2018届高考英语一轮复习课件（人教版）：必修3Unit 4　Astronomy the science of the stars(59张ppt)

课件59张PPT。话题词汇
1.universe n.宇宙
2.space n.太空
3.spaceship/spacecraft n.宇宙飞船
4.astronaut n.宇航员
5.orbit n.轨道
6.star n.恒星
7.have a great effect on对……有很大影响
8.make a great difference起很大作用；产生很大影响
9.change one’s life改变某人的生活
10.benefit from得益于，从……获益晨背佳作 积累素材 话题佳作
随着科技的发展，人类对外层空间的探索越来越深入。你们班据此展开了一次讨论，请根据表格中的内容写一篇短文，并谈谈你的观点和想法。佳作欣赏
A survey about the exploration of outer space is conducted in our class.The result shows that different students have different opinions.
The majority are in favor of space exploration because the Chinese people have been dreaming of going into outer space for a long time.Exploring space will help China to take part in the international competition in the future.However，some students argue against it.In their opinion，space exploration increases the economic burden，which calls for a large amount of money.In addition，as a developing country，China is supposed to make every effort to solve other social problems.Personally，it’s necessary for us to explore space，and we not only feel happy but also proud of the great achievements made in this field.As a student，I will study hard so that I can make a great contribution to our country.名师点睛
本文结构清晰：第一段引出话题；第二段说明我们班同学对太空探索两种截然不同的观点；第三段总结自己的观点。文章特色如下：
巧用被动语态引出话题；运用宾语从句表明我们班同学对太空探索有分歧，为下面两种观点的陈述作铺垫；运用原因状语从句、动名词作主语整合信息，说明观点，运用定语从句进一步提出所支持观点的根据运用not only...but also...及结果状语从句总结自己的观点；写作过程中巧妙地使用过渡和衔接词语，如however，in addition，personally等，确保行文连贯，过渡自然。自主排查　语境提升直击重点　突破考点内容索引教材升华　综合运用自主排查　语境提升Ⅰ.写作必记单词
1. n.系统；体系；制度
2. n.学说；理论
3. adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的
n.暴力
4. prep.与……不同；不像
5. adj.有害的
6. vi.生存；存在system1theoryviolentviolenceunlikeharmfulexist7. vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难
n.谜；难题
adj.困惑的
8. adj.温和的；文雅的
9. n.气候
10. n.& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力puzzlepuzzledgentleclimatepullⅡ.阅读识记单词
11.astronomy n.________
12.religion n._______________
adj.宗教的
13.billion n.& pron.& adj.___________________
14.globe n.___________________
15.carbon n.___
16.atmosphere n._____________天文学宗教；宗教信仰religious<英>万亿；<美>十亿球体；地球仪；地球碳大气层；气氛17.fundamental adj.______________
18.chain n._________________
19.multiply vi.& vt._________
20.oxygen n.___
21.biology n._______
22.gravity n.______________
23.physicist n.________
24.extinct adj._______________
n.灭绝基本的；基础的链子；连锁；锁链乘；增加氧生物学万有引力；重力物理学家灭绝的；绝种的extinction25.crash vi.& vt.__________
26.float vt.& vi._________________
n.______
27.exhaust vt._______________________碰撞；坠落(使)浮动；(使)漂浮漂浮物用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽语境活用　[用所给词的正确形式填空]
1.Li Jiang wants to become a policeman after the Internet voting while Su
Hua is (puzzle) at whom to vote.(2016·江苏)
2.Many wastes produced in the producing process are ________(harm) as well.
(2015·江苏)
3.As more and more people speak the (globe) languages of English，
Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.
