ellipsis省略
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课件24张PPT。
Ellipsis (省略）
原因：1.避免重复 2.使语言简洁
原则：1.不损害句子结构 2.不引起误解
省掉：一个或多个句子成分
分类：
一、 简单句中的省略
二、 并列句中的省略
三、 复合句中的省略
四、 不定式的省略
五、 特殊省略
一 、简单句中的省略 见课本p90
1．省略主语
(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。
(It)Doesn’t matter.没关系。
2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分
a) (There is) No smoking. 禁止抽烟
b) (Is there)anything else ? 还有其他事吗 ？
3．省略宾语
—Do you know Mr. Li ? I don’t know (him.)
4．省略表语
—Are you thirsty ? Yes , I am (thirsty).
5．同时省略几个成分
a) —Are you feeling better now?
—(I am feeling ) Much better (now)
b) (I wish) Good luck (to you) .二 、并列句中的省略
后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分
a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman.
b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry
c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework.
d) A was born in 1959 and B (was born) in 1963.
1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset?
---________her new bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost
C. Losing D. Because of losing
2. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and________.
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white
3. I’m looking forward as much to her return
as she to _____ me.
have seen B. seeing
C. meet D. be met三、 复合句中的省略
1. 名词性从句中
宾语从句中that一省二不省
I hope (that) I can get a good mark and that I can go to college
2. 定语从句中
限制性定从中,关系代词做从句的宾语时可省
He is the man (whom/who/that) you've been looking for.3. 状语从句中
在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中
(when, while, if, unless, as, as if, although, though, even if, once)
省略: 从句的主语+be动词,
保留: 连词+分词、介短、不定式、形容词、副词、名词等
特殊：If/unless/when necessary/possible
了解:
a) Once (he was) a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .
b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.
c) He looked everywhere as if (he was)
in search of something .
d) Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.
1. Generally speaking, ________according to directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
2. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in 练习四、 不定式的省略
1) 保留to的
避免重复，省略to后成分，只保留to，但如to后是动词be或have，则不省:
(1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there).
(2) –Are you an engineer now? --No, but I want to be.
--I used to be.
(3) –He hasn’t finished the task yet.
--Well, he ought to have. 1---I’ll be away on a business trip. Would
you mind looking after my cat?
---Not at all.______.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it D. I’d be glad to
2---- Won’t you have another try?
---- ________.
A. Yes, I will have B. Yes, I won’t have
C. Yes, I won’t D. Yes, I will 3. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant ________, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to
C. doing D. doing it
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to2)省略to的
a)有do省to（主语部分有do , 作表语的不定式常省去to）
The thing you can do is (to) wait.
He had nothing to do but (to) give in.
b)在感觉动词后做宾补时省略to（吾看三室两厅一感觉），被动还原
I saw the boy fall from the tree.
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
c)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.五、特殊省略
1）用so,not代替上文
---- Is he fit for the job?
---- I think so/not
(hope,believe,guess,imagine,suppose)
2)虚拟语气中should可省
3)if引导虚拟条件句if省,should/ were /had提前
Had I time, I would help you
(2) Were I you, I would go abroad.
(3) Should he come, tell me4)交际用语中
what for? = why
what’s up?
what if? = what will happen if…？
so what?
how come? = how it come about?
How is that?
How (what) about doing?
no problem/no way = there is no …
no wonder---it is no wonder that..
why (not) do =why don’t you do..？
Not really1. —He says he doesn’t like you.
----____
A so what? B Like what?
C what if? D. About what?
2. —If you keep on breaking the rules, you will be fired.
??? ?—______.
???A. what for??????????B. How come?
???C. so what?????? ?D. why so?3. —I’ve given up smoking already,dear
—You should have taken the doctor’s advice years ago._______,anyway.
???A. Better late than never???????
B. It’s easier aid than done
C. No pains, no gains????
?D. well begun is half done
4---Have you been wasting time on computer games again?
---_____. I have been studying a lot and I need a break.
A. No way B. Not really
C. I don’t agree D. I couldn’t agree more5. —She may not be free today.
??—_____, we’ll have to put the meeting off.
A. If may B. If not
C. If she may not
D. If she may not be free today
6. —The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
??? ?—______.
???A. I guess not so??????????B. I don’t guess
??? C. I don’t guess so??????D. I guess not. 提升技能练习1. What would have happened ________, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
2.When first _____ to the market,
these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
3. —Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
??—______?
What for B. What is it
C. How is it D. How come分析：What for（为什么）它的完整表达应是
What are you going to use the empty drawer for ?
4. If ________ the same treatment again, he's sure to get well.
A. Giving B. give C. given D. being given5?—Did you visit the museum last week ?
??—No, we ___, but we spent too much time shopping.
??? A. could have?????????????B. could
??? C. must have???????????????D. must
6. —Is your mother going to the supermarket ?
??? ?—No, ____.
???A. she doesn’t?????????????B. she’s cooking
???C. she gets by bus D. to a tailor’s shop7.What surprised me was not what he said but ___ he said it.
??? A. the way???????????????????B. in the way that
??? C. in the way?????????????D. the way which
8. —The plane is to take off at 7:50 from the airport.
