Unit 1 Festivals around the world 整个单元课件

课件124张PPT。Unit 1 Festivals around the world
Warming up & ReadingFestivalsFestivals exist everywhere;
Many of them celebrate similar ideas and important cultural events;
Human beings need to have things in life to celebrate;
Human beings need to have a break from daily struggles and demands;
Festivals are meant to celebrate important events or to honour people at a particular time.New Year’s DayLantern FestivalWomen’s DayMay DayChildren’s DayDragon Boat FestivalMid-autumn FestivalNational DayArmy DayChinese festivals
and holidaysThe Double Ninth FestivalThe Spring Festival When the festivals take place , what they celebrate and what people do at the festivals.Discussion Spring
FestivalJanuary/
Februarythe end of winter, arrival of spring, Lunar New Year, reunion with family and relatives Families get together;
have plenty food; wear new clothes ;
Fire fireworks ;
Visit relatives ;Give lucky money in red paper to children; October
1stNational
Dayvisit family or go to other parts of China; go shoppingFill in the following form.Dragon Boat Festival/Duanwu Festivalthe fifth day of the fifth month in lunar calendarin memory of the beloved poet Qu Yuan who died in 278 BCeat zongzi; watch dragon-boat
races; throw rice wrapped in reed leaves into water in memory of Qu Yuan; put herbs on doorways for good healthsweep the tombs/clean the graves
; give flowers; Tomb Sweeping Day5th Aprilhonour the dead and satisfy the ancestorsTime:The fifteenth day of the first lunar month Lantern showLion dancingGuessing riddlesDumpling ballChinese Elder Day (Double Nines)The Elder day is the Double-Nine Festival, the 9th day of 9th lunar month. The Chinese called this festival Chung-Yang Jie. The Elder day was re-established by the Republic of China (Taiwan) in 1974. This is because the government wants to teach the youth to respect for the elders. With the cooler weather and clear skies at this time of the year, many people simply take the opportunity to go hiking.
Teachers’ DayMid- Autumn Festivalmooncakes Festivals around the worldChinese Festivals
Lantern Festival
The Dragon Boat Festival
Tomb Sweeping Day
Mid-Autumn Day
New Year’s Day
Double-ninth Day
National Day
May 1st
Foreign Festivals?
Read the following descriptions about western festivals and guess which festival they convey?It is one of the most important festivals in western countries.
People usually celebrate it together with their family members.
A kind-hearted old man put the gifts in the stockings for children secretly at night.
People send cards or gifts to others.Christmas DayOn December 25th
It is the birthday of Jesus Christ
Go to the parties and churches , give cards and presents to our friends and relativesRead the following descriptions about western festivals and guess which festival they convey?This festival happens at the beginning of the spring.
Usually most young people are happy on this day.
They send flowers and chocolate or some other gifts to the one they love.
Valentine’s DayThis festival happens in winter.
Every family has a feast on this day.
Turkey is the most important food on this day.
People celebrate it to thank God for a harvest in 1620.
Read the following descriptions about western festivals and guess which festival they convey?Thanksgiving DayThanksgiving Day in America is a time to offer thanks, of family gatherings and holiday meals. A time of turkeys, stuffing, and pumpkin pie. A time for Indian corn, holiday parades and giant balloons . Thanksgiving is celebrated on the 4th Thursday of November
Read the following descriptions about western festivals and guess which festival they convey?This festival happens in spring.
On this day most people are happy.
Some people may be fooled but they can not be angry.
People can tell lies and play tricks on others without being blamed.
April Fool’s DayMost children are excited on this day.
They wear black costumes or masks.
They would like to dress up as frightening and ugly ghosts or witches.
They would like to knock others’ doors and say, “trick or treat”.
