提升。本文反复出现了父亲和蜡烛，可以选取一个运用适当的动词写出标题，注意词数要求。
答案：1．The father was really sad，shutting himself away from his friends and refusing to do any activity．21世纪教育网
2．So21世纪教育网
3．Because he hoped his daughter’s candle would no longer be put out by his useless tears．
4．亲爱的，为什么只有你的蜡烛点不燃(不燃烧)呢
5．The Candle Was Not Lighted／The Father Was No Longer Sad
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 3 页 （共 5 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网
专题四 阅读理解与任务型阅读
备考策略
一、命题趋势
1．文体多样，题材各异，生活化，知识化。富有哲理、有教育意义和令人感悟的阅读材料比重增大。话题涉及到青少年教育、人际关系、情感体验、环境保护、能源、人口问题、体育竞赛、新科技等社会热点，需要考生不但具备一定的词汇量和丰富扎实、正确的语言知识，而且还需具备一定的自然科学、科普常识，以及外国的风土人情、历史背景等知识。
2．近年中考题加大了阅读量，逐步提高了阅读速度的要求。生词也有增多的趋势。设题灵活多变，注重考查学生实际处理问题的能力和笔头能力。
3．设问难度增大。部分题目不能直接从文中找到答案，必须根据上下文进行深层理解后才能找到答案，有时甚至还需要联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等，这就要求考生必须要从话题出发，充分运用自己的逻辑能力，从文章的内在含义中，从作者的态度中获取信息，做出判断。
二、解题技巧
(一)选择型阅读理解21世纪教育网
要求通过阅读短文，选择与短文内容相符的选项。所设问题紧扣短文内容，既会涉及短文中的细节内容，如短文中某个词或某个句子的含义，文中出现的人物、时间、地点、事件的前因后果等，又会涉及短文的主旨、大意和标题等。
1．先读短文，再看题目，然后逐题作答。若文章较长，也可以先将文后的问题通览一遍，然后带着问题读文章，做到有的放矢。21世纪教育网
2．先做在文中能直接找到依据的细节题，后做推理判断题和主旨归纳题，在对语篇有更多领悟的基础上再进行推理判断和概括总结，把握性会更大。
3．对于涉及文章主旨、大意、作者意图及短文标题等选择试题，虽然短文中没有直接说明，可纵观全文，通过短文所提供的材料或联想短文材料以外的常识，或按作者的思路进行推理找出答案。21世纪教育网
(二)判断正误型阅读理解
要求在阅读短文的基础上，判断所给句子是否正确。这类阅读理解题所提供的句子或是给出与原文意思相近或相反的几个句子要求鉴别、判断，或是变换词语、变换句子结构来考查同一意思的不同表达。要求联系短文内容进行判断，做题时：
首先，要把握每个待判定句子的含义；其次，要通读短文，把握文章大意，明确作者持有的观点和态度；再通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句，与这些段落、词句意思相符或与作者观点相同的，可判定为正确，否则，就是错误的。
(三)还原型阅读理解
指在一篇短文中抽出四个或五个句子，打乱顺序，要求将这些句子还原到短文中，使文章文理通顺。这类阅读理解题的文章短小精悍、逻辑性强、段落层次明显。
1．要在理解全文的基础上，把握段落与段落之问、句子与句子之间的行文关系和逻辑关系。21世纪教育网
2．找到突破口，先还原位置较明显的句子，然后把其余的句子逐一回归原文。对于模棱两可的句子，可试着回归原文，反复诵读上下文，判断其位置是否恰当。
3．将所有句子都还原到短文后，再次通读全文，检查文理是否通顺、逻辑是否合理。
(四)配对型阅读理解
要求考生先读若干个句群，然后配对选择每个段落所回答的问题或各自的主题。通常以两栏形式设置。
1．先读问题或主题栏，然后再读各个句群。
2．排除干扰，一一配对。21世纪教育网
(五)任务型阅读理解21世纪教育网
要求考生认识单词，懂得语法结构，了解文章的字面意思，同时，要有识图和读表的能力，还要有逻辑推理、联想想像、抽象概括和正确书写的能力。
1．先阅读短文或图表，理解短文主旨或图表意思，再完成任务，或先熟悉任务再通读短文或把握图表意思，然后完成任务。
2．所填的词须先定词义，后定词形。用以回答问题的句子必须语法正确，意思恰当。不可答非所问。21世纪教育网
典例透析
I
[09南昌中考]
Soon computers and other machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes!The programme works because everyone’s eyes are different．So in the future you won’t have to remember a number when you want to use a machine or take
money out of a bank．You’11 i ust have to 1ook at the machine and it will be able to tell who you are．
The eye-recognition(眼睛识别)programme is already being tested in shops and banks in the USA，Britain，Spain，Italy and Turkey．Soon，this technology(技术)will take the place of(取代)all other ways of finding out who people are．
However，scientists are working on other systems(系统)．Machines will soon be
able to know you from the shape of your face or hand or even your smell!We already have machines that can tell who you are from your voice or the mark made by your
finger．
Eye-recognition is better than other kinds because your eyes don’t change as you get older or get dirty like hands or fingers．And even twins have different eyes，so the programme can be up to 94 % correct，depending on how good the technology is．Some programmes may only be right 51％of the time．In Britain，it was found that 91％of people who had tried it said that they liked the idea of eye—recognitiorL
In the future your computer will be looking you in the eye．So smile! 21世纪教育网
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1．How does the eye-recognition programme work
A．You write your number．
B．You show your ID card．
C．You look at the machine．21世纪教育网
