2017年中考专题--名词 复习课件+教学案+达标测试

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名称 2017年中考专题--名词 复习课件+教学案+达标测试
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专题复习1名词教案
【教学目标】
1.
梳理可数名词与不可数名词的用法。2.
理清运用名词所有格的用法。
3.
例解名词词义辨析。
【教学重点难点】
名词的用法及辨析
【知识梳理】
名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。名词在英语词汇中占有较大的比例,历年中考试题都要涉及,分值在2-3分,考点常分布在单项选择、完形填空和完成句子中。近几年的中考在淡化语法的同时,突出了语言的交际性和实用性,中考热点主要集中在:1.
正确识别可数名词和不可数名词;2.
掌握可数名词复数形式的构成;
3.
正确判断某些常用名词在特定语境中的可数和不可数性;4.
掌握名词所有格的基本形式及一般用法。攻克方法:要求学生全面掌握初中阶段所学的英语知识,系统地做好语法归纳并有意识地多记一些名词惯用语,尤其是与汉语不同的一些特殊用法。
考点一:可数名词与不可数名词
[考点透析]
在可数名词与不可数名词的考查上一般出现这样几类:(1)可数名词复数的不规则变化;(2)不可数名词的量化表达;(3)可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词。所以,大家首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。其次,还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则以及可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词。另外,还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有:a
bottle
of,a
cup
of,a
glass
of,a
bag
of等。
[品味中考]
1.
I
like
a
lot,
and
my
mother
usually
cooks
it
in
different
ways.
A.
fish
B.
potatoes
C.
noodles
(山西卷)
[考题解答]
1.
A。句中it指代不可数名词fish,但是不能指代可数名词复数potatoes或noodles。
[知识链接]
可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般是在单数可数名词词尾加—s。例如:boy→
boys,egg→
eggs
2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的,在词尾加-es。例如:bus→
buses,watch→
watches
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加—es。例如:
story→
stories,family→
families
4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v,再加—es。例如:
leaf→
leaves,knife→
knives
5.以o结尾的,一般在词尾加-s
(加-es的有hero,potato,tomato等)。
例如:photo→
photos,zoo→
zoos
不规则变化:1.元音字母变化。例如:foot→
feet,woman→
women
2.词尾变化。例如:child—children,mouse→
mice
3.单复数同形。例如:Chinese,sheep
[温馨提示]1.名词作定语一般用单数形式,如:an
apple
tree
(一棵苹果树),three
car
factories
(三个汽车厂)。但是修饰名词复数时例外,如:two
men
teachers
(两位男教师)。
2.不可数名词没有复数形式。不可数名词作主语,谓语应用单数形式。
3.单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数”的变化:单数集合名词(如class,police,family,school,group,team等)尽管形式上是单数,意义上都是复数,因此,一般要与复数谓语动词连用,例如:His
family
are
good
to
me.他的家人对我很好。(这里的family指家庭成员)
【注意】:当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时,意义上则是单数,因此,要与单数谓语动词连用。例如:Our
school
team
often
plays
well
in
our
city.
我们校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team指整个队,故谓语动词用plays)
[针对练习]
1.
You
can
get
much
about
the
World
Expo
on
the
Internet.
A.
map
B.
picture
C.
ticket
D.
information
(上海卷)
2.
The
doctor
told
me
to
eat
more
because
it’s
good
for
my
health.
(江西卷)
A.
orange
B.
vegetables
C.
ice
cream
D.
fish
[考题解答]
1.
D。information为不可数名词,可以用much修饰;而map,picture和ticket为可数名词,不能用much修饰。
2.
D。句意:医生告诉我要多吃鱼,因为它有利于我的健康。本题考查名词词义的辨析及数的概念。orange橘子,橘汁,如取“橘汁”之意,与题干中的eat不符,如取“橘子”之意,应该用其复数形式,且与后面的it不符,故排除A项;根据题干中的it可知设空处为不可数名词,故排除B项;C项不符合语境,多吃冰激凌对身体不好,故排除C项;fish
(鱼肉)为不可数名词,符合题意。
【名词单数变复数规则口诀】
名词单数变复数,一般加-s没有错。
词尾若是s,
x,
ch,
sh,直接加上-es。
词尾若是f或fe,加-s之前要变ve。
“辅音字母+y”来结尾,变y为i有道理,再加-es没问题。
词尾字母若是o,加-es有tomato和potato。
不规则变化要特别记,oo变ee,
foot----feet是一例。
男人女人a变e,
woman----women看仔细。
child复数要记准,“孩子们”是children。
考点二:名词所有格
[考点透析]名词所有格用于表示有生命或无生命事物的所有关系或所属关系。[品味中考]1.
-How
far
is
it
from
here
to
the
hospital
-It’s
about
ride.
A.
twenty
minute
B.
twenty
minutes
C.
twenty
minutes’
D.
twenty-minutes
(淄博卷)
[考题解答]1.C。ride在此为名词,根据“二十分钟的骑车路程”判断,选项中C正确。另外也可用twenty-minute来表示。
[知识链接]考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1.
表示有生命事物的名词所有格,一般在名词词尾加“’s”构成。这种所有格一般放在另一名词之前作定语。例如:the
boy’s
room
2.表示无生命事物的所有格,通常用“of+名词”结构。但应当注意词序与汉语习惯不同。例如:a
map
of
China
3.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市或团体等无生命事物的所有格,也可直接加“’s”构成。
例如:five
minutes’
walk
(五分钟的路程)
[温馨提示]
1.以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数,不能直接加“
’s
”,而应该加“

