2017-2018学年高一英语必修4学案（人教版）：词汇解析 Unit 3 AtasteofEnglishhumour

知识感悟
活学巧用
一、词汇详解
1.slide
?vi.&vt.?(使)滑动；(使)滑行
n.滑；滑动；幻灯片
【典型例句】
The
boys
amused
themselves
by
sliding
down
the
banister.
男孩们从楼梯扶手滑下以取乐。(不及物动词)
She
slid
out
of
the
classroom.
她从教室里悄悄地溜走了。(不及物动词,引申义)
He
carefully
slid
the
top
off
the
box.
他仔细地将箱盖挪开。(及物动词)
The
car
went
into
a
slide
on
the
iced
road.
汽车在结冰的路上打滑了。(名词)
She
used
slides
as
teaching
aids.
她用幻灯片作教学工具。(名词)
【要点归纳】
slide的过去式和过去分词都是slid;要注意,它还常用于引申义:“悄悄地进入或走出”。
完成句子
(1)汽车滑进了沟里。
The
car
________a
ditch.
(2)我书桌的抽屉容易推进拉出。
The
drawers
of
my
desk
________
easily.
(3)我们赶快溜进树丛里观察动静。
Quickly
we
________the
bush
and
then
watched.
(4)夏天悄悄地过去,秋天就要来了。
The
summer
days
are
________and
soon
it
will
be
autumn.
答案:(1)slid
into
(2)slide
in
and
out
(3)slid
into
(4)sliding
by
2.content
adj.满足的；满意的
vt.使满足
n.满足
【典型例句】
Don’t
be
content
with
such
a
small
success.
不要满足于这样小的成功。
I
am
very
content
to
live
in
a
flat
with
a
sitting
room
and
two
bed
rooms.
能够住在两室一厅的房子中我就很满意了。
Nothing
will
ever
content
him.
没有使他满足的事情。
The
man
and
wife
lived
in
content.
那对夫妻心满意足地生活。
【要点归纳】
content后面接介词with
sth.或to
do
sth.。作及物动词用时,常构成content
oneself
with
短语。作名词用时不可数,属抽象名词。
选译
(1)We
should
never
________
ourselves
with
a
little
book
knowledge
only.
Which
of
the
following
is
WRONG
A.satisfy　
B.meet
C.content
D.please
解析:A、C和D项都有“使……满意”的意思；而meet表示“满足”时,后面要接demand,need等名词作宾语。句意:我们切不可满足于仅仅有一点点书本知识。
答案:B
翻译句子
(2)看到这样的美景,我很满足。
_____________________________________________
答案:I’m
well
content
to
see
such
wonderful
sights.
3.badly
off贫穷；缺少
【典型例句】
My
family
was
badly
off
in
those
days.在那些日子里,我家很穷。The
school
is
now
badly
off
for
experienced
teachers.
这所学校现在缺少有经验的教师。
【相关链接】
badly的比较级是worse。如果进行比较时,常用worse
off。
well
off
处境不错；幸运的；富有的。例如:
He
seemed
to
be
very
well
off.他好像很富有。
选译
When
we
think
of
the
children
whose
families
are
________in
the
less
developed
areas,we
are
rather
fortunate
to
have
good
chances
to
study
and
nutritious
foods
to
eat.
A.poorer
off　　
B.harder
off
C.farther
off
D.worse
off
解析:此处是指比我们穷的人。用badly
off的比较级worse
off。
答案:D
4.astonish
vt.使惊讶
【典型例句】
The
news
of
her
sudden
death
astonished
us.=We
were
astonished
at
the
news
of
her
sudden
death.
她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。
It
was
an
astonishing
story.这故事令人惊讶不已。
We
were
astonished
to
hear
that
their
football
team
had
won
the
champion.
听说他们的足球队获得了冠军,这真叫人意想不到。
【要点归纳】
(1)astonish的现在分词astonishing表示“令人惊异的”；过去分词astonished表示“感到惊异的”。
(2)be
astonished后面接to
do
或at
sth.表示造成“震惊”的原因。
【相关链接】
astonishment
n.震惊；惊异
选译
(1)The
news________us
so
much
that
all
of
us
were________
at
it.
