湖南省2017年中考英语总复习语法课件：专题14 主谓一致和特殊句式

课件24张PPT。 英语湖南语法专题十四 主谓一致和特殊句式 中考名题体验1.(2016年郴州)—Look！A woman with three children crossing the street.
—Let’s help them.
A. is B. are C. was
2.（2016年常德）Fifty yuan enough.
A.is B. am C. are
AA3.（2016年邵阳)One of my friends moved to America.I miss her so much.
A.has B.have C.are
4.（2016年永州）Neither Li Hua Nor I good at writing
A.am B.is C.are
5.(2016年张家界)Playing computer games too much
bad for students' health.
A.am B.is C.are 中考名题体验AAB语法探究一、主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
（一）语法一致
即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数。具体用法如下：


1.谓语动词用单数的情况
（1）单数名词或代词作主语时：
The young man is from Shandong.那位年轻人来自山东。
（2）动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时：
To err is human，to forgive is divine.人非圣贤，孰能无过。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
What hurts us the most teaches us the best . 伤害我们最深的对我们教育最深。

（3）由each以及some, any, no, every 等构成的复合不定代词作主语时；
Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence.世界上没有任何东西可以代替坚持。
2.谓语动词用复数的情况
（1）复数名词或代词作主语时
They are brother.他们是兄弟。
Vegetables are good for your health.蔬菜对你身体有好处。
（2）由and 或both…and…连接的并列成分作主语时
Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是双胞胎。


（3）以两个部分组成的物体名词如：scissors（剪子），glasses（眼镜），shorts（短裤），trousers（裤子）作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。如果其前带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单复数形式。
Jim's new trousers are black and white.吉姆的裤子是黑白色的。
One pair of scissors isn’t enough.一把剪刀不够。
Two pairs of glasses are on the desk.桌上有两副眼镜。

3.特殊情况
当主语后面跟有由as well as,with,in addition to,along with, together with,except,besides, rather than,more than,no less than等引导的词组时，随后的动词形式依前面的主语的单复数而定。
Bill，together with his sister，was hurt in the accident.比尔和他的妹妹都在事故中受伤了。
（二）意义一致
意义一致即是谓语的单复数形式起决于主语的单复数意义，而非起决于主语的单复数形式。
（1）集体名词如class，team，family，government，public等当整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；集体名词当组成集体的的各个成员看待时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Her family has moved to Beijing.她家搬到北京去了。
Her family are watching TV now.她的家人正在看电视。 （2）表示数目、时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
One hundred dollars is enough.100美元就够了。
（3）由and 连接的并列主语表同一概念时，谓语动词用单数；由and 连接的并列主语表不同概念时，谓语动词用复数。
The scientist and inventor is his father.那位科学家兼发明家是他父亲。
The scientist and inventor are coming to our school.那位科学家和那位发明家都要到我们学校来。
（4）“分数（或百分数）＋of＋名词”及“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词形式要视of后面的名词而定。
Lots of food is going to waste.许多食物将要浪费。
Lots of apples have been picked.许多苹果都摘好了。
Thirty-five percent of the doctors are women.医生中有35%是女医生。 （三）就近一致
就近原则即谓语动词的形式起决于最靠近它的名词的单、复数形式。
1.由or，nor，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also等连接的并列结构作主语时，随后的动词形式遵循“就近原则”
My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home.我的姐姐或是哥哥可能在家。
Neither these nor that fits me.这些和那个都不适合我。 2.由There be +并列主语作主语时，由靠近be的主语决定。
There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔和两本书。
二、特殊句式
（一）强调句
1.强调句基本句型为“It is(was)+被强调部分+
that(who)+其他”，此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening．昨晚在实验室做实验的是我父亲。
2. 强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do/did/does
调谓语。
She does like this horse. 她的确喜欢这匹马（二）倒装句
(1)“so+助动词／be动词／情态动词+主语”，意为“某人（物）也是这样”，用来说明上面说的情况也同样适用于后面所说的人或物。
Jim is smart，so is Carl.吉姆很聪明，卡尔也是。
（2）“neither+助动词／be动词／情态动词+主语”，意为“某人（物）也同样不”用于说明上面说的否定情况也同样适用于后面所说的人或物。
I didn't watch TV last night,neither did my father.我昨晚没看电视，我父亲也没有。

（3）以副词here，there，out，in，down，away等方位副词开头的句子，如果主语是名词，要用倒装语序。如果主语是代词，则不需倒装。
There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
Here are some flowers.这里有一些花。专项集训一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.Every working elephant （have）its own keeper.
2. Most of the drinking water _______ (be) from the Black River.
3. Not only she but also I _______ (do) morning exercises every day.
4. Either you or he ______ (have) made a wrong decision.
5. The family _______(be) spending the weekend together.
hasisdohasare6. The police _______ (be) trying to catch the thief.
7. The number of the teachers in the school ______(be) 120.
二 、语法填空
1.Eating vegetables______ good for our health.
A. is B. are C. were
2. Something _____ gone wrong with my TV set.
A. has B. have C. is
areisAA3.Nothing but grass and trees _______ the hill.
A. covers B. cover C. are covering
4.The trousers________ to me.
A. belong B. belongs C. is belonged
5. His family ________always quarreling among ________.
A. is; itself B. are; themselves
C. is; themselves
CAC6. There ______ a desk, two beds and four chairs in the room.
A. is B. are C. has
7. On the wall ______ two large portraits(肖像).
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged
8. It is what you do rather than what you say _________ matters.
A. that B. what C. which
ABA9.—You like football very much.
—________.
A. So do I B. So I do
C. I do too D. It is the same with meA