2017年高考英语考前20天终极冲刺攻略（第01期）

5月16日
今日心情：
2016年高考新课标英语试卷试题设置
听力篇
《考试大纲》听力测试部分要求考生能听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应具备：
1.
了解事实与细节(如时间、地点、数据等)的能力；
2.
揭示对话或独白的主要意义的能力；
3.
明确说话人的语气与意图的能力；
4.
辨认人物的角色和关系的能力；
5.
分析人物的态度和感受的能力；
6.
简单地进行逻辑推理与判断的能力。
【解题思路】
高考英语听力测试的题型、题材、考查点及应试技巧
一、 试题的题型特点
听力部分分为两节：第一节共5小题，第二节共15小题。考生将听到5段简短的对话(一般为一问一答的形式)和5段较长的对话或独白，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节的5个小题主要考查考生理解简单的事实性信息和进行简单的推理判断和计算的能力；第二节主要考查考生对材料的整体理解能力，要求考生理解对话或独白的主旨、要义，获取事实性的具体信息，对对话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能作出简单的推理判断，理解说话者的意图、观点或态度等。
二、试题的题材特点
高考的听力材料多样化，其内容主要涉及日常生活、文化教育、风土人情、时事、人物和科普常识等方面。常见的关于日常生活的话题有：就餐、问候、邀请、约会、购物、通知、问路、打电话、旅游、住宿、谈论天气、询问时间、寻求/提供帮助、安排、病痛、看法、自然灾害、新闻报道等。
2016年新课标全国卷I英语听力材料话题明细
Text
TOPIC
Text
TOPIC
Text
1
给Lydia买生日礼物
Text
6
暑期打工
Text
2
请求对方帮忙拍照
Text
7
学业近况及毕业打算
Text
3
抱怨Kate工作时间打私人电话
Text
8
更改酒店订单
Text
4
在餐馆点饮料
Text
9
周末安排
Text
5
是否可以开窗户
Text
10
美国大学生求职就业情况
三、高考听力考查的知识点和应试技巧
(一) 时间数字题
此类试题，主要考查考生根据读音辨认时间、数字的能力以及了解多个数据之间的关系并进行计算的能力。对话中出现的数字有可能是价格、日期、时间、数量、年龄、门牌号等。
常见设问方式：What
time
is
it
now /When
will
the
train
leave /What’s
the
price
of… /How
long… /
How
much
does…cost
/How
many… 等。
解题的关键是听清并记录对话中的数字与相关运算信息。具体步骤是在听到数字后立即将其记下或在选项中找到，并在旁边记录相关信息；熟知各个数字之间的关系，然后根据提问快速运用相应的加减乘除运算得出正确答案。
(二)对话场景题
此类试题主要考查有关地点的信息，要求考生判断对话发生的地点。有些地点是对话中直接提到的，有些是需要根据对话的内容来判断的, 还有的是两者兼而有之。常见对话场景：学校(教室)、医院(诊所)、机场、车站、餐馆、商店、图书馆、书店、邮局、警察局等。
常见设问方式：Where
does
the
conversation
most
probably
take
place /Where
are
the
two
speakers /Where
does
the
man(woman)
work /Where
is
the
man
going 等。
1.
仔细辨认对话中的相关词。
2.
抓住对话中表示空间关系的介词或介词短语，它们多与地点和方向有关。如at
a
hotel,
in the post
office,
at
the
hospital,
at
a
restaurant,
in
the
library,
in
the
bank,
at
the
airport等。
3.
注意对话中的声东击西和顺序干扰的现象。
(三)人物关系及身份题
此类题的选项一般为表示职业或身份的名词或由两个名词构成的表示人物关系的并列词组。对话中不会直接提到某人的职业或关系，通常只用一些相关词作为暗示。主要考查考生能否根据对话内容、说话者的语气及态度等判断说话人之间的关系或说话人的职业、身份。
常考查的人物关系：师生、朋友、夫妻、父女、母子、同事、同学、邻居、老板与职员、医生与病人、司机与乘客等。
常见设问方式：Who
are
the
speakers /
What’s
the
probable
relationship
between
the
two
speakers 等。
常考查的人物职业：医生、工人、教师、司机、秘书、服务员、售货员、图书管理员、警察、工作人员、作家、经理、学生等。
常见设问方式：What
is
the
man’s
(woman’s)
job(occupation,
profession) /
What
is
the
person’s
probable
job /
Who
is
the
woman(man)
speaking
to /
What’s
the
profession
of
the
man /
Who
is
the
woman
most
probably
speaking
to /
Who
is
the
speaker /
What
is
his(her)
job /
What
does
he(she)
do
1.
熟悉常见的职业相关词，抓住了这些与说话人职业相关的词，也就等于抓住了关键词。
2.
通过关键词并结合对话的语气判断说话人的身份和关系。
(四)观点态度题
此类题要求考生根据对话者说话的语音、语调、语气以及谈话内容，判断出说话者对某人、某事物的看法或态度。
常见设问方式：What
does
the
man(woman)
say
about/think
of… /How
does
the
man(woman)
feel
about/like… /What’s
the
man’s(woman’s)
opinion
about…/What
is
the
man’s(woman’s)
attitude
toward
the
conversation /How
does
the
man(woman)
feel /The
man’s(woman’s)
feeling
toward
the
subject
can
be
best
described
as…等。
1.
语音语调。英语中，语调主要有升调、降调两种，降调(尤其是在一般疑问句和反意疑问句中)通常表示说话人的态度是肯定、赞同的，而升调(特别是在陈述句或特殊疑问句中)表示对事物的怀疑、惊讶或否定。
2.
提示词和关键词。考生可以根据一些提示性的语言或相关的词语进行判断，如 I
think…,
It
seems
to
me
that…,
As
far
as
I’m
concerned,
I
could
say…,
It
is/
sounds
true
that...。同时还要注意表示否定、转折和虚拟等含义的指示词。
3.
从字里行间判断。
四、高考听力提分策略及临场解题指导
(一)提分策略
1.
培养正确的语音和语言基础技能
(1)加强48 个音素的训练；
(2)加强单词辨音训练；
(3)加强跟读与朗读训练，培养好的语感。
2.
加强日常词汇和语法等基础知识的学习
(1)扩大词汇量；
(2)提高语法意识。
(二)临场解题指导
1.
调节情绪，保持良好的心理状态
2.
读题预览预测，变被动为主动
(1)预览：
①拿到试卷，在填涂完姓名及准考证号后的剩余时间预览；
②在播放试音小乐曲及试音材料时预览；
③在介绍第一节试题的做法时预览；
④在每段对话或独白播放前的5秒钟时间预览。
(2)预测
　①根据题目中的语言信息预测；
②抓住关键词预测。
3.
抓大放小，紧盯关键词句
通常只要捕捉到关键的词句就能找出问题的答案，不要盲目地逐词逐句地听。
4.
熟悉听力常见词汇，形成思维定势，对症下药
高考英语听力的设疑方式是相对稳定的。比如说，常在故事情境发生的主要要素上设疑。一般来说，特定场景的用语和关键词是基本固定的，考生在平时的训练中应多加留意。
5.
多感官协调，把握速记要领，增加得分空间
考生在平时训练时，要养成多感官协调运作的好习惯，学会用自己熟悉的符号速记材料中提到的年、月、日、星期、钟点、年龄、距离、价格等关键信息，并在脑海中及时换算。
6.
学会放弃，避难就易，不放过任何可得分
高考英语属于能力选拔型考试，考生不一定能顺利完成所有的题目。再加之英语听力的语速、语音、语调的特点，在交际中出现的连读、爆破、辅音浊化等一系列语言现象以及材料中可能涉及到的语法，如部分否定、虚拟语气、表示转折、让步等的特殊句型和情态动词的特殊用法等，使得一部分考生应接不暇，难以听懂，这是很正常的。遇到这种情况，考生要学会放弃，避难就易，不放过任何可得分。
典例
(2016·新课标全国卷I)
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节　(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How
much
is
the
shirt
A.

19.15.
B.

9.18.
C.

9.15.
答案是C。
1.
What
are
the
speakers
talking
about
A.
Having
a
birthday
party.
B.
Doing
some
exercise.
C.
Getting
Lydia
a
gift.
2.
What
is
the
woman
going
to
do
A.
Help
the
man.
B.
Take
a
bus.
C.
Get
a
camera.
3.
What
does
the
woman
suggest
the
man
do
A.
Tell
Kate
to
stop.
B.
Call
Kate’s
friends.
C.
Stay
away
from
Kate.
4.
Where
does
the
conversation
probably
take
place
A.
In
a
wine
shop.
B.
In
a
supermarket.
C.
In
a
restaurant.
5.
What
does
the
woman
mean
A.
Keep
the
window
closed.
B.
Go
out
for
fresh
air.
C.
Turn
on
the
fan.
第二节
(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.
What
is
the
man
going
to
do
this
summer
A.
Teach
a
course.
B.
Repair
his
house.
C.
Work
at
a
hotel.
7.
How
will
the
man
use
the
money
A.
To
hire
a
gardener.
B.
To
buy
books.
C.
To
pay
for
a
boat
trip.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.
What
is
the
probable
relationship
between
the
speakers
A.
Schoolmates.
B.
Colleagues.
C.
Roommates.
9.
What
does
Frank
plan
to
do
right
after
graduation
A.
Work
as
a
programmer.
B.
Travel
around
the
world.
C.
Start
his
own
business.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题
10.
Why
does
the
woman
make
the
call
A.