A.astonished;astonished
B.astonishing;astonishing
C.astonished;astonishing
D.astonishing;astonished
解析:第一个空是谓语,意为“使我们非常震惊”；第二个空是形容词,意为“令人震惊的”。
答案:A
改错
(2)It
is
astonished
to
see
him
in
the
net
bar.
答案:astonished改为astonishing
5.entertain
vt.&vi.使欢乐；款待
【典型例句】
We
were
all
entertained
by
his
humourous
stories.
他的幽默故事使我们大家都很开心。
They
often
entertained
their
friends
at
weekends.
他们常在周末招待朋友。
【相关链接】
(1)entertainer
n.款待者；演艺者
(2)entertainment
n.娱乐；款待
(3)entertaining
adj.愉快的；有趣的　如:
The
children
staged
an
entertaining
puppet
show.
孩子们表演了一场十分有趣的木偶戏。
填空
用entertain的适当形式填空。
(1)A
science
fiction
cannot
be
regarded
as
a
mere________,but
in
fact
it
tells
the
reader
much
more.(2)We
were
all________by
her
amusing
words.
(3)The
passenger
is
an
________
story
teller.
(4)She’ll
________all
her
friends
at
her
birthday
party.
答案:(1)entertainment　(2)entertained
(3)entertaining　(4)entertain
6.failure
n.失败(者)；破产；不及格
【典型例句】
Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
失败是成功之母。(不可数名词)
There
were
many
bank
failures
during
the
depression.
经济萧条时期许多银行破了产。(可数名词)
He
was
upset
by
his
failure
in
the
exam.
他因考试不及格而感到沮丧。(不可数名词)
【要点归纳】
(1)failure表示“失败的人或事”时,是具体名词,可数。
(2)failure表示“失败、不及格”时,是抽象名词,不可数。后面常接in
sth.。
【相关链接】
(1)fail
?vi?.失败。fail
in
sth.某事失败；fail
to
do
sth.没有做成某事
(2)success
?n?.成功；成功的人和事。例如:
Hard
work
leads
to
success.
努力工作通向成功。(不可数名词)
She
was
a
success
as
an
actress.
她是一位成功的女演员。(可数名词)
选译
(1)In
spite
of
lots
of______she
has
experienced,Mary
is
not
thinking
of
herself
as_______and
holds
an
optimistic
attitude
towards
life.
A.failure;failure　
B.failures;failure
C.failure;a
failure
D.failures;a
failure
解析:这两个空中的failure都用作可数名词；第一个空表示“失败的事”；第二个空表示“失败的人”。
答案:D
(2)While
many
people
long
for
______in
their
careers,some
result
in
______due
to
their
mental
abilities.
A.success;failure
B.successes;failure
C.a
success;failure
D.a
success;failures
解析:都用作不可数名词。
答案:A
7.chew
?vt.&vi?.咀嚼(食物等)；深思；体会
【典型例句】
You
must
chew
your
food
well
before
you
swallow
it.
你吞下食物以前必须要好好咀嚼。(及物)
He
can’t
chew
without
his
false
teeth.
他没有假牙就嚼不动。(不及物)
He
took
my
offer
after
chewing
on
it.
仔细考虑后他接受了我的提议。(引申义)
【要点归纳】
学习chew的用法,尤其要注意它的引申义。如:
chew
over/on
深思
选译
—Have
you
decided
which
university
you’ll
apply
for
—No,I’ll
have
to
________on
this
matter
to
avoid
my
later
regret.
A.decide　
B.settle
C.chew
D.discuss
解析:我得好好地想想,以免后悔。decide
on决定了；settle
on解决了；discuss是及物动词,不接介词。
答案:C
8.direct
?vt.&vi?.导演；指示；指挥
?adj.?径直的；直接的；直率的
?adv.?直接地
【典型例句】
His
boss
directed
him
to
cancel
the
meeting.
他的老板指示他取消这次会议。
She
personally
directs
the
operations
of
the
company.
她亲自指挥公司的运作。
Would
you
please
direct
me
to
the
zoo
请问去动物园怎么走
The
captain
directed
that
we
all
(should)not
make
noise.队长指示我们别出声。He
took
a
direct
flight
to
New
York.