(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
4.The debate between science and _______(religious) continues to be heated.puzzledharmfulglobalreligion5.They were strong and cold，rocking our little camping truck ________
(violent).(2014·湖北)
6.One night，when I was eight，my mother (gentle) asked me a
question I would never forget.(2014·天津)violentlygently1. 及时；终于
2. 对……有害
3. 下蛋
4. 产生；分娩
5. 轮到某人
6. 阻止；制止
7. 依靠；取决于
8. 挡住(光线)2in timebe harmful to/do harm tolay eggsgive birth to in one’s turnprevent...from depend onblock out9. 感到高兴；感到振奋
10. 熟悉；掌握；理解
11. 突发；爆发
12. 密切注意；当心；提防cheer upget the hang ofbreak outwatch out for语境活用　[运用上述短语完成片段]
Now that we all understand that the haze 1._______________________
(对……有害) our health，we should take effective measures to 2._________
____(阻止它) getting bad to worse.No matter what happens，we must 3.________(振作起来).If we keep on，we’ll succeed 4.______(最终). is harmful to/does harm toprevent itfromcheer upin time1.make＋宾语＋宾补
This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.
这产生了一个连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。
仿写　在我看来，最好把在我们的老师的帮助下我们经常组织一些课外活动成为一个原则。(2015·广东)
In my opinion，it is better to we organize some after-class activities regularly with the help of our teachers.3make it a rule that2.倍数表达法
...I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
……我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
仿写　这次失败对他来说是一次不小的打击，但是他没有气馁，很快就变得和以往一样有热情了。(2015·福建)
The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got . as enthusiastic as ever3.now that引导原因状语从句
“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
仿写　既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日对你来说将会是一个有意义的经历。(2015·全国Ⅱ)
，I think this festival will be a worthwhile experience for you. Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures直击重点　突破考点边讲边练　突破核心词汇自主训练　突破常考词汇点拨规律　突破经典句型(1)If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it?
如果我们知道流言蜚语是有害的，那么为什么我们中的许多人这样做呢？(2016·浙江)
(2)She’s a terrible gossip but she .
她爱说三道四，不过她没有恶意。harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的突破核心词汇边讲
边练means no harm(1)be harmful to对……有害
(2)harm n.& vt.伤害；损害
do harm to sb.＝do sb.harm伤害某人
cause harm to sb.伤害某人
mean no harm to...对……没有恶意
There is no harm in doing...做……无害处。基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]
(1)Don’t believe him.No harm (do) to him ever since.
(2)As second--hand smoking is (harm) and dangerous，people want a total ban against smoking in public.
(3)They don’t usually employ untrained workers，but there’s no harm in (try) your fortune. 层级训练has been doneharmfultrying写作能力提升——[一句多译]
(4)如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。
① (harm n.)
② (harmful)If used improperly，the medicine will do/cause harm to you/do youharm.If used improperly，the medicine will be harmful to you.(1)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.
如果没有蕾切尔·卡逊的话，环保运动今天可能就不存在。(2016·全国Ⅰ)
(2)Nowadays，there are still many people wondering when the earth _________________.
现在仍有许多人想知道地球是何时产生的。 exist vi.存在，生存came into existence(1)exist on靠……为生
There exists/existed...某地有……；存在……
(2)existence n.存在；生存
come into existence产生；成立；开始存在
in existence存在
(3)existing adj.(仅用于名词前)目前的，现存的(1)exist只用作不可数名词，因此没有被动语态，且通常不用于进行时。
(2)There exist...表示“存在……”“有……”，there不要换成it。[单句语法填空]
(1) exists a good way to solve the _______(exist) problem in geography.
(2)This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in (exist).
[完成句子]
(3)你知道这种机器人是什么时候问世的吗？
Do you know when this kind of robot _________________？
(4)某位哲学家认为，存在的事物都是合理的。
According to some philosopher， is reasonable.
(5)他们要靠这一点收入生活是不可能的。
It was impossible for them to . 即时训练Thereexistingexistencecame into existenceeverything in existenceexist on such a small income(1)What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China.
使你困惑的事实际上对很多中国父母来说也是个难题。
(2)I’m as to what to do next.
