专项五 完形填空

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专项五 完形填空
考点解读
完形填空主要考查以下几个方面的内容：
1．词汇。考查的内容有近义词的区别、名词和代词、形容词和副词、介词和连词、动词和短语动词及词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。
2．语法。考查各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态、语态、主谓一致，动词不定式，动词-ing形式的用法等。备选答案的单词以实词为主、虚词为辅。虚词以连词为主。
3．句型。考查我们在学习过程中接触到的许多特殊句型。
4．结构。文章中简单句的基本类型，句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间、上下文之间的逻辑关系。也就是说，完形填空题是在整体感知短文内容的基础上，着重对语法、固定用法及习惯用语的考查。
应试技巧21世纪教育网
一．选择填空式完形填空
1．根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测
它要求考生在了解文章大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用思维逻辑进行比较、判断、找出既符合词义、句意，又符合上下文语境的正确答案。21世纪教育网
2．根据文化背景知识进行推测21世纪教育网
完形填空考查的知识面较广，从文化、科学常识，到历史、地理知识；从风俗民情到民族习惯等等，无所不考。考生在做这类题时，要特别注意中西文化所存在的差异。具备了一定的文化背景知识，才能比较准确地判断出正确答案。
【例】One morning a student was walking with his teacher when they noticed a pair of old shoes by the roadside．They l the shoes might belong to a poor man．In fact，the 2 of the shoes was working in a field nearby，and he had nearly 3 his work．
The student said to his teacher，“Let’s play a trick on the man：we hide his shoes，and wait to see what he will do 4 he can’t find them．”
“My young friend，we should never have 5 by tricking others like that．”answered the teacher．“ 6 ，let’s put a 7 in each of the shoes，and watch what he will do．”
The student did so，and then they 8 nearby．
The man soon came back to get his 9 ，but when he slipped his foot into one of his shoes，he felt something 10 in it．He bent down and found the coin(硬币)． 11 appeared on his face．He looked at the coin for a minute，and then l2 ，but nobody could be seen．He then went
on to put on the other shoe， 13 he was even more surprised to find the l4 coin．
He then knelt down(跪下)，looked up to heaven and said 15 aloud，in which he spoke of his wife，16 Land helpless，and his children without bread．21世纪教育网
The student was deeply moved(感动的)，and his eyes were filled with tears．“Now，”said the teacher，“you must be much more pleased than if you had played your 17 ．”
The boy replied，“You,have taught me a lesson which I'll never l8 ．I feel now the truth of these words，which I didn’t 19 before：‘It is more blessed(神圣的)to 20 than to receive．’”
1．A．believed B．found C．decided D．thought
2．A．owner B．maker C．seller D．repairer
3．A．enjoyed B．changed C．finished D．started
4．A．since B．when C．while D．until
5．A．1essons B．experience C．fun D．games
6．A．Instead B．Generally C．Afterwards D．Maybe
7．A．stone B．coin C．sweet D．clip
8．A．hid B．stood C．worked D．rested
9．A．1unch B．coat C．drink D．shoes
10．A．terrible B．hot C．hard D．soft
11．A．Surprise B．Fear C．Pity D．Courage
12．A．1ooked up B．looked around C．looked down D．looked out
13．A．for B．so C．but D．or
14．A．strange B．second C．interesting D．lost
15．A．goodbye B．yes C．hello D．thanks
16．A．homeless B．1ively C．careless D．sick
17．A．trick B．role C．game D．cards
18．A．1earn B．take C．forget D．accept
19．A．hear B．understand C．remember D．write
20．A．work B．refuse C．advise D．give
整体把握：本文讲述了老师让学生在农民的每只鞋里放一枚硬币，通过看农民的行动，听农民的语言来教育学生的故事。
答案及点拨：l．D 点拨：由句中might“有可能”可知此处是“他们认为”，故选D。
2．A点拨：the owner of the shoes意为“鞋的主人”。
3．C点拨：完成他的工作用“finish his work”。
4．B点拨：句意为“我们藏起他的鞋，等着看当他找不到鞋时他会做什么”。此处用when引导时间状语从句。
5．C点拨：have fun意为“取乐”，为一固定短语。21世纪教育网
6．A点拨：由上下文可知是由下一件事来代替上一件事，故用instead。
7．B点拨：由下文中的coin可知此处是在每一只鞋里放一枚硬币，应用coin。
8．A点拨：由下文可知在此时他们是藏在附近的某个地方以观察农民的行为。
9．D点拨：由下句“但当他把脚伸进一只鞋时”可知“那个男人很快回来穿鞋”。
10．C点拨：选项中的形容词在修饰coin时，只有hard“硬的”合适，故选C。 ’
11．A点拨：由生活常识以及后文的“even more surprised”可知“他很惊讶”。故选A。
12．B点拨：由后句“但是没看见人”可知他向四周看。“向四周看”用look around。
13．C点拨：由上下句意可知此处表示转折，故用but。
14．B 点拨：在第一只鞋中发现了第一枚硬币，那么此处第二只鞋里应为第二枚，故用second。
15．D点拨：由农民的动作：跪下，抬头看天，可知他应对上天大声地说谢谢，故用thanks。
16．D点拨：由选项及前后句意“他孩子没有面包吃”可知他妻子是“有病并且无助”，故用sick。
17．A点拨：由文章开始学生对老师所说的话“Let’s play a trick on the man…”及后来所做的事可知此处意为“(现在)你一定比捉弄他更快乐”，故用trick一词。
二．短文填空式完形填空．21世纪教育网
短文填空式完形填空分为三类：一是选词填空；二是给出所填的首字母，填上一个适当的词，完成短文；三是“自由填空”。
应试技巧：
(1)要运用逻辑思维推理的方法，在理解全文大意的基础上，注意上下文的意思，对所缺的词展开联想，进行推断，通过细心揣摩，选出合适的词语。
(2)要弄清每个句子的语法结构，对所缺的词在句中作什么成分，应用什么词性有所判断，这是在进行推理、判断的过程中需要考虑的问题。