他直飞纽约。
She
is
in
direct
contact
with
the
general
manager.
她与总经理直接联系。
He
went
direct
to
the
airport.他直接去机场。
【要点归纳】
direct作动词用时,与command,instruct一样,接宾语从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词形式是should
do或省略should。
direct作副词时,意为“直接地,不绕圈子地”。
【相关链接】
(1)direction
?n?.方向；指导；说明(书),作“说明”讲时,常用复数。
in
direction
of朝……方向
(2)directive
?adj.?指示的；命令的；训诫的
(3)director
?n.?主任,主管,导演
(4)direct作副词表示具体意义,directly表示抽象意义,作“直接地”(即“间接地”的反义词)讲,如:
She
answered
me
very
directly
and
openly.
她坦率直接地回答了我的问题。
另外,directly
也可作“立即”或“马上”讲,如:
Let’s
meet
directly
after
lunch.
我们午饭后马上去那儿。
选译
(1)—How
can
I
use
this
washing
machine
—Well,just
refer
to
the
________.
A.explanations　　
B.expressions
C.introduction
D.directions
解析:directions此处意为“说明书”。explanations解释事情的原委；introductions应用复数；expressions指表情或短语。
答案:D
(2)The
old
lady________her
niece
to
inherit
her
wealth
after
her
death.
A.directed
B.hoped
C.suggested
D.commanded
解析:句意:这位老太太嘱咐,她死后让她侄女继承她的财产。
答案:A
选词填空
用direct和directly填空。
(3)The
plane
goes
________
from
London
to
Huston
without
stopping.
(4)Let’s
meet
________
after
dinner;then
I
will
take
you
________
to
your
room.
(5)This
is
a
sentence
quoted
________
from
Latin.
(6)She
is________responsible
to
the
Minister.
(7)
He
was
looking
________at
me.
答案:(3)direct　(4)directly;direct　(5)directly　(6)directly　(7)directly
9.knock
into
撞上；撞见
【典型例句】
A
truck
knocked
into
a
car
when
running
around
a
corner.
一辆卡车在拐弯时撞上了一辆轿车。
I
knocked
into
many
books
which
I
liked
at
the
bookstore.
在这家书店我遇见许多喜欢的书。
【相关链接】
knock
on/at敲(门、窗等)
knock
against碰撞;同……冲突;偶然遇见
knock
about
(=knock
around);(口)到处流浪,漫游
knock
down
打/撞倒
knock
off
敲掉;下班休息;罢工
knock
over
弄翻;打倒
介副词填空
(1)He
knocked
________the
door
and
entered.
(2)Let’s
knock
________early
today
and
go
to
see
a
ball
game.
(3)He
has
been
knocking
________
Africa
most
of
his
life.
(4)I
knocked
________Mr.Smith
in
the
park
this
afternoon.
(5)With
one
blow
he
knocked
his
opponent
________.
答案:(1)at/on　(2)off　(3)about　(4)into/against　(5)down
10.pick
out
挑出；辨别出
【典型例句】
I’m
going
to
pick
out
a
few
books
to
send
to
Mary
as
her
birthday
gift.
我将挑选几本书作为生日礼物寄给玛丽。
There’s
such
a
big
crowd
that
I
can’t
pick
Samuel
out.
人太多了,我找不出塞缪尔来。
【相关链接】
(1)pick
up掘地；捡起；获得；使恢复精神；加快；看到；随便地认识；加速。如:
The
children
picked
up
many
sea
shells
at
the
seashore.
孩子们在海边捡到许多贝壳。
(2)pick
on选择(作挨骂或受罚对象)；挑中(某人)。如:
Why
pick
on
me 为什么偏偏挑中我？
(3)pick
at少量地吃;对……吹毛求疵。如:
The
bird
is
picking
at
the
grains
left
in
the
cornfield.
鸟在啄食田里剩下的谷粒。
选词填空
pick
up/pick
out/pick
at/pick
on
(1)It
took
Mary
a
long
time
to
________
a
new
dress
at
the
store.
(2)At
the
corner
the
bus
stopped
and
________three
people.
(3)We
could
________different
places
in
the
city
from
the
airplane.
(4)She
had
no
appetite
and
only
________food.
(5)Why
do
they
always
________her
to
do
the
difficult
tasks？
(6)He
has
________some
bad
habits
at
that
club.
答案:(1)pick
out　(2)picked
up　(3)pick
out　(4)picked
at　(5)pick
on　(6)picked
up
11.cut
off
切断；断绝
【典型例句】
He
cut
off
three
metres
of
cloth
from
the
roll.
他从那匹布上剪下三米。
The
village
was
cut
off
by
the
flood.
洪水使村子与外界隔绝了。
I
was
cut
off
on
my
line
to
London.
我打伦敦长途时,电话线被切断了。
【相关链接】
(1)cut
down砍倒;减少,缩减；改小或缩短(衣服等)。如:
We
cut
down
our
administrative
expenses.
我们减少了行政开支。
(2)cut
out切去;剪下;删去;中断。如:
You
can
cut
out
the
last
sentence
of
the
paragraph.
你可以删去这段的最后一句话。
(3)cut
away切去,剪去；切成,剪成;走开。如:
We
cut
away
all
the
dead
wood
from
the
tree.
我们把树上的枯枝全都砍去。
(4)cut
up切碎；切成小块;使痛苦。如:
The
cook
is
cutting
up
the
meat.
厨子正在切肉。
(5)cut
in/into插嘴,插入。如:
As
we
were
talking,she
cut
in
with
a
question.
我们正在谈话,她插嘴问了一个问题。
介副词填空
(1)The
enemy
soldiers
were
cut
________from
their
headquarters.
(2)She
was
badly
cut
________about
her
father’s
death.
(3)This
factory’s
production
has
been
cut
________.
(4)She
cut
________the
photograph
from
the
paper.
(5)Many
big
trees
along
the
road
have
been
cut
________for
building
houses.
(6)All
communications
are
cut
________.
(7)The
tailor
cut
________my
coat
very
well.
(8)Let’s
cut
________the
unimportant
details.
(9)He
was
stopped
when
he
tried
to
cut
________on
the
queue.
答案:(1)off　(2)up　(3)down　(4)out(5)down　(6)off　(7)out　(8)out　(9)in
12.fortune
?n?.财富；运气；幸运
【典型例句】
He
received
a
large
fortune
when
his
uncle
died.
他在叔父去世时得到了一大笔财产。(可数)
He
did
not
deserve
such
fortune.
他不配得到这种好运气。(不可数)
She
told
my
fortune
by
reading
my
palm.
她通过看手相给我算命。(可数)
【相关链接】
(1)fortunate
?adj.?幸运的。如:
The
old
lady’s
fortunate
enough
to
have
very
good
health.
老太太身体很健康,真是好福气。
(2)fortunately
?adv?.幸运地。如:
Fortunately
(for
me)
the
train
was
on
time.
幸好火车按时到达。
(3)由fortune构成的词组及谚语:
fortune-teller
?n?.给人算命的人
be
in
good
［bad］
fortune运气好［坏］
have
good
［bad］
fortune运气好［坏］
have
the
fortune
to
do幸而……(做)……
make
a
fortune发财致富
tell
sb.’s
fortune
给某人算命
run/try
a
fortune冒风险
seek
one’s
fortune找出路
Fortune
favours
fools.［谚］傻人有傻福。
Fortune
is
variant.
［谚］命运变幻莫测;天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福。
英汉互译
(1)幸好,这种飞机好像相当安全。
______________________________________
(2)他靠卖房子发了财。
______________________________________
(3)你们真幸运有这样一位好老师。
______________________________________
(4)Fortunately,the
fire
was
discovered
soon
after
it
had
started.
______________________________________
(5)She
is
fortunate
in
having
a
kind
husband.
______________________________________
(6)Through
all
his
changing
fortunes,he
never
lost
courage.
______________________________________
答案:(1)Fortunately,the
planes
appear
to
be
quite
safe.
(2)He
made
a
fortune
by
selling
houses.
(3)You
are
fortunate
to
have
such
a
good
teacher.
