2010届高考英语构词法
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课件26张PPT。2010年高考语法
之 构词法 Where?there?is?a?will,?
there is?a?way.
? 有志者，事竟成 。
— Thomas?EdisonWord Formation构词法合成法派生法缩略法 概念：合成法指由两个或两个以上的单词合成新词。Ⅰ.合成法 (Compounding)1. 合成名词 (Noun compounds)
⑴ n. + n. = n.
spaceship classroom girlfriend mooncake
postman chairman hip-hop 街舞
⑵ adj. + n. = n.
blackboard whiteboard
greenhouse superstar ⑶ v-ing + n. = n.
runningwater dining room drinking water
reading room
⑷ n. + v-ing = n.
handwriting horse riding
2. 合成形容词 (Adjective compounds)
warm-hearted cold-blooded part-time
broad- minded man-made handmade
good-looking3. 合成介词 (Preposition compounds)
outside inside within without
4. 合成副词 (Adverb compounds)
sometimes overhead downstairs
nearby
5. 合成动词 (Verb compounds)
underline moonwalk overwork
overhear overcome chain-smoke
nickname mass-produce6. 合成代词 (Pronoun compounds)Ⅱ. 派生法 (Affixation) 概念：派生法又叫词缀法，是给一个单词加上前缀或后缀而构成新的单词。 1. 前缀法 （Prefixation）
一般来说前缀不会改变一个词的词性。
⑴ 否定前缀
① un + adj.
unhappy unknown unusual untrue
unimportant unable unkind ② un + adv.
unusually unexpectedly unhappily
undoubtedly
③ un + v.
uncover untie unlock
④ im + adj.
impossible impolite impatient
⑤ in + adj.
incorrect incomplete invisible
⑥ ir + adj.
irregular irreplaceable ⑦ mis + v.
mistake misunderstand
⑧ dis + v.
dislike disagree disappear
⑨ dis + adj.
dishonest discouraged 泄气的
⑵ 表示空间位置关系的前缀
a- 表示在……之上；处于……的状态
ahead 在头顶上 abroad aside 在外边fore- 在……前面
forehead forearm
in-, il-, im, 向……内，在……内
inside include import
out- 向外
outside outdoors outlook观点，见解
over- 在上面的，在外的
overhead overcoat overcome
pre- 在……之前
prewar prepay under- 在……之下
underground underline
up- 向上
upward upstairs
tele- 远
telephone television
(3) 表示时间序列关系的前缀
fore- 在前，预先
foreword foretell foresightmid- 中间
midnight midautumn midsummer
post- 在……之后
postwar postliberation
re- 重复
retell rebuild replace rewrite
over- 超过
overeat overpass
super- 极，超
supermarket superman superstar(4) 一些表示特殊意义的前缀
auto- 自动
automobile auto bicycle
micro- 微小
microscope microcomputer
bi- 数量
biweekly bimonthly
mini- 小型
minibus miniskirt minimarket
en- 使……
enrich enlarge enable2. 后缀 (Suffixation)
概念：在词的词尾加上一个词缀构成新的单词。后缀往往会改变一个词的词性。
⑴ 表示 “……的人” 的后缀
① -er ……的人
v. + er
reader worker reporter leader
waiter designer painter
n. + er
villager prisoner farmer
adj. + er westerner easterner southerner
northerner
② -or ……的人
actor governor visitor
③ -ress 表示女性，雌性
actress waitress
④ -ese ……人
Chinese Japanese
⑤ -an ……人
American Australian Canadian ⑥ -ist ……家，者
artist novelist violinist pianist
(2)构成抽象名词＆集合名词的后缀
① v. + ment
movement government judgment
② v. + ion / sion / tion / ation
action pronunciation invitation
decision vision intention
③ n. + ship
friendship membership relationship leadership
④ adj. + ness
kindness illness happiness
⑶ 形容词的后缀
-able/ible
enjoyable horrible terrible
-al
natural international
-ful
careful hopeful helpful useful successful -less
careless hopeless useless homeless
-ly
friendly monthly lonely
-y
cloudy lucky hilly healthy noisy
-ous / ious
dangerous serious
-ed
excited shocked frightened interested -ing
surprising exciting interesting shocking
⑷ 副词的后缀
-ly
suddenly quickly slowly certainly
nearly successfully
-ward/wards
backwards forwards downwards upwards
northward southward eastward westward
⑸ 动词的后缀 adj./n. + en
deepen darken sharpen
⑹ 数词的后缀
-teen
thirteen fifteen nineteen fourteen
-ty
twenty thirty fifty ninety
-th
eleventh twelfth fourth eighth
ninth hundredth thousandth 概念：缩略法缩短原有词汇使读音和写
法呈现新的形式。
1. 剪切法 (Clipping)
剪切词头 (Front clipping)
airplane telephone
taxicab
剪切词尾 (Back clipping)
examination
photographⅢ. 缩略法 (Acronymy)planephonecabexamphoto advertisement
2. 混成法 (Blending)
breakfast + lunch = brunch
早晨和中午之间的饭
smoke + fog = smog 烟雾
work + welfare = workfare 工作福利
medical + care = medicare 医疗保险
3. 首字母缩略 （Initialisms）
BBC
UNadBritish Broadcasting CorporationUnited Nations 4. 首字母缩写词 （Acronyms）
此种缩略法形成的词读成一个单词
AIDS
获得性免疫系统缺陷综合症（艾滋病） VIP
UFO
ICBC
CCBVery Important PersonUnidentified Flying ObjectIndustrial and Commercial Bank of ChinaChina Construction BankAcquired Immune Deficiency
SyndromeTHE END SARS
严重的急性呼吸道综合症Severe Acute Respiratory
SyndromeThank you
之 构词法 Where?there?is?a?will,?
there is?a?way.
