课件21张PPT。语法专题一 名词
中考名题体验1.(2016年衡阳)—The last bus has left. What should we do?
—Let’s take a taxi. We have no other ______ now.
A. choice B. reason C. habit
2.(2016年青岛改编)Nancy took her temperature and found she had a ______.
A. cough B. toothache C. fever
AC3. —Can I help you?
—Yes,please.I need some and drinks.
A.potato B.apple C.beef
4.(2016年黑龙江龙东地区)— How far is your home from school ?
— About __ walk.
A. five minute's B. five minutes'
C. five minutes
CB 一、可数名词
可数名词有单、复数形式。
(一)名词复数形式的规则变化
1:一般在词尾加-s exercise→ desk→desks
2:以s,x, sh, ch 结尾的加-es watch→watches box→boxes
3:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,把y变i,再加-es factory→ lady→ladies
exercises factories4:以f 或fe结尾的词,一般把f 或fe 改为v,加-es。
wolf→ knife→knives
5:以o结尾的可数名词,有生命的加-es, 无生命的加-s。
potato→potatoes piano→pianos
wolves (二) 名词复数的不规则变化
1.单复数同形
Chinese→Chinese sheep→sheep Japanese→Japanese
2.改变元音字母
man→men woman→women foot→feet tooth→teeth policewoman→policewomen
3.只有复数形式的名词
trousers scissors pants glasses shoes
4.其他变化
mouse→mice child→children
(三)名词修饰名词的复数构成
1.通常名词作定语修饰名词时,复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。如boy students。
2.将两部分都变为复数的。如 women teachers、men singers。
3.sport修饰名词时,不论中心词是单数还是复数,sport通常用复数形式。 a sports club、sports shoes
(四)集体名词的数
1.通常做复数的集体名词。如police,people。
2.通常做不可数名词的集体名词。如furniture(家具),equipment(装备)。
3.既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词。如audience(观众),class(班级),family,goverment,public(公众)。如将这些词视为一个整体时,其后的谓语动词用单数;如强调的是集体的各个成员时,其后的谓语动词用复数。
二、不可数名词
1.概念:不可数名词只有一种形式,无单、复数之分。不可数名词不能以个数计算。物质名词和抽象名词和专有名词通常为不可数名词。物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质和材料的词。如rice,glass,mutton,paper,air,wood等。抽象名词是表示状态、品质、行为、感情的词。如knowledge ,danger,health,homework,happiness等。
2.用法:不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。不可数名词其前不能用不定冠词a,an和数词修饰。但可以用the 修饰。
(1)不可数名词可以用little,a little of ,some ,any,a lot of,lots of,much等表示不定量的词修饰 。
一些 牛奶
a lot of water 许多水
注意:a lot of /lots of /some 等词既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。
a little milk(2)不可数名词计数要用单位词。常见的单位词有 a piece of,a bottle of,a cup of,a pair of,a group of,a bag of等。若要表复数概念,要把单位词变复数。
a piece of news 一则消息
两瓶牛奶
注意:单位词既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。 如a group of people。two bottles of milk三、既可以作可数名词,也可作不可数名词的词,但意义有所不同。四、名词所有格
名词所有格通常是用来表示一个名词和另一个名词之间的所属关系。
1.构成
2.of 所有格
无生命的名词的所属关系一般要用介词of短语来构成。如a map of China,at the end of this term 。但表时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词直接在词尾加-'s或-'。 five minutes' walk
3.双重所有格
表示所属物的名词前有冠词(a/an),数词(one,two...),不定代词(some,all,any...),物主代词(my,your...),指示代词(this,that...时,常用“of +’s所有格”形式,即双重所有格来表示所属关系。
a photo of my sister’s
我妹妹的一张照片
this book of my classmate’s
我同学的这本书
五、名词修饰名词
名词作定语,要用单数名词修饰名词。如要变复数,只是被修饰词变复数。
two apple trees 两棵苹果树
health problem 健康问题
1.We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes
2.Please remember to give the horse some tree___ .
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf
3. —Can we have some ___?
-Yes, please.
A. banana B. oranges C.apple CBB4.—Did you hear any strange ________ when the quake happened?
—No, I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful ________ of my birds at that time.
A.voice; noise B.noise; sound
C.sound; voice
5. —Would you like ___ tea?
—No, thanks. I have drunk two____.
A. any; bottles of orange B. some; bottles of orange
C. many; bottles of oranges
BB6.—Mr Li was sent to teach Chinese in an American high school last year.
—Yes, I know.He told me he would never forget his pleasant ________ while working there.
A.experiments B.expressions
C.experiences
7.On the table there are five____.
A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes CC8.The theme park is about ________ ride from the museum.You should start out right now.
A.two hour B.two hour's
C.two hours' C