To
book
a
hotel
room.
B.
To
ask
about
the
room
service.
C.
To
make
changes
to
a
reservation.
11.
When
will
the
woman
arrive
at
the
hotel
A.
On
September
15.
B.
On
September
16.
C.
On
September
23.
12.
How
much
will
the
woman
pay
for
her
room
per
night
A.
$179.
B.
$199.
C.
$219.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.
What
is
the
woman’s
plan
for
Saturday
A.
Going
shopping.
B.
Going
camping.
C.
Going
boating.
14.
Where
will
the
woman
stay
in
Keswick
A.
In
a
country
inn.
B.
In
a
five-star
hotel.
C.
In
her
aunt’s
home.
15.
What
will
Gordon
do
over
the
weekend
A.
Visit
his
friends.
B.
Watch
DVDs.
C.
Join
the
woman.
16.
What
does
the
woman
think
of
Gordon’s
coming
weekend
A.
Relaxed.
B.
Boring.
C.
Busy.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.
Who
is
Wang
Ming
A.
A
student.
B.
An
employer.
C.
An
engineer.
18.
What
does
the
speaker
say
about
the
college
job
market
this
year
A.
It’s
unpredictable.
B.
It’s
quite
stable.
C.
It’s
not
optimistic.
19.
What
percentage
of
student
job
seekers
have
found
a
job
by
now
A.
20%.
B.
22%.
C.
50%.
20.
Why
are
engineering
graduates
more
likely
to
accept
a
job
A.
They
need
more
work
experience.
B.
The
salary
is
usually
good.
C.
Their
choice
is
limited.
1—5
CBACA
6—10
CBAAC
11—15
BBCAB
16—20
BACAB
听力材料
Example:
M:
Excuse
me,
can
you
tell
me
how
much
the
shirt
is
W:
Yes,
it’s
nine-fifteen.
Text
1
W:
What
are
we
going
to
get
for
Lydia’s
birthday
M:
How
about
a
pair
of
running
shoes
W:
You
know
she
hates
doing
exercise.
M:
Then
I
guess
we
can
buy
her
a
birthday
cake.
Text
2
M:
Excuse
me.
Do
you
have
time
to
help
take
a
picture
of
us
W:
Oh,
I’m
sorry.
I’ve
got
to
catch
a
bus.
M:
That’s
OK.
Text
3
M:
It
really
annoys
me
when
Kate
calls
her
friends
during
office
hours.
W:
If
I
were
you,
I
would
tell
her
to
stop.
M:
Maybe
you’re
right.
I
will
talk
to
her
sometime.
Text
4
M:
Here’s
the
menu,
Madame.
Would
you
like
something
to
drink
W:
Yes,
please.
May
I
see
the
wine
list
M:
Certainly.
Here
you
are.
Text
5
M:
We
need
to
have
some
fresh
air.
Do
you
mind
my
opening
the
window
W:
As
a
matter
of
fact,
I’m
feeling
a
bit
cold.
Text
6
M:
Guess
what
I’ll
be
doing
this
summer
W:
What
M:
I’m
going
to
work
at
the
Riverside
Hotel.
W:
What
exactly
will
you
be
doing
M:
Let’s
see.
I’ll
be
doing
some
small
repairs
inside
and
outside
the
hotel.
I’ll
be
cutting
grass
and
taking
care
of
the
flowers.
W:
Sounds
interesting.
What’s
the
pay
M:
Well,
uh…about
fifteen
dollars
an
hour,
five
hours
a
day,
and
Sunday
free.
W:
That’s
good
money.
What
are
you
going
to
do
with
it
M:
I’ll
pay
for
the
textbooks
for
next
term.
Text
7
M:
Hi,
Sue.
How’s
it
going
W:
Oh,
hi,
Frank,
just
fine.
How
are
your
classes
M:
Pretty
good.
I’m
glad
this
is
my
last
term
here,
though.
W:
Why
is
that
I
thought
you
were
enjoying
school.
M:
I
was.
But
now
I’m
getting
tired
of
it.
I’m
ready
for
the
real
world.
W:
What
are
you
planning
to
do
when
you
graduate
M:
First,
I
want
to
get
a
job
as
a
computer
programmer,
and
then
after
five
years
or
so,
I’d
like
to
start
my
own
business.
W:
Sounds
good.
I
still
have
three
terms
to
go
until
I’m
done.
M:
You’ll
make
it
for
sure.
Well,
see
you
later.
W:
Bye!
Text
8
M:
Hello,
Milton
Hotel
Reservations.
How
may
I
assist
you
W:
Hi,
I’m
calling
to
make
some
changes
to
an
existing
reservation.
M:
Certainly.
Do
you
have
the
reservation
number
W:
Sure,
it’s
219.
M:
That’s
a
reservation
for
Sally
Menkel.
Is
that
right
W:
Yes,
that’s
right.
I’d
like
to
change
the
check-in
date
from
September
15
to
September
16.
M:
Certainly.
I
can
make
that
change
for
you.
Is
that
the
only
change
W:
No,
the
check-out
date
will
also
change
from
the
23rd
to
the
24th.
M:
No
problem.
We
have
you
arriving
on
the
16th
of
September
and
leaving
the
24th
of
September
—
altogether,
eight
nights.
Will
there
be
anything
else
W:
Yes.
Instead
of
a
courtyard
room,
I’d
like
a
room
with
a
view,
preferably
on
an
upper
floor.
M:
I
can
certainly
change
that
for
you,
but
there
will
be
a
change
in
the
room
rate.
The
new
rate
is
$199
per
night,
instead
of
the
original
$179.
W:
That’s
OK.
These
are
all
the
changes.
Thank
you
very
much.
M:
You’re
welcome.
Have
a
nice
day!
Text
9
W:
Gordon,
I’m
going
to
Keswick
in
the
Lake
District
this
weekend.
M:
Really
W:
Yeah,
five
of
us.
Why
don’t
you
join
us
We’re
getting
to
Keswick
on
Friday.
Then
we’re
going
boating
on
Saturday.
And
on
Sunday,
we’re
going
to
do
some
shopping.
Then
I
will
take
some
time
to
visit
my
aunt
Lucy.
M:
You’re
not
going
to
camp,
are
you
Isn’t
it
a
bit
cold
W:
No,
we’re
not.
It
is
a
bit
cold.
We’re
staying
in
a
country
inn.
It’s
not
like
five-star
hotels
or
anything.
But
it’s
really
comfortable.
M:
Hmm,
sounds
interesting.
You
know,
it’s
the
boating
that
I
don’t
like.
W:
Well,
what
are
you
up
to
M:
Sit
on
my
sofa
all
weekend
and
watch
the
DVDs
I’ve
just
bought.
And
that
will
be
a
busy
weekend.
I
may
finish
watching
Friends.
W:
I
don’t
know
how
you
can
do
that
all
weekend,
Gordon.
I’d
get
bored.
M:
I
know,
I
know.
But
that’s
really
what
I
want
to
do.
Text
10
M:
Hello.
Welcome
to
the
program.
In
America,
May
and
June
are
the
traditional
months
for
graduations.
A
listener
in
China,
Wang
Ming,
who
is
about
to
get
an
engineering
degree,
wants
to
know
how
American
college
graduates
find
jobs.
Right
now,
the
answer
is:
not
very
easily.
A
latest
study
on
the
college
job
market
showed
that
employers
wanted
to
hire
22%
fewer
graduates
this
year
than
last.
The
study
also
showed
that
just
20%
of
those
who
looked
for
jobs
before
graduation
have
found
one
by
now.
This
is
compared
to
half
of
students
who
had
looked
for
a
job
by
this
time
two
years
ago.
But
one
difference:
fewer
of
this
year’s
graduates
have
started
to
search
for
jobs.
Engineering
graduates
were
more
likely
to
have
started
their
job
search
already,
and
to
have
accepted
a
job.
This
is
among
the
best-paid
professions
for
people
with
just
a
college
degree.
On
average,
engineering
majors
expect
to
start
at
about
$62,000
a
year.
5月17日
今日心情：
阅读理解之细节理解题
考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。
考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。
主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
【构建知识体系】
细节理解题
考点1
事实细节题
考点2
细节转换与是非判断题
考点3
数字计算题
考点4
细节排序题
纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2017年全国高考阅读理解命题方向如下：
1.
第Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的50%~60%，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.7。
2.
第Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题1题。
规律方法1：
如何解决事实细节题？
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。
规律方法2：如何解决细节转换与是非判断题
细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。
1.
语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
2.
图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用＂文字锁定法＂，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。
3.
是非判断题，采用对号入座法和排除法。对号入座法就是根据关键词返回原文，找出相关内容，从中找出答案。正确答案与原文表述可能有出入，但意思一样，万变不离其宗。排除法，针对是非判断题中的＂三错一对＂或＂三对一错＂类试题，要求仔细阅读文章，比较选项与原文的异同，然后做出正确判断。
规律方法3：如何解决数字计算题？
先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
1.
仔细阅读文字说明部分，准确把握图表信息。
2.
仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。
3.
运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。
规律方法4：如何解决细节排序题？
做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
典例一
(2016 新课标全国卷I，A)
You
probably
know
who
Marie
Curie
was,
but
you
may
not
have
heard
of
Rachel
Carson.
Of
the
outstanding
ladies
listed
below,
who
do
you
think
was
the
most
important
woman
of
the
past
100
years
Jane
Addams(1860—1935)
Anyone
who
has
ever
been
helped
by
a
social
worker
has
Jane
Addams
to
thank.