? 有志者，事竟成 。
— Thomas?EdisonWord Formation构词法合成法派生法缩略法 概念：合成法指由两个或两个以上的单词合成新词。Ⅰ.合成法 (Compounding)1. 合成名词 (Noun compounds)
⑴ n. + n. = n.
spaceship classroom girlfriend mooncake
postman chairman hip-hop 街舞
⑵ adj. + n. = n.
blackboard whiteboard
greenhouse superstar ⑶ v-ing + n. = n.
runningwater dining room drinking water
reading room
⑷ n. + v-ing = n.
handwriting horse riding
2. 合成形容词 (Adjective compounds)
warm-hearted cold-blooded part-time
broad- minded man-made handmade
good-looking3. 合成介词 (Preposition compounds)
outside inside within without
4. 合成副词 (Adverb compounds)
sometimes overhead downstairs
nearby
5. 合成动词 (Verb compounds)
underline moonwalk overwork
overhear overcome chain-smoke
nickname mass-produce6. 合成代词 (Pronoun compounds)Ⅱ. 派生法 (Affixation) 概念：派生法又叫词缀法，是给一个单词加上前缀或后缀而构成新的单词。 1. 前缀法 （Prefixation）
一般来说前缀不会改变一个词的词性。
⑴ 否定前缀
① un + adj.
unhappy unknown unusual untrue
unimportant unable unkind ② un + adv.
unusually unexpectedly unhappily
undoubtedly
③ un + v.
uncover untie unlock
④ im + adj.
impossible impolite impatient
⑤ in + adj.
incorrect incomplete invisible
⑥ ir + adj.
irregular irreplaceable ⑦ mis + v.
mistake misunderstand
⑧ dis + v.
dislike disagree disappear
⑨ dis + adj.
dishonest discouraged 泄气的
⑵ 表示空间位置关系的前缀
a- 表示在……之上；处于……的状态
ahead 在头顶上 abroad aside 在外边fore- 在……前面
forehead forearm
in-, il-, im, 向……内，在……内
inside include import
out- 向外
outside outdoors outlook观点，见解
over- 在上面的，在外的
overhead overcoat overcome
pre- 在……之前
prewar prepay under- 在……之下
underground underline
up- 向上
upward upstairs
tele- 远
telephone television
(3) 表示时间序列关系的前缀
fore- 在前，预先
foreword foretell foresightmid- 中间
midnight midautumn midsummer
post- 在……之后
postwar postliberation
re- 重复
retell rebuild replace rewrite
over- 超过
overeat overpass
super- 极，超
supermarket superman superstar(4) 一些表示特殊意义的前缀
auto- 自动
automobile auto bicycle
micro- 微小
microscope microcomputer
bi- 数量
biweekly bimonthly
mini- 小型
minibus miniskirt minimarket
en- 使……
enrich enlarge enable2. 后缀 (Suffixation)
概念：在词的词尾加上一个词缀构成新的单词。后缀往往会改变一个词的词性。
⑴ 表示 “……的人” 的后缀
① -er ……的人
v. + er
reader worker reporter leader
waiter designer painter
n. + er
villager prisoner farmer
adj. + er westerner easterner southerner
northerner
② -or ……的人
actor governor visitor
③ -ress 表示女性，雌性
actress waitress
④ -ese ……人
Chinese Japanese
⑤ -an ……人
American Australian Canadian ⑥ -ist ……家，者
artist novelist violinist pianist
(2)构成抽象名词＆集合名词的后缀
① v. + ment
movement government judgment
② v. + ion / sion / tion / ation
action pronunciation invitation
decision vision intention
③ n. + ship
friendship membership relationship leadership
④ adj. + ness
kindness illness happiness
⑶ 形容词的后缀
-able/ible
enjoyable horrible terrible
-al
natural international
-ful
careful hopeful helpful useful successful -less
careless hopeless useless homeless
-ly
friendly monthly lonely
-y
cloudy lucky hilly healthy noisy
-ous / ious
dangerous serious
-ed
excited shocked frightened interested -ing
surprising exciting interesting shocking
⑷ 副词的后缀
-ly
suddenly quickly slowly certainly
nearly successfully
-ward/wards
backwards forwards downwards upwards
northward southward eastward westward
⑸ 动词的后缀 adj./n. + en
deepen darken sharpen
⑹ 数词的后缀
-teen
thirteen fifteen nineteen fourteen
-ty
twenty thirty fifty ninety
-th
eleventh twelfth fourth eighth
ninth hundredth thousandth 概念：缩略法缩短原有词汇使读音和写
法呈现新的形式。
1. 剪切法 (Clipping)
剪切词头 (Front clipping)
airplane telephone
taxicab
剪切词尾 (Back clipping)
examination
photographⅢ. 缩略法 (Acronymy)planephonecabexamphoto advertisement
2. 混成法 (Blending)
breakfast + lunch = brunch
早晨和中午之间的饭
smoke + fog = smog 烟雾
work + welfare = workfare 工作福利
medical + care = medicare 医疗保险
3. 首字母缩略 （Initialisms）
BBC
UNadBritish Broadcasting CorporationUnited Nations 4. 首字母缩写词 （Acronyms）
此种缩略法形成的词读成一个单词
AIDS
获得性免疫系统缺陷综合症（艾滋病） VIP
UFO
ICBC
CCBVery Important PersonUnidentified Flying ObjectIndustrial and Commercial Bank of ChinaChina Construction BankAcquired Immune Deficiency
SyndromeTHE END SARS
严重的急性呼吸道综合症Severe Acute Respiratory
SyndromeThank you