吸星大法之中考复习
专题五、阅读理解 科普类
Lectured by Yin Lucheng [Tom]
1.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Cats are animals that live on land. They can be divided into two groups: big cats and small cats. Big cats are the larger animal species. Here are some materials about big cats.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Tigers are one o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the largest cats. They live in the forests and marsh areas of South-East Asia, India, Russia and Southern China. Tigers mostly live alone and mainly hunt at night. Young tigers leave their mothers at about two years of age.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )21世纪教育网 Lions live mostly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on the larger grassland of Africa. Unlike tigers, lions are the most social of the big cats. They live in family groups and hunt together. There can be up to 35 lions in a group. They use speed and strength to catch and kill their prey.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Leopards live mos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tly in the forest on the edges of plains in Africa and Asia. New born leopards only open their eyes after 10 days. They spend much of the day resting in trees. They do most of their hunting at night. They eat almost any animal they can catch.
31.When do tigers mainly hunt
A.In the morning. B.At noon.
C.In the afternoon. D.At night.
32.Lions live mostly in .
A.Asia B.Russia C.Africa D.India
33. What do leopards often do in the daytime
A.Rest in trees. B.Sleep in caves.
C.Look after their babies. D.Hunt small animals.
2.阅读短文，回答问题。
Most teens ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed more than 9 hours of sleep each night. But about 1 in 4 teens has trouble in sleeping. Lack（缺少）of sleep can affect everything from our feelings to how well we focus on tasks like studying. It can also influence sports performance, increase our chances of getting sick, and may be related to weight gain in some people.21世纪教育网版权所有
How can we get the sleep we need Here are some ideas:21cnjy.com
Be active during ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the day. Get at least 60 minutes of exercise a day. Physical activity can decrease（减少） stress and help people feel more relaxed. Just don't work too close to bedtime because exercise can wake you up before it slows you down.21教育网
Say goodnight t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o electronics. Experts suggest using the bedroom for sleep only. At least shut everything down an hour or more before lights out.www.21-cn-jy.com
Keep a sleep ro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )utine（常规）. Going to bed at the same time every night helps the body expect sleep. Creating a set bedtime routine can improve this relaxation effect. Spending time with a pet, writing a diary or doing anything else can relax you.2·1·c·n·j·y
Expect a good night' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s sleep. Instead of worrying that you won't sleep, remind（提醒）yourself that you can. Say "Tonight, I will sleep well" several times during the day. It can also help to practice breathing exercises or gentle exercises before bed.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Everyone has a sleepless night once in a while. But if you regularly have trouble in sleeping and you think it's affecting your mood or performance, talk to your doctor.21·cn·jy·com
46.How many hours of sleep do most teens need each night 21·世纪*教育网
47.Can physical activity increase stress or decrease stress www-2-1-cnjy-com
48.If Tom oft ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en has trouble sleeping and it affects like performance, what should he do
49.Does making the light on help to have a good sleep 2-1-c-n-j-y
50.Write dow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n at least one of your suggestions about getting the sleep we need.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 2 页 （共 2 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网吸星大法之中考复习
专题五、阅读理解 科普类
Lectured by Yin Lucheng [Tom]
1.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Cats are animals that live on land. They can be divided into two groups: big cats and small cats. Big cats are the larger animal species. Here are some materials about big cats.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Tigers are one ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the largest cats. They live in the forests and marsh areas of South-East Asia, India, Russia and Southern China. Tigers mostly live alone and mainly hunt at night. Young tigers leave their mothers at about two years of age.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )21世纪教育网 Lions live most ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly on the larger grassland of Africa. Unlike tigers, lions are the most social of the big cats. They live in family groups and hunt together. There can be up to 35 lions in a group. They use speed and strength to catch and kill their prey.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Leopards live mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stly in the forest on the edges of plains in Africa and Asia. New born leopards only open their eyes after 10 days. They spend much of the day resting in trees. They do most of their hunting at night. They eat almost any animal they can catch.
31.When do tigers mainly hunt
A.In the morning. B.At noon.
C.In the afternoon. D.At night.
32.Lions live mostly in .
A.Asia B.Russia C.Africa D.India
33. What do leopards often do in the daytime
A.Rest in trees. B.Sleep in caves.
C.Look after their babies. D.Hunt small animals.