Addams
helped
the
poor
and
worked
for
peace.
She
encouraged
a
sense
of
community(社区)
by
creating
shelters
and
promoting
education
and
services
for
people
in
need.
In
1931,
Addams
became
the
first
American
woman
to
win
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize.
Rachel
Carson(1907—1964)
If
it
weren’t
for
Rachel
Carson,
the
environmental
movement
might
not
exist
today.
Her
popular
1962
book
Silent
Spring
raised
awareness
of
the
dangers
of
pollution
and
the
harmful
effects
of
chemicals
on
humans
and
on
the
world’s
lakes
and
oceans.
Sandra
Day
O’Connor(1930—present)
When
Sandra
Day
O’Connor
finished
third
in
her
class
at
Stanford
Law
School,
in
1952,
he
could
not
find
work
at
a
law
firm
because
she
was
a
woman.
She
became
an
Arizona
state
senator(参议员)
and,
in
1981,
the
first
woman
to
join
the
U.S.
Supreme
Court.
O’Connor
gave
the
deciding
vote
in
many
important
cases
during
her
24
years
on
the
top
court.
Rosa
Parks(1913—2005)
On
December
1,
1955,
in
Montgomery,
Alabama,
Rosa
Parks
would
not
give
up
her
seat
on
a
bus
to
a
white
passenger.
Her
simple
act
landed
Parks
in
prison.
But
it
also
set
off
the
Montgomery
bus
boycott.
It
lasted
for
more
than
a
year,
and
kicked
off
the
civil-rights
movement.
＂The
only
tired
I
was,
was
tired
of
giving
in,＂
said
Parks.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域作出了非凡的贡献。
21.
What
is
Jane
Addams
noted
for
in
history
A.
Her
social
work.
B.
Her
teaching
skills.
C.
Her
efforts
to
win
a
prize.
D.
Her
community
background.
21.
A
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第二段首句可知她是一位社会工作者，而且获得诺贝尔和平奖。故选A。
22.
What
was
the
reason
for
O’Connor’s
being
rejected
by
the
law
firm
A.
Her
lack
of
proper
training
in
law.
B.
Her
little
work
experience
in
court.
C.
The
discrimination
against
women.
D.
The
poor
financial
conditions.
22.
C
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第四段中的she
could
not
find
work
at
a
law
firm
because
she
was
a
woman可知，她因为是女性而不被法律公司录用。故选C。
23.
Who
made
a
great
contribution
to
the
civil-rights
movement
in
the
U.S.
A.
Jane
Addams.
B.
Rachel
Carson.
C.
Sandra
Day
O’Connor.
D.
Rosa
Parks.
23.
D
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据末段倒数第二句中的and
kicked
off
the
civil-rights
movement可知，Rosa
Parks对民权运动作出了贡献。故选D。
典例二
(2016·新课标全国卷II，A)
What’s
On
Electric
Underground
7.30pm—1.00am
Free
at
the
Cyclops
Theatre
Do
you
know
who’s
playing
in
your
area
We’re
bringing
you
an
exciting
evening
of
live
rock
and
pop
music
from
the
best
local
bands.
Are
you
interested
in
becoming
a
musician
and
getting
a
recording
contract(合同)
If
so，
come
early
to
the
talk
at
7.30pm
by
Jules
Skye,
a
successful
record
producer.
He’s
going
to
talk
about
how
you
can
find
the
right
person
to
produce
your
music.
Gee
Whizz
8.30pm—10.30pm
Comedy
at
Kaleidoscope
Come
and
see
Gee
Whizz
perform.
He’s
the
funniest
stand-up
comedian
on
the
comedy
scene.
This
joyful
show
will
please
everyone,
from
the
youngest
to
the
oldest.
Gee
Whizz
really
knows
how
to
make
you
laugh!
Our
bar
is
open
from
7.00pm
for
drinks
and
snacks(快餐).
Simon’s
Workshop
5.00pm—7.30pm
Wednesdays
at
Victoria
Stage
This
is
a
good
chance
for
anyone
who
wants
to
learn
how
to
do
comedy.
The
workshop
looks
at
every
kind
of
comedy,
and
practices
many
different
ways
of
making
people
laugh.
Simon
is
a
comedian
and
actor
who
has
10
years’
experience
of
teaching
comedy.
His
workshops
are
exciting
and
fun.
An
evening
with
Simon
will
give
you
the
confidence
to
be
funny.
Charlotte
Stone
8.00pm—11.00pm
Pizza
World
Fine
food
with
beautiful
jazz
music;
this
is
a
great
evening
out.
Charlotte
Stone
will
perform
songs
from
her
new
best-selling
CD,
with
James
Pickering
on
the
piano.
The
menu
is
Italian,
with
excellent
meat
and
fresh
fish,
pizzas
and
pasta(面食).
Book
early
to
get
a
table.
Our
bar
is
open
all
day,
and
serves
cocktails,
coffee,
beer,
and
white
wine.
【文章大意】本文属于广告类阅读，分别介绍了四则广告Electric
Underground、Gee
Whizz、Simon’s
Workshop、Charlotte
Stone的具体内容及细节信息。
21.
Who
can
help
you
if
you
want
to
have
your
music
produced
A.
Jules
Skye.
B.
Gee
Whizz.
C.
Charlotte
Stone.
D.
James
Pickering.
21.
A
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第一则广告最后一句He’s
going
to
talk
about
how
you
can
find
the
right
person
to
produce
your
music可知Jules
Skye可以教你如何制作音乐。那么如果你想做你自己的音乐，你就可以去找他。故A正确。
22.
At
which
place
can
people
of
different
ages
enjoy
a
good
laugh
A.
The
Cyclops
Theatre.
B.
Kaleidoscope.
C.
Victoria
Stage.
D.
Pizza
World.
22.
B
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第二则广告第三句This
joyful
show
will
please
everyone,
from
the
youngest
to
the
oldest可知，这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都开心，而该表演的场所在Kaleidoscope。故B正确。
23.
What
do
we
know
about
Simon’s
Workshop
A.
It
requires
membership
status.
B.
It
lasts
three
hours
each
time.
C.
It
is
run
by
a
comedy
club.
D.
It
is
held
every
Wednesday
23.
D
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第三则广告第二行中的＂5.00
pm—7.30pm
Wednesdays
at
Victoria
Stage＂可知Simon’s
Workshop的表演是在每周三下午5点至7点30之间进行。故D项正确。
24.
When
will
Charlotte
Stone
perform
her
songs
A.
5.00pm—7.30pm.
B.
7.30pm—1.00am.
C.
8.00pm—11.00pm.
D.
8.30pm—10.30pm.
24.
C
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第四则广告中的＂8.00pm—11.00pm
Pizza
World＂可知Charlotte
Stone将在晚上8点至11点之间表演她最受欢迎的歌曲。故C项正确。
(2017届山东省潍坊中学高三上学期开学考试)You
use
her
as
a
shoulder
to
cry
on.
She
texts
you
back
with
casual
jokes.
But
she,
Xiaoice,
is
only
a
virtual
chatbot(虚拟聊天机器人).
Xiaoice,
Microsoft’s
latest
artificial
intelligence
robot,
was
briefly
released
in
2014,
and
returned
to
WeChat
in
2015,
where
she
became
a
big
hit.
Millions
of
young
Chinese
now
exchange
messages
with
her
daily,
The
New
York
Times
reported.
On
WeChat,
Xiaoice
is
an
official
account.
After
following
it,
users
can
start
text-based
conversations
with
Xiaoice.
＂Her
incredible
learning
ability
was
why
people
loved
to
talk
with
Xiaoice,＂
Liu
Jinchang,
a
researcher
at
High-tech
Research
and
Development
Center
under
the
Ministry
of
Science
and
Technology,
told
China
Daily.
Apart
from
her
ability
to
identify
photos
and
send
emojis(表情符号)
in
conversations,
Xiaoice
gains
45
percent
of
her
knowledge
from
interacting
with
users,
China
Daily
reported.
Chatbot
programs
first
appeared
in
the
mid-1960s
in
the
US.
Driven
by
top
tech
companies,
they
are
becoming
smarter
and
more
common.
For
instance,
IBM’s
latest
artificial
intelligence
program
served
as
an
academic
consultant
at
Australia’s
Deakin
University,
answering
students’
questions
about
course
schedules
and
financial
aid.
Apple’s
Siri
and
Amazon’s
Alexa
have
been
used
as
voice
assistants
who
can
read
news,
play
music
and
even
make
jokes
for
their
users.
These
programs
are
expected
to
move
beyond
smartphones,
into
televisions,
cars
and
living
rooms,
The
New
York
Times
pointed
out.
However,
it
may
take
decades
before
scientists
develop
a
＂Samantha＂,
the
advanced
chatbot
seen
in
the
fiction
film
Her.
In
the
film,
Samantha
has
a
romantic
relationship
with
her
user
played
by
US
actor
Joaquin
Phoenix.
Many
viewers
were
enthusiastic
about
this
fantasy
of
virtual
soul
mates.
1.
What
does
the
underlined
part
in
Paragraph
2
mean
A.
She
became
a
best
seller.
B.
She
became
very
powerful.
C.
She
became
a
moneymaker.
D.
She
became
very
popular.
2.
Which
of
the
following
can
Xiaoice
do
A.
Do
housework.
B.
Spread
messages.
C.
Identify
various
photos.
D.
Read
news
to
its
users.
3.
Which
company’s
chatbot
program
can
act
as
an
academic
consultant
A.
Microsoft.
B.
IBM.
C.
Apple.
