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专项六 阅读理解
考点解读
阅读理解能力是一项重要的语言技能,主要是培养学生用英语思维的能力及用英语获取信息、处理信息的能力。阅读理解要求我们既要具备一定的词汇量和语法知识、较丰富的语言经验及良好的语言感觉,又要具备一定的文化背景知识和相关的阅读技能。中考阅读材料在题材和体裁的选取上更加重视具有鲜明时代特征、实用性强的语言材料,如报刊文章、使用说明书、告示、广告及各类图表等。阅读重在考查学生对篇章的整体理解与把握。
阅读理解的主要题型有:选择型阅读理解、判断正误型阅读理解、回答问题型阅读理懈及任务型阅读理解。
应试技巧21世纪教育网
一.选择型阅读理解 21世纪教育网
选择型阅读理解的一般解题思路是:
(1)通篇阅读,了解事实,掌握大意。先把短文从头到尾阅读一遍,找出文中表达中心意思的主题段和主题句,以明确短文所叙述的内容概况,把握全文脉络和中心思想。
(2)弄清考点,逐句细读,判断选择。在正确理解短文内容的基础上,认真细读短文后的题目内容和要求,结合选项弄清考查要点,然后带着问题再参照原文相关的段落,逐句细读,认真推敲,最后着手进行判断选择,采用排除法找出正确答案。
(3)复读全文,抓住要点,验证答案。在完成全部选择题后要复读短文核对答案。
【例】A little knowledge can make a difference at a time of life or death.Do you know what to do if you find yourself in an earthquake
If you are inside:21世纪教育网
·Quickly move under a strong desk,a strong table or along a wall.You can also go into a small room like the bathroom.This will protect you from falling things.Do not get into a lift.
·Don’t stand near windows,large mirrors,heavy furniture or fireplaces.
If you’re outside:21世纪教育网
·Move away from buildings and streetlights.These could fall on you.
·Squat(蹲下)and protect your head until the shaking stops.
After the earthquake:
·Check,take care of injuries and help make sure people around you are all right.
·Watch out for aftershocks.
·Protect yourself by wearing long pants,a long-sleeved(长袖的)shirt and strong shoes.
·Listen to the radio for the latest information.
1.If you are in a tall building when an earthquake happens,you’d better .
A.run into a lift
B.not stay in the bathroom
C.stand near large mirrors
D.not stand near windows
2.If you.are outside during an earthquake, .
A.you must move into a building
B.you cannot squat
C.you have to stop the shaking
D.you must move away from streetlights
3.After the earthquake,you should .
A.look after injuries
B.not help the others around you
C.protect yourself without wearing shoes
D.not listen to,the radio for the latest information
4.The underlined word“aftershocks’’in the passage means “ ”in Chinese.
A.震感 B.震源 C.余震 D.防震21世纪教育网
5.The passage is mainly about .
A.what to do before an earthquake takes place
B.what to do if you are in an earthquake
C.how to escape from an earthquake when you’re at home
D.how to oredict an earthquake in the oDen air
答案及点拨:l.D点拨:根据本文If you are inside部分第二点“Don’t stand near windows,large mirrors,heavy fumiture orfireplaces.”可知D正确。
2.D点拨:根据本文If you’re outside部分第一点“Move away from buildings and streetlights…”可知D正确。
3.A点拨:根据本文After the earthquake部分第一点可知A正确。
4.C点拨:aftershocks余震。
5.B点拨:根据本文第一段第二句“Do you know what to do if…in an earthquake ”可知B正确。
二.判断正误型阅读理解
做此类题时,建议同学们使用对照法,即将原文中与题干意思相近的句子或段落找出来,与题干一一对照,详细区分,切不可片面理解,更不可想当然。对于简单明了的文章,注意其首尾句,表明文章主旨的中心句或关键词等。对于读了一遍意思还不够明了的文章,我们除了了解全文,弄清人物、时间、地点、事件、原因等要点外,还要仔细推敲复杂的句子,弄清句子及全文的意思。21世纪教育网
【例】The day was like any other day in his life.After school,Bob passed by a shop on a street corner.He stopped to look at the shoes in the shop window,and felt sorry for himself.He really wanted to have a pair of them for his birthday.
