课件22张PPT。Consolidation & Revision Unit4 Astronomy:the science of the stars Enable Ss to consolidate what has been learned in this unit.
Enable Ss to know how to grasp the necessary information when listening.
Enable the Ss to understand the details about the passage.Step Ⅱ Reading practice Read the passage on P66 and choose the best answer.1. Which statement is true according to the text?
A. Black holes cannot be seen.
B. You can only “see” black holes by watching the movements of the objects caught by its gravity.
C. All objects must go into a “black holes” when they are caught by its gravity.
D. Objects go round inside the edge of the “black hole”.2. Why the spaceship the writer and Li Yanping took wasn’t
eaten by “black holes”?
A. Because they controlled the spaceship well.
B. Because they have a good knowledge of “black hole”.
C. Because they were very lucky.
D. Because They didn’t go inside the edge of a “black hole”.
3.The writer wrote the passage in order to_______.
A. tell something about the “black hole”
B. let readers know something about the “black hole”.
C. tell the writer’s exciting experience escaping a “black hole”.
D. get readers to be interested in astronomy.1. Discuss possible problems of making a space walk.Step III Listening practiceBefore listening discuss in pairs what you know of the problems
of making a space walk. Make a list. Then listen to the tape and check if you were right.Problems: to stop you from flying off the spaceship
to protect you from cold and hot
.... 2. In pairs read the words below and then discuss what you know about the vocabulary. Then listen to the tape again and number the words as you hear them.
_____Hubble telescope _____oxygen _____waist
_____gravity boots _____engines ______weigh
______tiring _____feathers①②③④⑤⑥⑧⑦(1) Why did Li Yanping have to repair the Hubble telescope?
(2) Which two ways does his spacesuit protect him in space?
(3) How does he move about in space?
(4) What does it feel like in space?
(5) What happens if you fly too far from the spaceship?
(6) Was the repair successful?
3. Listen to the tape and make notes
to answer the questions
(1) Why did Li Yanping have to repair the Hubble telescope?
(2) Which two ways does his spacesuit protect him in space?
(3) How does he move about in space?
3. Listen to the tape and make notes to answer the questions
It needed cleaning so that it would work better.① It carries oxygen.
② It carries hot and cold water to warm him if it's
too cold and cool him if it's too hot.He used small engines. (4) What does it feel like in space?
(5) What happens if you fly too far from the spaceship?
(6) Was the repair successful?Strange because you do not weigh anything. You can fly around like feathers.You would continue into space and never get
back to the spaceship.Yes. The Hubble telescope works well now. 1. Topic words:
(1) 航天员____________ (2) 现象________________
(3) 技术______________ (4) 天文学______________
(5) 太空行走____________ (6) 探险________________
(7) 发射_______________ (8) 宇宙飞船____________
(9) 科学的_____________ (10) 进步_______________
(11) 先进的____________ (12) 意义，重要性__________Step IV Topic words, phrases, sentences in this unit.astronautphenomenon technology astronomyprogressscientificspacewalk explore launch spacecraftadvancedsignificance 2. Topic phrases:
(1) 发射卫星__________________
(2) 太空之旅__________________
(3) 黑洞 __________________
(4) 实现 __________________
(5) 科学突破__________________ launch a satellitea space travela black hole come truescientific breakthrough (6) 太阳活动 _________________
(7) 载人宇宙飞船_______________________
(8) 发射无人宇宙飞船___________________________
(9) 在......中起着重要作用__________________________
(10) 随着科技的发展___________________________________________solar activitymanned spaceship/spacecraftsend up an unmanned spaceshipplay an important part in...with the development of science and technology 3. Topic sentences:
(1) 据报道，最近发现了一颗行星，它几乎是地球的三倍大，人类有望能在上面生活。
(2) 中国成为第三个发送载人宇宙飞船的国家，真是令人振奋。
(3) 随着太空技术的快速发展，我们一定会在将来有一天奔赴月球。
3. Topic sentences:
(1) It is reported that a new planet has been discovered recently. It’s almost three times as large as Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.
(2) It’s exciting that China became the third country that launched a manned spacecraft.
