2017年中考专题总复习学案-感叹句

2017年春中考专题总复习
感叹句
一、教学目标:
1.掌握感叹句的六种句式。
2.掌握如何将陈述句变为感叹句。
二、教学重难点：
1.How与
what
引导感叹句的不同。
2.感叹句的省略。
三、主要知识点：
1.感叹句的定义
用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句（exclamatory
sentence）.感叹句句尾常用感叹号，亦可用句号，朗读时用降调，在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。如：Great
!
How
cold
!
2.感叹句的六种句式
一般说来，感叹句是由
what
或
how
开头的，它有两个类型，六种句式。掌握了它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
1.用
what
引导的感叹句有三种句式，此时，what
为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词或名词词组（即感叹部分是名词性短语）。
1）.
What
+a
/
an
+
形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
e.g.:
What
a
fine
day
it
is！
多么好的天气啊！（辅音音素前用a）
What
an
old
building
that
is！那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊（元音音素前用an）
2）.
What
+
形容词＋可数名词复数形式＋主语＋谓语！
e.g.:
What
good
teachers
they
are！
他们是多么好的老师啊！
What
beautiful
flowers
these
are！
这些是多么美丽的花啊！
3).
What
+
形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
e.g.:
What
thick
ice
we
are
having
here！
我们这儿的冰多厚啊！
What
round
bread
it
is！
这是一块多么圆的面包啊！
2.用
how
开头的感叹句也有三种句式，此时，
how
是副词，用作状语，修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。
4).
How
＋形容词＋主语＋谓语！
（即谓语动词是连系动词）
e.g.:
How
hot
it
is
today！
今天天气多热啊！
How
beautiful
the
flowers
are！
这些花多么美丽啊！
5).
How
＋副词＋主语＋谓语！
e.g.:
How
hard
he
works！
他工作多么努力啊！
How
well
she
sings！
她歌唱得多好啊！
6).
How
+
主语＋谓语！（即谓语动词是行为动词）
e.g.:
How
she
dances！
她跳舞跳得多好啊！
★注意：
what
和
how
引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。　
e.g.:
How
cold
（
it
is
）
！
What
a
good
girl！
What
delicious
fish！
（三）陈述句变感叹句全解
1.如何快速掌握感叹句？
学会分析五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键，陈述句变感叹句实际上,就是句子成分位置的移动。
e.g.:
She
is
smiling
sweetly.
→How
sweetly
she
is
smiling!
（移动状语）
2.哪些句子成分可能会移动位置？
通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置，一般说来含有形容词的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。
位置可能会变动的句子成分：宾语、表语和状语。
e.g.:
Mr.
Turner
told
us
a
funny
story.
→What
a
funny
story
Mr.
Turner
told
us!（移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语）
3.如何确定使用what还是使用how？
当我们做句型变换或选择题时需要自己确定到底是用what还是用how，一般可以这样来确定：位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what，是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外:
how
+
adj.
+
a/
an
+
N
e.g.:
What
a
cool
bike
you
are
riding!（a
cool
bike
名词短语）
How
fast
he
is
riding!（fast
副词）
How
cool
a
bike
you
are
riding!（how
+
adj.
+
a/
an
+N）
4.如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词？
名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词，以元音音素开头的词语之前用an，以辅音音素开头的词语之前用a。
e.g.:
What
beautiful
sunshine
it
is
today!（sunshine
不可数名词）
What
a
useful
book
this
is!（useful
以辅音音素开头）
What
an
old
house
that
is!（old
以元音音素开头）
5.感叹句的六种句式见“二”
6.以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转换？
这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的:
①
含有“a/
an
+
adj.
+
N
”结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和how搭配使用。
e.g.:
What
an
expensive
glass
he
broke!
→How
expensive
a
glass
he
broke!
②
名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作“a/
an
+
adj.
+
N”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。
e.g.:
How
beautiful
the
birds
are!
→what
beautiful
birds
they
are!
（说明：N代表名词，未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式，S代表主语，V代表动词）
7.在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略？
常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。
e.g.:
What
a
naughty
boy!（省略了he
is）
8.陈述句变感叹句的歌诀
陈述句述事实，感叹句表感情。
陈述变成感叹句，主谓系表先分清。
宾语状语移句首，表语亦须打头阵。
名词之前用what，形副之前how先行。
复数名词无冠词，事先分析莫轻心。
如果名词不可数，摒弃a,
an不留情。
冠词a,
an要分明，清音辅音是标准。
句子结构要完整，标点符号亦变更。
总结规律进步快，编个歌诀给你听。
（四）其它句式变感叹句
有时陈述句、疑问句（句中常有so或much）以及祈使句也可直接转化为感叹句，不需要改变词的位置，只要改变原来的音调（即变为降调）。
e.g.:
He’s
such
a
nice
boy!
多好的孩子！
How
can
you
be
so
clever!
你怎么这么聪明！
Don’
go
with
us!
别和我们一起去！
Have
you
ever
seen
such
a
thing
你曾见过这种事情吗？
四、主要方法：
感叹句的讲解首先要让学生能够划分句子成分，尤其是在讲解how与
what引导感叹句的区别的时候。
五、典型例题
例1.