He sadly walked away and thought how to tell his mother.He knew she would give anything he liked if she could.But he also knew very well she had little money.He decided not to go home at once,as he looked worried and his mother would notice it.So he went to the park and there he sat on the grass.Then he saw a boy in a wheel chair.The boy moved the wheel with his hands.Bob could see it was hard for the boy to move around the park.Bob looked at him carefully and was surprised to see the boy had no feet.He looked down at his own feet.“It is much better to be without shoes than without feet,”he thought.There were no reasons for him to feel so sorry and sad.
根据短文内容,判断正(T)误(F)
1.Bob wanted to have a pair of new shoes on his birthday.
2.Bob felt sorry for himself because he couldn’t afford a pair of new shoes.
3.Bob asked his mother to buy new shoes for him,but she refused.
4.Bob saw a boy in a wheel chair without hands.
5.Bob didn’t feel sorry for himself after he saw the boy in the park.
答案及点拨:l.T点拨:由第一段最后一句可知。
2.T点拨:由第二段的意思可以看出,他感到遗憾的原因是他家钱不多,买不起这双鞋。故本句是正确的。
3.F点拨:由第二段第一、二句可知,本句是错误的。
4.F 点拨:由第二段的句子“The boy moved the wheel with his hands.”可知本句是错误的。
5.T点拨:由短文最后一句可知。
三.回答问题型阅读理解
(1)在解答此种类型的题目时,先通过阅读基本了解短文大意,再有针对性地回答问题。
(2)要正确回答问题,除了理解文意外,还有一个读懂“题”的问题。如果短文、题目都能读懂,按照“简洁明了”的答题原则,每个小题用两三个词就能清楚地答出,注意答案是否能从短文中摘出。21世纪教育网
(3)若有比较难回答的问题,一定先要正确理解文后的问题,根据对问题的理解,再到文中寻找对应的答案,一定要有针对性地、反复地去读,问题便可归纳出来。
(4)最后要验证答案。再通读一遍原文,看一下问题的答案是否与原文一致。
【例】阅读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题
Recently,children’s literature(文学)has become more and more popular.In fact,children’s literature has been welcomed by both children and adults.People have tried to find out why adults love children’s literature just like children themselves.But there is no final answer.
Children’s literature is very different from adults’literature.Most of it is fantasy(幻想).That means chil&en can use their imagination. They can eNoy the fantasy world,which is never boring.The most important thing is that the world is bright and hopeful.In the fantasy world,dead people can be alive again and broken legs can grow once ruore.Right always beats wrong in the end.
Children’s literature can also influence children a lot in education.When they read。their knowledge is increased and children know more about the truth.For a child who just learns to read,understanding the meaning of a word may be greater than learning the word itself.
Children’s literature is not only for children.A large number of adults like it too.Not only young adults,parents and teachers,but also other people of all ages enjoy it.Both children and adults who love children’s literature can get much pleasure from it.
1.Is children’s literature becoming popular now 21世纪教育网
2.What’s the fantasy world like
3.What does the sentence“Right always beats wrong in the end.”mean in Chinese
4.How does children’s literature influence children in education
5.How do the people feel when they read children’s literature
答案及点拨:l.Yes,it is./Yes. 点拨:由短文第一句“Recently,children’s literature(文学)has become more and more popular.”可知。21世纪教育网
2.It’s bright and hopeful./Bright and hopeful. 点拨:由短文第二段的句子“The most important thing is that the world is bright and hopeful.”可知。
3.正义终究会战胜邪恶。
4.It can help children get more knowledge and know more about the truth./Children can get more knowledge and know more about the truth by reading it/from it./Children’s knowledge is increased and they can know more about the truth when they read it. 点拨:由短文第三段第一、二句可知。
5.They feel pleased/happy./Pleased./Happy. 点拨:由短文最后一句可知,读儿童文学时人们会感到很快乐。
四.任务型阅读理解。
这种题符合大纲和新课程标准的要求,注重学生实际语言运用能力的培养。所以减少客观题的比例,适当增加主观题的分量是今后考试改革的方向。回答问题不仅要求学生能对语言有正确的理解,还要求学生在理解语言的基础上,针对问题,用自己的语言作出应答,在回答的句子中可以考查出学生的用词水平、看问题的准确度,以及对语法知识、单词、习惯表达法的掌握程度,还能考查学生的创新思维能力。这种题型有一定的长处,能考查出学生真实的语言水平,这是今后考试改革的动向及趋势。21世纪教育网
【例1】阅读短文,根据短文内容,完成表格中所缺的信息
What makes the world become smaller Some inventions.It began in the l lth century,but it has developed greatly in the last century.Let’s take a look at the five top inventions.
