新目标英语（Go for it )总复习宾语从句

课件36张PPT。语法专项复习------宾语从句
2010，1，11一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。
eg. We know Mr Green teaches English.
She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素：连 接 词时 态语 序（一）连 接 词1.连词that引导：作从句的原句是陈述句。
I hear _____English is not easy.
2.if/ whether “是否”，用它引导从句， 说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句。
Could you tell me if (whether) Miss Brown lives in that house?3.当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代词和连接副词引导：
what, which, who, whom, whose,
when, where, how, why,
how far, how long, how many, how much, how often…
作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义。
eg:I didn’t hear ____he wanted me to do.
I want to know ____is that young man.
Tom asked us____we would start the party.（二）语序：陈述句语序 （三）时态：
主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。
主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）Do you still remember _________(他说的话)?
特殊情况：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。
Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.
He told the boy that three and three is six.
Could you tell me where the bookshop is.
2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，任用一般过去时。
The teacher told me she was born in 1960.
三、宾语从句注意事项(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：
What’s wrong? What’s the matter?
What’s happening?
eg:I don’t know what’s the matter.
Can you tell me who is over there?(二)只能用whether不能用if的情况1.在介词后面：
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
We didn’t think about whether it would rain the next day.
2.在动词不定式前：
They asked me whether to sit at the front.3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:
I don’t know whether he’s free or not.
Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.
Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room.
4.宾语从句提前时：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.5.在动词discuss后的宾语从句中:
We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.
6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether：
Whether he is right or wrong is a question.
The question was whether he went there last night.(三)用if不用whether的情况:1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时：
He asked me if I hadn’t finish my homework.
2.引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”时:
We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.四、宾语从句转化为简单句1.当主从句的主语一致时：
1) I don’t know what I shall do next.
I don’t know what to do next. 2)John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy. John didn’t decide which shirt to buy.2.当主句的谓语含有双宾语时，如果间宾与从句（直宾）中的主语一致时：
1)Can you tell me how I can get to the police station?
Can you tell me how to get to the police station?
2)Please show me how I should start the recorder.
Please show me how to start the recorder.
3.当主句的谓语动词是order, require等时，如果主句和从句的主语 不一致，宾语从句可转化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构:
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.
The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
4.其他转换：
1)He insisted that he should go with us.
He insisted on going with us.
2)We found that the box was very heavy.
We found the box very heavy.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。
2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。
e.g.
The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun. 1.第一人称随主语的变化而变化;
2.第二人称随宾语的变化而变化;
3.第三人称一般不变。
1.He said, “I am hard-working every day”.
He said hard-working every day.
2. He said to Tom “I will play basketball with you tonight”.
He told Tom (that) play basketball
With him .
3. He said, “Mike is good at math”.
He said (that) Mike good at math.

hewashewouldthatnightwas由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句e.g.
1. I want to know _________________________________.
（他是否跟我们一起去公园）
2. Ask him _____________________. （他是否能来）
3. I don’t know ___________________________.（是否要下雨） if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not1、当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
2、在不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
例如：
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接副词
when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句1. He asked . (谁能回答这个问题）
2. Do you know_________________________. （他们在等谁）
3. He asked ________________________________. （谁的书法是班上最好的）
4. Please tell me _______________________________. （我们什么时候开会）
5. Can you tell me _______________. （他在哪儿）
6. Could you tell me ____________________________. （我该怎么去车站）
9. Would you tell me _________________________（为什么火车迟到了） who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the class when we’ll have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late1) Marcia said, “I will have a party for Lana tonight”.Marcia said she would have a party for lana that night.2) Marcia said to Ben, “Lana thinks she is coming to
my house to study”.Marcia told Ben Lana thought she was coming to her house
to study.3) Lana said to Ben, “I am not mad at Marcia anymore”.Lana told Ben she was not mad at Marcia anymore.4) Marcia said to everyone, “I am not going to have the party”.Marcia told everyone she was not going to have the party.5)Lana said to Marcia, “ I will bring some drinks and snacks
to your house”.Lana told Marcia she would bring some drinks and snacks to her house.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，
在口语当中往往省略e.g.