对于下一步该做什么我不知道。puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难
n.谜；难题 in a puzzle(1)puzzle over/about苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁
be in a puzzle (about) (对……)不知如何是好
(2)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
(3)puzzled adj.困惑的；感到迷惑的
be puzzled about对……迷惑不解基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]
(1)Their reason for doing it is still puzzle to me.
(2)He had a (puzzle) look on his face.
(3)His last paintings are perhaps the most (puzzle)，which even puzzle all the artists.
写作能力提升——[一句多译]
(4)消防员对这场火灾的起因困惑不解。
① (puzzle n.)
② (puzzled adj.) 层级训练apuzzledpuzzlingThe firemen were in a puzzle about the cause of the fire.The firemen were puzzled about the cause of the fire.(1)There are some health problems that，when not treated in time，can become bigger ones later on.
有些健康问题，如果不及时处理，以后会变得更严重。
(2)It is important to pay your electricity bill ，as late payments may affect your credit.
按时缴纳电费很重要，因为逾期缴纳可能会影响你的信用。(2016·浙江)in time及时；终于；迟早on timeon time准时；按时
in no time立即，马上
at no time决不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)
at a time一次
at one time曾经；一度基础知识训练——[用time的相关短语填空]
(1) did I feel they were being unreasonable.
(2)The car came to a stop just to prevent an accident.
(3)You’d better do one thing ，so that you can concentrate on it.
(4) ，that kind of thing would have made me really angry.
(5)We’ll do up your car at all.
写作能力提升——[同义句改写]
(6)If you study hard，you will succeed in time.
If you study hard，you will succeed ______ ___ ______. 层级训练At no timein timeat a timeAt one timein no timesooner or later (1)You look as though you need cheering up.
看来你需要振作起来。(牛津词典)
(2)Paddy was always and jolly.
帕迪总是很高兴，很开心。cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋(1)cheer sb. up使某人高兴
cheer...on为……加油
(2)cheerful adj.高兴的；快乐的
(3)Cheers！干杯！cheerful[完成句子]
(1)我们到医院去慰问伤员。
We went to the hospital to ______________________________________.
(2)当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。
When I’m feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories _____________.
(3)我们所做的一切都是为了给我们队加油。
What we had done was . 即时训练cheer up the wounded/cheer the wounded upto cheer me upto cheer our team on[用lay，lie的正确形式填空]
(1)The boy that the white hen a black egg and that he _______ it in the box which under this bed.
(2)Mothers routinely babies on their backs to sleep.lay v.放置；搁；下(蛋)，产(卵)突破常考词汇自主训练　liedhad laidhad laidwas lyinglay[单句语法填空]
(1)Nothing would prevent him from (speak) out against injustice.
(2)The laws protect everyone here from (attack).
[单句改错]
(3)He was prevented by illness coming to our birthday party.
(4)To keep warm，he kept the fire from burning all the night. prevent...from...阻止；抑制；制止∧
fromspeakingbeing attackedprevent sb.(from) doing＝stop sb.(from) doing＝keep sb. from doing阻止某人做……(在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略；被动语态中from均不可省略。)(1)Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊向我明确表示她希望开始自己的新生活。(2014·山东)
(2)The noise in the school .
学校里的吵闹声让学习变得很难。 句型：make＋宾语＋宾补This produced a chain reaction， which made it possible for life to develop.
这就产生了一个连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。突破经典句型点拨规律　makes learning difficult在此结构中宾语通常可用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置于宾补之后，可用作宾补的有名词、代词、形容词、不带to的动词不定式，过去分词、介词短语等。make变为被动语态时，不定式作主语的补足语要带to。基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]
(1)People in the west make it a rule (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
(2)My parents would like to make me (study) 24 hours a day.
(3)The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself ______(hear). 层级训练to buystudyheard写作能力提升——[一句多译]
(4)精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。
①Mastering the technology .(不定式作宾语)
②Mastering the technology .(从句作宾语) makes it possible for us to use the Internetmore effectivelymakes it possible that we can use the Internetmore effectively(1)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.