(3)依照所给的首字母和文章的意思、句子的结构、词在句子中的成分找出合适的词，往往要多找几个自己所知道的词；当遇到疑难，拿不定主意时，采用排除法，试着把这些词一一放入句中，进行对比，全文理解、全面分析后，再确定应选的词。
(4)词全部选定后，进行检查、验证。所谓验证就是把所确定的词再放人短文中，看是否有问题，是否符合文章的整体意思。
【例l】从下面方框中选择适当的词填入短文中，使短文通顺正确(注意有些词要用适当的形式)。方框中有两个多余的词。
be，hand，go，face，well，take，sit
Big Ben is not the name of a man．It is the name of a huge clock in London．London is the capital of England．This clock has four l ．So，no matter where you stand，you can read the time on the face of Big Ben．Each face is the size of a double decker(层)bus．The hands 2 about four metres long．It is about the size of two people standing on top of each other．If you go to London，you will find Big Ben 3 at the top of the clock tower in the Houses of Parliament(国会大厦)．Maybe you will hear it as 4 as see it．The huge clock makes such a loud noise．“Ding dong，ding dong，”it 5 every quarter of an hour．
The clock was named after a big man．He was Sir Benjamin Hall．This man did much building work in London many years ago．
答案及点拨：l．faces 点拨：由后句知此句句意为“这座大钟有四个面”。应填face的复数形式。21世纪教育网
2．are点拨：句意为“这些指针大约4米长”，本句是一个主系表结构的句子，应填are。
3．sits点拨：sit在此句中意为“坐落”，应用第三人称单数形式。
4．well点拨：as well as与……一样好。
5．goes点拨：句意为“它一小时中每隔l5分钟响一次。”。
【例2】(2008，山东烟台，l0分)在下面短文的空白处填上一个适当的词，该词首字母已给出
If you don’t use your arms or your legs for some time，they will become weak；when you start using them again，they will gradually(逐渐地)become stronger again．Everybody knows this．Yet many people do not seem to know that it is the s l with memory．When someone says that he has a good memory，he really means that he d 2 give it enough chance to become stronger．21世纪教育网
If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak．we k 3 that it is his own fault．But if he tells us that he has a poor memory，many of us think that his p 4 are to blame，and f 5 of us know that it is just his own fault．
Have you e 6 found some people can’t read or write but they usually have b 7 memories This is b 8 they cannot。read or write and they h 9 to remember things；they cannot write them down in a little notebook．They must remember dates，names，songs and stories；so their memory is the whole time being exercised．
So if you want a good memory．l 10 from these people：practise remembering．
答案及点拨：l．same点拨：由题意“……对记忆力来说也是一样的”知，填same。
2．doesn’t点拨：由句意“……他没有给它足够的机会变得更强”知，填doesn’t。
3．know点拨：由句意“……我们知道那是他自己的错误”知，填know。
4．parents点拨：由句意“我们中的许多人都认为应责备他的父母”知，填parents。
5．few点拨：由句意“……只有少数人知道这只是他自己的错误”知，填few。
6．ever点拨：由句意“你曾经发现过不能读和写的人……吗 ”知，填ever。
7．better点拨：由句意“……但他们通常有更好的记忆力”知，填better。
8．because点拨：because引导原因状语从句。21世纪教育网
9．have点拨：考查have to“必须，不得不”。 21世纪教育网
10．1earn点拨：learn from意为“向……学习”。 21世纪教育网
【例3】根据下列短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
What can you do to keep healthy Perhaps for children，healthy eating is one of the most important things．Here are some ideas about 1 to eat healthily．
Having breakfast
A good breakfast is very important to children． It’s necessary to have it in the 2 ．But some children often go to school 3 breakfast，just because they want to sleep a little longer．Remember that a good breakfast will help you study better．
Having milk
“My dream is that all the Chinese children can get half a kilogram(公斤)of milk a day．”The Chinese Premier(总理)Wen Jiabao said this during his 4 to a milk farm．Milk is also very important to children’s health．It makes children grow stronger．It’s better for you to 5 a glass of warm milk 6 going to bed．That will help you have a good sleep．
Having healthy food21世纪教育网
Having healthy food is the most important．That means eating lots of different 7 of food，especially fruits and vegetables．Don’t eat too much chocolate 8 ice-cream．Some of you 9 eating fast food，but in fact it is not good for your health．Try to eat healthy food as much as l0 ．
Have healthy eating habits，and you will have a strong body．
答案及点拨：l．how点拨：该句意为“这儿有一些如何健康饮食的观点。”应填how。
2．morning点拨：in the morning在早晨，吃早饭应在早晨。
3．without点拨：该句意为“但是一些孩子就因为想睡得长一些而经常不吃早饭就去上学。”应填介词without。
4．visit点拨：during his visit to a milk farm在他访问一家奶场时。
5．have／drink
6．before点拨：该句意为“在你睡觉前喝一杯温奶更好”。
7．kinds点拨：different kinds of…不同种类的……。
8．or点拨：句意“不要吃过多的巧克力和冰淇淋。”否定句应用or。
