2017年中考初中英语语法之宾语从句讲解 学案

初中英语语法宾语从句讲解
一．基本讲解
直接引语变间接引语
概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做谓语动词/介词短语的宾语。
E.g: He said,“I am good at drawing”.
He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)
1.引导词
(1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。
E.g: She said,“I want to go there ”
She said (that) she wanted to go there.
They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.
(2) whether 或if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。
E.g: “Are you interested in geography ” she said.
She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.
I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei .
I’m not sure whether he will come or not.
注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外
a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if
e.g: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic.
b. 引导词与动词不定式(to
do)或or not 连用时，只用whether.
e.g:I can’t say whether or not he will come on time.
c.用if产生歧义时，只能用whether.
d. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether.
E.g: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times.
Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.
(3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。
特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose.
What 引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。
E.g. “What do you want
” He asked.
He asked me what I wanted.
I have no idea where he is now.
I don’t know how to deal with it.
He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.
对比下列句子，看what 做什么成分：
He asked what was the wrong/matter with me.（what 做主语）
He doesn’t know what to do now(做宾语)
He asked me who he was.(who 做表语)
2.宾语从句时态
a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制
e.g: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film
I’m sorry to hear that your father is ill.
She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.
b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态（have
done现在完成时不是过去的时态）
She didn’t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般)
I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成）
I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来）
注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。
E.g: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）
The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）
3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他