Movable Type(活字印刷):By using Movable Type,books could be printed cheaply and easily.Bi Sheng invented Movable Type in China in the l l th century.
Telephone:The inventor Alexander Graham Bell made the first telephone call in l876.“Mr Watson,come here.1 want you,” he said to his assistant(助手)over the phone line.And with those famous words,the world was about to get much smaller.
Airplane:The Wright brothers made the first powered flight in l903.Air travel has made the faraway places suddenly become a lot closer.
Satellites(卫星):The Soviet Union sent up the world’s first satellite in l957.This began the Space Age.Satellites have helped scientists study the earth.Much of our knowledge of the world
has come from the information recorded by satellites.
Internet:When the Internet was created in l969,only a few people knew about it.But more than 650 million people in the world use it now.The Internet has made information about anything easy to get.
Title(题目): 1
The topinventions MovableType Telep-none Airplane Satellites Internet
2 China / / The SovietUnion The US
When 3 in l876 in l903 in l957 in l969
How booksprintedcheaplyand easily theworldgot alotsmaller makingthefarawayplacescloser 4;muchinformationrecordedsatellites making5aboutanythingeasy
答案及点拨:l.The(Top)Inventions Make the World‘ (Become)Smaller
点拨:本文介绍的这些发明都是使世界变得更小的发明。
2.Where/The Country/The Countries/The Place(s)
点拨:本栏是关于地点或国家的。
3.(in the)llth century 点拨:由第二段可知,活字印刷是11世纪发明的
4.helping scientists study the earth点拨:由短文倒数第二段的句子“Satellites have helped scientists study the earth.”可知。
5.information点拨:由短文最后一句可知。21世纪教育网
【例2】)Most people can think of a sport they would love to see in the Olympics.But they often don’t realize how hard it is to add a sport to the Olympics.A sport needs to be well—organized and popular before the International Olympic Committee(IOC)will consider it.An international federation must govern(控制)the sport by making rules and making sure athletes meet Olympic standards(标准).What’s more.men from at least 75 countries and women from at least 40 must play the sport.
However,even meeting those conditions isn’t enough.The IOC always tries to keep the number of athletes at about l0,000 for each Olympics.Since most modern Olympics already include so many athletes,introducing a new sport often means cutting other events.
The country that hosts the games is allowed to suggest what new sports should be included.While new sports are added to the Olympics,most of them will simply become events in another sports meeting.In Beijing,open water swimming will become part of swimming while women’s steeplechase(障碍赛)will be added to athletics.
根据文章内容,完成下列任务
1.How can a sport be added to the Olympics 从短文中找出三个条件。
(1)
(2)
(3)
2.根据文章内容,完成句子。
and will become new sports in the 2008 0lympics.
答案:1.(1)A sport needs to be well—organized and popular.
(2)An international federation must govern the sport by making rules and making sure athletes meet Olympic standards.
(3)Men from at least 75 countries and women from at least 40 must play the sport.Or The IOC always tries to keep the number of athletes at about l0,000 for each Olympics.
2.Open water swimming;women’s steeplechase
热点题展示
一.选择型阅读理解
A 21世纪教育网
Could you be a genius like Einstein A genius needs to learn and think.Reading is a good idea,but it is not enough.Einstein’s advice is to use your brain more.Here are some tips:
·Ask.When you look at new things,ask why they are new or different.Ask questions.Ask yourself and ask others.Keep thinking until you find the answer.
·Draw.Einstein thought in pictures.Sometimes,it helps to draw problems and ideas.
·Read.Try to read new things.Read books from different parts of the library.After you read,think about the ideas you have learned.Are they different from what you thought
·Relax.Many ideas come when you are relaxed.Take some time to relax yourself in the ways like taking a walk in a park,going to a concert or a museum.