(4)幸好火势刚起就立即被发现了。
(5)她运气好,有一个好丈夫。
(6)任凭命运变换,他从不丧失勇气。
13.whisper
n.&vt.&vi.耳语；私语；密谈
【典型例句】
They
were
talking
in
whispers.
他们在窃窃私语。
“Good
luck
to
you!”
I
whispered.
“祝你走运！”我轻声地说。
【相关链接】
whisper还可用于引申义,意为“沙沙地响；传播开来”。
The
leaves
whispered
in
the
breeze.
树叶在微风中沙沙作响。
in
a
whisper
小声
It
is
whispered
that...据秘密传闻
选译
(1)She
had
to
________to
her
husband
so
that
she
would
not
wake
the
baby.
A.shout　
B.speak
C.whisper
D.talk
解析:句意:她低声与她丈夫说话,免得把婴儿吵醒。shout
大喊；speak和talk表现不出这个情景说话的状态。
答案:C
改错
(2)The
two
girls
talk
to
each
other
with
whispers.
答案:with改为in
14.sense
?vt.?感觉到,意识到
?n?.感觉；理性;辨别力；意义；道理
【典型例句】
I
sensed
that
I
had
made
a
serious
mistake.
我意识到自己犯了个严重的错误。
She
has
no
sense
of
time.她没有时间观念。
Anyone
in
his
right
senses
wouldn’t
do
that.
神智清醒的人都不会去干那种事。
He
had
the
good
sense
to
withdraw
from
the
election
contest.
他很明智,退出了竞选。
It
makes
no
sense
to
argue
with
her.
与她争吵没有什么用处。
【相关链接】
(1)sensation
n.感觉;知觉;轰动;激动;轰动的事件(或人物)
The
scandal
about
the
mayor
caused
a
sensation.
有关市长的丑闻引起了轰动。
(2)sensible
?adj.?明智的；察觉到的;有知觉的
Be
sensible
and
take
your
umbrella.
聪明些把伞带上。
(3)sensitive
?adj.?敏感的；灵敏的
Donna
is
sensitive
to
strong
smells.
唐娜对强烈的气味很敏感。
(4)sense与emotion/feeling/mood辨析:
sense官能；感觉；判断力；见识；……感；意义；理性
emotion感情；情感；情绪。如:
Love,hatred,and
grief
are
emotions.
爱、恨、悲伤都是感情。
feeling触觉；知觉；感觉；情绪
mood
心情；情绪；语气；状态
(5)由sense构成的词组:
in
a/some
sense
在某种意义上来说
in
no
sense绝不是,绝非
in
one’s
(right)
senses头脑清醒,有理智,讲道理
lose
one’s
sense
昏过去;发疯;失去理性
make
sense
(话等)有意义,合［有］理
make
sense
of
了解……的意义,懂得
have
a
sense
of
有……意识［感］
no
sense
in...
……没道理
选词填空
sense/sensation/sensible/sensitive
(1)Dogs
have
a
very
good
________of
hearing.
(2)We
didn’t
have
a
receiver
________enough
to
pick
up
the
signal.
(3)If
you
are
________you
will
study
for
another
year.
(4)The
report
of
Red
Duck
egg
accidents
cause
a
________among
us.
(5)He
is
________of
seafood.
(6)The
seriously
wounded
soldier
was
speechless
but
still
________.
答案:(1)sense　(2)sensitive　(3)sensible　(4)sensation　(5)sensitive　(6)sensible
选词填空
feeling/sense/emotion/mood
(7)He
is
free
from
any
________of
responsibility.
(8)The
cold
made
him
lose
the
________
in
his
fingers.
(9)Anyone
with
common________can
know
that
sort
of
things.
(10)I
have
a
________that
we
are
being
followed.
(11)That
evening
he
was
in
an
unusual
light-hearted
________.
(12)His
voice
shook
with
________.
(13)She
was
guided
by
________
rather
than
thought.
(14)He
is
a
man
of
strong
________.
(15)I
am
not
in
the
________to
argue.
答案:(7)sense　(8)feeling　(9)senses　(10)feeling　(11)mood　(12)emotion　(13)feeling/emotion　(14)emotions/feelings　(15)mood