(3) With space technology developing so rapidly, we are sure to make a visit to the moon some day. 1.They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrive, but she thought the car was going to____. Larry told her that he had put out the fire and...(2016年全国Ⅱ卷.完形填空)
A. explode B. slip away C. fall apart D. crash Step IV College Entrance Examination Link 解析：考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据后句内容判断那位女士害怕汽车会爆炸。Explode 爆炸; slip away溜走; fall apart崩溃; crash坠毁，摔碎。故答案应选A. 2.It______ unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
(2014年全国Ⅰ卷.语法填空)
解析：根据句型It is+adj.+that从句，这里是过去时态，故填was.
3. If you find something you love doing outside of the office,
you’ll be less likely_________(bring) your work home.
(2016年全国Ⅱ卷.语法填空)
解析：根据句型be likely to do sth. 故此处应填to bring.
4.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the
shop. (2015年全国Ⅱ卷.短文改错)解析：根据句型so...that...这里是“他如此喜欢以至于”
的意思， 应该是： He liked it so much that... 故去掉very.. 5. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness
of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of
chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
(2016年全国Ⅰ卷.阅读理解) 6. Larry pulled over, set the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher(灭火器)(2016年全国Ⅰ卷.阅读理解) 解析：这句话的意思是：她那本深受欢迎的1962出版的
《寂静的春天》使人们意识到污染的危险以及化学物质
对人类和海洋湖泊的危害。harmful有害的。解析：Larry将车驶向路边、刹车然后拿起灭火器。与
动词pull有关的短语： pull over驶向路边；pull in(车辆)
进站停靠；pull out驶出，拉出；pull away(车辆等)开走。 7. Some experts think reading is the_________(fundamentally) skill upon which school education depends.(2015安徽)解析：一些专家认为阅读是一种基本技能; skill是名词,
故应用fundamentally 的形容词形式fundamental. 8. It's said that the power plant is now ________ large as what it was.(2013安徽)
A. twice as B. as twice C. twice much D.much twice解析：此题考查倍数表达句型: 倍数+as...as. 故此题选A.What have I learnt in this period?
What am I still confused about?
What should do to make them clear?Step V Talking and sharing Homework Search for more information about astronomy
and finish the exercises in guiding and learning case.课件13张PPT。Reading & Speaking for Writing Unit4 Astronomy:the science of the starsEnable Ss to know how to guess the new words according to the passage.
Enable Ss to talk about the change of the gravity from earth to the moon.
Enable the Ss to talk about problems on the journey to the moon and the solutions.Step I Reading practice Read the passage and choose the best answer. ( ) 1. Why Li Yanping could jump higher on the moon than on the earth?
A. Because he became stronger.
B. Because he grew higher.
C. Because the moon’s pull is smaller than the earth’s.
D. Because the moon’s pull is bigger than the earth’s. ( ) 2.Which statement is NOT right according to the passage.
A. The pull of gravity became very strong as Li Yanping left the earth’s atmosphere.
B. The pull of gravity disappeared when Li Yanping was in space.
C. The pull of gravity was very light when Li Yanping was on the moon.
D.The pull of gravity was the same during Li Yanping’s voyage to the moon.
Step II Difficult sentence structure Fill in the blanks with proper words or the proper form
of the word given and understand them. ①Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance____ (make) a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.
②Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and______ the first change would be the most powerful.
to makethat ③When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong____pull as the earth’s.
④But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried______(two) as far as on the earth and fell over.
⑤We watched, ______ (amaze) as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.atwiceamazedStep III Speaking and Writing1. Life is different on a spaceship. There is very little
gravity so that things float around. In pairs discuss what
you need if you travel to the moon. Then fill in the form. Group work a spacesuit that can supply you with warm water if it’s too cold on the moon and cool water if the temperature is too hot.a rope to tie you to the spaceshipliquid space food that you can keep in a tube and eat with a straw2.Write a short article explaining one of the problems that you might have on the moon. Set out what you should do to overcome this difficulty and have a happy visit. If I visited the moon, I might ......If I visited the moon, I might have a problem that how I stop my food floating away.