·Write.Keep a diary.Write down your questions and ideas.W“te down new ideas after you read.
·Share.Einstein used to talk to his friends and explain his ideas.Sometimes,a friend can help you find the answer to a problem.
·Be brave.Do not let other people say your ideas are silly.Explain yourself.Let other people explain why they think you are wrong.Then decide.
1.How many tips are there in this passage
A.Five. B.Six. C.Seven. D.Eight.
2.What can we do to relax ourselves from the passage
A.Keeping a diary.
B.Asking questions.
C.Taking a walk.
D.Reading new things.
3.Einstein suggested we should if other people say our ideas are silly.
A.discuss the ideas with others
B.draw problems and ideas
C.go to a museum with others
D.write down your ideas
4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A.A genius needs’to learn and think.
B.We should find the answers all by ourselves.
C.Einstein’s advice is to use our brain more.
D.Einstein liked to talk to his friends and explain his ideas.
B
Saturday Kids’ClubKids’Club starts at l0:30 a.m.,with reative activities,followed by the film at ll:00 a.m. For 3—13 year olds. There will be no Kids’Club on 5 and l2 July. INOTE TO PARENTS:Parents may leave childen over eight alone in the cinema,but should know that the cinema is not providing any official child care.We do,however,provide as safean environment as possible for younger children.People over l8 are not allowed to the cinema unless they are going with a child.If you leave your children in the cinema,please be there on time to collect them at the end of the film.
5.The above is .
A.a poster from a club
B.an advertisement for films
C.a note to parents
D.an introduction of a cinema
6.A mother will be sure to meet her kid at l2:30 after the film in the club.It must be .
A.21 June B.28 June C.19 July D.26 July
7.Which of the following is allowed to the cinema alone in the club
A.A 2-year-old baby.
B.A l9-year-old student.
C.A 30-year-old parent.
D.A l0-year-old pupil.
8. on the first Saturday of July.21世纪教育网
A.Kids’Club will start at l0:3021世纪教育网
B.The kids will see TWO BROTHERS
C.There will be no Kids’Club
D.The kids will have creative activities
9.The longest film of the four is .
A.MEET THE ROBINSONS
B.TWO BROTHERS
C.TREASURE PLANET
D.MR BEAN’S HOLIDAY
二.判断正误型阅读理解
A
A little girl thought she was not as beautiful as other girls,and nobody liked her.So she was always unhappy and didn’t like to talk to others.However,one day,her mother gave her a beautiful hair clip(发夹).When she wore it,she looked much more beautiful than before.She decided to wear it to school.21世纪教育网
On her way to school she found that everyone who saw her smiled at her.Most of her schoolmates said“hello”to her.but this never happened before.She thought that the beautiful hair clip had brought her them all.She was so happy about all of the wonderful things.Although she didn’t tell her classmates about her beautiful hair clip,they all wanted to know what had happened to her.
When she went back home after school,her mother asked her,“Did you know you dropped your hair clip I found it by the door this morning.’’21世纪教育网
She understood that she hadn’t worn the hair clip to school at all.
It is not important what we wear or how we look.The most important is how we think about ourselves.
1.The little girl was not beautiful because she had no money to buy a hair clip.
2.Her mother didn’t like the little girl,either.
3.Most of the schoolmates liked her beautiful hair clip very much on that day.
4.Her mother found the clip by the door after the girl went to school.
5.It is not important what we wear or how we look.
B
Skin-diving(潜水)is a new sport today.This sport takes you into a wonderful new world.It is like a visit to the moon.When you are under water,it is easy for you to climb big rocks(岩石),because you are no longer heavy.
Here,under water,everything is blue and green.During the day,there is plenty of light.When fish swim nearby,you can catch them easily with your hands.
When you have tanks(罐)of air on your back,you can stay in deep water for a long time.But you must be careful when you stay in deep water.
To catch fish is one of the most interesting parts of this sport.Besides,there are more uses for skin—diving.21世纪教育网
6.By skin-diving you can get into a wonderful world.
7.Skin-diving is to visit the moon.
8.You cannot catch fish in the sea during the day.
9.With tanks of air on your back you can stay in deep water.
10.Skin-diving is interesting but not useful.