”。例如:the
boys’
teacher
2.表示并列名词共同的所有关系时,须在最后一个名词的词尾加“
’s
”;若表示并列名词各自的所有关系,则须在各个名词后面加“
’s
”。例如:Jim’s
and
Kate’s
rooms
(两人各自拥有),Jim
and
Kate’s
father
(两人共有)
[针对练习]
I
don’t
think
looking
after
children
is
just________
work.
A.
woman
B.
woman’s
C.
women
D.
women’s
(河北卷)
[考题解答]1.D。women的所有格是women’s,在句中作work的定语。
【名词所有格用法口诀】
  英语名词所有格,表示物品所有权。
  名词后加
’s,这种情况最常见。
  两者共有添最后,各有各添记心间。
  复数名词有s,
后面只把
’来添。
  名词若为无生命,我们常把of用。
  A
of
B是B的A,体现英汉序不同。
考点三:名词词义辨析
[考点透析]
做考查名词词义辨析类的试题时,常常要根据题意、具体语境或地理常识来综合分析。
[品味中考]
1.
-What
kind
of
fruit
is
your
favorite
-________.
A.
Rice
B.
Milk
C.
Apples
D.
Mutton
(济宁卷)
2.
-Could
you
tell
me
something
about
the
boy
who
helped
you
just
now
-Sorry,
I
know
nothing
about
him.
We
are_________.
A.
friends
B.
neighbors
C.
classmates
D.
strangers
(安徽卷)
[考题解答]1.
C。本题考查名词在具体语境中的运用。通过分析题干可以推断出正确答案是C项。apple属于水果。
2.
D。friends意为“朋友”,neighbors意为“邻居”,classmates意为“同班同学”。这些关系都不能说I
know
nothing
about
him.只有是“陌生人”才可能不了解他的任何情况,故选D。
[知识链接与针对练习]
1.cloth,
clothes,
clothing与dress
(1)cloth指“布”、“布料”。
(2)clothes指具体的衣服,包括内衣、外衣,不能与数词连用。
(3)clothing是服装的总称,包括内衣、外衣,还包括帽子、鞋袜、手套之类,只用单数,无复数。
(4)dress作不可数名词时,指外衣,尤指社交场合穿的服装。作可数名词时,常指连衣裙。
[针对练习]:①a
dish
______
答案:(cloth)
②I
want
to
buy
sports
___________.
答案:(clothes)
③Now
people
are
all
in
their
winter
____________.
答案:(clothing)
④She
wore
a
blue
__________
last
night.
答案:(dress)
2.dinner与meal的区别
(1)dinner是指“正餐(午饭或晚饭)”或“宴会”。
(2)meal是指“一餐(一顿饭)”。
[针对练习]:①Let’s
go
and
have
_________
together.
答案:(dinner)
②What
time
do
you
usually
have
your
____________ 答案:(meals)
3.
sound,
voice,
noise
(1)sound“声音”,指耳朵能听到的各种声音,多作可数名词。
(2)voice“声音”,主要指人的声音。
(3)noise指“噪音”。
可以作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,词组有make
a
noise等。
[针对练习]:①I
was
waiting
for
the
_________
of
the
other
shoe!(答案:sound)
②The
teacher
said
in
a
loud_________,“Please
keep
silent!”(答案:voice)
③But
every
night
he
heard
the
_______
upstairs.(答案:noise)
4.
job与work
都可译为“工作”、“劳动”。job,work是常用词,其区别:job是可数名词,work是不可数名词。
[针对练习]:①She
got
a
__________
of
washing
clothes.(答案:job)
②It
takes
a
lot
of
_________
to
build
a
building.(答案:work)
5.
person,people与man的区别
这三个词有共同之处,都有“人”的意思,但也有不同之处。
(1)person是指“人”(男人或女人),有单数形式,也有复数形式。
(2)people是复数形式,指“人民;人们”,不能指一个人。
(3)man专指“男人”也指“人类”(不用复数形式,不加冠词)。
[针对练习]:
①Two
___________
are
waiting
for
you.(答案:persons)
②He
lived
for
the
______________
and
died
for
the
people.(答案:people)
③All
__________
must
die.(答案:men)
6.
problem与question
都可译为“问题”,但它们所含的意思并不相同。
(1)question一般是指等待回答的“问题;提问”。
(2)problem一般是指等待解决(solve)或决定(decide)的“问题;难题”。
[针对练习]:①May
I
ask
some
____________ (答案:questions)
②That’s
no
____________.I
can
lend
you
my
money.(答案:problem)
7.table与desk
都可译为“桌子”,其区别:table通常用于吃饭,游乐等。desk用于读书或办公,并且大多附有抽屉,常被称为“书桌”、“课桌”、“办公桌”等。
[针对练习]:①We
were
at
_________
when
he
arrived.(答案:table)
②There
are
many
__________
in
the
classroom.(答案:desks)
8.
floor与ground
两者都有“地面、地上”的含义。其区别:floor
一般指室内的地上、地板、地面,而ground常指室外的地面,也可泛指地球表面。
[针对练习]①He
was
sitting
on
the
________
when
I
came
in.(答案:floor)