I would have to take all my food with me if I went to the moon. In the spaceship there is no gravity so the food would float around if it was solid. So I would make sure that it is specially made as liquid space food.
It could be put in a tube and then I would be able to eat it more easily. Perhaps I would use a straw to eat it. It would solve the problem.Step IV Talking and sharing What have I learnt in this period?
What am I still confused about?
What should do to make them clear?Homework Search for more information about exploring the space. 课件21张PPT。Reading for usingUnit4 Astronomy:the science of the starsEnable Ss to know how to pronounce the new words correctly.
Enable Ss to know about some word formations.
Enable the Ss to grasp the usage some important words and expressions.Leading in and warming upAnswer key for exercise 1:presenceviolenceconfidencedifferencepatienceuncertainunfairunpaidunlikeunkindculturalglobaluniversalagriculturalmathematicalartistphysicistchemistbiologistscientist1. C 2. A 3. C 4. BAnswer key for exercise 2:1．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.(P25)
地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。so＋adj.＋a(n)＋名词单数＋that从句
so＋many/few/little(少)/much＋n.＋that从句
such＋a(n)＋adj.＋名词单数＋that从句
such＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that2．They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth's atmosphere.(P25)最终它们产生了碳、 氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。 on time准时；按时 at a time一次；每次 at one time曾经；一度；同时 at times有时；偶尔 at no time决不 in no time马上；立刻3. unlike prep.& adj.不同，不像，相异
Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but，unlike the earth，it had disappeared later.(P26)
在火星等其他行星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来消失了。①It's unlike sb.to do sth.做某事不像某人平常的样子
②unlikely adj.不大可能发生的；未必会发生的
③like prep.像，类似(反义词) v.喜欢 dislike v．不喜欢
④likely adj.可能的 sb./sth.be likely to do sth.可能……
⑤alike adj.相像 adv.同样地4. fundamental adj.根本的；基本的；基础的；必不可少的
It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.(P26)水对于生命的发展会起到关键作用这一点并没有立即明朗化。be fundamental to...是……的基础；对……必不可少
fundamentally adv.根本上；完全地5．harmful adj.有害的
What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.(P26)
很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。①be harmful to...对……有害
②harmless adj.无害的
③harm n．损害；伤害 v．对……有害；伤害；损害
④do sb.harm(good)/do harm(good)to sb.对某人有害(好)处
⑤There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害处6．This produced a chain reaction，which_made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.(P26)
这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。 which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词a chain reaction。此句包含“make it＋adj./n.(＋for sb./sth.)＋to do sth.”结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式的复合结构(for sb./sth.)to do sth.；而形容词(或名词)充当了宾语补足语成分，尤其是当宾语太长时，常用it作形式宾语。vt.＋it＋adj./n.＋to do/doing/that-clause。其中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语或动名词部分或从句，it后的形容词或名词作宾语补足语。常用此结构的动词还有:think，find，consider，feel，make，take等。Tim made it clear that he disagreed.
乔治表示得很清楚了，他不同意。
I felt it my duty to change all that.
我认为改变这一切是我的责任。7．exist vi.存在；生存
They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(P26)
它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。①exist in存在于 exist on靠……生存
There exist(s)/existed...某地有/存在……
②existence n．存在；生存
come into existence开始存在；成立。8．in one's turn轮到某人；接着
Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.(P26)它们的时代到来了，它们成了这个行星上最重要的动物。in turn依次；轮流；因此；因而
by turns轮流；依次
take turns to do sth./in doing sth.轮流做某事
It is sb.'s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事9．prevent...from...阻止，制止
They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.(P26)他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。9．prevent...from...阻止，制止
They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.(P26)他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。keep＋宾语＋from doing(stop＋宾语＋(from)doing)阻止……干某事
protect...from(against)．..保护……不受……侵袭
(from后接能带来伤害或损害之物)【特别提醒】表示“阻止……干某事”的三个短语用于被动语态中时，from都不能省略。 10．puzzle n．谜；难题 vi.& vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难
How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.(P27)
生命到底是怎样起源的是科学家们发现难以解决的最大难题之一。①be in a puzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好
②puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
③puzzled adj.感到迷惑的
be puzzled about对……迷惑不解Homework Finish exercise 3 on P28 and exercise 4 on P63.课件19张PPT。Reading for information Unit4 Astronomy:the science of the stars Enable Ss to know how to guess the new words according to the passage.