Read the following descriptions about western festivals and guess which festival they convey?HalloweenHalloween is one
of the oldest holidays
with origins going back
thousands of years. On October 31 children in countries like the US and Canada celebrate Halloween.All Hallows
All Saints’ Day
November 1Halloween Parade(游行）Easter is the time of springtime festivals, a time to welcome back the Tulips, the Crocuses and the Daffodils. It’s a time of new suits, new dresses and patent leather shoes. A time for Christians to celebrate the life and resurrection of Christ. And a time of chocolate bunnies, marshmallow chicks, and colored eggs! Easter will be celebrated on Sunday April 8, 2007. Easter BunnyEaster eggsIn late March or early AprilPopular symbolsEasterFestivals around the worldChinese Festivals
Lantern Festival
The Dragon Boat Festival
Tomb Sweeping Day
Mid-Autumn Day
New Year’s Day
Double-ninth Day
National Day
May Day
Foreign Festivals
Christmas Day
Thanksgiving Day
Mother’s Day
Father’s Day
April Fool’s Day
Valentine’s Day
Easter
Halloween
Unit 1 Festivals around the world
ReadingFestivals around the worldChinese Festivals
Lantern Festival
The Dragon Boat Festival
Tomb Sweeping Day
Mid-Autumn Day
New Year’s Day
Double-ninth Day
National Day
May Day
Foreign Festivals
Christmas Day
Thanksgiving Day
Mother’s Day
Father’s Day
April Fool’s Day
Valentine’s Day
Easter
Halloween
Before reading ,go through the following expressions : honor the dead
satisfy the ancestor
clean the grave
light incense
in memory of
feast
in the shape of skulls
cakes with bones on them
offer
in old belief
dress up
play a trick on gain independence
be grateful
decorate ……with
get together
win awards for sth
rooster
Easter

20. parade
21. Cherry Blossom Festival
22. pink snow
Read the first paragraph on page one and get the main idea Each festival is celebrated for some reasons .Part1When did ancient people celebrate?They celebrated at the end of the cold weather / when they had a good harvest / when the hunters caught animals for food/ when they had enough food / when they wanted a year of plenty.Festivals of the DeadObon(Japan)Halloween(some western
countries)Festivals of
the DeadHarvest
FestivalsPart 2What are festivals of the dead for?They are to honour our ancestors / to make our ancestors happy so they won’t harm us / to satisfy our ancestors. Obon 盂兰盆节People go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.Light lamps and play music to lead the ancestors back to earth.The Day of the Dead 亡灵节In MexicoOffer food, flowers and gifts to the dead
skeletonFood in shape of skull and cakes with “bones” on them.Pumpkin headHalloween MasksThe night of October 31st, when it was believed that the spirits of dead appeared, and which is now celebrated in the US by children, who dress up as witches or ghosts.Halloweenplay the “trick or treat “Part 3Why does India have a national festival on October 2?
To honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Dragon Boat Festival
ChinaColumbus Day
USANational Festival
IndiaPart 4Why are autumn festivals happy events?People are grateful for the harvest / for the end of the agricultural work / the end of the hard work on the farms .People are happy that they will have food for the year. Harvest Festivals:
What do people do on Thanksgiving Day?
decorate churches and town hall. get together to have meals. win awards for crops and animals.church rooster/cock
watermelon1. At the spring Festival in China, people ________ food, children may _________ lucky money, and families ________ the lunar New Year together.2. Easter celebrate the ________ of Jesus for Christian and it also celebrate the __________ of spring.3. In the Cherry Blossom Festival in Japan, the country _______________ cherry tree flowers so that it looks _________ it might be the sea of pink snow.eatgetcelebratereturncomingis covered withas thoughPart 5Cherry Blossom Festival
(March 15- April 15)Discussion: What are the purposes of festivals?
FestivalsTo have fun with each other To let us enjoy lifeTo be proud of our customsTo forget our daily life for a little whileTo honour the deadTo honour famous peopleTo celebrate harvestTo welcome a new year and look forward to the futureTo ask people to pay attention to somethingGroup workCreate your own festivals
What is the name of your festival?
When does it take place?
What does it celebrate? (purpose)
(It is meant to celebrate…)
How do people celebrate it?