D.
Amazon.
4.
What
can
be
learned
from
the
last
paragraph
A.
Chatbots
will
be
applied
to
cars
soon.
B.
Chatbots
mainly
run
on
smartphones
now.
C.
Samantha
is
played
by
a
US
actor
in
the
film.
D.
The
film
Her
doesn’t
interest
many
audience.
【文章大意】本文讲述的是人工智能程序的发展情况。列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎，IBM的人工智能程序能成为顾问，但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上，人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。
1.
D
【命题意图】词义猜测题。
【解题思路】根据she
became
a
big
hit.
Millions
of
young
Chinese
now
exchange
messages
with
her
daily可知，她在微信上大受欢迎，很多中国人都喜欢与她聊天，故选D。
2.
C
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第三段中的her
ability
to
identify
photos
and
send
emojis可知，她有能力分辨照片和发送表情符号，故选C。
3.
B
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第四段中的IBM’s
latest
artificial
intelligence
program
served
as
an
academic
consultant可知，IBM的最新人工智能程序可以作为学术顾问，故选B。
4.
B
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据最后一段中的These
programs
are
expected
to
move
beyond
smartphones,
into
televisions,
cars
and
living
rooms可知，人们期待这些程序除了智能手机之外，也能应用在电视、汽车、起居室等地，所以目前是主要应用在智能手机上，故选B。
A
Wanted,
Someone
for
FM
90.8
We’re
looking
for
a
radio
announcer
to
join
us
on
Anhui
Transportation
Broadcasting
FM
90.8.
Broadcasting
and
hosting
major
is
necessary,
along
with
some
experience
in
radio
and
music.
Please
apply
in
writing
to
Anhui
Radio
and
TV
Station.
Father
Christmas
We’re
looking
for
a
very
special
person,
preferably
over
40,
to
fill
our
Father
Christmas
suit.
Working
days:
Every
Saturday
and
Sunday
from
December
11
to
December
20
and
every
day
from
December
21
to
December
25,
14:30—20:00.
Excellent
pay.
Please
contact
Yurun
Central
Square,
Changjiang
Road.
Accountants
Assistant
When
you
join
the
team
in
our
Social
Security
Administration
Office,
you
will
be
providing
assistance
within
all
parts
of
the
Office,
dealing
with
post
and
other
general
duties.
If
you
are
educated
in
a
211
University
we
would
like
to
talk
to
you.
This
position
is
equally
suitable
for
a
school
leaver
or
for
somebody
who
has
office
experience.
Social
Security
Administration
Office
Software
Trainer
If
you
are
aged
22—48
and
have
experience
in
teaching
and
training,
you
could
be
the
person
we
are
looking
for.
You
should
be
good
at
the
computer
and
have
some
experience
in
programme
writing.
You
will
be
allowed
to
make
your
own
decisions,
and
to
design
courses
as
well
as
present
them.
Pay
upwards
of
8,000
for
the
right
person.
Please
apply
by
sending
your
CV
to
Mrs.
Huang,
Huanghe
Computer
Training
Center.
1.
Who
should
you
get
in
touch
with
if
you
hope
to
work
in
a
radio
station
A.
Yurun
Central
Square.
B.
Mrs.
Huang,
Huanghe
Computer
Training
Center.
C.
Anhui
Radio
and
TV
Station.
D.
Social
Security
Administration
Office.
2.
We
learn
from
the
ads
that
Yurun
Central
Square
needs
a
person
who___________.
A.
is
aged
between
22
and
48
B.
needs
to
do
some
training
work
C.
should
deal
with
general
duties
D.
can
work
for
about
a
fortnight
3.
Which
position
is
open
to
recent
school
graduates
A.
Accountants
Assistant.
B.
Father
Christmas.
C.
Radio
announcer.
D.
Software
Trainer.
4.
What
kind
of
person
would
probably
apply
to
Huanghe
Computer
Training
Center
A.
One
graduating
from
a
211
university.
B.
One
with
some
office
experience.
C.
One
having
good
computer
knowledge.
D.
One
with
experience
in
radio
and
music.
B
You
may
laugh
it
off
if
someone
told
you
that
extreme
weather
disasters
were
actually
a
child’s
tricks.
But
El
Nino,
meaning
＂little
boy＂
in
Spanish,
could
be
about
to
cause
trouble.
A
recent
statement
from
the
US
National
Oceanic
and
Atmospheric
Administration
warned
of
a
strong
El
Nino
event
that
may
be
similar
to
the
strongest
in
modern
times.
Scientists
believe
that
evidence
shows
a
more
than
90
percent
chance
that
it
is
coming
—
and
it’s
going
to
be
big.
＂If
this
lives
up
to
its
potential,
this
thing
can
bring
a
lot
of
floods,
mudslides
(泥石流),
and
trouble,＂
said
Bill
Patzert,
a
NASA
scientist.
El
Nino
is
a
climate
event
occurring
in
the
Pacific
Ocean.
The
wind
usually
blows
strongly
from
east
to
west
due
to
the
rotation
(旋转)
of
the
Earth.
This
causes
water
to
pile
up
in
the
Western
Pacific
and
pulls
up
colder
water
from
the
bottom
in
the
eastern
part.
However,
in
El
Nino
years,
the
winds
pushing
the
water
get
weaker
and
cause
the
warmer
water
to
shift
back
toward
the
east.
This
warms
the
ocean
as
it
travels
before
finally
reaching
the
shores
of
North
and
South
America.
In
an
El
Nino
event,
the
waters
of
the
eastern
Pacific
can
be
up
to
4
degrees
Celsius
warmer
than
usual.
Most
El
Ninos
last
from
9
to
12
months
and
their
effects
are
felt
around
December.
They
don’t
happen
every
year
though,
usually
between
every
two
to
seven
years.
Last
seen
in
1997—98,
El
Nino
caused
severe
droughts
in
Australia,
the
Philippines
and
Indonesia,
as
well
as
deadly
floods
in
Peru
and
Ecuador.
The
world
also
heats
up
during
an
ElNino
—
1998
became
the
warmest
year
on
record
at
the
time.
If
the
current
trend
continues,
2015
is
almost
certainly
to
become
the
hottest
year
yet
again.
A
strong
El
Nino
also
affects
hurricane
seasons
around
the
planet.
The
warmer
the
Eastern
Pacific
is,
the
more
hurricanes
it
gets.
The
Western
Pacific,
on
the
other
hand,
tends
to
see
more
and
stronger
typhoons.
The
weather
isn’t
the
only
thing
that’s
affected.
Warmer
surface
waters
in
the
Eastern
Pacific
make
the
cold-water
fish
swim
away
and
damage
the
fishing
industry
in
much
of
Latin
America.
1.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about
A.
El
Nino
and
its
harmful
effects.
B.
Extreme
weather
disasters
ever.
C.
The
hottest
years
ever
in
history.
D.
The
strongest
El
Nino
in
history.
2.
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE
about
El
Nino
A.
It
results
from
hurricanes
or
typhoons
in
the
oceans.
B.
It
happens
every
two
years
and
last
about
half
a
year.
C.
It
is
a
weather
phenomenon
occurring
in
the
Atlantic.
D.
It
can
cause
extreme
weather,
such
as
floods
and
droughts.
3.
During
an
El
Nino
year,
___________.
A.
the
wind
blows
so
strongly
that
it
causes
the
water
to
pile
up
B.
the
fishing
industry
in
much
of
Latin
America
is
likely
to
suffer
C.
the
more
typhoons
it
experiences,
the
warmer
the
Western
Pacific
is
D.
the
surface
water
in
the
Eastern
Pacific
usually
gets
colder
than
ever
4.
El
Nino
in
fact
results
from
___________.
A.
a
little
Spanish
child’s
trick
B.
the
natural
rotating
of
the
Earth
C.an
American
expert’s
prediction
D.
the
weaker
winds
in
the
Pacific
A
【文章大意】本文是应用文，主要列举了几则招聘信息。
1.
C
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】由第一个广告中的＂We’re
looking
for
a
radio
announcer
to
join
us
on
Anhui
Transportation
Broadcasting
FM
90.8＂可知，Anhui
Radio
and
TV
Station正在招聘广播员，故C选项切合题意。
2.
D
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】由第二个广告中的＂Every
Saturday
and
Sunday
from
December
11
to
December
20
and
every
day
from
December
21
to
December
25,
14:30—20:00＂可知，Yurun
Central
Square招聘的人工作时间在12月11号工作到
12月25号之间，共计两个星期，故D选项切题。
3.
A
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】由第三个广告中的＂This
position
is
equally
suitable
for
a
school
leaver
or
for
somebody
who
has
office
experience＂可知，Accountants
Assistant适合刚从大学毕业的人，故A选项切题。
4.
C
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】由最后一个广告中的＂You
should
be
good
at
the
computer
and
have
some
experience
in
programme
writing＂可知，申请该工作的人要擅长电脑。故C选项切题。
B
【文章大意】本文讲述了厄尔尼诺现象及其危害。
1.
A
【命题意图】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】通读文章可知，本文讲述了厄尔尼诺现象及其危害。故选A。
2.
D
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第五段中的＂Last
seen
in
1997-98,
El
Nino
caused
severe
droughts
in
Australia,
the
Philippines
and
Indonesia,
as
well
as
deadly
floods
in
Peru
and
Ecuador.＂，可知厄尔尼诺现象导致了干旱和水灾。故选D。
3.
B
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据最后一段的描述，厄尔尼诺现象不仅导致气候变化，也使海水变暖，导致一部分鱼类游走，使得拉丁美洲的渔业受到危害。故选B。
4.