②The
______________
is
wet
now.
It
must
have
rained
last
night.(ground)
9.
door与gate
都可译为“门”。其区别:
(1)door
一般指房子、房间、家具等的门,还可用于比喻意义。
(2)gate指围墙、栅栏、篱笆等的开口处。
[针对练习]:①Close
the
________
when
you
go
out.(答案:door)
②He
walked
through
the
________
into
the
garden.(答案:gate)
10.
road
,
way,
street
(1)road指“公路;马路”,指两侧之间可以通行人或车辆的大道。“在马路上”一般用on
the
road。“穿过马路”用cross
the
road(或go
across
the
road)。
(2)way意为“路线;路途;方法”等,统指从一地到另一地的路途。常用固定词组有in
this
way(用这种方式);on
the
way
to(在去……的路上);get
in
the
way
of(挡道)等。
(3)street表示“街道”,其两边有建筑物。“在街上”一般用in
the
street。“穿过街道”一般用go
through
the
street。
[针对练习]:
①Excuse
me,
can
you
tell
me
the___________
to
the
post
office (way)
②When
he
went
home,
he
saw
an
old
woman
lying
in
the____________.(street)
③The___________
in
this
village
is
wider
than
before.(road)
11.
family,
home
(1)family表示“家;家庭”,也可指全体家庭成员。
(2)home意为“家”,带有眷恋等感彩。
[针对练习]:
①Tom
has
a
big___________.
There
are
six
people
in
his
____________.(family,family)
②She
has
been
in
Shenzhen
for
10
years.
Shenzhen
has
become
her
second
_________.
(home)
12.
idea,
advice
(1)idea表示“主意”,是可数名词。
例如:a
good
idea一个好主意
(2)advice表示“建议”,“忠告”,是不可数名词。例如:a
piece
of
advice
一个忠告(一个建议)
[针对练习]:
①Can
you
give
me
some_________
on
how
to
learn
English
well?(advice)
②He
has
got
a
good__________
to
deal
with
his
old
books.(idea)
【板书设计】
【教后反思】专题复习1名词学案
【学习目标】
1.
掌握可数名词与不可数名词的用法。2.
熟练运用名词所有格的用法。
3.
理解名词词义辨析。
【重点难点】
名词的用法及辨析
【知识铺垫】
可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般是在单数可数名词词尾加—s。如:boy→
boys,
egg→
eggs
2.以s,
x,
ch,
sh结尾的,在词尾加-es。如:bus→
buses,
watch→
watches
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加—es。如:
story→
stories,
family→
families
4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v,再加—es。如:leaf→
leaves,
knife→
knives
5.
以o结尾的,一般在词尾加-s
(加-es的有hero,
potato,
tomato等)。如:photo→
photos,
zoo→
zoos
可数名词的不规则变化:1.元音字母变化。如:foot→
feet,
woman→
women
2.词尾变化。如:child—children,
mouse→
mice
3.单复数同形。如:Chinese,
sheep
【课堂探究】
探究1可数名词与不可数名词
在可数名词与不可数名词的考查上一般出现这样几类:(1)可数名词复数的不规则变化;(2)不可数名词的量化表达;(3)可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词。所以,大家首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。其次,还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则以及可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词。另外,还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有:a
bottle
of,
a
cup
of,
a
glass
of,
a
bag
of等。
【针对练习】-What’s
in
the
cupboard
-A
few
,
but
little
.
A.
apples;
coffee
B.
coffee;
apples
C.
apple;
coffees
D.
coffees;
apple
探究2名词所有格
名词所有格用于表示有生命或无生命事物的所有关系或所属关系。
1.
表示有生命事物的名词所有格,一般在名词词尾加“’s”构成。如:the
boy’s
room
2.表示无生命事物的所有格,通常用“of+名词”结构。如:a
map
of
China
3.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市或团体等无生命事物的所有格,也可直接加“’s”构成。如:five
minutes’
walk
(五分钟的路程)
【针对练习】
I
don’t
think
looking
after
children
is
just________
work.
A.
woman
B.
woman’s
C.
women
D.
women’s
探究3
名词词义辨析
做考查名词词义辨析类的试题时,要根据题意、具体语境或地理常识来综合分析。
【针对练习】-What
kind
of
fruit
is
your
favorite
-________.
A.
Rice
B.
Milk
C.
Apples
D.
Mutton
【达标练习】单项选择。
1.