How many people do you think will celebrate it together with you?Peace DayIt takes place every year on January 2, the day after the New Year’s Day. At the beginning of a new year, we create such a festival in order to call for peace, to make the world a better place for everyone. People have to learn about foreign countries on that day. The TVs and newspapers will be all about foreign countries. And people are asked to eat foreign food on that day. And they are asked to talk about peace with their families, friends, and so on.
Unit 1 Festivals around the world
Language pointsSummarize and fill in the chartthe end of the cold winter;planting in spring and harvest in autumn light fire and make musicto honour the dead or satisfy and please the ancestorslight lamps, play music, eat food in the shapes of skulls and cakes with bones, go to their neighbors to ask for sweets,dress up for their great contributions to the society or the countryDragon boat racing, eat zongziFood is gathered for the winter. A season of agricultural work is over.decorate churches and town halls, get together to have big meals, admire the moon and eat mooncakescelebrate the end of winter and the coming of springeat delicious food; have exciting carnivalsUseful phrases节日和庆典
自古以来
有很多由来
亡灵节
纪念死者
使祖先得到满足
损害、伤害、危害
扫墓
烧香
festivals and celebrations
since ancient times
have many origins
festivals of the dead
honour the dead
satisfy the ancestors
do harm (to)
clean graves
light incense
Useful phrases纪念，追念
把祖先引回到世上
在这个重要的节日里
以颅骨的形状
给…提供…
古老的信念
亡者的灵魂
乔装打扮
捉弄某人in memory of
lead the ancestors back to earth
on this important feast day
in the shape of skulls
offer sth. to sb.
old beliefs
the spirits of dead people
dress up
play a trick on sb.Useful phrases端午节，龙舟节
全国性节日
赢得独立
农活
用…来装饰
因…而获奖
赏月
盼望、期待、期望
压岁钱
The Dragon Boat Festivals
a national festival
gain its independence
the agricultural work
decorate …with…
win awards for
admire the moon
look forward to
lucky money
Useful phrases红包
日夜、昼夜、整天
各种艳丽的节日盛装
庆祝耶稣复活
由…覆盖
好像
玩得开心
为…而自豪
red paper
day and night
colourful clothing of all kinds
celebrate the return of Jesus
be covered with
as though
have fun with
be proud of key sentencesAt that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months .
It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbors’ homes to ask for sweets.
The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and the coming of spring.1. Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year.节日就是庆祝重要事件的活动。
a. 指由命运，能力等所“注定”“就该”或由父母决定
He believes that he is meant to be a great man.
Books are meant to be read
b. 意义和用法上相当于ought to和be supposed to, 意为“应该，必须”
You are meant to study hard when you are young.
你年轻的时候应该努力学习.
You are meant to hand in your homework on time.
你必须按时上交作业.mean 的用法1). mean doing sth. “意味着”
What you said means breaking up our friendship
你所说的话意味着我们友谊的破裂.
Missing the film means waiting for another week.
错过了这部电影就意味着再等一个一周.
2). mean to do sth.“打算或企图做某事”，其过去完成式 had meant to do sth表示“本来打算做某事”。
I meant to buy flowers for my mother, but I was too busy.
I’m sorry ,but I didn’t mean to hurt you.
Do you mean to start a quarrel?
3). mean sb. to do sth.“打算让某人做某事”
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait
C. wait D. to be waitingAmeaning (n) 意思 meaningful (a) 有意义的2.take place 发生；举行take place常指按计划或安排“发生”
happen更侧重偶然性
The meeting will _________this evening.
When did this accident_______?
与place相关短语：
in the first place （用于列举理由）首先，第一点
in the last place 最后
take placehappen接替某人的位置take one’s place =take the place of sb=replace sb
在他的心底没有人可以替代他妈妈的位置.
No one could take the place of his mother in his heart.
take his mother’s placereplace his motherGreat changes ___ in the rural areas in the last two decades.