正在为下一届亚运会建的新体育馆是现在的体育馆的3倍大。
(2)In our county now the grain output is six times of before.
现在我们县的粮食产量是从前的六倍。句型：倍数表达法...I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
……我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。that 倍数的表达方式：
(1)倍数＋as...as...
(2)倍数＋比较级＋than
(3)倍数＋the size/height/length/width...＋of...
(4)倍数＋what从句
(5)倍数＋that of...基础知识训练——[单句改错]
(1)The red ruler is three times at the length of the yellow one.
(2)It is shown that men have twice as more serious accidents as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics.
写作能力提升——[一句多译]
(3)这张桌子是那张的三倍大。
①__________________________________
②____________________________________
③_____________________________________ 层级训练manyThis table is twice bigger than that one.This table is three times as big as that one.This table is three times the size of that one.“Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”句型：now that引导原因状语从句(1)Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago river，the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river.
既然芝加哥的废水排放到了河里，那么该城市下一步的工作就是净化这条受到污染的河流。(2015·湖南)
(2) we can’t buy a new car.
因为没钱，我们没法买新汽车。Since/Now that we have no moneynow that既然，由于，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略。
其他表示原因的连词或介词短语：
(1)because因为(表示直接而明确的原因，语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问)
(2)since因为；既然(可与now that互换)
(3)as因为(语气较弱)
(4)for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明)
(5)due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]
(1) you’re here，why not have a drink?
(2) it is late，I shall go home now.
(3)The school was moved out of downtown the number of students had grown too large.
(4)It must have rained last night， the ground is wet. 层级训练SinceSinceasfor[单句改错]
(5)He was angry because what he said.
写作能力提升——[翻译句子]
(6)既然这是最后一次机会，你最好抓住它。
_______________________________________________
(7)他不可能对你撒谎，因为他一向是诚实的。
_________________________________________∧
ofNow (that) this is the last chance，you should catch it.He can’t tell lies to you，for he is always honest.教材升华　综合运用Ⅰ.教材与语法填空
The earth was just 1. cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”.The earth exploded 2. (loud) with fire and rock.They were in time to produce many things，which were 3._______(make) the earth’s atmosphere.As the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.It allowed the earth to dissolve 4. (harm) gases.Then life began to develop.aloudlyto makeharmfulSmall plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.This encouraged the 5. (develop) of early shellfish and fish.Land animals such as insects，reptiles and dinosaurs 6._________(appear) after green plants appeared.Small clever animals spread all 7. the earth.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,8. prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.9. life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10. (solve).developmentappearedoverwhichWhetherbe solvedⅡ.教材与短文改错
Last month I paid a visit the moon with my friend.Before we left，I was told the force of gravity would change three time on our journey.Then we took up.As we left the earth，I became very heavily.
Gradually the weight lessen.When I was in space，it was disappeared.
We floated weightlessly around in the cabin and I cheered up. ∧
totimesoffheavylessenedWhen I was on the moon，I was surprising to find even walking needed a bit of practice now that gravity changed.The returning of the earth was very frightened.We were amazed to watch fire broke out on the outside of the ship. surprisedtofrighteningbreakⅢ.教材与微写作
写作素材(关于恐龙)
1.据说恐龙曾经是地球的主人。
2.恐龙在地球上存活了好多年。
3.它们生下小恐龙，温暖的气候使它们迅速繁殖。
4.不幸的是，它们未能制止自己的消失。
5.此后人类就开始统治这个地球。
提示：加蓝部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用It was said that...等结构。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)It was said that dinosaurs were once the masters of the earth.They existed on the earth for a long time.They gave birth to young babies and the warm climate helped them multiply quickly.Unfortunately，they couldn’t prevent themselves from disappearing and then it was the turn of the humans to control the earth.