It’s
really
hot
today.
What
drinks
do
we
have
in
the
fridge
—We
have
some________.
A.
noodles
B.
cheese
C.
sausages
D.
lemonade
2.
A
new
study
proves
a
walk
every
day
is
enough
to
keep
people
away
from
becoming
fat.
A.
30-minute
B.
30-minute’s
C.
30
minute’s
D.
30
minutes
3.
—You
look
worried.
What’s
your_________
—I
have
trouble
learning
English.
A.
name
B.
question
C.
problem
D.
job
4.
John
always
says
that
he
likes
bananas
of
all
the________.
A.
vegetables
B.
fruits
C.
drinks
D.
animals
5.

What
do
you
have
for
me
—I
think
you
should
study
harder
than
before.
A.
news
B.
advice
C.
help
D.
information
6.
My
aunt
has
a
beautiful
garden
with
many________
in
it.
A.
flowers
B.
water
C.
grass
D.
class
7.
—Good
morning,
madam.
Can
I
help
you
—Sure,
I’d
like
for
cooking
vegetables.
A.
two
cups
of
coffee
B.
three
pieces
of
bread
C.
one
bowl
of
dumplings
D.
five
kilos
of
oil
8.
It
is
five
years
since
we
began
to
enjoy
a
spring
holiday
each
year.
A.
ten-day
B.
ten
day
C.
ten
day’s
D.
ten-days
9.
—I
want
to
buy
the
book
Cold
Mountain.
Do
you
know
its

—Not
really.
Maybe
three
dollars.
A.
cover
B.
size
C.
color
D.
price
10.
A
kind
is
better
than
a
good
face.
A.
eye
B.
ear
C.
heart
D.
hand
11.
His
favorite
is
the
Beatles
and
he’s
got
lots
of
CDS.
A.
film
B.
singer
C.
band
D.
concert
12.
—How
can
I
see
thick
snow
in
most
northern
parts
of
China
—You
have
to
wait
till
comes,
Steve.
A.
spring
B.
summer
C.
autumn
D.
winter
13.
—Hurry
up,
Jack!
—Just
give
me
five
minutes
to
put
my
desk
in_______.
A.
time
B.
line
C.
order
D.
shape
14.
I
bought
China
Daily
from
a
street-corner
machine
this
morning.
A.
a
page
of
B.
a
piece
of
C.
a
copy
of
D.
a
book
of
15.
—Why
not
go
to
the
Great
Wall
this
Saturday