Enable Ss to talk about the science of the stars, the development of life .
Enable the Ss to understand the details about the passage.
Enable the Ss to retell the passage using key sentences.Nuwa made humans.Pangu separates the sky from the earth.Other legends about the beginning of universe.Look at the picture. Do you know the topic of this unit?
Read to find out the main idea of each paragraph.1.Insects and amphibians appeared.
2.Dinosaurs appeared
3.The earth became a solid ball
4.Small plants grew on the
water.
5.Reptiles appeared.
6.Plants began to grow on dry land. Skim the reading passage to put the order of development of life into a timeline.The right order:
10、7、3、8、4、9、6、1、5、2、12、117.The earth was a cloud of dust.
8. Water appeared on the earth.
9.Shellfish and other fish appeared. 10.The universe began with a “Big Bang.1. Why was the earth different from other planets?
The water remained.
2. Why did the plants grow before the animals came?
Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe. Scan to find the specific information. for questions 1-3 and 5 of exercise 3on P27. 3. Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together?
Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.5. There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it?
Pluto. Scientists now think it is too small to be called a planet. ①The theory is generally accepted that the universe began with a “Big Bang” .
②It was until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago that what the earth was to become.
③Like the earth, water was fundamental to the development of life on Mars.
④The life on land appeared earlier than that in oceans and seas.
TFFFText interpretation ⑤Humans have known why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared.
⑥The earth will become too hot to live on, unless humans look after the earth very well.
⑦ According to the text, human beings would disappear in the end.
⑧ Mammals appeared after the development of dinosaurs.FFTTDifficult sentence structure
Complete the sentences and understand them
in English or Chinese.Emotion & science1. How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. What other puzzles are hidden in the passage? Find them out and do some research.
Discuss in groups and give a report to the class.puzzles:
(1) How did the earth’s atmosphere develop?
(2) Why did water stay on the earth but not on the other planets?
(3) Why did some life forms disappear?2 .In order to make life continue on the earth, what we humans should do at present?We should save water, reduce giving off carbon dioxide, stop pouring chemical waste into river,
......Homework Search for more information about other ideas on the origin of life on the earth. Compare them with the theory learned in the text.课件23张PPT。Unit4 Astronomy:the science of the starsSpeaking and Listening Enable Ss to know how to get the key words from the conversation about gravity , and how to express the ideas on gravity .
Enable Ss to talk about the science of stars in English and get to know some information about astronomy.But scientists now think Pluto is too small to be called a planet.Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune1) 水星
2) 金星
3) 地球
4) 火星
5) 木星
6) 土星
7) 天王星
8) 海王星Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
NeptuneDiscuss with your partner about the questions that astronomers are interested in and write down at least three questions.Question1_______________________________
Question2_______________________________
Question3_______________________________How did the universe begin?How life begin on the earth?What are “black holes”?Isaac Newton 1642～1727 英国物理学家 经典物理学理论体系的建立者。
1665年创立微分；1666年开始研究积分。 1666年, 开始想到研究重力(gravity)问题，苹果落地的传说，也是在此时发生的轶事。其一生的重大科学思想是在这两年期间（22至23岁）岁形成的。1669年，把《自然哲学的数学原理》，《宇宙体系》等手稿送到剑桥大学图书馆收藏。晚年研究宗教。Albert Einstein（1879～1955）质量(m)和能量(E)的相当性：E＝mc2
爱因斯坦在量子论、分子运动论、相对论(Theory of Relativity)等物理学的三个不同领域取得了历史性成就，特别是狭义相对论的建立和光量子论的提出，推动了物理学理论的革命，他对社会进步事业也有重要贡献。斯蒂芬·藿金是当今科学界的一位传奇性人物。这不仅仅因为他是一位被誉为继爱因斯坦后最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家，还在于他是在常人无法想象的身体状况下进行研究和创造性工作的。霍金 born in 1942 black hole 黑洞 1. Listen to the tape for the first time, try to get the main idea and choose the best summary of the listening text.Summary B is correct because it gives a clear idea of what the listening passage is about.