D
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第三段中的＂However,
in
El
Nino
years,
the
winds
pushing
the
water
get
weaker
and
cause
the
warmer
water
to
shift
back
toward
the
east.
This
warms
the
ocean
as
it
travels
before
finally
reaching
the
shores
of
North
and
South
America.
In
an
El
Nino
event,
the
waters
of
the
eastern
Pacific
can
be
up
to
4
degrees
Celsius
warmer
than
usual.＂可知西北季风削弱了东南信风，使秘鲁寒流冷水上泛减弱甚至消失，而且吹拂着水温较高的赤道暖流南下。故选D。
5月18日
今日心情：
阅读理解篇之推理判断题
理判断题着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实、隐含的信息或文章的深层意义。这类题目旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意的能力。
近三年来新课标全国卷Ⅰ、II、III中四篇阅读里推理判断题的考查题数
试卷
2014年
2015年
2016年
新课标全国卷I
6道
5道
7道
新课标全国卷II
8道
3道
5道
新课标全国卷III
/
/
6道
【试题分析】
一、常见提问方式
1.
The
writer/author/passage
implies/suggests(暗示)
that
________.
2.
It
can
be
inferred(推断)
from
the
story
that
________.
3.
We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
________.
4.
The
passage
is
intended
to
________.
5.
The
first
paragraph
of
this
passage
is
to
________.
6.
From
the
passage,
we
can
learn/conclude
that
________.
7.
The
passage
may
from/be
a(n)
________.
8.
Which
of
the
following
might
happen
later
9.
What
will
the
passage
talk
about/What
will
the
author/writer
write
in
the
next
paragraph
二、选项特点
1.
正确选项的特点：
(1)一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；(2)表述一般不会太绝对，会用一些意义相对宽泛的词，如often,
usually,
sometimes,
some,
may,
might,
can,
could,
possibly,
probably等；(3)有时候与通过常识判断出的结论相反，要特别注意。
2.
干扰项的特点：
(1)只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；(2)与推断出来的正确结果相反；(3)根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑的基础上推理得出的结论；(4)虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为依据，但推理过头、概括过度；(5)部分选项的内容纯属编造。
综观近几年全国高考试题，预测2017年高考试题中推理判断题所占的比例会基本与2016年持平。推理判断题不会涉及复杂的推理和判断，推测的内容会涉及文章的一句话或几句话、可能是一个或者两三个段落、甚至可能是整篇文章。
推理判断题的设题形式有很多，不同的题型对应不同的技巧。如下表所示：
推断内容
考查点
解题方法
推断隐含含义
考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力
1.
跳读，找到相关信息点(推理的依据)；2.
细读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；3.
结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，理解作者的言外之意。
推断写作意图
考查考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的的能力
根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的：1.记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章——娱乐读者；2.
夹叙夹议文——让读者得到某种启示或教育；3.
广告和议论文——说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；4.
科普说明文或新闻报道——告知读者某些信息。
推断下段内容、文章出处
考查考生通过阅读材料，预测内容及推断材料的来源的能力
1.
根据文章的内容或结构来推断；2.
根据各种文体的特征来判断其出处：如广告的用词和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨认；报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；产品说明的特点也比较明显，一般会介绍其名称、作用、操作方式等。
推断目标读者
考查考生根据短文内容推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的的能力
根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和语气来判断。
典例一
(2016·新课标全国卷II,B)
Five
years
ago,
when
I
taught
art
at
a
school
in
Seattle,
I
used
Tinkertoys
as
a
test
at
the
beginning
of
a
term
to
find
out
something
about
my
students.
I
put
a
small
set
of
Tinkertoys
in
front
of
each
student,
and
said:
＂Make
something
out
of
the
Tinkertoys.
You
have
45
minutes
today
—
and
45
minutes
each
day
for
the
rest
of
the
week.＂
A
few
students
hesitated
to
start.
They
waited
to
see
what
the
rest
of
the
class
would
do.
Several
others
checked
the
instructions
and
made
something
according
to
one
of
the
model
plans
provided.
Another
group
built
something
out
of
their
own
imaginations.
Once
I
had
a
boy
who
worked
experimentally
with
Tinkertoys
in
his
free
time.
His
constructions
filled
a
shelf
in
the
art
classroom
and
a
good
part
of
his
bedroom
at
home.
I
was
delighted
at
the
presence
of
such
a
student.
Here
was
an
exceptionally
creative
mind
at
work.
His
presence
meant
that
I
had
an
unexpected
teaching
assistant
in
class
whose
creativity
would
infect(感染)
other
students.
Encouraging
this
kind
of
thinking
has
a
downside.
I
ran
the
risk
of
losing
those
students
who
had
a
different
style
of
thinking.
Without
fail
one
would
declare,
＂But
I’m
just
not
creative.＂
＂Do
you
dream
at
night
when
you’re
asleep ＂
＂Oh,
sure.＂
＂So
tell
me
one
of
your
most
interesting
dreams.＂
The
student
would
tell
something
wildly
imaginative.
Flying
in
the
sky
or
in
a
time
machine
or
growing
three
heads.
＂That’s
pretty
creative.
Who
does
that
for
you ＂
＂Nobody.
I
do
it.＂
＂Really
—
at
night,
when
you’re
asleep ＂
＂Sure.＂
＂Try
doing
it
in
the
daytime,
in
class,
okay ＂
【文章大意】本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。
25.
The
teacher
used
Tinkertoys
in
class
in
order
to
__________.
A.
know
more
about
the
students
B.
make
the
lessons
more
exciting
C.
raise
the
students’
interest
in
art
D.
teach
the
students
about
toy
design
25.
A
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹豫着在等着看别人如何行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另外一些学生则根据自己的想象做出了一些东西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同的理解。故A正确。
26.
What
do
we
know
about
the
boy
mentioned
in
Paragraph
3
A.
He
liked
to
help
his
teacher.
B.
He
preferred
to
study
alone.
C.
He
was
active
in
class.
D.
He
was
imaginative.
26.
D
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第二句＂Here
was
an
exceptionally
creative
mind
at
work＂说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故D项正确。
28.
Why
did
the
teacher
ask
the
students
to
talk
about
their
dreams
A.
To
help
them
to
see
their
creativity.
B.
To
find
out
about
their
sleeping
habits.
C.
To
help
them
to
improve
their
memory.
D.
To
find
out
about
their
ways
of
thinking.
28.
A
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的有创造性和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们看到自己的创造性和想象力。故A正确。
典例二
(2016·上海，A)
One
early
morning,
I
went
into
the
living
room
to
find
my
mother
reading
a
thick
book
called
Best
Loved
Poems
to
Read
Again
and
Again.
My
interest
was
aroused
only
by
the
fact
that
the
word
＂Poems＂
appeared
in
big,
hot
pink
letters.
＂Is
it
good ＂
I
asked
her.
＂Yeah,＂
she
answered.
＂There’s
one
I
really
like
and
you’ll
like
it,
too.＂
I
leaned
forward.
＂‘Patty
Poem,’＂
she
read
the
title.
Who
is
Patty
I
wondered.
The
poem
began:
She
never
puts
her
toys
away,
Just
leaves
them
scattered①
where
they
lay,…
①散乱的
The
poem
was
just
three
short
sections.
The
final
one
came
quickly:
When
she
grows
and
gathers
poise②,
②稳重
I’ll
miss
her
harum-scarum③
noise,
③莽撞的
And
look
in
vain④
for
scattered
toys.
④徒劳地
And
I’ll
be
sad.
A
terrible
sorrow
washed
over
me.
Whoever
Patty
was,
she
was
a
mean
girl.
Then,
the
shock.
＂It’s
you,
honey,＂
My
mother
said
sadly.
To
my
mother,
the
poem
revealed
a
parent’s
affection
when
her
child
grows
up
and
leaves.
To
me,
the
＂she＂in
the
poem
was
horror.
It
was
my
mama
who
would
be
sad.
It
was
so
terrible
I
burst
out
crying.
＂What’s
wrong ＂my
mother
asked.
＂Oh
Mama,＂I
cried.＂I
don’t
want
to
grow
up
ever!＂
She
smiled.＂Honey,
it’s
okay.
You’re
not
growing
up
anytime
soon.
And
when
you
do,
I’ll
still
love
you,
okay ＂
＂Okay,＂I
was
still
weeping.
My
panic
has
gone.
But
I
could
not
help
thinking
about
that
silly
poem.
After
what
seemed
like
a
safe
amount
of
time,
I
read
the
poem
again
and
was
confused.
It
all
fit
so
well
together,
like
a
puzzle.
The
language
was
simple,
so
simple
I
could
plainly
understand
its
meaning,
yet
it
was
still
beautiful.
I
was
now
fascinated
by
the
idea
of
poetry,
words
that
had
the
power
to
make
or
break
a
person’s
world.
I
have
since
fallen
in
love
with
other
poems,
but
＂Patty
Poem＂
remains
my
poem.
After
all,
＂Patty
Poem＂
gave
me
my
love
for
poetry
not
because
it
was
the
poem
that
lifted
my
spirits,
but
because
it
was
the
one
that
hurt
me
the
most.
【文章大意】本文属于记叙文，叙述了作者通过阅读＂Patty
Poem＂感受到诗歌的美，进而爱上了诗。
68.
The
writer’s
mother
liked
to
read
＂Patty
Poem＂
probably
because
___________.
A.
it
reflected
her
own
childhood
B.
it
was
written
in
simple
language
C.
it
was
composed
by
a
famous
poet
D.
it
gave
her
a
hint
of
what
would
happen
68.