I’m
afraid
it’s
not
a
good
.
Many
of
us
have
been
there.
A.
place
B.
day
C.
plan
D.
idea
【学后反思】
______________________________________________________________
参考答案:
1-5
DACBB 
6-10
ADADC 
11-15
CDCBD(共35张PPT)
专题复习1
名词课件
一、教学目标
二、教学重难点
三、知识梳理
1.
梳理可数名词与不可数名词的用法。。
2.
理清运用名词所有格的用法。
3.
例解名词词义辨析
名词的用法及辨析。
考点1:
可数名词与不可数名词
考点2:
名词所有格
考点3:
名词词义辨析
可数名词与不可数名词考什么?
(1)考可数名词复数的不规则变化;
(2)考不可数名词的量化表达;
(3)考可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词。
考点1:
可数名词与不可数名词
[考点透析]数
做题步骤:1.
明确可数名词与不可数名词;2.
明确可数名词的复数的变化规则以及可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词;3.掌握不可数名词的量化表达,如:a
bottle
of,a
cup
of,a
glass
of,a
bag
of等。
1
可数名词及其单复数
I
like
a
lot,
and
my
mother
usually
cooks
it
in
different
ways.
A.
fish
B.
potatoes
C.
noodles
(山西)
[品味中考]
考点1:
可数名词与不可数名词
[考题解答]
A。句中it指代不可数名词fish,但是不能指代可数名词复数potatoes或noodles。
考点1:
可数名词与不可数名词
1.可数名词的复数变化规则
[知识链接]
考点1:
可数名词与不可数名词
(3)个别名词单数形式和复数形式是一样的。如:
sheep,deer,fish,Chinese
等。
(4)“某国人”变复数口诀:
中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。如:
Chinese→Chinese;
Japanese→Japanese;
Englishman→Englishmen;
Frenchman→Frenchmen;
American→
Americans;
German
→Germans
(5)集体名词:
表示由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family,class,team,group,army
等。
集体名词作主语,如视为整体,谓语动词用单数。如视为个体成员,谓语动词用复数。如:Our
team
needs
money
to
play
in
another
city.我们队需要钱去另一个城市比赛。
(7)由两个名词组成的复合名词常在最后一个名词变复数。如:
a
girl
student
→two
girl
students
an
apple
tree→five
apple
trees
但如果第一个名词是man或woman时,两个名词都要变复数。如:
a
woman
teacher
→ten
women
teachers
a
man
nurse
→three
men
nurses
(6)只能用复数形式的名词。如:
trousers,clothes,people,
police,
cattle。
考点1:
可数名词与不可数名词
(1)不可数名词通常无复数形式。
2.
不可数名词的复数变化规则
(2)在没有量词的情况下,不可数名词前不能用a、an这两个不定冠词。
(3)不可数名词的量。
不可数名词要表示“一件”、“一个”等“量”的概念时,要用“数词+表示数量的名词+of+名词”来表示。如:
a
piece
of
paper
(一张纸)
two
pieces
of
paper
(两张纸)
考点1:
可数名词与不可数名词
(4)某些名词,表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的,而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如:A
glass
is
made
of
glass.
玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。句中的第一个glass是玻璃杯,是个体名词,是可数的。第二个glass意思是玻璃,是物质名词,就是不可数的了。
再如:
paper
(纸)
不可数,a
paper
(报纸,论文,试卷)可数。
考点1:
可数名词与不可数名词
巧学妙记