D．You say your name．21世纪教育网
2．Why can the programme be up to 94％correct
A．Because eyes never change．
B．Because hands or fingers can get dirtY．
C．Because people like the idea of the programme．
D．Because the programme is widely used around the world．
3．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The programme is being tested in Japan．
B．Machines with other systems can also tell who you are．
C．91％of people like the idea of the programme．
D．Computers can remember you by looking at your clothes．
4．What does Paragraph 4 talk about
A．Introduction to other kinds of programmes．
B．Advantages of the programme．
C．The places where the programme is tested．
D．The way how the progranmle works．
【思路点拨】
[主旨大意]
本文介绍眼睛认别系统这一高科技技术，并与其他认别系统对比说明了它的优势所在。
[解题指导]
本文是阅读选择型题目，设题4个。其中三个考查细节理解，可以在文章中寻找到答案；一个考查推理，需要有一定的逻辑性，找出因果关系；一个考查对段落的总结归纳能力，要能抓住重点。
1．【解析】选C。考查细节题。根据第一段中最后一句“You’11 just have to look…”可知答案为C。21世纪教育网
2．【解析】选A。考查细节及推理能力题。为什么眼睛认别系统正确率达94％，第四段中“…because your eyes don’t change as…”提到其原因，因为眼睛不随人变老而有变化，故A正确。 其他选项与此无因果关系。
3．【解析】选B。考查细节题。A项与第二段中第一句相矛盾，文中没有提到日本。B项装有其他系统的机器也可以认别出你是谁，与文中陈述一致。C项与第四段中“In Britain”这个限定相矛盾。D项内容没有提到。
4．【解析】选B。考查总结归纳。第四段主要讲述眼睛认别系统的优点，并以数据佐证。
Ⅱ
[09东营中考]
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
A mail had a little daughter—an only and much-loved child．He Iived for her．So
when she became ill，he became a crazy man．He tried everything to bring her health
back．21世纪教育网
However，his efforts didn’t work and the child died．The father was really sad，
shutting himself away from his friends and refusing to do any activity．He didn’t want anything to bring him back to his normal self until one night he had a dream。
He was in heaven and saw a group of all the little children angels(天使)．They were walking in a line．All the angels were wearing white clothes and each child carried a candle(蜡烛)．He noticed that one child’s candle was not lighted(点燃)．Then he saw that the child was his little girl．______ he rushed to her right
away and put her into his arna_s．He kissed her and then asked，“Why is your candle alone unlighted,darling ”
“Daddy，they often light it again，but your tears always put it out．”
Just then he woke up from his dream．The lesson was clear，and its effects were quick．From that hour on，he was not a sad father．He became cheerful with his friends．His darling’s candle would no longer be put out by his useless tears．
1．从文中找出与下句意义相近的句子。
The father was too sad to communicate with others and to do anything．
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2．根据短文内容，在空白处填上一个合适的连词。_______
3．根据短文内容，回答问题。
Why did the father become cheerful at last
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4．将文中划线句子译成汉语。21世纪教育网
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5．根据短文内容，写出文章的标题。(7个词以内)
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【思路点拨】
[主旨大意]
本文讲述了一位痛失女儿的父亲，受梦的启示，从而又重新笑对人生的故事。
[解题指导]
本文是任务型阅读。任务型阅读中常见题型有：根据短文回答问题、翻译句子、找同义句或补全句子和写出文章标题。
1)回答问题型的阅读考查对文章的理解能力和对语言的组织能力。要求用简洁的语言对问题进行回答，可以用完整句式也可用简单形式。要通读原文找出原文中相关的句子，直接引用或改造后使用。可用标注法进行对照与复核。
2)翻译句子。翻译时要根据上下文，要注意句子结构或固定词组，习语、谚语等翻译准确，并要与汉语语言习惯一致。
3)同义句或补全句子，要在理解文章的基础上，找出或自己总结补全句子。
4)文章的标题要求通读全文，进行总结、提升。本文反复出现了父亲和蜡烛，可以选取一个运用适当的动词写出标题，注意词数要求。
答案：1．The father was really sad，shutting himself away from his friends and refusing to do any activity．21世纪教育网
2．So21世纪教育网
3．Because he hoped his daughter’s candle would no longer be put out by his useless tears．
4．亲爱的，为什么只有你的蜡烛点不燃(不燃烧)呢
5．The Candle Was Not Lighted／The Father Was No Longer Sad
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