三.回答问题型阅读理解
A
The Amazon rainforest is home to millions of different kinds of animals,plants,and birds.Most of the world’s fresh water is here and the forest plants clean the Earth’s air every day.
Chico was born near the Amazon town,Brazil。in l944 and started working when he was very young.Like the rest of his family,the boy got the money by taking a little rubber from the trees in the forest.(The trees are not hurt when the rubber is taken.)The forest and its people lived together comfortably and peacefully.
But some people think too much about themselves and never think about the future.In l 980。the forest was burned to build roads,houses and factories.Chico was angry;he wanted to save
the forest!He talked to the government workers,but they didn’t listen to him.They were still clearing the rainforests to make quick,easy money.“Many voices are stronger than one,’’he thought,so Chico held group meetings.He discovered that hundreds of people agreed with him.His hope grew.More people came together to try to stop the work of the forest clearers.Large areas of the forest were saved.Later he traveled to many other countries for international help.People soon became very much interested in this brave Brazilian. In the next
few years Chico’s name became famous all over the world.The government of Brazil started making plans to protect large areas of the Amazon rainforest.
But as Chico’s dreams started coming true,someone stopped him in the only possible way.The famous forest fighter was murdered right outside his home on December 22,1988.
Chico’s lire was cut short,but his brave new ideas continued in other people.One man changed the world’s ideas.After his death,people around the world sent money to help Chico’s work.
1.Was Chico born in Brazil 21世纪教育网
2.How did young Chico get money
3.How many things did Chico do after the forest was burned
4.When was Chico murdered
5.What did Chico achieve in his life
B
The time may be lo a.m.in Beijing and 2 a.m.in New York.It is set on the same time--Greenwich Mean Time.This is because in l884,many nations met to decide how to prevent the confusion(混乱)made by almost every town having its own time.
Such fl time rule was devised(设计)by Sir Sanford Fleming(1827--1915).He was an engineer who lived in Canada.He held a meeting in l884 to discuss the time problem.He suggested that
there should be 24 meridians(子午线)dividing the world into 24 time zones(时区).The zero meridian would pass through the village of Greenwich near London.The time at Greenwich would be called Greenwich Mean Time,and at each of the 24 meridian lines,the time would go forwards or backwards by one hour.
Twenty-seven nations agreed to this suggestion,and since then GMT has been the centre of time-keeping for all nations.Most nations have only one time zone,however,large nations such as the USA and Australia are divided into several time zones.21世纪教育网
6.What time is it in New York when it is 10 a.m.in Beijing
7.Who devised Greenwich Mcan Time
8.When was the meeting held to discuss the time problem
9.How many nations agreed to Greenwich Mean Time
10.Does Australia have only one time zone
四、任务型阅读理解
A 21世纪教育网
先阅读(A)、(B)两篇短文。然后根据题目要求及所给语境完成下列四项任务。
(A)
specially,take,different,they,expression21世纪教育网
About l00 countries in the world now have a day to respect(尊重)mothers.The celebration of Mother’s Day can get sons and daughters to realize all the efforts l own mothers have made for them.The date and name may have a few 2 from one country to another.But the purpose is the same—to 3 the love for mothers.Children celebrate the day with gifts like 4 greeting cards(贺卡),cakes and flowers.Especially(尤其),children must do whatever they can to help mothers and make them happy on Mother’s Day. 5 mothers out for lunch or dinner has become a traditional treat on Mother’s Day.
(B)
You will find traffic noise disappearing as soon as you arrive in Venice(威尼斯).So as you walk down the narrow(狭窄的) streets,you only have to avoid crowds of people.About l9 million travellers visit Venice for the enjoyable environment,art and food each year.
Seeing Venice on foot is the best.You can walk through the citv in about an hour.Look around St.Mark’s Basilica and the Doge’s Palace.But you should know walking along the streets
isn’t as easy as travelling on the city’s canals(运河).The canals are Venice’s“streets”.And you can enjoy the Grand Canal,the Rialto Bridge and many wooden buildings.
Venice is fantastic.You shouldn’t miss it in your life.No matter how long you’re in Venice,it will leave a pleasant feeling on you.