??—___ we fail to arrive there in time ？
??? A. What if???????????????B. As if
??? C. Even if???????????????D. Only if9. When ________, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
10. The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
Ellipsis (省略）
原因：1.避免重复 2.使语言简洁
原则：1.不损害句子结构 2.不引起误解
省掉：一个或多个句子成分
分类：
一、 简单句中的省略
二、 并列句中的省略
三、 复合句中的省略
四、 不定式的省略
五、 特殊省略
一 、简单句中的省略 见课本p90
1．省略主语
(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。
(It)Doesn’t matter.没关系。
2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分
a) (There is) No smoking. 禁止抽烟
b) (Is there)anything else ? 还有其他事吗 ？
3．省略宾语
—Do you know Mr. Li ? I don’t know (him.)
4．省略表语
—Are you thirsty ? Yes , I am (thirsty).
5．同时省略几个成分
a) —Are you feeling better now?
—(I am feeling ) Much better (now)
b) (I wish) Good luck (to you) .二 、并列句中的省略
后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分
a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman.
b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry
c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework.
d) A was born in 1959 and B (was born) in 1963.
1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset?
---________her new bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost
C. Losing D. Because of losing
2. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and________.
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white
3. I’m looking forward as much to her return
as she to _____ me.
have seen B. seeing
C. meet D. be met三、 复合句中的省略
1. 名词性从句中
宾语从句中that一省二不省
I hope (that) I can get a good mark and that I can go to college
2. 定语从句中
限制性定从中,关系代词做从句的宾语时可省
He is the man (whom/who/that) you've been looking for.3. 状语从句中
在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中
(when, while, if, unless, as, as if, although, though, even if, once)
省略: 从句的主语+be动词,
保留: 连词+分词、介短、不定式、形容词、副词、名词等
特殊：If/unless/when necessary/possible
了解:
a) Once (he was) a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .
b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.
c) He looked everywhere as if (he was)
in search of something .
d) Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.
1. Generally speaking, ________according to directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
2. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in 练习四、 不定式的省略
1) 保留to的
避免重复，省略to后成分，只保留to，但如to后是动词be或have，则不省:
(1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there).
(2) –Are you an engineer now? --No, but I want to be.
--I used to be.
(3) –He hasn’t finished the task yet.
--Well, he ought to have. 1---I’ll be away on a business trip. Would
you mind looking after my cat?
---Not at all.______.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it D. I’d be glad to
2---- Won’t you have another try?
---- ________.
A. Yes, I will have B. Yes, I won’t have
C. Yes, I won’t D. Yes, I will 3. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant ________, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to
C. doing D. doing it
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to2)省略to的
a)有do省to（主语部分有do , 作表语的不定式常省去to）
The thing you can do is (to) wait.
He had nothing to do but (to) give in.
b)在感觉动词后做宾补时省略to（吾看三室两厅一感觉），被动还原
I saw the boy fall from the tree.
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
c)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.五、特殊省略
1）用so,not代替上文
---- Is he fit for the job?
---- I think so/not
(hope,believe,guess,imagine,suppose)
2)虚拟语气中should可省
3)if引导虚拟条件句if省,should/ were /had提前
Had I time, I would help you
(2) Were I you, I would go abroad.
(3) Should he come, tell me4)交际用语中
what for? = why
what’s up?
what if? = what will happen if…？
so what?
how come? = how it come about?
How is that?
How (what) about doing?
no problem/no way = there is no …
no wonder---it is no wonder that..
why (not) do =why don’t you do..？
Not really1. —He says he doesn’t like you.
----____
A so what? B Like what?
C what if? D. About what?
2. —If you keep on breaking the rules, you will be fired.
??? ?—______.
???A. what for??????????B. How come?
???C. so what?????? ?D. why so?3. —I’ve given up smoking already,dear
—You should have taken the doctor’s advice years ago._______,anyway.
???A. Better late than never???????
B. It’s easier aid than done
C. No pains, no gains????
?D. well begun is half done
4---Have you been wasting time on computer games again?
---_____. I have been studying a lot and I need a break.
A. No way B. Not really
C. I don’t agree D. I couldn’t agree more5. —She may not be free today.
??—_____, we’ll have to put the meeting off.
A. If may B. If not
C. If she may not
D. If she may not be free today
6. —The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
??? ?—______.
???A. I guess not so??????????B. I don’t guess
??? C. I don’t guess so??????D. I guess not. 提升技能练习1. What would have happened ________, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
2.When first _____ to the market,
these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
3. —Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
??—______?
What for B. What is it
C. How is it D. How come分析：What for（为什么）它的完整表达应是
What are you going to use the empty drawer for ?
4. If ________ the same treatment again, he's sure to get well.
A. Giving B. give C. given D. being given5?—Did you visit the museum last week ?
??—No, we ___, but we spent too much time shopping.
??? A. could have?????????????B. could
??? C. must have???????????????D. must
6. —Is your mother going to the supermarket ?
??? ?—No, ____.
???A. she doesn’t?????????????B. she’s cooking
???C. she gets by bus D. to a tailor’s shop7.What surprised me was not what he said but ___ he said it.
??? A. the way???????????????????B. in the way that
??? C. in the way?????????????D. the way which
8. —The plane is to take off at 7:50 from the airport.
??—___ we fail to arrive there in time ？
??? A. What if???????????????B. As if
??? C. Even if???????????????D. Only if9. When ________, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
10. The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun