2010届高考英语指导与精练：阅读理解

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2010年高考英语指导与精练：阅读理解
【原创+选编】
【导语】
综观近几年高考试卷，可以看出,无论命题形式怎样变化，阅读的重要性仍然被放在了第一位,对阅读的基本技能和阅读量做出了详细的规定。在《考试大纲》中，阅读的重要性仍然被放在了第一位，并对阅读的基本技能和阅读量做出了详细的规定。同时大纲还明确规定：“侧重提高阅读能力”。分析近几年的全国卷及各省市自主命题卷，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，阅读（每个题型都是对阅读理解的考查）在整个试卷中自始至终占着主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。可以毫不夸张地说，做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高分的关键。阅读的重要性显易见，只有通过阅读，我们才可以获得更大量、更广泛、更高层次的信息，才能更全面深刻地了解英语语言的特点。尽管高考阅读文章难度有所下降，但题目难度明显上升，所以导致无数考生在阅读上感觉良好，但正确率却不高，出现高分减少的现象，主要原因是在阅读部分很难拿到高分，这也再次强调了阅读在整个英语学习中的重要性。本文内容无论从选材上还是从技巧上基本和高考相同。并通过题组方式将思维模式归类，拟在帮助你了解高考阅读理解的特点，并通过一定量的阅读帮你分析和演示高考阅读理解命题及解题轨迹，使你在二轮复习中有所提高，增加你高考的信心。全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
【本文内容】全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
一、高考阅读理解题的基本特点
二、必考知识点的变异、解读全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
三、阅读理解题实用解题技巧全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
四、2010年高考英语模拟精练（10组50篇，每篇后面配有“解题导语”和“答案详解）
一、高考阅读理解题的基本特点
（一）词汇量大，阅读量大，阅读速度要求提高，是阅读理解题的最明显的特征
近年来，阅读理解的词汇量保持在2000个左右，读速略高于每分钟60个词。
（二）多样性和均衡性相结合
阅读理解材料内容真实新潮，选材贴近生活，近时代，渗透文化意识，强调实际应用。大部分都是生活气息浓，同中学生的生活阅历及常识有关的一些具有一定代表性的文章。大致涉及人物趣事、中外交流、社会文化、语言习惯、历史事件、日常生活、新闻广告、科普知识等等。在体裁上，记叙文、说明文和应用文各占一定的比例。
（三）侧重考查理解能力，强调对文章深层含义的推断能力
在以往的高考试题当中，学生往往只要掌握文中细节就可以直接选择正确答案。从2006年开始，推理、综合分析类试题占有较大的比重。我们都知道阅读理解题的核心是“理解”。“理解”既包括能准确把握所读材料的表层（字面意思）内容，还要理解内在含义；又包括能概括文章的主旨大意，，能对语篇、文段的内部结构的逻辑分析，推断出段落大意、文中主旨、作者的观点意图及文中未表达的事实、结论。全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
（四）有效地把握了难度，体现了较好的区分度和信度
从教育测量学的角度和中学生的教学实际看，命题者总是力争使全卷和阅读理解部分的难度接近理想难度系数0.50~0.55。根据近几年的高考抽样调查，阅读理解部分的设计达到了这一要求。五篇（四篇）文章的难度也基本上是递增的，这有利于考生的正常发挥。体裁多样化是平衡难度的一种有效的方法。记叙文容易理解，但设题通常有一定的难度，大多为推理、判断等综合考查题，其题干短（信息量小），四个选项长（信息量大）。科普类说明文相对难懂一些，但设题通常较容易，考查细节理解题占相当比例，题干长，信息量集中，而选项短，在理解上能尽可能地避免出错。
二、必考知识点的变异、解读
　　高考“考试大纲”中有关阅读理解题的考查要点阐述为：
（1）理解主旨要义； 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) （2）理解文中具体信息；
（3）根据上下文推测生词的词义； （4）作出简单判断和推理；
（5）理解文章的基本结构；全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) （6）理解作者的意图和态度。
（一）主旨（大意）题（概括）题份量不少。一般为3-5道小题
主旨题考查的内容主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等。因为这类题可考查考生抓主要信息的能力，而能够抓住文章的主要信息又是阅读能力的一个极为重要的方面。这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。常见的提问形式有以下几种：
　　■常见的提问方式有：
　　（1）What is the general/main idea of the passage？
　　（2）The main theme of the passage is_____.
　　（3）The passage is mainly about_____.
　　（4）The first paragraph tells us that_____.
　　（5）Which of the following can be the best title of the passage？
　　（6）Which of the following expresses the main idea？
　　（7）What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage？
　　（8）What is the author’s main point？
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
《教学大纲》和《考试大纲》都要求考生首先必须掌握所读材料的主旨大意，这是对阅读的最重要、最基本的要求之一。不掌握主旨大意，就失去了阅读的意义研究高考题阅读理解，我们会发现，命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文和中心思想的能力。因此，每年阅读理解题中的主旨大意题都在5题左右。如2009全国卷I中：59，67，68，70及63，71（概括题）；2009高考英语山东卷的66，75等。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有三类：一类是Main Idea型；二类是Topic或Title型；三类是确定文章的基调或者目的来测定对全文或段落大意的理解。
■常用解题方法：文章多是议论文和说明文，这就要求考生必须熟悉这两种文体的结构特点。这两种文体的结构特点可归纳为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。掌握这一结构，就可以迅速掌握文章的主题，把握文章的脉络。全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
　　要想确定文章的主题思想，最容易且行之有效的方法就是找出文章的主题句。主题句在文章中的位置主要有五种情况：
1.读首句抓大意。说明文、议论文等多采用这种结构，文章段落的中心，即主题句在文章开头。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。主题句在文章段落中的位置通常有四种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头和结尾同时出现，首尾呼应的主题句）、无主题句（没明确写出，蕴含在文章之中）。如2009全国卷I中A篇59题，文章第一句就是文章的主题句。
2.读尾句抓大意。如2009全国卷IC篇67题就是根据最后一段得出结果。
3.读首尾段抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。
4.从段落中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题句居中，这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
5.归纳要点抓大意
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求我们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。
●寻找主题句多采用浏览法（skimming）。浏览时，一般不需逐句细看，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。若属无主题句文章，则要根据从文中获得的信息，自己去归纳。在归纳过程中，考生要分清主次，看文章主要叙述的是什么，不要一叶障目，不见泰山。同时归纳总结时还要做到简洁明了，用词恰当。主旨大意题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，有时对考生的归纳、概括能力也有一定的要求。
（二）重要考点——推理判断题。推理判断题为重要考点，但历年波动较大，在2-7道小题之间徘徊。要解答这类题考生需在掌握全文意思的前提下把握全篇文脉，理清文章结构，弄清事物发展变化的逻辑关系，根据文中已叙述的事实信息，推断出未知的事实、结论以及作者的观点和态度。推断要符合常理，预测要合乎逻辑。找出的原因应是造成某一结果的根本的、主要的原因，切不可以偏概全，断章取义。如2009全国卷I61，62，64小题；2009全国卷II中42、43、44；2009山东卷的60，61，70等。
考查推理、判断等综合类试题的目的是为了拉开考生之间的差距，保证试题有较好的区分度。有时候，文章似乎看懂了，但却答错了试题，关键原因在于没有真正把握作者的写作意图与写作态度。较高层次的理解题往往会把某些事情的发展留给读者去进行合理地推断。
■常见的提问方式有：全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
　　（1）Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated
　　（2）It can be inferred from the passage that_____.