A. have taken place
B. took place
C. have been taken place
D. are happening
A3. celebrate vt. 庆祝；祝贺celebrate the Spring Festival / one’s birthday
词语辨析：celebrate, congratulate
celebrate后常接sth (日期,事情或场合)
congratulate sb. on/upon sth4. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere.世界各地都有各种各样的节日庆典。
of all kinds 各种各样的
sth of all kinds=all kinds of sth
We sell all kinds of shoes.
我们卖各式各样的鞋.
= We sell shoes of all kinds.
That kind of questions is very difficult to answer.
那类问题是很难解答的。
Questions of that kind are difficult to answer.
You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo.
你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动物。
You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo.
① Books of this kind ____ (sell) well in the bookstore.
② This kind of books ____ (sell) well in the bookstore.
Practice （用动词的适当形式填空） 　 sellsells5. starve v.⑴　(使)挨饿; 饿死
When will the dinner be ready? I’m starving.
Millions of people are starving in the poor countries.
You must eat more. Don’t starve yourself.
⑵ starve for something渴望得到某事
She is lonely. And she is starving for friendship
(3)starve to death 饿死6. ...or satisfy the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.…取悦祖先, 使他们得到满足,以为(祖先们)有可能回来帮助他们,也有可能带来危害。
satisfy vt. 满足,使…满意;
satisfy sb.
satisfied a. 感到满意的;
be satisfied with sb/sth
satisfaction n. 满意;
to one’s satisfaction 让人满意的是
His parents are satisfied with his good results.7. harm n.危害，害处
do sb harm =do harm to sb =harm sb
do (no, a lot of…)harm to sb/sth
或do sb/sth (no, a lot of…) harm
Studying hard won’t do you any harm.
v. 损害，对…有害处
Studying hard won’t harm you.
adj. harmful 有害的
be harmful to sb/sth
8.in memory of 纪念某人这个学校是为了纪念那位有名的科学家而建立的。
The school was built in memory of the famous scientist.
歌颂
in praise of
为纪念
in honor of
为庆祝
in celebration of
为寻找
in search of9. dress updress意思是“给…穿衣服”。
他穿着红色的衣服.
He was dressed in red.
Hurry up and___________.
快点穿上衣服。
The girl _______________red.
这个女孩穿着一身红衣服。
dress up是“穿上最好的衣服”, 常指“打扮,化装”，
You should dress up when you take part in the party.
+sbget dressedwas dressed in10. awardn. 奖品，奖项，奖金,……
She won a lot of awards in the college.
vt. 授予,奖给……
award sb sth= award sth to sb
The teacher awarded the girl a nice book.
reward 回报,报酬
辨析: award 和reward：
award后接双宾语 award sb. sth 授予某人某物
reward 奖赏, 给…报酬, 不能接双宾语;
reward sb. for sth. 因 …奖赏某人；
reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人She __________herself with a cup of coffee after a whole morning’s hard work.
一上午的刻苦学习后, 她冲一杯咖啡来奖赏自己。rewarded11. admire v. 意为“赞赏;钦佩;羡慕”表示“在某方面钦佩某人”
用“admire sb. for sth.”
我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。
We all admire him for his courage and bravery.12. look forward to (doing) sth. 期待着(做)某事, 其中的to是介词孩子们渴盼着过年。
Boys and girls are looking forward to the Spring Festival.
他期待着笔友来信。
He’s looking forward to hearing from his pen pal.13. as though= as if 好像，仿佛as though和as if从句用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。
如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。
The child talks as if she were an adult.
那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。
He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened.
He talks as if/though he knew everything.
He looks as if he were ill.
陈述语气（表示很可能的事实就用陈述语气)
It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.
14. have fun with each other.have fun意为“过得快乐”同义词组为have a good time, enjoy oneself. 短语有have fun ( in ) doing sth.
great fun
有趣的人[事物]
make fun of sb.
嘲弄; 取笑
What fun !