名词单数变复数,一般加-s没有错。
词尾若是s,
x,
ch,
sh,直接加上-es。
词尾若是f或fe,加-s之前要变ve。
“辅音字母+y”来结尾,变y为i有道理,再加-es没问题。
词尾字母若是o,加-es有tomato和potato。
不规则变化要特别记,oo变ee,
foot----feet是一例。
男人女人a变e,
woman----women看仔细。
child复数要记准,“孩子们”是children。
1.
You
can
get
much
about
the
World
Expo
on
the
Internet.
A.
Map
B.
picture
C.
ticket
D.
information
(上海)
[针对练习]
考点1:
可数名词与不可数名词
[考题解答]
D。information为不可数名词,可以用much修饰;而map,picture和ticket为可数名词,不能用much修饰。
2.
The
doctor
told
me
to
eat
more
because
it’s
good
for
my
health.
(江西)
A.
orange
B.
vegetables
C.
ice
cream
D.
fish
[考题解答]
D。句意:
医生告诉我要多吃鱼,因为它有利于我的健康。本题考查名词词义的辨析及数的概念。orange橘子,橘汁,如取“橘汁”之意,与题干中的eat不符,如取“橘子”之意,应该用其复数形式,且与后面的it不符,故排除A项;根据题干中的it可知设空处为不可数名词,故排除B项;C项不符合语境,多吃冰激凌对身体不好,故排除C项;fish
(鱼肉)为不可数名词,符合题意。
[品味中考]
考点2:
名词所有格
1.
—How
far
is
it
from
here
to
the
hospital
—It’s
about
ride.
A.
twenty
minute
B.
twenty
minutes
C.
twenty
minutes’
D.
twenty-minutes
(淄博)
[考题解答]C。ride在此为名词,根据“二十分钟的骑车路程”判断,选项中C正确。另外也可用twenty-minute来表示。
名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。
[知识链接]
1.
表示有生命名词的所有格,单数形式是加’s,复数形式加s’。如:
students’
rooms,father’s
shoes。
2.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格用s’。如:
twenty
minutes’
walk,ten
miles’
journey,two
pounds’
weight,
ten
dollars’
worth
考点2:
名词所有格
3.
无生命名词的所有格则用of结构。如:
a
map
of
China,the
end
of
this
term,the
capital
of
our
country。
4.
表示共同所有的名词,只需在最后一个名词后加’s。如:
Tom
and
Mike’s
room表示汤姆和迈克共有的一间房。
表示分别所有的名词,需在每个名词后都加’s。如:
Mary’s
and
Jenny’s
bikes
表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车。
考点2:
名词所有格
5.
双重所有格
a
friend
of
my
mother’s
我妈妈的一个朋友
a
picture
of
Tom’s
汤姆的一张图片
6.表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格,其后的名词可省略。如:at
my
uncle’s
在我叔叔的家里
at
the
doctor’s
在医生的诊所里
7.可用’s或of短语表示的名词所有格。如:
the
boy’s
name=the
name
of
the
boy
男孩的名字
the
dog’s
legs=the
legs
of
the
dog
狗的腿
China’s
population=the
population
of
China
中国的人口
China’s
capital=the
capital
of
China
中国的首都
考点2:
名词所有格
[针对练习]
考点2:
名词所有格
1.
I
don’t
think
looking
after
children
is
just________
work.
A.
woman
B.
woman’s
C.
women
D.
women’s
(河北)
[考题解答]
D。women的所有格是women’s,在句中作work的定语。
巧学妙记
名词所有格,某物是“谁的”。
构成有方法,多数把’s加。
复数词尾有s,只加“