_______
food
you've
cooked!
A.
How
a
nice　　
B.
What
a
nice　　
C.
How
nice　
D.
What
nice
　答案:
D.
评析：由于How
修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词，且food为不可数名词，因此A，B
排除，C
How
+
adj.
后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What
+
adj.
+n.
(不可数)
例2.
________terrible
weather
we've
been
having
these
days!　
A.
What　
B.
What
a　　
C.
How　
D.
How
a　
答案:
A.
评析：weather为不可数名词，B，D排除,
C为how
+
adj.
后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What
+形容词+不可数名词。
例3.
---
_____
I
had!
　　
---
You
really
suffered
a
lot.
A.
What
a
time　　
B.
What
time　　
C.
How
a
time　　
D.
how
time
　答案:A.　
评析：感叹句分两类：
　　　　　1：What
+
n.+主谓部分
　　　　　2：How
+
adj.
/
adv.
/
v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于
What
a
bad
time
I
had!
这是个习惯用语。
六、练习
A
类:
一、选择题
1.
_________
delicious
the
dish
is!
A.
What
B.
How
C.
What
a
2.
________
strange
clothes
he
is
wearing!
A.
What
a
B.
What　　
C.
How
a
3.
________
an
interesting
subject
it
is!
A.
What
B.
How
C.
What
an
4.
________
foggy
it
was
yesterday!
A.
What
B.
What
a
C.
How
5.
________
careless
a
boy
you
are!
A.
How
B.
What
a
C.
What
6.
________
a
nice
watch
it
is!
A.
How
B.
What
C.
What
a
D.
How
a
7.
____
bright
girls
they
are!
A.
What
B.
What
a
C.
How
D.
How
a
8.
____
interesting
the
film
is!
A.
What
B.
What
an
C.
How
D.
How
an
9.________
sunny
day!
Let’s
go
out
for
a
walk.
A.
How
a
B.
How
C.
What
a
D.
What
10.
________
hard
work
it
is!
A.
How
B.
What
C.
What
a
D.
What
an
11.
________
day
it
is!
It’s
rainy
again.
A.
How
bad
B.
What
a
bad
C.
How
fine
D.
What
a
fine
12.
_________
great
day
July
1,1997
will
be!
A.
How
a
B.
What
a
C.
How
D.
What
13.
_________
expensive
trousers!
A.
What
B.
What
a
C.
How
D.
What
an
14.
The
sun
is
shining.
fine
day
it
is!
A.
How
B.
How
a
C.
What
D.
What
a
15.
thick
ice!
Would
you
like
to
go
skating
A.
What
B.
How
C.
What
a
D.
How
a
16.
cold
it
is
today!
A.
What
B.
How
C.
What
a
D.
How
a
17.
it’s
blowing!
A.
What
strong
B.
How
strong
C.
How
strongly
D.
What
strongly
18.
___
they
are
playing
in
the
playground!
A.
How
happily
B.
How
happy
C.
What
happy
D.
What
happy
children
19.
beautiful
flowers!
Where
did
you
buy
them
A.
How
B.
What
C.
What
a
D.
How
a
20.
honest
Angela
is!
A.
How
a
B.
What
an
C.
What
a
D.
How
21.
useful
work
she
has
done!
A.
What
B.
How
C.
What
a
D.
How
a
二.
把下列句子改为感叹句：用what与
how填空
1.
His
handwriting
is
good.
→
_____________
good
his
handwriting
is!
2.
These
photos
are
nice.
→______________
nice
these
photos
are!
3.
Betty
sings
well.
→
____
____
well
Betty
sings!
4.
They
are
working
hard.
→__________hard
they
are
working!
5.
Jenny
was
very
disappointed
when
she
saw
this.
→______________disappointed
Jenny
was
when
she
saw
this.
6.
It
is
a
wonderful
concert
→____________a
wonderful
concert
it
is!
7.
They
looked
worried.
→
__________
worried
they
looked!
8.
The
young
man
speaks
English
well.
→____________well
the
young
man
speaks
English!
9.
They
are
beautiful
flowers.
→_____________
beautiful
flowers
they
are!
10.
It
is
a
difficult
problem.
→____________a
difficult
problem
it
is
!
11.
Tom
has
strong
arms.
→___________
strong
arms
Tom
has!
12.
I
missed
my
old
friends
very
much.
→______________
I
missed
my
old
friends!
13.
The
children
like
their
teacher
very
much.
→__________
the
children
like
their
teacher!
14.
This
kind
of
flower
smells
nice.
→
________nice
this
kind
of
flower
smells!
15.
Time
flies
fast.
→___________
fast
time
flies!
16.
He
works
hard
at
his
lessons.
→___________
hard
he
works
at
his
lessons!
17.
The
pyramids
are
made
of
huge
stones.
→_________huge
stones
the
pyramids
are
made
of!
B类：
一、选择题
1.
_______
girl
she
is!
A.
What
bright
a
B.
How
a
bright
C.
How
bright
a
D.
What
bright
2.
_______
weather
we
have
today!
A.
A
fine
B.
What
a
fine
C.