多么有趣。
15. They offer food, flowers and gift to the dead….词语辨析：offer, provide, supply
offer 主动提供 offer sth to sb; offer sb sth
provide sth (for sb); provide sb with sth.
supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth
When I meet difficulty, my roommates will_____ me help.
They _______ a reward for the return of the lost jewels.
The government need to _________these old people with food and clothes.
Electricity should be _________enough every month.
offer offered providesuppliedUnit 1 Festivals around the world
Using languageThe Chinese people believe that the star Vega（织女星）, east of the Milky Way, is Zhinu and, at the constellation（星座） of Aquila（天鹰座）, on the western side
of the Milky Way,
Niulang waits for
his wife. fell in lovegot marriedThe Goddess got angryforced to leave each otherCross the Milky Way to meet only once a year weaving herd ell in love Heaven ollow ouple seventh eventh unar bridge coffee turn up ord fool drown trick / joke et tea gift forgive threw WritingThink of what Hu Jin will say when she finds out later that the flowers and chocolates are gone.
Think of an ending to the story that will solve Li Fang’s problem. Will he be happy or sad?
As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way, …
Content / Idea/Organization/Grammar
VocabularyUseful phrases心碎的
情人节
在咖啡馆
出现
守信用
期盼
屏住呼吸
用咖啡来解愁
很明显
擦桌子
打开电视机
be heart-broken
Valentine’s Day
at coffee shop
turn up
keep one’s word
look forward to
hold one’s breath
drown one’s sadness in coffee
It is obvious that
wipe the tables
turn on the TVUseful phrases织女
牛郎
相爱
结婚
与…结婚
乞巧节
动身往家走
提醒某人某事
招手
扔掉
原谅某人
the weaving girl
the herd boy
fall in love
get married
be married to
Qiqiao Festival
set off for home
remind sb. of sth
wave at sb.
throw away
forgive sb.1. But she didn’t turn up.1) 来, 出席(某活动)
I’m very happy you turned up so early.
2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些, 其反义短语是turn down.
相关短语:
turn down 拒绝
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn out 结果是......
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
2. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word.keep one’s word 意为“守信用”,其反义词是break one’s word, 即“失信”。
He is a man who always keeps his word.
Don’t break your word, otherwise, no one will trust you.
注意：keep one’s word和break one’s word中的名词word不能用复数形式。
相关短语：
in a word/in short/to be short 简言之；总之
have a word with sb. 与某人谈话
have words with sb. 与某人发生口角
in other words 换句话说A gentleman should always __ his __.
A. keeps; word
B. keep; word
C. keeps; words
D. keep; words
3. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave... obvious adj.
1) obvious
+ to + 表示人的名词或代词
Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.
2) It + be + obvious +that-clause
It was obvious that she was in danger.
4. When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her daughter was married to a human, she ...marry 的用法：
1) 她嫁给了一个律师。
She married with a lawyer.
She married a doctor.
2) 她和一位律师结婚了。
She got married with a lawyer.
She got married a lawyer.
She was married to a lawyer.
3) 他们结婚三年了。
They have married for three years.
They have got married for three years.
They have been married for three years.
5. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought...set off:
动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力
Tom and his father set off for America yesterday.
The bomb set off among the crowd.
A woman’ beauty is set off by her clothes and jewellery.
相关短语：
set about doing sth. 着手（做某事）
set in 开始
set up 建立，创立
set down 写下，记下
6. I don’t want them to remind me of her.remind vi.
remind sb. of sth.
What you said just now ____ me of that American professor.
A. mentioned
B. informed
C. reminded
D. memorized
What are the differences and similarities between the two festivals? DiscussionHow should we treat Chinese traditional festivals and some western festivals?Unit 1 Festivals around the world
Grammar情态动词（Modal Verbs)情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等等。但本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语动词，必须和不带to的不定式（即动词原形）连用。情态动词没有人称和书的变化。
can and could
may and might
will and would
shall and should
must and can’t can and couldSo he can carry heavy books.
ability
He couldn't open the door by himself.
ability
Could you open the door, please?
requestcan and could1)??表示能力（ability），指有能力做某事，意为“能够”。例如：
注意：表示现在，将来“能够”可用be able to 替换。表示过去“能够”并成功了只能用was/ were able to, 不能用could。例如
My grandma is over eighty, but she can/ is able to read without glasses.