”即可。
名词无生命,常把of用。
时间、地点和距离,所有格多用s’。
考点2、
名词所有格
考点3:
名词辨析
[考点透析]数
做考查名词词义辨析类的试题时,常常要根据题意、具体语境或地理常识来综合分析。
[品味中考]
考点3:
名词辨析
1.
—What
kind
of
fruit
is
your
favorite
—________.
A.
Rice
B.
Milk
C.
Apples
D.
Mutton
(济宁卷)
2.
—Could
you
tell
me
something
about
the
boy
who
helped
you
just
now
—Sorry,
I
know
nothing
about
him.
We
are_________.
A.
Friends
B.
neighbors
C.
classmates
D.
strangers
(安徽)
[考题解答]
C。本题考查名词在具体语境中的运用。通过分析题干可以推断出正确答案是C项。apple属于水果。
[考题解答]
D。friends意为“朋友”,neighbors意为“邻居”,classmates意为“同班同学”。这些关系都不能说I
know
nothing
about
him.只有是“陌生人”才可能不了解他的任何情况,故选D。

1.cloth,
clothes,
clothing与dress
(1)cloth指“布”、“布料”。
(2)clothes指具体的衣服,包括内衣、外衣,不能与数词连用。
(3)clothing是服装的总称,包括内衣、外衣,还包括帽子、鞋袜、手套之类,只用单数,无复数。
(4)dress作不可数名词时,指外衣,尤指社交场合穿的服装。作可数名词时,常指连衣裙。
[知识链接与针对练习]
考点3:
名词辨析
练习:①a
dish
______
②I
want
to
buy
sports
___________.
③Now
people
are
all
in
their
winter
____________.
④She
wore
a
blue
__________
last
night.
cloth
clothes
clothing
dress
考点3:
名词辨析
2.dinner与meal的区别
(1)dinner是指“正餐(午饭或晚饭)”或“宴会”。
(2)meal是指“一餐(一顿饭)”。
练习:①Let’s
go
and
have
_________
together.
②What
time
do
you
usually
have
your
____________
dinner
meals
考点3:
名词辨析
3.sound,
voice,
noise
(1)sound“声音”,指耳朵能听到的各种声音,多作可数名词。
(2)voice“声音”,主要指人的声音。
(3)noise指“噪音”。
可以作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,词组有make
a
noise等。
练习:
①I
was
waiting
for
the
_________
of
the
other
shoe!
②The
teacher
said
in
a
loud_________,“Please
keep
silent!”
③But
every
night
he
heard
the
_______
upstairs.
sound
voice
noise
考点3:
名词辨析
4.job与work
都可译为“工作”、“劳动”。job,work是常用词,其区别:job是可数名词,work是不可数名词。
练习:
①She
got
a
__________
of
washing
clothes.
②It
takes
a
lot
of
_________
to
build
a
building.
job
work
考点3:
名词辨析
5.person,people与man的区别
共同之处:
都有“人”的意思;
不同之处:
(1)person是指“人”(男人或女人),有单数形式,也
有复数形式。
(2)people是复数形式,指“人民;人们”,不能指
一个人。
(3)man专指“男人”也指“人类”(不用复数形式,不加冠词)。
考点3:
名词辨析
练习:
①Two
___________
are
waiting
for
you.
②He
lived
for
the
__________
and
died
for
the
people.
③All
__________
must
die.
persons
people
men
考点3、名词辨析
6.problem与question
都可译为“问题”,但它们所含的意思并不相同。
(1)question一般是指等待回答的“问题;提问”。
(2)problem一般是指等待解决(solve)或决定(decide)的“问题;难题”。
练习:①May
I
ask
some
____________
②That’s
no
____________.I
can
lend
you
my
money.
questions
problem
考点3:
名词辨析
7.table与desk
都可译为“桌子”,其区别:table通常用于吃饭,游乐等。desk用于读书或办公,并且大多附有抽屉,常被称为“书桌”、“课桌”、“办公桌”等。
练习:①We
were
at
_________
when
he
arrived.
②There
are
many
__________
in
the
classroom.
table
desks
考点3:
名词辨析
8.floor与ground
两者都有“地面、地上”的含义。其区别:floor
一般指室内的地上、地板、地面,而ground常指室外的地面,也可泛指地球表面。
练习:①He
was
sitting
on
the
________
when
I
came
in.
②The
______________
is
wet
now.
It
must
have
rained
last
night.
floor
ground
考点3:
名词辨析
9.door与gate
都可译为“门”。其区别:
(1)door
一般指房子、房间、家具等的门,还可用于比喻意义。
(2)gate指围墙、栅栏、篱笆等的开口处。
练习:①Close
the
________
when
you
go
out.
②He
walked
through
the
________
into
the
garden.
door
gate
考点3:
名词辨析
10.road,way,
street
(1)road指“公路;马路”,指两侧之间可以通行人或车辆的大道。“在马路上”一般用on
the
road。“穿过马路”用cross
the
road(或go
across
the
road)。
(2)way意为“路线;路途;方法”等,统指从一地到另一地的路途。常用固定词组有in
this
way(用这种方式);on
the
way
to(在去……的路上);get
in
the
way
of(挡道)等。
考点3:
名词辨析
(3)street表示“街道”,其两边有建筑物。“在街上”一般用in
the
street。“穿过街道”一般用go
through
the
street。
练习:①Excuse
me,
can
you
tell
me
the___________
to
the
post
office
②When
he
went
home,
he
saw
an
old
woman
lying
in
the____________.
③The___________
in
this
village
is
wider
than
before.
way
street
road
考点3:
名词辨析
11.family,
home
(1)family表示“家;家庭”,也可指全体家庭成员。
(2)home意为“家”,带有眷恋等感彩。
练习:
①Tom
has
a
big___________.
There
are
six
people
in
his
____________.
②She
has
been
in
Shenzhen
for
10
years.
Shenzhen
has
become
her
second
__________.
family
family
home
考点3:
名词辨析
12.idea,
advice
(1)idea表示“主意”,是可数名词。
例如:a
good
idea一个好主意
(2)advice表示“建议”,“忠告”,是不可数名词。例如:a
piece
of
advice
一个忠告(一个建议)
练习:①Can
you
give
me
some_________
on
how
to
learn
English
well?
②He
has
got
a
good__________
to
deal
with
his
old
books.
advice
idea
考点3:
名词辨析
四、课堂小结专题复习1名词当堂达标题
I.
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.
There
are
plenty
of
_____________
(tomato)
on
the
table.
2.
Look!
The
cat
is
running
after
two
little
_____________
(mouse).
3.
I’m
hungry.
Please
give
me
some
_____________
(bread).
4.