D
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据＂To
my
mother,
the
poem
revealed
a
parent’s
affection
when
her
child
grows
up
and
leaves.
To
me,
the
‘she’
in
the
poem
was
horror.
It
was
my
mama
who
would
be
sad.＂可知，对妈妈来说，这首诗让她想起我也会长大，并且也会离开她，她也会因为我的离开而非常难受，所以这本书让她把未来可能发生的事情联系了起来。故D项正确。
69.
It
can
be
concluded
from
the
passage
that＂Patty
Poem＂leads
the
writer
to
___________.
A.
discover
the
power
of
poetry
B.
recognize
her
love
for
puzzles
C.
find
her
eagerness
to
grow
up
D.
experience
great
homesickness
69.
A
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据文章最后一段可知这首诗让作者感受了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，因为这是一首有强烈的情感冲击力的诗歌。故A项正确。
(2016·海淀区高三年级第一学期期末)Conventional
wisdom
is
a
major
barrier
to
innovation
that
threatens
the
survival
of
companies
everywhere.
It’s
based
on
the
assumption
that
old
ideas
will
always
work,
so
they
shouldn’t
be
challenged.
While
this
may
be
a
valid
assumption
in
situations
that
don’t
change,
it’s
unlikely
to
hold
true
in
a
changing
situation.
In
today’s
rapid
changing
global
environment,
old
methods
often
don’t
work,
and
stubbornly
using
them
can
lead
to
major
problems.
Most
people
seem
to
agree
with
conventional
wisdom
because
it
gives
one
a
false
sense
of
security.
If
everyone
else
believes
it,
then
it
must
be
true.
Individuals
who
use
conventional
wisdom
are
certain
that
they
are
right,
and
being
right
is
good.
They
want
to
continue
using
old
ideas
rather
than
take
risks
with
changes
that
might
not
work.
In
1977,
Ken
Olsen,
co-founder
and
CEO
of
Digital
Equipment
Corporation
(DEC),
stated
＂There
is
no
reason
for
any
individual
to
have
a
computer
in
his
home.＂
Despite
being
a
dominant
leader
in
the
computer
industry,
DEC
no
longer
exists.
People
seem
to
forget
that
since
innovation
is
a
change,
there
can
be
no
innovation
without
change.
Unfortunately,
conventional
wisdom
prevents
leaders,
followers
and
companies
from
changing
and
therefore
innovating.
If
companies
don’t
innovate,
but
their
competitors
do,
the
future
is
likely
to
be
problematic.
Breaking
from
conventional
wisdom
has
led
to
many
of
the
most
innovative
companies
and
products
in
history
across
many
industries,
so
it
has
a
powerful
effect
on
business
success.
Ted
Turner
(founder
of
CNN)
knew
little,
if
anything,
about
the
news
business,
but
he
knew
it
was
inconvenient
to
watch
news
only
at
the
dinner
hour,
as
was
common
before
CNN.
Turner’s
solution
was
to
create
a
cable
channel
dedicated
to
news
24
hours
a
day.
The
news
establishment
reflected
conventional
wisdom
at
the
time,
and
predicted
his
idea
would
fail
because
no
one
wanted
to
watch
the
news
all
day.
However,
it
doesn’t
take
a
rocket
scientist
to
understand
that
viewers
don’t
have
to
watch
the
news
all
day
for
the
CNN
to
work.
Viewers
just
have
to
watch
when
they
want
to
get
information.
Due
to
conventional
thinking,
the
critics
failed
to
recognize
the
opportunity
that
was
clear
to
Ted.
They
assumed
that
only
what
was
familiar
to
them
could
work
in
the
future.
Conventional
wisdom
prevents
creativity,
flexibility
and
risk-taking,
so
unconventional
leaders
enthusiastically
break
from
it.
To
survive,
thrive
and
maintain
competitive
advantage,
companies
must
be
flexible
when
reacting
to
change.
1.
DEC
has
disappeared
probably
because
___________.
A.
the
consumers
didn’t
like
its
products
B.
the
leaders
lacked
the
sense
of
security
C.
the
CEO
stuck
to
the
conventional
ideas
D.
the
employees
took
many
risks
with
changes
2.
The
founding
of
CNN
is
used
as
an
example
to
prove
___________.
A.
missing
opportunities
could
lead
to
failure
B.
changing
could
contribute
to
business
success
C.
watching
news
at
the
dinner
hour
is
convenient
D.
conventional
wisdom
influences
business
success
3.
What
does
the
underlined
part
probably
mean
A.
Rocket
scientists
can
ensure
the
CNN
works
properly.
B.
Most
of
the
viewers
don’t
like
to
watch
the
news
at
work.
C.
It’s
necessary
to
understand
when
people
watch
the
news.
D.
It’s
easy
to
know
people
needn’t
watch
the
news
all
the
time.
4.
The
passage
is
mainly
written
to
tell
us
that
___________.
A.
old
methods
are
changing
with
time
B.
opportunities
lead
to
business
success
C.
conventional
wisdom
limits
innovation
D.
successful
companies
need
wise
leaders
【文章大意】本文讲述的是传统思想阻碍了经济的发展以及企业打破传统思想的必要性。
1.
C
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第二段最后三句可知，DEC的CEO认为私人家里不应该有电脑，不久后DEC就消失了，故选C。
2.
B
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第四段第一句＂Ted
Turner
(founder
of
CNN)
knew
little,
if
anything,
about
the
news
business,
but
he
knew
it
was
inconvenient
to
watch
news
only
at
the
dinner
hour,
as
was
common
before
CNN.＂可知CNN的创始人Ted
Turner知道只在晚饭看新闻是不方便的。所以接下来就有了CNN，所以说改变是有益于生意的发展。故选B。
3.
D
【命题意图】句意理解题。
【解题思路】画线句子＂it
doesn’t
take
a
rocket
scientist
to
understand
that
viewers
don’t
have
to
watch
the
news
all
day
for
the
CNN
to
work.＂中的＂doesn’t
take
a
rocket
scientist
to
understand＂意为容易理解。故选D。
4.
C
【命题意图】目的意图题。
【解题思路】根据最后一段内容可知，传统思想阻碍了创造力、灵活性和冒险精神，所以不传统的领导者满腔热情地打破它。为了生存、发展和保持竞争力，公司在应对变化时必须要灵活。故选C。
A
Do
you
have
imagination
Do
you
like
to
solve
problems
Can
you
If
so,
you
could
be
the
next
great
inventor.
＂But
I’m
just
a
kid,＂
you
might
say!
Don’t
worry
about
a
little
thing
like
age.
For
example,
one
famous
inventor
—
Benjamin
Franklin
—
got
his
start
when
he
was
only
12.
At
that
young
age,
he
created
paddles
for
his
hands
to
help
him
swim
faster.
Finally
his
creation
led
to
what
we
know
is
called
flippers!
So
you
don’t
have
to
be
an
adult
to
be
an
inventor.
One
thing
you
do
need,
though,
is
something
that
kids
have
plenty
of:
curiosity
and
imagination.
Kids
are
known
for
looking
at
things
in
new
and
unique
ways.
So
what
should
you
do
if
you
have
what
is
a
great
idea
for
an
invention
Talk
to
a
friend
or
family
member
about
it.
Get
input
from
others
about
your
idea.
Then
ask
them
to
help
you
create
a
working
model
—
called
a
prototype(原型)
—
of
your
idea.
Once
you
have
a
prototype,
you
can
test
it.
Sometimes
your
idea
turns
out
to
be
not
as
great
as
you
thought.
At
other
times,
though,
you
realize
it
is
a
good
idea
and
your
prototype
can
help
you
figure
out
how
to
make
it
even
better.
If
your
idea
is
really
a
good
one,
an
adult
can
help
you
contact
companies
that
might
be
interested
in
it.
You
will
also
want
an
adult’s
help
to
get
a
patent(专利权)
for
your
idea,
so
that
it
is
protected
and
can’t
be
stolen
by
someone
else.
If
you
need
some
inspiration,
consider
these
kids
and
their
inventions:
Jeanie
Low
invented
the
Kiddie
Stool
when
she
was
just
11.
It’s
a
folding
stool
that
fits
under
the
kitchen
sink.
Kids
can
unfold
it
and
use
it
to
reach
the
sink
all
by
themselves.
At
the
age
of
15,
Louis
Braille
invented
the
system
named
after
him
that
allows
the
blind
to
read.
Chelsea
Lanmon
received
a
patent
when
she
was
just
8
for
the
＂pocket
diaper＂,
a
new
type
of
diaper
that
includes
a
pocket
for
holding
baby
wipes
and
powder.

1.
By
saying
＂But
I’m
just
a
kid＂,
you
probably
means
you
　　
　.
A.
are
too
young
to
achieve
anything
B.
can
do
anything
though
you
are
young
C.
are
old
enough
to
become
an
inventor
D.
have
to
learn
knowledge
from
other
people
2.
Kids
are
most
likely
to
be
inventors
probably
because
they
　
　　.
A.
would
like
to
make
friends
with
others
B.
usually
work
hard
at
their
lessons
at
school
C.
like
playing
all
kinds
of
toys
at
home
D.
think
about
things
in
quite
different
ways
3.
Who
invented
something
that
helps
the
blind
to
read
A.
Jeanie
Low.
B.
Benjamin
Franklin.
C.
Chelsea
Lanmon.
D.
Louis
Braille.