【答案】
31.D
32.C
33. A
试题分析：猫科动物是生活在陆地上的动物，分为大型和小型两类。本文是对大型猫科动物的一些介绍：
介绍了老虎、狮子和豹子的生活习性等等。
31.D细节理解题。题意：老虎主要在什么时间 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )打猎？A.ln the mcming.在早晨j B.At noon.在中午； C.in .the21世纪教育网版权所有
attemoon.在下午，D.At ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )night在晚上。由第一格里的：Tigers mostly live alone and mainly hunt at niglt可知，2·1·c·n·j·y
老虎主要在夜间措食。故选D。
32.C细节理解题。题意：狮子主要生活在哪儿？A.Asia亚洲, B.Rusda俄罗靳, C.Africa非洲,D．India印【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
度。由第二格的第一句：Lions li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve mostly on the larger gassland of Africa可知，狮子主要生活在非洲的大型2-1-c-n-j-y
草地上。故选C。
33．A细节理解题。题意：豹子在白天经常 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )做什么？A.Rest in trees. 在树上休息,B．Sleep in caves.睡在山洞里, C.Look aiter their babies.照顾小豹, D.Hunt small animals爿昔杀小动物。由最后一格里的：They spend much21教育网
of the day resting in trees.可知，它们白天的许多时间花在树上休息上。故选A。
33. A细节理解题。题意：豹子在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )白天经常做什么？A.Rest in trees. 在树上休息；B.Sleep in caves.睡在山洞里；C.Look after their babies.照顾小豹；D.Hunt small animals.猎杀小动物。由最后一格里的：They spend much of the day resting in trees.可知，它们白天的许多时间花在树上休息上。故选A。www-2-1-cnjy-com
考点：科普类短文阅读。
2.阅读短文，回答问题。
Most teens need mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re than 9 hours of sleep each night. But about 1 in 4 teens has trouble in sleeping. Lack（缺少）of sleep can affect everything from our feelings to how well we focus on tasks like studying. It can also influence sports performance, increase our chances of getting sick, and may be related to weight gain in some people.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
How can we get the sleep we need Here are some ideas:21*cnjy*com
Be active during ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the day. Get at least 60 minutes of exercise a day. Physical activity can decrease（减少） stress and help people feel more relaxed. Just don't work too close to bedtime because exercise can wake you up before it slows you down.www.21-cn-jy.com
Say goodnigh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t to electronics. Experts suggest using the bedroom for sleep only. At least shut everything down an hour or more before lights out.【版权所有：21教育】
Keep a slee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p routine（常规）. Going to bed at the same time every night helps the body expect sleep. Creating a set bedtime routine can improve this relaxation effect. Spending time with a pet, writing a diary or doing anything else can relax you.21教育名师原创作品
Expect a good night ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'s sleep. Instead of worrying that you won't sleep, remind（提醒）yourself that you can. Say "Tonight, I will sleep well" several times during the day. It can also help to practice breathing exercises or gentle exercises before bed.21*cnjy*com
Everyone has a sleepless night once in a while. But if you regularly have trouble in sleeping and you think it's affecting your mood or performance, talk to your doctor.
46.How many hours of sleep do most teens need each night 21·世纪*教育网
47.Can physical activity increase stress or decrease stress
48.If Tom often has tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouble sleeping and it affects like performance, what should he do
49.Does making the light on help to have a good sleep 21cnjy.com
50.Write down at least ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one of your suggestions about getting the sleep we need.
【答案】
46.More than nine.
47.It can decrease stress.21世纪教育网
48.He should talk to his doctor.
49.No, it doesn’t.
50.Listening t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o some light music before going to bed helps us to relax.21·cn·jy·com
46.细节理解题。题意：大多数青少年每天晚上需要多少小时的睡眠？由短文第一甸：Most teens need more
than 9 hours d s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )leep each night.可知，大多数青少年每天晚上需要九小时以上的睡眠。故回答：More than nine
47.细节理解题。题意：体育活动可以增加还 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是腻少压力？由第三段第三句：Physical activity can decrease（减少）stress and help people feel mare relaxed.可知，体育活动可以减少压力、帮助人们感到轻松。故回答：It can
decrease stress．
48.细节理解题。题意：如果汤姆经常有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )睡眠问题，而且影响了其表现，他该怎么办？由短文最后一段里的：But if you regularly have trouble in sleeping and you think it's affecting your mood or performance, talk to your doctor.可知，如果不好的睡眠影响了一个人的情绪或表现。应该和医生谈谈。故回答：He should talk to his doctor.【出处：21教育名师】
49.推理判断题。题意：开着灯帮助 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )拥有好的睡眠吗？由第四段的内容可知，要给睡觉提供一个好的环境，提前关掉电器，当然睡时要关灯。故作否定回答：No, it doesn’t.
50.问答题。题意：至少写下你有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )关获得好的睡眠的一条建议。本题是开放性试题，只要言之有理即可。故可以回答：Listening to some light music before going to bed helps us to relax.