Is
that
_____________
(John)
bike

No,
his
is
black.
5.
There
are
two
big
_____________
(library)
in
my
city.
II.
从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空(每词限用一次)。
piece,
leaf,
tooth,
mistake,
habit
1.
Alice
has
still
got
one
of
her
baby
_____________.
2.
Sarah,
please
sweep
away
the
_____________
on
the
ground.
3.

I
always
take
a
short
walk
after
supper.

Oh,
it’s
really
a
good
_____________.
4.
Miss
Black
has
given
me
two
_____________
of
advice
on
where
to
buy
good
dumplings.
5.
Bob
did
his
homework
carelessly,
so
there
were
many
spelling
and
grammar_______.
III.
单项选择。
(
)1.—What
_____
bowl
of
noodles
would
you
like,
small,
medium
or
large
—A
large
bowl
of
beef
noodles,
please.
A.
color
B.
price
C.
size
D.
kind
(
)2.
In
this
test,
we’re
asked
to
write
a
passage
of
about
______.
A.
80-words
B.
80-word
C.
80
words
D.
80
words’
(
)3._______
the
teachers
in
their
school
is
about
200
and
one
fourth
of
them
are
_______
teachers.
A.
A
number
of;
women
B.
A
number
of;
woman
C.
The
number
of;
women
D.
The
number
of;
woman
(
)4.—How
far
is
it
from
Tianjin
to
Changsha?
—It
is
a
_______
flight
from
Tianjin
to
Changsha.
A.
2-hour-long
B.
2-hours-long
C.
2
hours’
long
D.
2
hour
long
(
)5.
—Excuse
me,
is
the
museum
far
from
here
—No,
it’s
about
_______.
A.
5
minutes
walk
B.
5
minute
walk
C.
5
minutes’
walk
D.
5
minute’s
walk
(
)6.

It’s
really
hot
today.
What
drinks
do
we
have
in
the
fridge
—We
have
some_______.
A.
noodles
B.
cheese
C.
sausages
D.
lemonade
(
)7.
A
new
study
proves
a
walk
every
day
is
enough
to
keep
people
away
from
becoming
fat.
A.
30-minute
B.
30-minute’s
C.
30
minute’s
D.
30
minutes
(
)8.
—You
look
worried.
What’s
your_________
—I
have
trouble
learning
English.
A.
name
B.
question
C.
problem
D.
job
(
)9.
John
always
says
that
he
likes
bananas
of
all
the________.
A.
vegetables
B.
fruits
C.
drinks
D.
animals
(
)10.

What
do
you
have
for
me
—I
think
you
should
study
harder
than
before.
A.
news
B.
advice
C.
help
D.
information
(
)11.
My
aunt
has
a
beautiful
garden
with
many________
in
it.
A.
flowers
B.
water
C.
grass
D.
class
(
)12.
—Good
morning,
madam.
Can
I
help
you
—Sure,
I’d
like
for
cooking
vegetables.
A.
two
cups
of
coffee
B.
three
pieces
of
bread
C.
one
bowl
of
dumplings
D.
five
kilos
of
oil
(
)13.
It
is
five
years
since
we
began
to
enjoy
a
spring
holiday
each
year.
A.
ten-day
B.
ten
day
C.
ten
day’s
D.
ten-days
(
)14.
—I
want
to
buy
the
book
Cold
Mountain.
Do
you
know
its

—Not
really.
Maybe
three
dollars.
A.
cover
B.
size
C.
color
D.
price
(
)15.
A
kind
is
better
than
a
good
face.
A.
eye
B.
ear
C.
heart
D.
hand
参考答案:
I.
1.
tomatoes
2.
mice
3.
bread
4.
John’s
5.
libraries
II.
1.
teeth
2.
leaves
3.
habit
4.
pieces
5.
mistakesIII.1—5
CCCAC
6-10
DACBB 
11—15
ADADC