Summary A is not true. The three scientists wanted to explain how the universe worked and not how it began.
Summary C is too general and does not give enough detail about what the listening passage is about.2. Listen to the tape for the second time and try to get some specific information.Later they_________ that bigger objects(like the sun) have________gravity than smaller objects(like our planets). If you’re___________deep space, you couldn’t fall back to the earth.
In 1905 Einstein said that in space large objects make space-time ______; the larger the objects, the ______ space-time _______.
So time goes slower in very strong gravity.
Stephen Hawking has done a lot of __________ black holes. He has shown that they “______” things out as well as “_____” them.worked outstrongertravelling inbendfurtherbendsresearch intospiteat3. Listen to the tape for a third time and get the main ideas about the development of gravity.Large bodies have a force which pulls things towards themIn space large objects make space and time bend; the larger the object, the further space and time bendsBlack holes have a very large mass and pull things towards them towards their edge.The bigger the object the stronger the gravity.Time goes slower in very strong gravity.If you go over the edge, you cannot get out; but if you do not, you may be able to escape.Work in groups of four to discuss the questions.
What education and experience do you need to become an astronaut?
Do you think there are any special requirements?
What kind of a person makes a good astronaut?
What problems do you think he/ she would have in space?Listening for practice on P62He went up into space on October 15th , 2003. 杨利伟，男，汉族，辽宁绥中县人，中共党员，大学文化。1965年6月出生，1983年6月入伍，1988年9月入党，现为中国人民解放军航天员大队三级航天员，正团职，中校军衔，1992年、1994年两次荣立三等功。Listening 2Listen to the tape and write down the main idea. The main idea is the excitement of space travel and the
qualifications and experience needed to become an
astronaut. Listen to the Part 1 again and make notes of the answers to the questions.Attention!
Taking notes means writing phrases and not complete sentences.When his spaceship lifted off the ground he knew he was really on his way into space.The beauty of space.He watched all his instruments and stayed calm.Listen again and fill in the blanks .Well, I________of it when I was__________, but I never thought my______would come_____. It all happened very___________, If there was an
___________I’d_____to go to the moon one day.dreamedyoungwishtrueopportunitylovegraduallyTalking and sharing -讨论与分享（含自我总结与评价）
Do self-evaluation:
What have I learnt in this period?
What am I still confused about?
What should do to make them clear?HomeworkCollect as much information as possible about astronomy, especially about how life began on the earth.课件13张PPT。Reading for usingGrammarUnit4 Astronomy:the science of the starsEnable Ss to master the basic usage of noun clauses as subject.1.That he passed the exam made his parents happy.
2.Whether she could work out the difficult problem by herself is still unknown.
3.What we want to know is how the accident happened.
4.How we can raise enough money for the project remains to be discussed.
5.Where the bridge will be built has something to do with all of us.
6.It is true that he won the first prize.Find out which sentence is used as subject
1.The usage of conjunctives-that,whether,if.
(1) that在从句中不作句子成分,只起引导词的作用,没有实际意义,不能省略。
That she could come to help us made us very happy.
她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
That the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world.
大地震使很多人丧生令世界震惊。Conjunctions of Noun Clauses as the subject(2)whether在从句中不充当任何成分,只起引导词的作用,但有“是否”之意,也不可以省略。
Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.
我们乘火车还是乘船去没有差别。
It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。2.The usage of conjunctives-who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever, etc. 连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,每个词都有自己的具体的含义。
What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.
太空之旅所需要的就是认真准备。
Who will go makes no difference.谁去没有区别。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to othe
无论你在业余时间干什么都不应该伤害他人。 1.It+be+形容词+主语从句,如:
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
他是否能够参加詹妮的生日聚会还不确定。
2.It+be+名词(词组)+主语从句,这类名词有: a fact,a pity, a shame, an honour, a question等,如:
It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
很可惜你错过了激动人心的足球比赛。
It remains a question whether he will come or not.