考点：考查健康保健类短文阅读。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品资料·第 4 页 （共 4 页） 版权所有@21世纪教育网(共8张PPT)
Lectured by Tom
2017年吸星大法之中考复习
阅读理解 科普类
【命题趋势】
这种题材的文章大部分是介绍科技前沿、科学动态、新的发明创造、科研方法、生态环保或是对某一个问题的来龙去脉和解决方法等加以介绍。作者的目的就是让读者获得知识、信息，对说明对象有所了解，并获得某些方面的启示。其特点如下：
1. 文章中会牵涉到实验、研究者、研究方法、在某项主题上的不同意见和争鸣，有时会出现读者还不熟悉的前沿性的科学题材，但作者一般持客观的态度，不显示自己的褒贬之意；
2. 此类文章为了做到通俗易懂，在语言上尽量避免使用专业性词汇，对于动词，做到这一点较容易，但是有些专有名词则无法避免，不过，作者通常会对较难的专有名词进行解释，甚至举例说明，这往往也是出题的地方；
3. 在语法上，此类文章长句使用较多，主从复合句、同位语、插入语、非谓语动词形式和被动语态使用率较高；
4. 此类文章语篇模式一般比较固定、整齐，主题句通常位于段首，多使用平行结构。
【应试对策】
针对科普文章的这些特点，阅读这类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、种属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。
考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。
Lockheed Martin, American space system company (空间系统公司) has found a really cool way to inspire the young minds of today to the research fields in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM).
It may look like a normal yellow bus, but all the magic happens once you get inside. Meet the “Mars (火星) Experience Bus,” part of Lockheed Martin’s new “Generation Beyond” national education program to get the kids joining in studying what goes on outside of our home planet. The bus offers a virtual reality (VR, 虚拟现实) experience making the teenagers feel like they are driving on Mars.
The VR experience was developed by taking advantage of software (软件) created for today’s best video games, so you can imagine the picture shown is top level. The kids do seem really excited to see the bus take a virtual trip on the red planet and search unknown places. It’s certainly a great way of leaning about the universe by virtual reality working on a common bus.
The Lockheed Martin’s bus will start a tour in the United States to allow kids from different parts of the country to take a ride in it. The Generation Beyond project also includes an iPhone app for iOS providing real-time information about weather reports for Mars, and there’s also a free deep space course for middle school teachers and students.
57. “A really cool way” in the first paragraph refers to ________.
A . A science subject B. Mars Experience Bus C. Video game software
58. “Generation Beyond” is a/an ________.
A. school bus B. educational project C. vocation trip
59. The VR experience was developed from ________.
A. video games B. space science C. diving systems
试题分析：本文介绍了一个美国空间系统公司用一种很酷的方式，乘坐一种火星体验公交车，让青少年可以进行一个虚拟体验旅行，体验在火星上驾驶。这是Generatiou Bevond项目的一部分。这个项目还包括一个iPhone应用程序为iOS提供火星实时天气预报信息。
推理判断题
词义猜测题
细节理解题
Robots seem to be getting cleverer and cleverer. Here are four examples.
Budgee· He was created by Five Elements Roboties. With two wheels and a little basket, he can carry things for you while you’re at the shops. Paro[]
He was made by Takanori Shibata.
He is used on patients in hospitals.·He can learn a name and even show feelings such as surprise, happiness and sadness.
Rover· He was created by a team at Sydney University. He is used to make cows move together from a field to a diary（牛奶场）. Simon ·
He was developed by the Georgia Institute of Technology.He can clean up offices.In tests, he could tell whether someone was paying attention to him or not.
75. Which robot can help you when you are shopping
A. Budgee. B. Simon. C. Paro. D. Rover.
76. We can learn from the passage that Paro .
A. can tell whether others pay attention to him B. was created by Five Elements Roboties
C. can help cows produce more milk D. is used on patients in hospitals
77. What can Simon do according to the passage
A. Show feelings. B. Clean offices. C. Move cows. D. Learn names.
78. Where does the passage probably come from
A. health report. B. A tourist map. C. A science magazine. D. A medical dictionary.
试题分析：这篇短文结我们介绍了几位机器人：当购物时这些机器人中的Budgee帮助我们运送东西，Rova目前帮助人们放牛。Takanori Sbibata设计的机器人的特别之处是他一直在医院工作。Simon目前清理办公室。
推理判断题
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Rock climbing is a popular hobby that many people enjoy doing. You can do it indoors on special walls or outdoors on real mountains. There are many advantages of rock climbing—it is fun and it also helps people forget worries.
The most important equipment（装备）to have is good shoes. They need to be half a size smaller than your usual size. The next thing you need is a harness（保护带）. This allows you to move freely, but will hold you up if you fall. It’s important to know how to use your equipment. If you are a beginner, it’s best to have lessons. A climber with experience can help you a lot in the beginning.
Rock climbing is very exciting for people of different ages. Climbers, however, must be careful not to pollute the environment. Sometimes rock climbers leave rubbish on the mountains where they climb. They should take it with them and throw it away. This will allow future climbers to enjoy a clean environment.
88. What advantages does rock climbing have （不超过10个词）
89. What equipment does a climber need （不超过10个词）
90. How can climber help protect the environment while climbing （不超过15个词）
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了攀岩运动。想做攀岩运动首先要有装备：好鞋及保护带。初学者最好上专门的课程，有经验的攀岩者对初学者非常有帮助。攀岩不仅是有趣的运动还目自帮助人忘记烦恼。
It is fun and it also helps people forget worries.
Good shoes and a harness.
They should take the rubbish with them and throw it away.