任务一:用方框里所给单词的适当形式填空,使文章通顺、连贯、合理。(每词限用一次)
任务二:根据英文释义及首字母提示,拼写单词。
6.c a large number of people
7.w made of wood
任务三:同义句转换,每空一词。
Venice is fantastic.You shouldn’t miss it in your life.
Venice is 8 fantastic 9 you should visit it in your life.
任务四:根据短文内容简答问题。
10.What will you find disappearing as soon as you arrive in Veniee
———————————————————————————————————————
B
阅读下面短文,将画线部分的句子译成汉语。
11.In the United States people sometimes go camping for vacation.Instead of staying at modern hotels and restaurants,they live in the woods and do everything for themselves for a few
days to relax.
12.When you are camping you make all of your own food.It is rather like a large,many-day picnic.Barbecues(烤肉架)are very common while camping.You can bring meat and vegetables
to the camp.To make a fire,you can find or bring your own wood and light it with a lighter(打火机).
13.Remember to put stones around the fire so that it won't get too big and dangerous! When
the fire is ready,you can cook food over it.
Besides meat and vegetables,you can also cook marshmallows(果酱软糖)with the fire.
14.Children really like this activity at night.The whole familv sit around the fire,eat marshmallows,and drink hot chocolate--especially when it is cold outside!Everyone can sing camping songs and dance together.
15.Camping is a fun activity for the family to do.Vacation does not have to mean going to visit faraway places)it could be as simple as setting up a tent in a nearby forest l
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
参考答案
专项六 阅读理解
Ⅲ.一、A l.C点拨:根据原文,文中总共给出了7条建议,答案为C。
2.C点拨:文章在提到“Relax”时,列出几个“relax”的建议,有散步,听音乐会等,选项C“散步”正合题意。21世纪教育网
3.A点拨:文章最后提出爱因斯坦的最后一条建议,即把自己的想法解释给他人听,让他人解释为什么他们认为你是错的,这样才可以避免误会,故选A。
4.B点拨:选项B所表达的意思与原文不符,爱因斯坦建议我们要和朋友分享自己的想法,有的时候朋友可以帮自己找到问题的答案,而不是完全靠自己去解答。因此选项B不正确。
5.A点拨:根据文章标题和第一段可知A正确。
6.D点拨:根据文章可知,电影ll:00开始。故D正确。
7.D点拨:根据“Parents may leave…in the cinema…”和 “People over l8 are not…a child.”可知D正确。
8.C点拨:根据6月28日是星期六,以及六月小的生活常识可推知7月的第一个星期六是7月5号,又由文中“There will be no Kids’Club on 5 and l2 July.”可知C正确。
9.B点拨:比较五部电影的时间可知B正确。21世纪教育网
二、A l.F点拨:本文未提到题干所说的内容,故此题错误。
2.F点拨:本文未提到题干所说的内容,故此题错误。
3.F点拨:根据文中第三段可知小女孩把发夹掉在家里了,并未带到学校去。故此题错误。
4.T点拨:根据本文第三段中“I found it by the door this morning.”可知此题正确。
5.T点拨:根据文章最后一段可知此题正确。
B 6.T 7.F 8.F 9.T l0.F
三、A l.Yes,he was. 点拨:由短文第二段第一句“Chico was born near the Amazon town,Brazil…”可知。
2.By taking a little rubber. 点拨:由文章第二段的句子“…the boy got the money by taking a little rubber…”可知。
3.Three.
4.On December 22,1988. 点拨:由短文最后一段的句子“The famous forest fighter was murdered right outside his home on December 22,1988.”可知。21世纪教育网
5.He protected the forest and changed the world’s ideas.
6.It is 2 a.m in New York. 7.Sir Sanford Fleming.8.It was held in l884.
9.Twenty-seven nations.10.No,it doesn’t.
四、A l.their 2.differences 3.express 4.special 5.Taking 6.crowd 7.wooden
8.so 9.that 10.Traffic noise.21世纪教育网
11.在美国,人们有时在假期去野营。21世纪教育网
12.野营时你所有的食物都要自己动手做。
13.记住在火的周围砌上石头,这样火就不会蔓延而带来危险。
14.孩子们真的很喜欢夜晚的这种活动。
15.野营是一项家人共享的有趣活动。
Saturday l9 July
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