How
a
fine
D.
What
fine
3.
________
careless
he
is!
A.
What
B.
How
C.
So
much
D.
How
much
4.
________
from
Beijing
to
London!
A.
How
long
way
it
is
B.
What
a
long
way
is
it
C.
How
long
way
is
it
D.
What
a
long
way
it
is
5.
Oh,
John,
_________
you
gave
us!
A.
How
a
pleasant
surprise
B.
How
pleasant
surprise
C.
What
a
pleasant
surprise
D.
What
pleasant
surprise
6.
___________
useful
work
they
have
done!
A.
What
B.
How
C.
What
a
D.
What
an
7.
__________
nice
picture
you
gave
me!
A.
How
B.
What
C.
What
a
D.
What
an
8.
exciting
news!
We
will
have
long
holiday
after
the
exam.
A.
What
an,
a
B.
what,
a
C.
How
an,
the
D.
How;
the
9.
–
An
earthquake
hit
Indonesia
yesterday.
--
terrible
news!
A.
How
a
B.
What
a
C.
How
D.
What
10.
–Dad,
do
you
like
my
picture
--
!
It’s
the
nicest
one
I’ve
ever
seen!
A.
What
a
strong
boy
B.
How
careful
C.
How
wonderful
D.
What
a
brave
boy
11.
—Jacky,
look
at
that
Japanese
sumoist
(相扑手).
—Wow,
!
A.
How
a
fat
man
B.
What
a
fat
man
C.
How
fat
man
D.
What
fat
man
12.
What
it
is!
A.
nice
day
B.
nice
weather
C.
a
nice
weather
13.
Mrs
Smith
is!
A.
How
kind
woman
B.
What
a
kind
woman
C.
What
kind
woman
D.
How
a
kind
woman
14.
piece
of
important
information
we
have
got!
A.
What
a
B.
What
C.
What
an
D.
How
15.
is
running!
A.
How
fast
a
boy
B.
How
fast
boy
C.
What
fast
the
boy
D.
How
fast
the
boy
二.
把下列的句子改为感叹句。
⒈
A:
Jill
is
drawing
a
beautiful
picture.
B:
______________________________________________
⒉
A:
Mr.
Wang
is
a
busy
man.
B:
______________________________________________
⒊
A:
The
cat
is
very
happy.
B:
______________________________________________
⒋
A:
The
tractor
is
going
very
slowly.
B:
_______________________________________________
⒌
A:
He
is
very
lucky.
B:
_______________________________________________
⒍
A:
It
is
a
wet
day
today.
B:
_______________________________________________
⒎
A:
They
started
early.
B:
_______________________________________________
⒏
A:
They
waited
a
long
time.
B:
_______________________________________________
⒐
A:
He
is
wearing
a
large
shirt.
B:
______________________________________________
⒑
A:
The
dolphin
is
playing
happily.
B:
______________________________________________
11.
It
is
quite
a
nice
present.→_____________
______________
nice
present!
12.
We
have
fine
weather
today.→
_____________
____________
weather
we
have
today!
13.
It’s
sunny
today.→_______________
______________
sunny
day
it
is
today!
14.
The
children
are
working
hard.→______________
__________
the
children
are
working!
15.
She
played
basketball
wonderfully.→______________
_________
she
played
basketball!
16.
He
is
good
at
singing.→________________
______________
he
sings!
17.
He
was
doing
well
in
dancing.→__________
a
___________
dancer
he
was!
18.
Tom
coughs
badly.→___________
__________
_____________
cough
Tom
has!
19.
The
fish
is
very
lovely.→___________
_____________
the
fish
is!
20.
They
live
a
happy
life
today.→____________
_____________
__________
life
they
live!
附：答案
A类：选择：
1—5：BBACA
6—10：BACCB
11—15：BBADA
16—21：BCABDA
把下列句子改为感叹句：
1.
How.
2.
How.
3.
How
4.
How
5.
How
6.
What
7.
How
8.
How
9.
What
10.
What
11.
What
12.
How
13.
How
14.
How
15.
How
16.
How
17.
What
B类：选择：
1—5：CDBDC
6—10：ACBDC
11—15：BBBAD
把下列句子改为感叹句：
⒈
What
a
beautiful
picture
Jill
is
drawing!/
How
beautiful
a
picture
Jill
is
drawing!
⒉
What
a
busy
man
Mr
Wang
is!/
How
busy
a
man
Mr
Wang
is
!
⒊
How
happy
the
cat
is!/
What
a
happy
cat
it
is!
⒋
How
slowly
the
tractor
is
going!

⒌
How
lucky
he
is!

⒍
What
a
wet
day
it
is
today!/
How
wet
a
day
it
is
today!

⒎
How
early
they
started!
⒏
What
a
long
time
they
waited!
⒐
What
a
large
shirt
he
is
wearing!/
How
large
a
shirt
he
is
wearing!
⒑
How
happily
the
dolphin
is
playing!
11.
What
a
12.
What
fine
13.
What
a
14.
How
hard
15.
How
wonderfully
16.
How
well
17.
What
good
18.
What
a
bad
19.
How
lovely
20.
What
a
happy