他是否会来还是个问题。3. Formal subjective-It and noun clauses as subject 3.It+be+过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said等,如:
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.据报道,16人在地震中丧生。
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.谁给病人做手术还不确定。4.It+不及物动词+主语从句,这类不及物动词有:appear,happen,seem等,如:
It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.
似乎他没有说实话。
It happened that I was out when he called.
碰巧他打电话时我出去了。 1. Discuss the following issues1. 主语从句的语序
2. that
1）作成分吗？有意义吗？
2）何时省略？
3）that与what的区别
3. it 作形式主语的情况;
4. if与whether何时可互换？
5. 主语从句的主谓一致问题
6. 如何选择主语从句的引导词Step3. Group discussion2 Special attention1.从句的语序用陈述语序
What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。
2.主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时,主句的谓语一般用单数形式,但what和who引导主语从句时,有时主句谓语的数与主句中作表语的名词的单复数保持一致。
What they need are books.他们需要的是书。
What they need is love.他们需要的是关爱。(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,主句的谓语动词用复数;由两个或两个以上的连接词引导一个主语从句时主句的谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时间动身以及要去哪里还没有定下来。
When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided.
会议将在什么时间以及在哪里举行还没有确定。Homework Master what we have learned today and try to tidy your mistaken exercises on your exercise book. 课件13张PPT。Reading for usingGrammarUnit4 Astronomy:the science of the starsEnable Ss to master the basic usage of noun clauses as subject.1.That he passed the exam made his parents happy.
2.Whether she could work out the difficult problem by herself is still unknown.
3.What we want to know is how the accident happened.
4.How we can raise enough money for the project remains to be discussed.
5.Where the bridge will be built has something to do with all of us.
6.It is true that he won the first prize.Find out which sentence is used as subject
1.The usage of conjunctives-that,whether,if.
(1) that在从句中不作句子成分,只起引导词的作用,没有实际意义,不能省略。
That she could come to help us made us very happy.
她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
That the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world.
大地震使很多人丧生令世界震惊。Conjunctions of Noun Clauses as the subject(2)whether在从句中不充当任何成分,只起引导词的作用,但有“是否”之意,也不可以省略。
Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.
我们乘火车还是乘船去没有差别。
It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。2.The usage of conjunctives-who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever, etc. 连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,每个词都有自己的具体的含义。
What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.
太空之旅所需要的就是认真准备。
Who will go makes no difference.谁去没有区别。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to othe
无论你在业余时间干什么都不应该伤害他人。 1.It+be+形容词+主语从句,如:
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
他是否能够参加詹妮的生日聚会还不确定。
2.It+be+名词(词组)+主语从句,这类名词有: a fact,a pity, a shame, an honour, a question等,如:
It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
很可惜你错过了激动人心的足球比赛。
It remains a question whether he will come or not.
他是否会来还是个问题。3. Formal subjective-It and noun clauses as subject 3.It+be+过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said等,如:
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.据报道,16人在地震中丧生。
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.谁给病人做手术还不确定。4.It+不及物动词+主语从句,这类不及物动词有:appear,happen,seem等,如:
It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.
似乎他没有说实话。
It happened that I was out when he called.
碰巧他打电话时我出去了。 1. Discuss the following issues1. 主语从句的语序
2. that
1）作成分吗？有意义吗？
2）何时省略？
3）that与what的区别
3. it 作形式主语的情况;
4. if与whether何时可互换？
5. 主语从句的主谓一致问题
6. 如何选择主语从句的引导词Step3. Group discussion2 Special attention1.从句的语序用陈述语序
What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。
2.主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时,主句的谓语一般用单数形式,但what和who引导主语从句时,有时主句谓语的数与主句中作表语的名词的单复数保持一致。
What they need are books.他们需要的是书。
What they need is love.他们需要的是关爱。(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,主句的谓语动词用复数;由两个或两个以上的连接词引导一个主语从句时主句的谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时间动身以及要去哪里还没有定下来。
When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided.
会议将在什么时间以及在哪里举行还没有确定。Homework Master what we have learned today and try to tidy your mistaken exercises on your exercise book.