9．enjoy／like／love点拨：enjoy／like／love doing sth．喜爱干某事。
10．possible点拨：as much as possible尽可能多地。
热点题展示
一．选择填空式完形填空
A terrible earthquake(地震)happened in Wenchuan on May 12，2008． 1 people lost their lives and homes．During those days，a lot of stories about 2 could be heard．Here is 3 of them．After the earthquake，under a fallen building，some soldiers found that a 4 died in a very strange way．When they were ready to take her away，they were surprised to find that a baby in her arms was 5 alive．The baby was sleeping and 6 hurt at all．Between the dead mother 7 baby，there was a cellphone(手机)with a short 8 on the screen，“My dear baby，if you can survive(幸存)，remember that I love you．”Everybody 9 when they read these words．
Besides this story，many other stories also moved(感动)us deeply． 10 these stories，we know more about love．
You’re lucky if you’re loved by others．You’re great if you ’re others when you’re in danger．
1．A．All B．Many C．Few D．No
2．A．home B．1ire C．love D．hope
3．A．one B．none C．some D．each
4．A．man B．woman C．boy D．girl
5．A．still B．often C．never D．not
6．A．is B．isn’t C．was D．wasn’t
7．A．or B．and C．also D．but
8．A．story B．film C．message D．song
9．A．smiled B．shouted C．1aughed D．cried
10．A．From B．On C．To D．With
二．短文填空式完形填空
A
In many big cities in the world，the overuse of cars is thought to be one of the major causes of air pollution．What will cars be l 1 in the future
Some experts think that today’s cars are in trouble b_ 2 they use too much petrol(汽油)．They say the car of the future will be much．much smaller．The car of tomorrow will be m 3 without a motor or air conditioning．It’ll have no radio and no lights．Tomorrow’s car will be an o 4 air car with no doors or windows．It needn’t have a pollution control system because it w 5 use petrol．In fact，this new car will be pushed by the driver’s feet．Very few people will be killed in accidents，because the top s 6 will be five miles per hour．However，we are also warned not to ask for pretty c 7 ，because the cars will come in grey only．
Other car experts do not hold the same idea．They are s 8 that the future will be happier．They think that all our problems will soon be solved by car companies with the production of the Supercar．Tomorrow’s car will be bigger，faster，and more comfortable than b 9 ．The Supercar will have four rooms，TVs，running water，heat，air conditioning，and maybe a swimming pool．Large families will travel on l l0 trips comfortably．If petrol is in short supply(供给)，the Supercar will run on water．21世纪教育网
B
从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，每词限用一次(有两个多余的选项)
when，their，even，feel，behave，or，modern，hours，speak，classical
Where did you go yesterday Did you hear music at any of those places Today most stores and restaurants play music．You might even hear music in an office 11 on a farm．
Scientists believe that music influences the way people 12 ．According to some scientists，the sound of western classical music(Mozart and Bach)makes people 13 richer．When a restaurant plays classical music，people spend more money on food and drinks．When the restaurant plays 14 music，people spend less money．With no background
music，people spend l5 less．
Scientists also believe that loud，fast music makes people eat faster．People actually chew 16 food faster when the music gets faster．Some restaurants play fast music during their busy 17 ．This gets people to eat faster and leave quickly．Restaurants can make more money this way．
Some scientists think that makes you think and learn better．They say that music helps students to be more alert．It is true that people learn better l8 they are relaxed．And listening to music can help you relax．
The next ti‘me you hear music somewhere，be careful．It might change the way you behave．
参考答案
专项五 完形填空
Ⅲ．一、l．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．D l0．A
二、A l．1ike 2．because 3．made 4．open s．won’t 6．speed 7．colours 8．sure 9．before l0．long B 11．or l2．behave l3．feel l4．modern 15．even l6．their l7．hours l8．when
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