　　（3）The author implies that_____.
　　（4）The passage suggests that_____.
　　（5）What can we learn from the passage
　　（6）It can be concluded from paragraph 3 that_____.
　　（7）What is the author’s attitude towards…
　　（8）Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in this passage
（三）主流题目——细节理解（判断）。阅读理解不仅了解主旨大意，而且也应把握事实和细节。这是高考考纲的要求，更是课改省市新课程标准的必然要求。在确定文章的主题和中心思想后，作者往往辅以大量的细节信息来支持它。细节的把握主要指把握文章中的关键事实（Key Points）如，时间（如2009全国卷I中的73题及全国卷II46题）、地点（如2009全国卷I中的72题及全国卷II57题等）、人物、方式（如2009全国卷I中的57题）……以及与关键事实相关的词法；一个单词，一个符号（货币符号、标点符号、图表等），动词的时态，文章中的人物动作，言谈……都可能构成细节问题。这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础，因而成为高考命题的热点。命题人往往要求考生根据不同要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻找所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要经过归纳、概括和推理才能答题。考查文章细节常见形式包括排序，图文转换，计算，词句理解，寻找同义表达等。一般给出四种答案供选择：文中无此细节（一个或两个）；细节与文中细节完全相反；部分细节与文中细节相同或乍看起来与其相同（此类有时占2个选项）；细节与文中细节意义相同，但表达方式不同。“细节定位法”是解答细节题有效实用的方法。解答此类题，必须认真把握细节，从词义的理解、辨析，语法的标准，时态的比较，语气的分析等方面着手，不必去通篇细看原文，而是“对号入座”即“带着问题找句子（答案）”，直接找出与此问题相关的段落、语句，注意关键词，然后再仔细对照答案与文中细节，看哪一个是一致的。可兼用排除法，将“文中无此细节”和“与文中细节相反”的选项排除，最后再慎重确定答案。细节理解题一般占20道试题的一半以上。如2009全国卷中的56，57，58，60，65，72，73，74等小题；2009山东卷的56，57，58，59，62，63，64，67，69，71，72，73，74等。全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
　■常见的提问方式有：
　　（1）According to the passage who（what, why, when, where）…
　　（2）What does the author say about…？
　　（3）What does the author think of…？
　　（4）According to the passage, which of the following statements is true？
　　（5）In this passage, how many（how much, how often, how long）…？
■解题技巧：
（1）词定位法：命题人在设计问题时，往往会在题干中运用近义词语替代短文中的词语。因此，考生应通过分析题干部分所提供的信息，把握重点词语，并根据这些词语，迅速准确地找到问题在文章中的位置。
　　（2）WH-信息定位法：该题型内容大多涉及到时间、地点、人物、事件、情景、数字、原因等，往往以who, where, when, what, why和how等提问。因此，考生要在迅速浏览全文时注意典型的WH-信息，并通过分析题干把握考查内容，从而确定问题的出处。
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
（四）常考考点——词义推断题。词义推断题涉及2-3道小题
在阅读过程中遇到生词是十分正常的，并不是我们每遇到生词就去查字典，（况且考试中也不允许查字典）整个阅读过程应是个积极思考的过程，遇到生词或熟词在新的情景中应从整个句子甚至从文章全篇来考虑。许多这类词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的基础，不懂单词的含义就根本谈不上理解文章。但应该清楚，英语单词的含义并不等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随语境变化会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。推断词义大致有以下几种方法：如2009年全国卷I中的66，69等小题。2009全国卷II41题
■常见的提问方式有以下几种：
　　The word “…”in line 5 refers to….
　　The word “…”（Line 6. para.2） most probably means _____.
　　By “…”,the author means _____.
　　The word “…”could best be replaced by which of the following
　　which of the following is nearest in meaning to “…”
　　In para.2,the sentence “…… ” probably means “…”.
■解题技巧
（1）利用上下文的线索
在出现生词的上下文中，有时能根据上下文中某些关键单词或词组，推断出这一生词的含义。例如：
69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean 2009全国卷I
A. become excited 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) B. show respect
C. refuse to talk 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) D. seek help
词义理解题。由句意可知，你越是坚持，孩子们也就越产生逆反心理，从而抵触与你交流。故应选C。再如下面一句：
John asked the bank for a small loan so that he could repair his house.
　　从句中的ask the bank以及repair his house，不难推断出loan的意思是“货款”。
(2)利用同义词或近义词的（关系）线索
　　在上下文中，有时会出现与生词意义相同或相近的单词或词组。
（3）利用语法或标点符号的线索
　　在出现生词的上下文中，常常可以利用语法知识及标点符号来推断一个词的含义
（4）利用解释的线索
　　在出现生词的上下文中，有时可以通过生词前后文对其的解释找到答案。例如：2009高考山东卷C篇第三段：The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.
68．The underlined word "deter” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .
A. discarding B. remove C. benefit D. free
由上下文可知，they指的是tobacco taxes，所以这儿deter这个词的意思应为“阻止，制止”，所以应选A。
（5）利用因果关系的线索
　　有时我们可以通过因果关系来猜测句中生词的意义。
（6）利用定义的线索
　　在含有生词的上下文中，有时能找到对此生词所下的定义。
（7）利用对比的线索
（8）利用构词法
根据构词法中的词缀法，可以构成许多新词。掌握好构词法可以扩大词汇量，也有助于猜测词义。一个词在使用的过程中，通过前缀或后缀，可以派生出许多词来。
（五）作者的意图、态度、目的题：
作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。如2009高考山东卷65题（通读全文可知，作者的目的是让消费者注意虚假的承诺。）；2009全国卷I的75题： What does the author think of the tour
A. Tiring B. Expensive C. Enjoyable D. Quick
作者态度推测题。整个文章是游日记，从乘火车、轮船，参观游玩各个景点，领略大自然美景，使作者心旷神怡。故选C。
2009全国卷II的D篇56题：全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
56. How does the author seem to feel about the future of newspapers 全品高考网 全品高考网
A. Satisfied 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) B. Hopeful
C. Worried 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) D. Surprised
D篇给我们呈现了报业从起源到现在面临的困境---受到更多先进快捷媒体比如internet的冲击的现状。作者通过回顾和现状事实的描述，也表达了自己的担忧：未来报业何去何从？，所以答案选C。
■这种题型常见的提问形式有：
　　The author seems _____.
　　The author’s tone in this passage is _____.
　　The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _____.
　　The author’s intention in writing the passage is to _____.
　　The writer probably feels that _____.
　　In the author’s opinion, _____.
　　这类询问语气态度的考题中，选择项里常出现以下一些重要的词：sympathetic 同情的；critical批评的；doubtful怀疑的；objective客观的；enthusiastic热情的，matter-of-fact实事求是的；hostile敌对的；satisfied满意的；friendly友好的；indifferent冷淡的；subjective主观的；optimistic乐观的；pessimistic悲观的；disappointed失望的。
　　询问写作目的的题，选择项里常出现的词是：
　　explain解释；persuade劝说；comment评论；criticize批评；interest引起……的注意或兴趣；entertain使欢乐；argue辩论；demonstrate举例说明，示范；tell讲述；prove 证明；urge激动；advise劝告；analyze分析；praise赞扬; view 看待,等等。
三、阅读理解题实用解题技巧
　　阅读理解过程是一个对文字资料进行解读并提取所需信息的过程。阅读是理解的前提和手段，理解是阅读的目的。做阅读理解题时，方法很重要。针对不同的题型和不同的题材和体裁应采取不同的方法，这样才会收到事半功倍的效果。
（一）快速略读定主题
　　略读法是快速阅读中的一种方法，通常又称为浏览。略读的关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读，主要目的是捕捉大致的信息以便了解文章主旨和大意。利用略读阅读时，要特别注意文章首尾两段，因为文章的第一段往往点明文章的中心思想，而文章的最后一段则常常总结归纳或重述文章段落的主题句，这是阅读高效省时的一条捷径，通常把每段主题句的意思综合起来就是全文的中心思想。另外，文章的主题句有时可能会出现在段落中间或结尾，考生必须运用略读法快速准确地将其找出。
（二）抓准线索理结构
　　理清文章的结构，这是理解的基础。文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。通常有一根主线贯穿其中。如叙述文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，以时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，理清文章的思路结构。掌握文章的结构，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时。
（三）“断章取义”寻细节
　　考生要从文段中获得所需的具体信息，可不必阅读整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的段落，迅速划定关键词语，然后加以重点阅读即可。此法主要是针对获得具体信息，回答具体的问题，即试题中的细节问题。它常常与Who, What, When, Where, Why和How有关，有时跟具体的数字，如长度、速度、距离、大小、尺寸等有联系。考生在运用此法时，应该注意文章的结构和顺序排列。有的是按空间顺序排列，有的是按时间顺序排列。考生应根据短文的结构，有针对性地扫读，迅速锁定相关内容。
（四）同义互释解难题
　　所谓同义互释，就是在阅读的时候从备选项中找出与原文意思相同或相近的词、词组或短语，它们在意思上相同或相近，可以互相解释、互相替换，这种阅读方法叫同义互释法。它是英语阅读理解题常见方法之一。阅读理解中的难题如深层理解题或判断推理题可重点采用同义互释法。
（五）“本末倒置”读广告
　　广告，字典，公告，演出信息，航班时间表，借书卡片等一般为功能阅读，需快速寻找信息。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“倒序法”来处理。即先看问题，后看文章内容。这样在阅读中可以有重点地、有针对性地去读，冗余无效信息可以略读甚至不读。
（六）首尾定位排顺序
　　有时题目要求对事件发生的先后顺序进行排序。可用首尾定位法，即找到第一个发生的事件，再找到最后一个发生的事件，可大大缩小选择范围，快速有效地确定答案。
（七）“去伪存真”选最佳
　　在答题的时候，考生有时会发现所给的四个选项中，有不止一个选项可以作为答案。
这时就应该意识到该题可能是一个判断最佳选择的题目。所以，在答题时，一发现有一个看似正确的选取项，就立即把它作为正确答案，这是不明智的。正确的方法是再看一看其他选项中还有没有符合文意的，如果有的话，就要根据文章的主旨和作者的意图，选择比较，去伪存真，做出深层理解和全面分析，进行合理的推理和判断，选出切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。
（八）立足已知断未知
　　新大纲对阅读要求的二级目标是：“能根据上下文理解作者的态度和观点；能根据已知的事实推断语篇未直接写出的意思。”英语科《考试大纲》中也有类似的要求：“既理解字面意思也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度意图等。能理解某句某段意义，并能把握全篇的文脉，即句与句，段与段之间的关系，并能据此进行推理与判断。” 对考生推理能力的考查，是对阅读理解的较高层次的要求。考生一定要从文章的已知信息事实入手，充分利用文中提供的信息，按照正常的逻辑进行推理，从而推知语篇中未直接写出，但却合乎逻辑的结果；或者根据文章的字面意思，文章结构和句、段之间的过渡关系，分析其内涵，进而推断出作者的态度、意图。这类问题考生一定要以阅读材料提供的事实、逻辑关系为思维的立足点、出发点，顺应作者的思维模式，领会作者的言外之意。千万不能将自己的观点强加给阅读材料。总之，推理判断题的技巧要领为：陈述或事实不是推理，推论要有事实依据。
（九）细微之处辨“正误”
　　有些细节辨析题常以 “true”或 “false”的类型出现。这类题主要考查考生对事实或逻辑的把握和对文章理解的程度。常常针对文章所陈述事实的一部分进行转换理解，其中有转述错误的，有无根据的、有错误理解的。其中学生最容易出错的是部分细节有错误的选项。考生一定要静下心来，耐心细致地对每个选项逐个分析排除，细心斟酌，最后找出正确选项。常用的方法是找出每个选项的“支撑句”来帮助分析，切忌凭感觉答题。
（十）化繁为简析长句
　　阅读中，遇到较长的、结构复杂的句子时，可以考虑将其简化，以便更好地理解句意。最常用的方法是“主干成份分析法”。即理清主句的基本结构（主谓宾成份），理解就不会偏离正确的轨道，就能快速掌握句子大意。
（十一）题材不同方法异
　说明文、科普文和小品文等首句通常为主题句，其余的句子都是围绕主题句进行说明或阐述；新闻报道的首句为导语通常概括整个事件，这常常是做主旨大意题的解题依据；幽默小品和故事的末句往往含蓄，一语双关，耐人寻味。推断题常常发源于此。
四、2010年高考英语模拟精练
第一组
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )A
Eat, drink and be merry. That’s what the Spring Festival is all about. But there are millions of people, too, who love to let happiness go up in smoke.
Offering cigarettes to guests is a traditional Chinese way of showing respect to them. A cup of tea and cigarettes are perhaps the most common way of welcoming a guest in China, especially during festive occasions such as the Lunar New Year.
No wonder, 40 percent of the people surveyed recently said they would smoke at least twice the usual number of cigarettes during the Spring Festival holiday because of all those gatherings and parties. Only 20 percent of the respondents said they would refuse a cigarette when offered one. Why can't the others do the same Because they could be seen as being rude, said more than half of the respondents. Fifteen percent feared they could be taken as "someone who cannot get along well with others".
The Think-tank Research Center for Health Development and survey shows 61 percent Chinese think offering a cigarette is useful for socializing, and 52 percent have offered cigarettes to others. The study polled 3,800 people, 64 percent of them men.
One-third of those polled were smokers, out of which 57 percent said they couldn't give up smoking because of the offering-and-accepting culture. "People have accepted offering cigarettes as an effective way of making friends." research center director Wu Yiqun says.
China has more than 350 million smokers, catering to the tobacco market that is worth 500 billion yuan. "The survey shows we still have a lot of work to do," she says. "Since Beijing is trying to make the Olympic Games smoke-free, it is time to let people know that offering a cigarette is a bad habit and it should be given up immediately."
1．The passage is written with the purpose of .
A．telling us a custom about the Chinese Spring Festival
B．introducing a way to make friends with Chinese
C．stopping smoking during the Beijing Olympics
D．telling us that offering cigarettes is a bad habit
2．The third paragraph mainly tells us .
A．the fact that smokers are greatly increasing during the festival
B．the reason why refusing cigarettes is acceptable
C．the fact that many people have to smoke more cigarettes during the festival
D．it is rude to attend parties without smoking cigarettes
3．Which of the following may not be the reason that makes many people fail to refuse the offered cigarette
A．It’s impolite to refuse. B．Smoking is harmful to non-smokers.
C．They want to be friendly. D．It’s a kind of social habit.
4．The writer mentions the 500 billion yuan tobacco market because .
A．the tobacco market is not developing smoothly
B．the writer thinks that smoking wasters a lot of money.
C．smoking is helpful to the tobacco market
D．the tobacco market attracts too many smokers
5．We can infer from the passage that .
A．people will be free to smoke during the Beijing Olympic Games.
B．only a few smokers still have the habit of offering cigarettes
C．offering cigarettes is the most effective way for socializing
D．some non-smokers will even accept the offered cigarettes
【解题导语】
春节期间到亲朋好友家做客，倒茶敬烟是一种被大多数人所接受，认可的待客礼仪。面对别人热情的敬烟，不同的人作出的反应又会如何？
【答案与简析】
1．D 主旨大意题。文章通过对生活事例及调查研究的结果告诉读者，吸烟是有害于健康的，因此向别人敬烟是一种坏习惯。
2．C 主旨大意题。根据第三段的数字和比例说明春节期间有很多人吸烟。
3．B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Because they could seen as being rude, said more than half of the respondents. Fifteen percent…..is useful for socializing，以及第四段中的”they couldn’t give up smoking because of ……”可推知人们难以拒绝敬烟是因为他们认为offering-and-accepting是一种社交方式，拒绝就意味着不礼貌。
4．B 推理判断题。综关全文可知，作者对吸烟是持否定态度的，所以500 billion yuan意味着巨大的经济浪费。
5．D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“they couldn’t give up smoking because of the offering-and-accepting culture和People have accepted offering cigarettes as an effect way of making friends.”可推知答案。人们认为接受井盐２是一种社交礼仪，故而不吸烟的人也会接受别人井盐２。
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )B
Working AT home is increasing in popularity as a means of escaping from nine-to-five office life. Why work under the constant watch of your boss when you can work in front of the TV in your carpet slippers Armed with all the office essentials—telephone, computer, e-mail and fax, many workers believe they can work as effectively as their colleagues in the office. Being able to work wherever you like: from a busy city to a beautiful village, and make working from home an attractive choice, you can even work on a canal boat, like one Internet firm in the Midlands, US.
So what will become of the office of tomorrow I believe it is likely that many could disappear into cyberspace. To minimize office overheads in inner-city areas, companies will apply a workforce made up of a network of home workers linked by an advanced communication and information system. A central processing computer would be controlled by the manager who sends out work schedules and oversees the activity of each employee.
As a successor to the Web Cam, a video screen would be created, as the need for more natural form of interaction than e-mail or telephone becomes greater. Capturing the mood and expressions of work colleagues, managers would have the ability to view several employees at once on their screen. Employees would be encouraged to feed any information that may be useful to fellow workers into the computer to make the company work more effectively. As the company's life blood, the computer would contain a record of all conversations and correspondence for future reference, and hold confidential information such as accounts in password protected areas. In the office of tomorrow, with daily life captured in detail, the case for firing employees could be more clear cut.
文章来源：http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/future_life/49586 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
6．The first paragraph mainly focuses on _________.
A. the office to working at home B. preference to working at home
C. working effectively in the office D. one Internet firm in the Midlands, UK
7．The office of the future will be ________.
A. in space B. a network
C. in inner-city areas D. a central processing computer
8．In Paragraph 2, the word “ oversee” probably means “_________”.
A. overlook B. organize C. make out D. watch over
9．A video screen would be built because _________.
A. the Web Cam needs it B. it is useful to fellow workers
C. e-mail or telephone is out of date D. managers can clearly spot employees
10．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. You can get accounts without password.
B. Computers would record workers’ blood types.
C. You can get informationg of your fellow workers easily.
D. Firing employees in the office of tomorrow could be largely reduced.
【解题导语】本文讲述的是在未来，你可以在家里利用网络办公的情况。
【答案与解析】
6．B 主旨归纳题。从第一段主题句及后面列举的情况可知人们越来越喜欢在家工作。
7．B 细节理解题。 根据第二段“To minimize office overheads in inner-city areas, companies will apply a workforce made up …….”可知，未来办公室将消失成虚拟的网络空间。
8．D 猜测词义题。根据第三段“Capturing the mood and expressions of work colleagures, managers would have the ability to……”判断，oversee在句中意为“监视（老板监视员工）。”
9．C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“….as the need for more natural form of contact than e-mail or telephone becomes greater”可知，人们越来越需要比e-mail或telephone更自然的联系方式。
10．C 细节判断题。根据第三段“Employees would be encouraged to feed any information that may be useful to……”可以推断，员工在未来虚拟办公室中信息高度共享，可随时使用fellow workers的资源，提高工作效率。
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )C（适合课改省市）
A Full-Time School Called Life
You are enrolled in a full-time school called “life”. Each day in this school you will have the opportunity to learn lessons. You may like the lessons or hate them, but you have designed them as part of your curriculum.
Why are you here What is your purpose Humans have sought to discover the meaning of life for a very ling time. What we and our ancestors have overlooked, however, is there is no one answer. The meaning of life is different for every individual. 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Each person has his or her own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's. As you travel your life path, you will be presented with numerous lessons that you will need to learn in order to fulfill that purpose. The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning these lessons is the key to discovering and fulfilling the meaning and connection of your own life.
As you travel through your lifetime, you may encounter challenging lessons that others don't have to face, while other spend years struggling with challenges that you don't need to deal with. You may never know why you are blessed with a wonderful marriage, while your friends suffer through bitter arguments and painful divorces, just as you cannot be sure why you struggle financially while your peers enjoy abundance. The only thing you can count on for certain is that you will be presented with all the lessons that you specifically need to learn; whether you choose to learn them or not is entirely up to you.
The challenge here, therefore, is to align（与…保持一致）yourself with your own unique path by learning individual lessons. This is one of the most difficult challenges you will be faced with in your lifetime, as sometimes your path will be completely different from others. But, remember, don't compare your path to the people around you and focus on the difference between their lessons and yours. You need to remember that you will only be faced with lessons that you are capable of learning and are specific to your own growth. 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Our sense of fairness is the expectation of equity—the assumption that all things are equal and that justice will always prevail. Life is not, in fact, fair, and you may indeed have a more difficult lift path than others around you, deserved or not. Everyone’s circumstances are unique, and everyone needs to handle his or her own circumstances differently. If you want to move toward calm, you will be required to move out of the comparing phase of “it’s not fair”. Focusing on the unfairness of circumstances keeps you comparing yourself with others rather than appreciating your own special uniqueness. You miss out on learning your individual lessons by distracting yourself with feelings of bitterness and anger.