We can/ will be able to talk about the matter later.
I talked with her for a long time, and at last I was able to make her believe me.(不能用could) can and could2) ?表示请求（request）或（permission)意为“可否”、“可以”。 Could 比can 更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。
Can you wait a moment please?
Liz, can you do me a favor?
Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station?
I wonder if you could help me. (request)
---- Could I use your phone?
----Yes, of course. You can.
Do you think I could borrow your bike? (permission)
can and could3) 表示可能性 （possibility）
a. can 表示泛指的“可能”，并非说话者主观认为的可能性，即并非说话者的主观猜测。
Accident can happen to any drunken driver.
b.表示说话者主观猜测，只能用与否定句或疑问句中。例如：
It can’t be my father. He is now in England.
----Can it rain tomorrow?
----No, it can’t.
may and mightHe may be in his office.=( perhaps he is in his office.)
He might be having lunch.=( perhaps he is having lunch.)may and might1） 表示可能性（possibility）,用于对现在，过去或将来的推测，暗示不确定。might 不是may的过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小，含较多的怀疑。
He may be very busy now. (可能性较大)
He might be very busy now. (可能性较小) may and might2） 表示许可（permission），表示允许别人做某事， 也可征求对方的许可。
He may go now.
We may keep the book for two weeks.
3） 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
May you have a nice trip! may, might, can, could1. They (can/might) ___________be away for the weekend but I’m not sure.
2. You (may/might) __________leave now if you wish.
3. (could/may) __________you open the window a bit, please?
4. He (can/could) __________be from America, judging by his accent.
5. (may/can) ___________you swim?
6. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) _________________ speak during this exam.might表示猜测may表示许可could表示请求could表示猜测can 表示能力may not表示不允许may, might, can, could7. They (can not/may not) _______________ still be out, the light is on in the house.
8. You (couldn’t/might not) _________________ smoke on the bus.
9. With luck, tomorrow (can/could) __________be a cooler day.
10. You (can/might) ___________ be right, but I’m going back to check it.表示许可couldn’tcould表示猜测can not表示猜测(不可能)might表示猜测will and would1）表示意愿
表示愿意做或主动提出做，如意志,愿望或决心
That bag looks heavy, I’ll help you with it.
( offering to do sth)
---- You know that book I lent you. Can I have it back if you’ve finished with it?
---- Of course. I’ll give it to you this afternoon.
(agreement)
Thanks for lending me the money, I’ll pay you back on Friday.
(promise) ?
will and would2）表示习惯(habit, custom)
This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.
We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories.
3）表示请求（request）, 用于第二人称, would 比will 更委婉。 例如：
Will you come this way, please?
Would you open the window? shall and should1）shall 的用法
a.shall 在疑问句中用于第一，第三人称，表示征求对方的意见。
Shall we put off the sports meeting until next month?
Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?
b.shall 用于第二，第三人称，表示说话人给对方
的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。
You shall fail if you don’t work harder. （警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading it. (允诺)
He shall be punished. (威胁)
shall and should2) should 的用法
a. should 表示劝告、建议、命令。
You should go to class right away.
b. should 表示期待，用于表达合理推断(prediction，意为“应该” )，或明显的结果（意为“可能”）且所期待的事几乎是事实。
It is three o’clock, the football game should begin now.
Mary took dancing lessons for years, so she should be an excellent dancer.
1. We __________ smoke here, because the worker is carrying some petrol.
2. It is dangerous. You __________ leave the room immediately.
3. He ___________ go hiking with friends at weekends when young.
4. Write to me when you get home.
---I ___________.
5. --Need I hand in my exercise book at once?
--Yes, you__________.