I hear (that) ____________________________. （一小时后他会回来）
He said (that) __________________________. （他非常想念我们）
The teacher told us (that) ______________________________________. （地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun（４）Direct speech 是一般疑问句时,
变为Reported speech要用if或whether引导，从句再改成陈述句语序，时态随主句的时态而变化．
（５）Direct speech 是特殊疑问句时,
变为Reported speech，从句要改成陈述句语序，
时态随主句的时态而变化．
(6) Direct speech 是祈使句时, 要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell，ask，order等动词，其句型是tell/ask/order sb. （not）to do sth. 1) She asked me, “Can I borrow money from you?”She asked me2) Jim asked Mary, “Are we friends?”Jim asked Maryif/ whether she could borrow moneyfrom me.if they were friends.3) He asked her, “When and where shall we meet?”He asked herwhen and where they should meet.4) The teacher said to the student, “Open the
Door, please.”
The teacher told the student to open the door
please.
5) I said to my sister, “Don’t open the window.”
I told my sister not to open the window.将直接引语改为间接引语：
1.”I’m going home now .” she said.
She said_______________________
2. “I will call you tomorrow morning .” Alice said to Tom.
Alice _____ Tom ___________________________
3. “We are having a surprise party for Linda now.”
Marcia said________________________________
4. “You can do better .” His father said to him.
His father ______him _______________________
5. “I should try my best next time.” Jack thought.
Jack thought ______________________________
6. “We’re not going to have lessons this afternoon.”
The boy said to his father___________________
.she was going home then.told she would call him.they were having a …for …then.told he could do better.he should try his best the next time.→told they were not going to
have lessons that afternoon.
7.My father asked: “when will you be back?
My father asked back.
8. “ Stop talking!” the teacher said to the class.
The teacher the class talking.
9.The teacher said to her student, “Please don’t give me the book.”
The teacher her student her the book.
10.He asked Lin Tao, “Do you like watching TV? ”
He asked Lin Tao liked watching TV.
whenwouldIbetoldtostoptoldnottogiveif/whetherheThe radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)
The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)
Tom says that they ________________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
I hear they _____________ (return) it already.
He said that they _____________ members of the Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing had returned had been He asked what they _______________ at eight last night. (do)
The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)
I think you _____________ about the relay race now. (talk)
I didn’t know whom the letters _________ from. (be)travels are talking were were doing10. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter.
(write)
11. Miss Wang told me that the earth __________(move)
round the earth.
12. Could you tell me who ____________ away the book
already? (take)
13. Ling Feng told me he _________ to several times. (be)
14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the
east. (rise)
15. Can you tell me what they ______ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken had been risesdid将下列句子合并为一句:
5. “I will come back.” Tom said.
6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked.
7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked.
Tom said that he would come back. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. Tom asked when he would come back.8. “How can I get to the station?”
Could you tell me?
9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?
10. “Where is Tom?” They asked. Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. 将下列句子合并为一句:
1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked.
2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?
3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked.
4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said.
He said that he was doing his homework。 I asked where they stopped on the way. Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting? He asked if they liked to make friends with them. 7.My father asked: “when will you be back?
My father asked back.
8. “ Stop talking!” the teacher said to the class.
The teacher the class talking.
9.The teacher said to her student, “Please don’t give me the book.”
The teacher her student her the book.
10.He asked Lin Tao, “Do you like watching TV? ”
He asked Lin Tao liked watching TV.
whenwouldIbetoldtostoptoldnottogiveif/whetherheExercise:
1._____he will tell us ____ he didn’t take the money is still a question.
A. if ;if B.whether; whether
C. whether ;if D. if; whether
2.This is the room__which/that__ we lived in last year.
3.This is the room____ we lived last year.
4.It’s only two days__that__ we spent on holidays.
注意宾语从句与状语从句，定语从句的区别Cwhere6.This is the factory _c___ we visited last week.
A.It B. what C. which D.who
7. I don’t know_when___ winter starts in China.
Goodbye!