文章来源：http://wy./xinshang/yuedu/163029.html ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
11．According to the passage, how can the meaning of your life be realized
A．Having the same opinions as others.
B．Taking the distinct path from others.
C．Learning the lessons presented to you.
D．Doing the different things from others.
12．From the passage we can conclude .
A．everyone has his own track to follow
B．the same things usually happen to the peers
C．a painful divorce must lie in financial problems
D．a wealthy man must have a wonderful marriage
13．In your lifetime, the lessons you are faced with .
A．are beyond your power B．keep you from growth
C．limit your development D．help you with your success
14．Which of the following is TRUE
A．All things are equal and justice will always prevail.
B．You should learn to appreciate your specific uniqueness.
C．One has to fix his mind on unfairness of circumstances.
D．You have to complain “it’s not fair” whenever possible.
15．Life is called a full – time school, because .
A．it is full of all lessons to learn
B．you have plenty of time to learn lessons
C．you meet with specific lessons every day
D．there are so many subjects for you to choose
【解题导语】
本文谈论了每个人的人生轨迹是不同的，我们应该面对自己应该面对的，不怨天尤人，不自怨自艾，做自己的路，实现自己的人生价值。
【答案及简析】
11．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning……”可知答案。
12．A 推理判断题。根据第三段“Each person has his or her own…..”可知答案。
13．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“You need to remember that you will only be faced with lessons that you are capable of……”可排除A；根据第三段“leaning these lessons is the key to …….”可知B和C不对.
14．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Focusing on the unfairness of circumstances keeps you comparing yourself with others rather than…..”可知答案。
15．C 综合理解题。综观全文可得出此答案。
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )D
James Stallman Rockefeller, the oldest-known U.S. Olympic medal winner and the former head of the bank that became Citigroup, died Tuesday. He was 102. Records of the U.S. Olympic Committee show that Rockefeller was the oldest American medal winner. He was the captain of Yale University's eight-man rowing team with coxswain that won gold at the 1924 Paris Olympics - beating the Canadian team by less than 16 seconds. The oars from the winning race and the gold medal were prominently displayed in Rockefeller's house. "I think he was really proud of that - probably more than the bank career," said his grandson。
Rockefeller suffered a stroke on Thursday, said his grandson, who lived with him at his Greenwich home for two years, attributed his long life to a regimented(严密组织的) lifestyle: breakfast at eight a.m., lunch at 1 p.m., cocktails at 6 p.m. and dinner promptly at 7 p.m.. He liked plain food, without sauces or cheese, and plenty of fresh vegetables, including those grown in the garden of his estate. Rockefeller was in good health until shortly before he died. He drove his car up until last year and would review documents from the various charities and businesses he helped lead.
Rockefeller, born June 8, 1902, was a grandson of William Rockefeller, who founded Standard Oil with his brother, John D. Rockefeller. He graduated from Yale in 1924 and served in the Airborne Command during World War II. He started at the bank, and then called the National City Bank, in 1930, following his uncle and grandfather, who were leaders of the bank. He was became president in 1952, chairman in 1959 and retired in 1967. In 1955, under Rockefeller's leadership, the bank merged with the First National Bank of New York to form Citigroup. Rockefeller also was a director of numerous companies, including Pan American Airways, Northern Pacific Railroad, NCR and Monsanto, and served on the boards of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and the American Museum of Natural History.
Rockefeller and his wife, Nancy Carnegie Rockefeller, had four children. His wife died in 1994.
16. Rockefeller lost his wife when he was ___________.
A. at the age of 91 B. in his eighties C. in his nineties D. in his 1994
17. We can learn from the passage that ____________.
A. the American rowing team beat the Canadian team in less than 16 seconds in 1924.
B. Rockefeller was the first American medal winner.
C. James Stallman Rockefeller founded the National City Bank and became president.
D. His grandson thought Rockefeller had long life because of a regimented lifestyle.
18. What does the underlined word in the last paragraph but one mean
A. combined B. joined C. took on D. together with
19. What we can infer from the passage is that __________.
A. James Stallman Rockefeller is a great Olympic medal winner.
B. James Stallman Rockefeller was in good health until he died.
C. James Stallman Rockefeller was very active in American society.
D. James Stallman Rockefeller was the only grandson of William Rockefeller.
【解题导语】本文介绍了美国年纪最大的奥运冠军詹姆斯·斯蒂尔曼·洛克菲勒本周二在格林威治的家中与世长辞，享年102岁。他在1924年的巴黎奥运会上为美国队获得了一枚赛艇金牌。
【答案与解析】
16. C 细节理解题。1994减去1092差为92.
17. D 理解细节与猜测能力题。根据文章,A项错在美国队用时比加拿大队少16秒.而不是在16秒之内.B项错在他是最老的而不是第一个获胜者.C项更是与文章不符.
18. A 词义推测题。本题要通过上下文来判断，从下文看有to form Citigroup和Rockefeller also was a director of numerous companies可以推测出merged with 应为合并,联合之意.
19. C 细节理解和推理能力题。他一生仅获一次奖,故A错. 在死前患有中风,故B错.D项 说他是唯一的孙子与文中a grandson 不符.
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) E
L’HAY-LES-ROSES, France: Three teenage girls admitted starting a fire in a suburban Paris housing project over the weekend that killed 17 people, including three children, police said yesterday. A fourth girl was held yesterday morning.
The fire in a 19-storey building south of Paris was the third fatal blaze in the Paris area in nine days. The death toll rose to 16 after a man died late Sunday in a hospital, where seven others
were being treated for serious injuries, police said. 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Three teenagers taken in for questioning on Sunday admitted having started the fire for fun, police said. Two of the suspects were 18-year-old, the other was 16, police said. Further details were not available.
Witnesses claimed to have seen a group of youths who lived in the building start the fire, said Patrick Seve, mayor of the town of L’HAY-LES-ROSES, near Orly airport, where the building was located.
The fire is believed to have broken out in the lobby（门厅）of the building before raging up a stairwell at least three floors. Some residents jumped from windows as the fire spread through the building’s entrance.
Authorities were investigating possible criminals in an August 26 fire that killed 14 African children and three adults in a Paris apartment building. Three days later, another fire killed seven in a building.
Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy suggested on French television on Sunday night that copycats（盲目模仿者）were at work. “Each time there is a new story, sometimes that gives ideas to people who then turn into criminals,” Sarkozy said, promising severe punishment for anyone found guilty of arson（纵火）.
20. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？
A. Three girls were caught setting fire to a building.
B. The fourth girl wasn’t present when the fire broke out.
C. All the people lost their lives before police came.
D. Paris was troubled by fire during that period.
21. Why did the teenagers start the fire？
A. They were interested in playing with fire.
B. They wanted to make fun of their parents.
C. They were not satisfied with the surroundings.
D. They wanted to warm themselves.
22. From the fourth and fifth paragraphs we know that ________.
A. the witnesses must have put out the fire
B. the lobby of the building was covered with wood.
C. the witnesses were familiar with the teenagers
D. the residents shouldn’t have jumped from windows
23. What the Minister said in the last paragraph means that ________.
A. he doesn’t like to listen to new stories
B. he has no time to write new stories
C. teenagers often have ideas to turn into criminals
D. teenagers may do the same as others have done
【解题导语】
本文说明当宣传报道、电影、电视、文艺作品中出现了新的犯罪形态和行为方式、手段时，便在青少年中很快蔓延开来。实践中，很多青少年就是由于意志力不强，在对新奇事物盲目模仿中走上了犯罪道路的。
【答案与解析】
20. D 主旨大意题。第一段交代发生了火灾，第二段说明近段时间发生多少次火灾及伤亡人数等，故D符合题意。A和B只是说明一方面，C的说法不正确。
21. A 细节理解题。第三段第一句回答该题所问原因（…admitted having started the fire for fun…..）
22. C 细节理解题。第四段中…. Witnesses claimed to have seen a group of youths who lived in the building start the fire…和第五段第二句（…Some residents jumped from windows as the fire spread through the building’s entrance. ）说明该题选C最佳。
23. D 推理判断题。本句说明了青少年因模仿导致违法犯罪。Each time there is a new story, sometimes that gives ideas to people who then turn into criminals,”可以看出说明了答
第二组
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )A
Few people would question the value of taking part in sports for young people．With proper training，supervision，protective equipment and techniques，and an proper emphasis on winning，sports can develop a healthy body and spirit and a life-long interest in being active and fit .Without such measures，childhood sports can lead to injuries and even paralysis or death．
Even in the best conditions，no activity can be risk—free．But most serious hazards are preventable．Cyclists and football players can reduce their risks by wearing helmets；hockey players by wearing masks；basketball and tennis players by wearing eye guards；baseball players by wearing batting helmets．
Besides，risks to individual players can often be found，and thus prevented，through a properly performed medical exam before a child plays．For accidents that may not be preventable，having an emergency plan and first-aid equipment，and someone trained to use the equipment，can be lifesaving．
Still，each year，according to the American College of Sports Medicine，more than 775,000 children under 14 are treated in emergency rooms for sports injuries，nearly half of them preventable．An estimated 300,000 athletes experience exercise—related head illnesses each year，and almost all of them should have been avoided．
Further，from half to three—fourths of sports-related concussions（脑震荡） are never even diagnosed；the injured are often sent back in to play too soon and put at risk of another more serious brain—damaging concussion．To help reduce these risks, the National Center for Sports Safety, with the National Athletic Trainers’ Association, offers a three-hour online safety course for coaches for $28 at www.SportsSafety.org.
1．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．All the accidents can be prevented．
B．All the accidents cannot be prevented．
C．Lives can be saved so long as there is proper equipment．
D．Lives cannot be saved even if there is proper equipment．
2．What does the underlined word “hazards”(in paragraph 2)mean
A．mistakes B．diseases C．dangers D．situations
3．It is implied in the passage that ．
A．prevention of injuries is not paid enough attention to
B．children under 14 are more easily hurt in sports
C．most head illnesses are related with exercise
D．none of the head illnesses should have happened
4．What can coaches mainly learn from the online safety course
A．How to cure brain-damaging concussion．
B．How to diagnose brain-damaging concussion．
C．How to predict the possibility of brain damage．
D．How to deal with the injured properly．
【解题导语】本文谈的是人们在体育锻炼的同时所存在的安全隐患问题及相互的保护措施。
【答案与解析】
1．答案：B 正误判断题。根据文章第二段第一句可排除A而得出B正确；根据文章第三段内容可知道C、D两项说法太极端。
2．答案：C 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句的意思及后面的preventable可推知答案。
3．答案：A 推理判断题。根据文中列举例子推知答案。
4．答案：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段所谈内容可知此课程的目的是怎样正确救助（处理）受伤者。
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )B
Students are being forced to take additional exams to get into leading universities because good A-levels do not always indicate the brightest candidates.
Sixth-formers applying to courses such as medicine and law are being asked to sit American-style aptitude（智能）tests, which are designed to assess（评价）thinking skills, among fears that too many A-level candidates are getting top grades. Last year, almost one in six students applying to universities such as Oxford and Cambridge from independent schools had to sit additional test to secure a place.
Head teachers criticized the move, which they said would pile more pressure on schools and students. But universities insisted that the reforms were unavoidable, because A-level exams were no longer an accurate barometer（标准）of ability.
In 1986, 40 percent of students starting at Oxford achieved straight. As at A-level, Mike Nicholson, its admissions director, said that this year almost every candidate offered a place would get perfect grades. It meant the university had to stage additional test to identify the most able candidates. “The ability to achieve three A grades is no longer the end-point in the admissions process,” he said. “The potential to achieved three A grades will allow them to enter the race for a place.”
Oxford is not the only university turning to aptitude tests. At Cambridge, the number of students taking the university’s Thinking Skills Assessment shot up 26 percent to more than 3,000. A survey of 16,830 sixth formers applying to higher education from private schools last year showed that 2,860 had to sit at least one exam.
Earlier this year, the National Foundation for Educational Research recommended that most sixth formers should sit SAT tests — a standard reasoning exam widely used in American colleges —to make it easier to pick out the best candidates.
5．What is the attitude of head teachers to the reform
A. Approving. B. Doubtful. C. Opposed. D. Neutral（中立的）
6．Which British university first started to use aptitude tests to pick out the best candidates
A. Harvard. B. Oxford. C. Cambridge. D. Washington D.C.
7．What can we know about the A-level system
A. It can indicate the brightest candidates.
B. It was designed to assess students’ thinking abilities.
C. It is longer an accurate way to assess students’ abilities.
D. It was recommended by the National Foundation for Educational Research.
8．What can we infer from the passage
A. The reform is more popular in American colleges than in British ones.
B. The reform will be applied by all universities in the future.
C. Universities used to depend on the A-level system to choose the best students.
D. Passing additional tests will allow the student to enter Oxford, regardless of whether he or she gets As.
9．What is the passage mainly about
A. How to get into leading universities.
B. The disadvantages of the A-level system.
C. Different ways to identify students’ abilities.
D. Universities using extra exams to choose students.
【解题导语】全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
现在的成绩为A不再是学生进入大学的唯一评判标准，得到分数A的学生太多啦，A-level不能再准确地区分出最好的学生。学生们需要参加额外的考试才能进入大学。
【答案与简析】
5．A 细节理解题。根据第三段“Head teachers criticized the move, which they said would pile more pressure on schools and students.”得出答案。
6．B 细节理解题。根据第五段的第一句“Oxford is not the only university turning to aptitude tests.”可推知答案为B。
7．C 细节理解题。文章第一段就提出了“good A-levels do not always indicate the brightest candidates”，结合后面的内容可知答案为C。
8．C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But universities insisted that the reforms were unavoidable, because A-level……..”可知答案为C。
9．D 主旨大意题。文章开头就指出学生必须通过额外的考试才能进入一流大学，接下来分析了原因：现在得到分数A的学生太多了，A-level不能再准确地区分出最好的学生，故选D为最佳。
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )C
Ten Romantic New Year’s Resolutions to Improve Your Relationship.
, an online resource for romance and relationships, offers 10 New Year’s resolutions for improving your relationship in 2008. Resolutions are usually about improving yourself as an individual. They're not often geared towards improving your relationship. This year, why not set a few romantic resolutions
10 Romantic New Year's Resolutions to Improve your Relationship:
1. Set a monthly 'date night' and stick to it. Even if it's just dinner and a movie or a candle-lit dinner together at home, resolve to make time for each other this year.