6. You have been working all day. You __________ be very tired.
7. It is a long time since we met last time. You __________ come and see us more often.
8. Why don’t you try on this dress? It _________ look nice on you.
will, would, shall, should, must:mustn’tshouldwouldwillmustmustshouldwill表示禁止,不许可表示建议,命令表示过去习惯表示意愿表示必须表示肯定猜测表示建议表示将会,一定会must and can’tmust 用来表示“命令”、“推测”等含义。
1）表示规定、指令
表示规定、指令时主要指客观上的法律、条文规定，常常翻译为“应该、必须”之类意思。mustn't表示禁止
You must have a passport if you want to go abroad.
2) 表示主观的命令、禁止
表示主观的命令、禁止时，主要指说话者主观的命令或强烈的劝告。
You can go out with your friend but you must come back before 11 at night.
----Must I hand in the exercise today?
----No, you needn’t. 。must and can’t3）表示猜测，语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般用于肯定句，意为肯定……。其否定为can’t， 意为不可能…... 。
You must be ill. I can see it from your face.
He can’t be at home. I saw him in the classroom just now.
must and have to1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用?needn’t或don’t have to，做?“不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”
?— Must?I?finish?all?assignments?at?a?time?
—Yes, you must.
No,?you?needn't.
2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must?和have?to?稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have?to?强调客观需要。另外，have?to?能用于更多时态。
I don’t like this TV set. We must buy a new one.
There was no more bus. They had to walk home.Not sure Very sure He might be in the classroom. He may be in the classroom. He could be in the classroom. He should be in the classroom. He must be in the classroom. 情态动词的猜测用法Group workChoose one of the following situations to create a short dialogue using modal verbs.
Situation A: In a library. Ask the librarian if he can help to find a book relating to some specific topics, whether they can be renewed or not, and how to do if the books are lost. (“Could you please find…?” “May I …?” “You mustn't…”)
Situation B: A doctor gives a patient some advice. (“You should…”)
Situation C: In a park by a lake. Discuss that one should not destroy the environment. (“You should…”, “You shouldn't’ …”, “You mustn't’ …”)
Situation D: Requesting an appointment. (“Will you…?” “Shall I …?”)
Group workSituation E: You have to go to buy food and gifts for Spring Festival. In pairs, one as the shop keeper and the other as the customer, offer and request the items you need. Use these expressions to help you.
Would you like …? Could I have …?
Might I suggest …? May I see …?
You should try …? Could we look at …?
Can you see …? We might take …?
Sample dialogueIn the supermarket a customer is talking with the salesman.
A: Hello, I need to buy some things for the Spring Festival.
B: May I suggest these gifts for the children? They are very popular.
A: They are pretty, but could I have a look at the red paper envelopes on the shelf?
B: Sure, would you like these ones? They are less expensive.
A: That’s fine. I’ll take twelve of them. May I see what your pork is like? I need to make dumplings.
B: Of course, it’s over there. You should try some of the cabbage that just arrived. It’s very fresh.
A: Ok, could I have three cabbages and a kilo of pork? I also need some flour.
B: Can you see the flour down there? Please take what you need. Thanks for coming in, and have a good holiday.1.---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
---It ____a comfortable journey. ( )
A. can't be B. mustn't have been
C. shouldn't be D. couldn't have been
D2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ___ get out. ( )
A. had to B. would
C. could D. was able to
DEXERCISES3. Peter ___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure.
must B. can C. may D. willC4. --- Could I call you by your first name? --- Yes, you____.
A. will B. could C. may D. mightC5. Sorry, I ’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
might B. should C. can D. willA6.--Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
--You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’tA7. ---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They _____be ready by 12 : 00 .
A. can B. should C. might D. needB8. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night.
A. mustn’t go B. could have gone
C. shouldn’t go D. shouldn’t have goneD9.Johnny, you ______play with the knife, you ____hurt yourself. ( )
A. won't ; can't B. mustn't ; may
C. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; wouldn'tB10. I missed the bus, so I ___ go home on foot.
A. must B. may C. can D. had toD