4.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
this
passage
A.
Kids
have
curiosity
and
imagination.
B.
There
are
some
world
famous
inventors.
C.
Kids
are
exactly
like
adults
in
a
way.
D.
It
is
possible
for
kids
to
be
inventors.
B
I
received
a
call
today
asking
if
I
would
be
willing
to
bring
food
to
a
family
in
need.
The
mother
was
having
a
major
operation
and
would
be
lying
down
for
several
weeks.
Of
course,
I
responded
with
an
immediate
＂Yes!＂.
As
I
planned
the
meal
in
my
head,
I
reflected
on
how
many
times
over
the
years
I
had
been
asked
to
prepare
food.
I
have
done
so
countless
times
with
a
very
open
heart.
But
the
truly
amazing
thing
is
that
I
have
received
double
over
the
course
of
my
life.
When
my
mother
passed
away,
our
house
was
filled
with
fresh
dinners
for
weeks.
A
woman
from
the
church
of
our
community
stepped
by
each
evening
with
some
food.
The
gift
of
food
was
her
small
way
of
trying
to
ease
our
pain.
Later
in
my
life,
when
I
was
on
bed
rest
during
my
pregnancy
with
twins,
women
of
the
church
again
stepped
in
to
help.
They
arranged
babysitting
for
my
two-year-old
daughter,
and
brought
lovely
dinners
to
our
house.
Even
when
I
was
put
in
the
hospital,
my
husband
would
bring
cooked
meals
to
my
hospital
room.
How
we
relied
on
these
dinners
to
feed
my
tired
husband
and
young
daughter!
Food
is
all
about
comfort.
It
feeds
our
bodies,
but
it
can
also
feed
our
souls.
When
you
hear
people
talking
about
their
favourite
holidays,
it
usually
includes
their
feelings
connected
with
sharing
food.
I
know
that
I
will
have
many
more
opportunities
in
my
lifetime
to
prepare
food
for
others.
It
is
truly
a
gift
I
want
to
prepare
and
deliver
to
someone
in
need.
5.
The
author
has
given
lots
of
food
to
others
because
　
　
　.
A.
she
is
poor
at
cooking
B.
she
is
a
church
member
C.
she
is
friendly
to
others
D.
she
has
received
others’
food
6.
We
can
learn
from
the
first
paragraph
that
the
author
　　
　.
A.
had
to
stay
in
bed
for
several
weeks
B.
knew
the
family
in
need
very
well
C.
was
glad
to
be
able
to
lend
a
hand
D.
was
tired
of
preparing
food
7.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
about
the
author
A.
Her
mother
died
when
she
was
in
hospital.
B.
She
didn’t
get
enough
food
during
her
pregnancy.
C.
She
received
food
as
well
as
comfort
in
her
hard
times.
D.
She
thinks
offering
food
is
the
best
way
to
show
love.
8.
According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
conclusions
can
we
get
A.
A
good
beginning
makes
a
good
ending.
B.
The
rose’s
in
her
hand,
the
flavor
in
mine.
C.
Actions
speak
louder
than
words.
D.
Every
man
has
his
faults.
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。你有想象力吗？有能力解决难题吗？不要以自己是孩子为借口，Frankin，Braille，Lanmon就是成功的榜样。
1.
A
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第一段中的＂Don’t
worry
about
a
little
thing
like
age.＂等语境可知，你这么说是想表明你太小，还获得不了任何成就。
2.
D
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的＂Kids
are
known
for
looking
at
things
in
new
and
unique
ways.＂可知，这是因为他们思考、看待问题的方式不同。
3.
D
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据文章倒数第二段＂At
the
age
of
15,
Louis
Braille
invented
the
system
named
after
him
that
allows
the
blind
to
read.＂可知答案。
4.
D
【命题意图】标题归纳题。
【解题思路】本文是一片议论文，通过举例说明了孩子成为发明家的可能性，故选D。
B
【文章大意】作者的母亲过世的时候，社区教堂中的女人给她带过食物；作者怀孕的时候，社区教堂中的女人也给她带过食物，并帮她照顾她两岁的女儿。因此，今天有人需要帮助的时候，作者也非常愿意伸出援手。
5.
D
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的＂But
the
truly
amazing
thing
is
that
I
have
received
double
over
the
course
of
my
life.
＂可知作者乐于赠送食物给别人是因为她自己也曾经受到别人的许多馈赠。
6.
C
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第一段中的＂Of
course,
I
responded
with
an
immediate
‘Yes!
’＂以及最后一段最后一句可以推断出作者非常高兴能帮助别人。
7.
C
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第二、三段可知在作者有困难的时候，她接受过他人的食物与照顾。
8.
B
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】通过上下文可知，作者在自己困难的时候接受过别人的帮助，如今她也非常乐意帮助别人，以及文章最后一句可得出这么一个结论：
赠人玫瑰，手有余香。
老衲家有兄弟俩，我是老大，我弟弟和我脾气秉性差距尤其大！我很撩骚，而我弟弟特别文静，此为背景！
某次家庭聚会，我姑姑问我弟弟：你大哥从小到大皮得没边了，你咋那么文静呢？小弟默默推了一下镜框，悠悠然回答：其实我也想淘气来着，但是看到老爸抽大哥把皮带都抽断了，我就断了这个念头了！我……
5月19日
今日心情：
阅读理解篇之词义猜测题
词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句意题。因为猜测词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点/态度等。联系文章主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力，预计2017年高考仍会有一道词义或句意猜测题，考查难度会有所增加。
【命题方式】
1.
The
word/phrase＂…＂in
the
passage
means
_________.
2.
The
word/phrase＂…＂can
be
best
replaced
by
_________.
3.
Which
of
the
following
is
nearest/closest
in
meaning
to
_________
4.
The
word/phrase＂…＂probably
refers
to
_________.
5.
What
does
the
underlined
word/phrase＂…＂in
the
passage
mean
词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。熟练以下猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
猜词方法
依据
猜词方法
依据
定义
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
指代关系
it，that，this，he，him，them可指上文提到的事、物、人。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
同位关系
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系进行猜测。
同义关系
当词或短语之间有并列连词and，or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，从而推知其大致意思。
构词法
很多词通过添加前缀、后缀等而合成、派生、转化成一个＂新＂词，通过掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。
转折或对比关系
根据上下句的连接词(如but,
however,
otherwise等)可以看出前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义来确定另一句的含义。分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。
因果关系
根据文章中的原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
语境
通过上下文语境猜测词义是目前高考阅读理解中最常见的一种解题方法。
典例一
(2016·新课标全国卷I，C)
I
am
Peter
Hodes,
a
volunteer
stem
cell
courier.
Since
March
2012,
I’ve
done
89
trips
—
of
those,
51
have
been
abroad.
I
have
42
hours
to
carry
stem
cells(干细胞)
in
my
little
box
because
I’ve
got
two
ice
packs
and
that’s
how
long
they
last.
In
all,
from
the
time
the
stem
cells
are
harvested
from
a
donor(捐献者)
to
the
time
they
can
be
implanted
in
the
patient,
we’ve
got
72
hours
at
most.
So
I
am
always
conscious
of
time.
I
had
one
trip
last
year
where
I
was
caught
by
a
hurricane
in
America.
I
picked
up
the
stem
cells
in
Providence,
Rhode
Island,
and
was
meant
to
fly
to
Washington
then
back
to
London.
But
when
I
arrived
at
the
check-in
desk
at
Providence,
the
lady
on
the
desk
said:＂Well,
I’m
really
sorry,
I’ve
got
some
bad
news
for
you
—
there
are
no
flights
from
Washington.＂
So
I
took
my
box
and
put
it
on
the
desk
and
I
said:＂In
this
box
are
some
stem
cells
that
are
urgently
needed
for
a
patient
—
please,
please,
you’ve
got
to
get
me
back
to
the
United
Kingdom.＂
She
just
dropped
everything.
She
arranged
for
a
flight
on
a
small
plane
to
be
held
for
me,
re-routed(改道)
me
through
Newark
and
got
me
back
to
the
UK
even
earlier
than
originally
scheduled.
For
this
courier
job,
you’re
consciously
aware
that
in
that
box
you’ve
got
something
that
is
potentially
going
to
save
somebody’s
life.
29.
Which
of
the
following
can
replace
the
underlined
word
＂courier＂
in
Paragraph
1
A.
provider
B.
delivery
man
C.
collector
D.
medical
doctor
29.
B
【命题意图】词义猜测题。
【解题思路】根据本段内容＂I’ve
done
89
trips＂和＂I
have
42
hours
to
carry
stem
cells(干细胞)
in
my
little
box＂以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery
man。故选B。
典例二
(2016·新课标全国卷II,B)
Five
years
ago,
when
I
taught
art
at
a
school
in
Seattle,
I
used
Tinkertoys
as
a
test
at
the
beginning
of
a
term
to
find
out
something
about
my
students.
I
put
a
small
set
of
Tinkertoys
in
front
of
each
student,
and
said:
＂Make
something
out
of
the
Tinkertoys.
You
have
45
minutes
today
—
and
45minutes
each
day
for
the
rest
of
the
week.＂
A
few
students
hesitated
to
start.
They
waited
to
see
what
the
rest
of
the
class
would
do.
Several
others
checked
the
instructions
and
made
something
according
to
one
of
the
model
plans
provided.
Another
group
built
something
out
of
their
own
imaginations.
Once
I
had
a
boy
who
worked
experimentally
with
Tinkertoys
in
his
free
time.