2. Say "I Love You" every single day. These three small words carry so much meaning, yet they're never said often enough. Make sure that your partner knows you love and appreciate them every single day.
3. Put your love in writing. Nothing makes you feel warm like receiving a simple love note or a passionate love letter. Vow this year to put pen to paper and write your sweetie love notes, love poems, and love letters.
4. Bring back the spontaneity（惊喜）in your relationship! Try sending her flowers "just because". Buy him 2 tickets to a game of his favorite sport -- and go with him! Vow to surprise your partner at least once a month.
5. Get away from it all with a weekend get-away. Head to a cabin in the mountains or a relaxing SPA. It doesn't really matter where you go, as long as you go together and leave the interruptions behind.
6. Show your love each and every day. Give your partner compliments, hold hands, open doors, and engage in public displays of affection. It's the little things you do to show your love that always mean the most.
7. Shake up your romantic life with a little creativity. Create your own love coupon book with one coupon for your partner to redeem each week of the year. These little coupons can be as romantic, sexy, or practical as you want.
8. Have fun together! Take up a new hobby together this year. Join a softball team together, take cooking lessons, golf lessons, or dancing lessons. You'll not only learn something new, but you'll have fun with your partner at the same time!
9. Don't forget the little things. Make him lunch. Paint her toenails. Wash and wax his car. Do her weekly chores. It's the most practical way to show your love!
10. Get to know your partner better. Whether you're dating, just married, or celebrating your 25th anniversary, there is always more to learn about your partner -- and you can have fun doing it!
(文章来源：http://edu./a/20080103/000163.htm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ))
10．If you want to express your love in words, you’d better ________.
A. say “I love you”. B. have a candle-dinner.
C. give him/her a coupon. D. put pen to paper.
11．How many the most practical ways are there to show your love
A. 4. B. 6. 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) C. 8. D. 10.
12．Why had the lovers better have a weekend get-away
A. They lover nature. B. Fresh air is good for their health.
C. They have to get away. D. They need relax and romance.
13．What do you think the purpose is that the Romance gave the advice
A. To have fun. B. To be creative.
C. To improve relationships. 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) D. To encourage people date.
【解题导语】
爱情与情感网站日前公布了2008年改善情感关系的“十大新年决心”。下决心通常是人们用来勉励自己的，一般不用于改善个人的情感关系。可新年已至，为何不表几个浪漫的“爱情决心”呢？
【答案及简析】
10．D 细节理解题。结合第三条建议可知答案。
12．A 细节理解题。由倒数第二段得出答案。
12．D 细节理解题。结合第五条建议可得出答案。
13．C 主旨大意题。由全文可知，结合文章第一段内容可推出答案。
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )D
　 Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance. The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly. The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly allowance. In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money.
At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget. Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance. The object is to show young people that a budget demands choices between spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics.
Many people think it is not a good idea to pay your child for work around the home. These jobs are a normal part of family life. Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works.
Allowances give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save it. Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice: you have to cut costs and plan for the future.
Requiring children to save part of their allowance can also open the door to future saving. A saving account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound pounding works by paying interest on interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two percent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two percent of one dollar and two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot. But over time it adds up.
14. Many parents give children an allowance regularly to ______.
A. meet children’s basic need for life B. give control over their children
C. see whether they have financial mistakes D. help children learn how to manage money
15. For Children who receive allowances, they’d better not ________.
A. waste money to buy gifts for their parents or friends
B. buy their favorite clothing or electronics for themselves
C. save money like their parents or other adults
D. ask for the next allowance before the decided date.
16. If children are required to save their allowance, they ______.
A. can experience the three things related to money
B. can understand the relation between goals and sacrifice
C. will do more work around the house
D. help themselves found the basis for their future life
17. What does the underlined phrase “compound interest” mean
A. The interest based on the original money and unpaid interest.
B. A way of helping children earn two percent interest.
C. The interest intended for children to earn money.
D. A saving account opened for children’s allowance.
18. What would be the best title for the text
A. How to Give Children an Allowance
B. Spend Your Allowance within a Budget
C. Allowance Helps Children Learn about Money
D. Doing Housework Earns Children Allowance
【解题导语】本文讲述的是孩子处理零花钱的方式以及家长在钱的问题上如何教育孩子问题。
【答案与解析】
14. D。 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly”，其目的就是要他们学会如何经营金钱。故答案选D。全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
15. D。 细节判断题。根据文章第四段，孩子们可以利用这些钱来买礼物，可以买他们想买的东西，也可以象大人们那样节省钱。因此，选项A、B、C不对；从文章第二段来看，花完上次的父母给的钱而下次给钱的时间还没有到，在这种情况下向父母要钱的话是不好的。故答案选D。
16. B。 细节理解题。根据文章第四段和第五段，节省父母给的钱一方面可以理解自己的“目标”和“牺牲或损失”之间的关系，从而更好的节约和计划；另一方面，可以为自己的未来投资奠定基础。故答案选B。
17. A。 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段作者对于compound interest的解释以及所举的例子可知，“compound interest”是指存钱到期没有取出，并且一块把利息又放进去，从而实现“利息生利息”。故答案选A。
18. C。 标题概括题。本文主要是介绍了家长固定给孩子零用钱，从而让孩子学会如何节约，如何利用这些钱；同时，让孩子懂得钱的来之不易，从而学会理财。选项C正揭示了文章的主题。故答案选C。
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )E
( file: / / / C:\\DOCUME~1\\ADMINI~1\\LOCALS~1\\Temp\\Rar$DI00.718\\全品高考网 ) Bicycles are a great way to get around. They’re fun to ride, especially down hills. And, as you speed along the road, you might also think of ways in which you could improve your bike— make it safer, more efficient, or more comfortable. In fact, the two-wheeled machines make for some cool science projects.
This year's Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF), held last May in Cleveland, featured（had）three bicycle projects from three countries. Like many of the other experiments presented at ISEF, the bike projects showed that some of the most interesting scientific research often begins by taking a closer look at things you care about.
Renato Angulo Chu had even grander ambitions. The 12th-grader from Lima, Peru, wanted to address some of his country's economic troubles. 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
"I see a problem in my country," Renato said. "If you go to the forests in Peru, in some places you cannot find electricity. If you go with my bicycle, you can turn on the lights."
Renato, 16, spent 3 years designing his special Multibike. The device looks like a fixed exercise bike. It has wires fixed along the frame and a blender strapped(fastened) to the back. Turning the pedals operates the blender. The same principle can be used to sharpen knives or sweep city streets.
The Multibike can work either as a fixed bike or as a bicycle able to travel city streets and country roads. It's made from inexpensive materials, and the user gets exercise while pedaling to operate a machine.
"You pedal the bike, and you can mix any drink you want," Renato said. More importantly, he added, the same concept could be used to bring light to houses in remote regions of the rainforest.
19. What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. Bicycles are the best way to go about
B. Bikes should be made more comfortable to ride.
C. You can improve your bicycle for science research.
D. Many inventions are connected with the bicycle.
20. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. ISEF is an exhibiton displaying bicycle experiments designed by students.
B. Looking closely at things you are concerned about can lead to scientific research.
C. Renato’s improvement of the bicycle has solved the country’s great problem.
D. Renato’s special bicycle will soon be put into use in remote areas.’
21. The underlined word “address” in the third paragraph probably has the same meaning as _______.
A. make address written B. give up全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) C. work at D. speak at
22. Renato’s special Multibike has all the following EXCEPT ________.
A. making knives sharp B. mixing any kind of drinks
C. producing electricity D. operating a machine with its own electricity
23. It can be inferred that Renato’s special bicycle is mainly designed for ________.
A. distant areas in the rainforest without electricity.
B. the use of his own family to make life easier.
C. the competition of ISEF to win money to support remote rainforests
D. enough exercise by pedaling it
【解题导语】本文介绍了一种特殊自行车以及它的多种便利。
【答案与简析】
19．C 细节理解题。改进自行车也可以成为科学项目。由第一段“In fact, the two-wheeled machines make for….”得出答案。
20．B 判断归纳题。仔细观察你所关心的东西能够导致科学研究。由第二段“the bike projects showed that some of the most interesting scientific research often…..”得出答案。
21．C 词义猜测题。从词语的上下文来看，address在此处的意思是“从事于”，即解决一个问题。由三四段得出。
24．D 判断归纳题。这种独特的自行车可以磨刀、发电、搅拌饮料；文中没有提到用自发的点驱动电机。由倒数二、三段得出答案。
23．A 推理判断题。这辆特殊自行车的主要目的是能在偏远雨林地区发电用。由三、四段和最后一段“More importantly, he added, the same concept could be used….”得出答案。
第三组
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )A
Pushy parents and teachers who “hothouse” the under-5s risk causing damage to the children’s long term development, a leading education expert said.
Lilian Katz, Professor of Education at the University of Illinois, said that four-year-olds engaged in reading and writing went on to perform worse academiclly than those engaged in imaginative learning. They scored higher in tests at the age of 5, but children whose first year at school was stimulating outstripped them four years later.
The findings suggest that the government's structured approach to early years' learning could be storing up problems for children. They also raise serious questions about the plan for all children to be able to read by the age of 6.
In many countries formal teaching does not start until children are 6 or 7 and have improved their social and manual skills. Children start learning to read and write at 6 in the United States. France and Germany , and at 7 in Finland and Sweden.
Professor Katz said that in many schools the courses were "boring children to tears". Much academic teaching required children to learn by memorizing pieces of information out of context, she said. Teaching in reception class should instead allow children to develop their intellect by exploring their environments and asking questions.
"Research suggests the benefits of formal academic insturction for four- and five-year-olds seem to be promising when they are tested early, but considerably less so in the long term. When these children are followed over a period of three or more years, those who had early experience in more intellectually engaging curricula were more likely to do well in school than their peers, who had received early academic instruction." She avocates teaching children through first-hand experience and play, in mixed-aged classes. This can include puppet shows, drawing or running a pretend shop in the classroom.
1．According to the passage, those who “hothouse” the under-5s would probably _________.
A. prefer a lot of interaction and stimulation while teaching
B. teach in a lively way to motivate kids’ interest
C. push the kids to memorize pieces of information
D. care about the kids’ physical development
2．What does the underlined word “ outstripped” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. did better than 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) B. looked down upon
C. caught up with 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) D. performed worse than
3．According to Lilian Katz, the government’s structured approach to early-years learning ______.
A. is necessary for improving children’s reading and writing ability
B. needs to be improved to develop children’s academicability
C. will cause problems to children in their future learning
D. has more advantages than disadvantages
4．The message the author wants to deliver through the passage is that formal teaching _______.
A. can start at different times in different countries.
B. should not be started too early
C. is best carried out in Finland and Sweden
D. should include teaching children social and manual skills
5．Which of the following is NOT the opinion of Lilian Katz
A. Children should be taught through first-hand experience.
B. Learning in a mixed-age class is good for children.
C. Running a shop can help children get good marks.
D. Puppet shows and drawing are useful easy in teaching children.
【解题导语】
本文属于教育类文章。研究发现过早接受正规教育虽然能使儿童在开始时学业优秀，但对其以后的发展会造成很多问题。
【答案与简析】
1．C 细节理解题。文章第一段说明这种教育模式会对五岁以下的儿童的长远发展造成危害，而从第五段“….. required children to learn by memorizing pieces of information out of context…..”可知，这种教育模式是侧重于死记硬背。
2．A 词义猜测题。由第一段及第二段中的第一句可知五岁前接受读写训练的孩子在四年后成绩不如那些曾经在一年级接受过启发性教育的同龄人。
3．C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知政府的固定教育法会给孩子将来的发展留下许多隐患。
4．B 推理判断题。从第四段我们可知孩子在六、七岁以后，社交技能和动手技能才得到发展，所以正确的做法是让学生在探究环境中和提问的过程中开发智力，而不是过过多的正规教育要求学生死记硬背很多东西（第五段），因此说明了过早实施正规教育对孩子没有益处。
5．C 细节理解题。从文章最后一段的最后两句“She advocates teaching children through…., include puppet shows…”可知A、B和D三项是Lilian Katz所赞成的，C项意思与原文有偏差。
【备选题目】可根据需要调配试题难度。
1. The underlined word “outstripped” in Paragraph 2 means ____.
A. performed worse than
B. performed better than
C. made fun of 全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
D. looked down upon
2. The structured approach to early-year learning ____.
A. proves Katz’s findings
B. raises questions about Katza’s findings
C. causes too much competition among children
D. has a bad influence on children’s long-term development
3. According to Katz, what’s the problem that many schools have
A. They praise children too much.
B. They provide children with too much freedom.
C. They don’t encourage children to be active.
D. They don’t teach children to obey the authority.
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph
A. Kids with experiences in more intellectually engaging programs might perform worse at first.
B. Kids with early academic instruction might perform worse at first.
C. The earlier a kid is taught to read and write, the better.
D. Imaginative learning should be replaced in class.
1. B。根据句中的although可知4年后，接受互动和能激发兴趣的教育的孩子比过早练习读写的孩子表现得更好。
2. D。根据第四段第一句，再结合第二段内容，可得出答案。
3. C。根据倒数第二段首句可得出答案。
4. A。根据最后一段第一、二句，较早接受正规教育的孩子在早期的考试中要比那些较早接受智力开发的孩子表现得好些，选项A是该情况的另一种说法。
全品高考网 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )B
Be Brave With New Things
The old advertising slogan, “so simple a child can do it ,” has taken on new meaning to me. A few weeks ago I got a computer, but I an mechanically illiterate. I knew that children had no fear of the future, so that seemed a good place to seek help. I asked my nephew, twelve years old, at an elementary school, to help me.
My nephew took the machine for granted and has simply accepted the fact that computers are now a way of life. He plays with them and does his homework on them and even creates programs for them. I , on the other hand, are terrified by what this equipment can do. It can interchange paragraphs, switch words around and even correct my spelling. It informs me of Its limitations, takes commands and asks questions. It even seems to have a sense of communication. Rather than accusing me of making an error, it prints “One of us has made a m