His
constructions
filled
a
shelf
in
the
art
classroom
and
a
good
part
of
his
bedroom
at
home.
I
was
delighted
at
the
presence
of
such
a
student.
Here
was
an
exceptionally
creative
mind
at
work.
His
presence
meant
that
I
had
an
unexpected
teaching
assistant
in
class
whose
creativity
would
infect(感染)
other
students.
Encouraging
this
kind
of
thinking
has
a
downside.
I
ran
the
risk
of
losing
those
students
who
had
a
different
style
of
thinking.
Without
fail
one
would
declare,
＂But
I’m
just
not
creative.＂
＂Do
you
dream
at
night
when
you’re
asleep ＂
＂Oh,
sure.＂
＂So
tell
me
one
of
your
most
interesting
dreams.＂
The
student
would
tell
something
wildly
imaginative.
Flying
in
the
sky
or
in
a
time
machine
or
growing
three
heads.
＂That’s
pretty
creative.
Who
does
that
for
you ＂
＂Nobody.
I
do
it.＂
＂Really
—
at
night,
when
you’re
asleep ＂
＂Sure.＂
＂Try
doing
it
in
the
daytime,
in
class,
okay ＂
27.
What
does
the
underlined
word
＂downside＂
in
Paragraph
4
probably
mean
A.
Mistake.
B.
Drawback.
C.
Difficulty.
D.
Burden.
27.
B
【命题意图】词义猜测题。
【解题思路】根据画线单词后一句＂I
ran
the
risk
of
losing
those
students
who
had
a
different
style
of
thinking.＂可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险，说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故画线词意为＂drawback缺点＂，故B正确。
(2017届山东枣庄三中高三9月质量检测)It
has
always
been
thought
that
alcohol
causes
people
to
put
on
weight
because
it
contains
a
lot
of
sugar,
but
new
research
suggests
a
glass
a
day
cold
form
part
of
a
diet.
Looking
at
past
studies
they
found
that,
while
heavy
drinkers
do
put
on
weight;
those
who
drink
in
moderation
can
actually
lose
weight.
A
spokesman
for
the
research
team
at
Navarro
University
in
Spain
says,
＂Light
to
moderate
alcohol
intake,
especially
of
wine,
may
be
more
likely
to
protect
against,
rather
than
promote,
weight
gain.＂
The
International
Scientific
Forum
on
Alcohol
Research
reviewed
the
findings
and
agreed
with
most
of
the
conclusions,
particularly
that
data
do
not
clearly
indicate
if
moderate
drinking
increases
weight.
Boston
University’s
Dr.
Harvey
Finkel
found
that
the
biologic
mechanisms(生物学机制)
relating
alcohol
to
changes
in
body
weight
are
not
properly
understood.
His
team
pointed
out
the
strong
protective
effects
of
moderate
drinking
on
the
risk
of
getting
conditions
like
diabetes(糖尿病),
which
relate
to
increasing
obesity.
Some
studies
suggest
that
even
very
obese
people
may
be
at
lower
risk
of
diabetes
if
they
are
moderate
drinkers.
The
group
says
alcohol
provides
calories
that
are
quickly
absorbed
into
the
body
and
are
not
stored
in
fat,
and
that
this
process
could
explain
the
differences
in
its
effects
from
those
of
other
foods.
They
agree
that
future
research
should
be
directed
towards
assessing
the
roles
of
different
types
of
alcoholic
drinks,
taking
into
consideration
drinking
patterns
and
including
the
past
tendency
of
participants
to
gain
weight.
For
now
there
is
little
evidence
that
consuming
small
to
moderate
amounts
of
alcohol
on
a
regular
basis
increases
one’s
risk
of
becoming
obese.
What’s
more,
a
study
three
years
ago
suggested
that
resveratrol(白藜芦醇),
a
compound
present
in
grapes
and
red
wine
destroys
fat
cells.
1.
The
passage
is
mainly
for
those___________.
A.
who
produce
wine
B.
who
have
a
drinking
habit
C.
who
go
on
a
diet
D.
who
are
eager
to
lose
weight
2.
The
underlined
phrase＂
in
moderation＂
in
the
first
paragraph
means
___________.
A.
excitedly
B.
carefully
C.
frequently
D.
properly
3.
What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage
A.
Current
data
clearly
show
that
moderate
drinking
increases
weight.
B.
Resveratrol
is
proved
to
increase
the
risk
of
becoming
fat.
C.
The
research
found
moderate
drinking
has
a
strong
protective
effect.
D.
The
specific
roles
of
different
types
of
alcoholic
drinks
are
very
clear.
4.
What
is
most
likely
to
be
discussed
in
the
paragraph
that
follows
A.
How
to
do
some
easy
experiments.
B.
How
to
reduce
the
calories
contained
in
wine.
C.
How
to
prove
the
finding
mentioned
above.
D.
How
to
make
wine
in
a
healthy
way.
【文章大意】文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，告诉我们饮用适量葡萄酒还会减肥。
1.
B
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的关系，所以说是写给有喝酒习惯的人的，故选B。
2.
D
【命题意图】词义猜测题。
【解题思路】与上句形成对比，此处指适量饮酒的人事实上能减肥，moderation＂适度＂与D项同义，故选D。
3.
C
【命题意图】细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的data
do
not
clearly
indicate
if
moderate
drinking
increases
weight可知，A错误；根据最后一句中的a
study
three
years
ago
suggested
that
resveratrol(白藜芦醇),
a
compound
present
in
grapes
and
red
wine
destroys
fat
cells可知，B错误；根据第三段中的His
team
pointed
out
the
strong
protective
effects
of
moderate
drinking
on
the
risk
of
getting
conditions
like
diabetes(糖尿病),
which
relate
to
increasing
obesity.可知，C正确；根据倒数第二段中的future
research
should
be
directed
towards
assessing
the
roles
of
different
types
of
alcoholic
drinks可知，D错误。故选C。
4.
C
【命题意图】推理判断题。
【解题思路】文章最后讲到葡萄酒和红酒混合会破坏肥胖细胞，所以下文会证明这一观点，故选C。
A
An
80-year-old
man
was
sitting
on
the
sofa
in
his
house
along
with
his
45-year-old
son.
Suddenly
a
crow
(乌鸦)
landed
on
their
window.
The
father
asked
his
son,
＂What
is
that ＂
The
son
replied,
＂That’s
a
crow.＂
After
a
few
minutes,
the
father
asked
his
son
for
the
second
time,＂What
is
that ＂The
son
said,＂Father,
I
told
you
just
now.
It
is
a
crow.＂
After
a
little
while,
the
father
asked
his
son
the
same
question
for
the
third
time,
＂What
is
that ＂
This
time,
the
son
said
to
his
father
in
a
low
and
cold
tone,
＂It’s
a
crow,
a
crow.＂
After
a
moment,
the
father
yet
again
asked
his
son
for
the
fourth
time,
＂What
is
that ＂
This
time
his
son
shouted
at
the
father,
＂Why
do
you
keep
asking
me
the
same
question
again
and
again
I
have
told
you
already,
‘IT
IS
A
CROW.’
Are
you
not
able
to
understand
this ＂
A
minute
later
the
father
went
to
his
room
and
came
back
with
a
diary,
which
he
had
kept
since
his
son
was
born.
On
opening
a
page,
he
asked
his
son
to
read
that
page.
＂Today
my
little
son
aged
3
was
sitting
with
me
on
the
sofa
when
a
crow
suddenly
landed
on
the
window
edge.
My
son
asked
me
23
times
what
it
was,
and
I
replied
him
23
times
that
it
was
a
crow.
I
hugged
him
lovingly
each
time
he
asked
me
the
same
question.
I
did
not
at
all
feel
angry,
but
instead
felt
affection
for
my
son.＂
If
your
parents
reach
old
age,
do
not
look
at
them
as
a
burden,
but
speak
to
them
gently,
and
be
kind
to
them.
From
today
say
this
aloud,
＂I
want
to
see
my
parents
happy
forever.
They
have
cared
for
me
ever
since
I
was
a
little
child.
They
have
always
showered
me
with
love.
I
will
take
care
of
my
old
parents
in
the
BEST
way
no
matter
how
they
behave.＂
1.
The
writer
mainly
intends
to
　　
　　.
A.
tell
us
the
function
of
a
diary
B.
call
on
us
to
love
our
parents
C.
teach
us
what
a
crow
is
D.
introduce
a
pair
of
son
and
father
2.
We
can
know
that
the
father
wrote
this
diary
at
the
age
of
　　
　.
A.
eighty

B.
forty-five
C.
thirty-eight
D.
thirty-five
3.
The
underlined
word
＂affection＂
probably
means
　　
　　.
A.
puzzle

B.
hatred

C.
love
D.
worry
4.
Why
did
the
father
ask
his
son
questions
about
the
crow
A.
He
wanted
to
test
his
son’s
patience.
B.
He
had
trouble
in
hearing.
C.
He
didn’t
want
to
be
treated
as
a
burden.
D.
He
tried
to
remind
his
son
of
what
he
did
in
the
past.
B
In
today’s
fast
paced,
high
stress
world
people
are
working
longer
hours
than
ever,
and
often
exhaust
themselves
at
day’s
end
in
front
of
the
television
to
relax
enough
to
begin
again
in
the
morning.
However,
television
watching,
for
most
people,
does
not
really
lower
stress.
Studies
show
that
TV
viewing
more
than
an
hour
or
so
actually
creates
stress
and,
especially
in
women,
may
lead
to
the
blues.
Most
individuals
are
unaware
that
doing
some