when will you leave for Beijing （Could you please tell me）
Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing
Has she seen the movie？（He asked.）
He asked if she had seen the movie.
Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you
二、宾语从句的转化
1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主从句主语一致时可
简化为不定式结构。如：
E.g:She agreed that she could help me with my math. →She agreed to help me with my math.
2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。
E.g: She forgot what she should take. →
she forget to take it
3. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
三．否定转移
e.g. I don’t think he is cool. 我认为他并不酷
常用词：believe，suppose等
四．注意问题和易错点
1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引导词的影响（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）
2. Whether/if 用法傻傻分不清（whether 是否，if是否/如果）
3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢
E.g: I don‘t know who she is looking at.(容易丢了at )
4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why ，what 不
能用语定从，只用于宾从）
5. 混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句
Jim didn’t know what was wrong with his computer.
巩固练习
1.Have you decided ________for Australia
A. when will you leave
B. when do you leave
C. you will leave when
D. when you will leave
2.Can you tell me _________
A. where does Tom live
B. where Tom live
C. Tom lives where
D. where Tom lives
3.The old man asked me ________ .
A. where was the cinema
B. where is the cinema
C. where the cinema was
D. where was the way to the cinema
4.I think _______ you will like him.
A. that
B. if
C. why
D. how
5.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not.
A. that
B. whether
C. weather
D. how
6.I wonder _________ .
A. how much cost these shoes
B. how much do these shoes cost
C. how much these shoes cost
D. how much are these shoes cost
7.She asked me _________
A. who he was
B. who was he
C. who is he
D. who he is
8.Ask him ___.
A. whose cup this is
B. whose cup is this
C. this is whose cup
D. whose is this cup
9.I don’t know _________ .
A. what time the movie starts
B. what time starts the movie
C. the time to start the movie
D. the movie what time starts
10.The doctor asked me how long ________ .
A. was I ill
B. have I been ill
C. I have been ill
D. I had been ill
11.The weather forecast doesn’t say _________.
A. if it rains tomorrow
B. if does it rain tomorrow
C. if it will rain tomorrow
D. if will it rain tomorrow
12.Do you know _________
A. whose pen is this
B. whose pen this is
C. whom does the pen belong to
D. whom the pen belong to
13.Could you tell me where _________
A. the tape was
B. was the tape
C. the tape is
D. is the tape
14.They want to know _________
.
A. where is the hospital
B. how old are you
C. when the train will leave
D. why is the boy crying
15.Tony wanted to know _________.
A. what Father Christmas
has put in his stocking
B. when Father Christmas had put in his stocking
C. what Father Christmas had put in his stocking
D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking
16.No one knows ___ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.
A. when
B. whether
C. where
D. if
17.July didn’t know_________.
A. where is Tim s father
B.
when was the first watch made
C. who the old man is
D. what was wrong with her watch
18.No one told us _________, so we need your help.
A. how should we do
B. what we should do
C. what to do it
D. what should we do
19.We don’t know _________
with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.
A. how do it
B. how to do
C. what do it
D. what to do
20.He asked me _________.
A. whether I find out the sender of the money
B. whether did I find out the sender of the money
C. whether the sender of the money found out
D. whether I found out the sender of the money
能力提高练习
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether
B. whether; Whether
C. that; If
D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come
B. how will he come
C. if he comes
D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me ____the nearest hospital is
A. what
B. how
C. whether
D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help
A. how did he repair
B. what did he repair
C. how he repaired
D. what he repaired
5. I want to know _________.
A. who is she looking after
B. who she is looking after
C. whom is she looking
D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now
A. he lives
B. does he live
C. he lived
D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________
A. the train leave
B. does the train leave
C. will the train leave
D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please
A. how the two players are old
B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old
D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in
B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in
D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _____.
A. what does Christmas mean
B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does
D. what Christmas means
11. I don’t know _____ he will be back home.
A. who
B. what
C. when
D. where
12. Could you tell me ___________
A. where do you live
B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for
D. where you live in
13. Do you still remember _______
A. that he said
B. what he said
C. did he say that
D. what did he say
14. I can’t understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left
B. why did she leave
C. why she had left
D. why had she left
15. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise
B. rose
C. rises
D. had risen
16. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.
A. how far; had gone
B. how long; has gone
C. how far; went
D. how far; had run
17. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter
B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is
D. What’s the matter
18. Can you tell me ___________
A. what are you doing
B. where do you study
C. what you were doing
D. what to do it
19. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens
B. where did it happen
C. how it happened
D. how did it happen
20.No one tells us______，so we need your help.
A. how we should do
B. what should we do
C. how to do it
D. what to do it
直击中考
1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell me
_______.
A. when UFOs will appear next time
B. why do horses know the way
C. where was this kind of plant found
D. how do elephants communicate
2. ---What time will Mr. Brown be back to China
----Sorry. I don’t know _______.
A. when did he go abroad
B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back
D. how long he will stay abroad
3. ---May I come in I’m sorry I am late.
----Come in, please. But could you please tell me _______
A. why you are late again
B. what were you doing then
C. who you talked with
D. how do you come to school
4. ---Could you please tell me _______.
----Bus No.32 will take you right there.
A. where is Henan Museum
B. what Henan Museum is like
C. how can I get to Henan Museum
D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum
5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______.
A. where they have been
B. where are they
C. where are they from
D. where they have gone
6. ---Do you know _______the Capital Museum
---Next Friday.
A. when will they visit
B. when they will visit
C. when did they visit
D. when they visited
7. He wanted to know _______the English party.
A. when will we have
B. when we will have
C. when would we have
D. when we would have
8. I want to know _______.
A. when we should arrive at the airport
B. when should we arrive at the airport
C. when the airport we should arrive at
D. when the airport should we arrive at
9.---David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me _______

----He is a doctor.
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. what is he
D. what he is
10. ---I wonder _______ without water
----About a week.
A. how long man can live
B. how long can man live
C. when man can live
D. when can man live
宾语从句巩固练习参考答案
1.D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。
2.D宾语从句用陈述语序，where作从句的宾语。
3. C宾语从句用陈述语序，where表示地点。
4. A
if表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。
5.
B 有or not，所以用whether.
6. C 宾语从句用陈述语序
7. A宾语从句用陈述语序,who 作从句的宾语。
8. A whose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。
9. A 宾语从句用陈述语序。
10. D 主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生问我之前我已经病了，用过去完成时态。
11.
C if连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。
12.
B whose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。
13. C 宾语从句用陈述语序。
14. C宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。
15.
C 主句一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态，圣诞老人之前就把礼物放进袜子了，用过去完成时态。
16. B 有or not就用whether.
17.D 宾语从句用陈述语序, 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态。
18. B 没有人告诉我们应该做什么，所以我们需要你的帮助。宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选
B就是没有人做什么，us后面是宾语从句，而us是宾格不能作从句的主语，所以C选项缺少宾语从句的主语，应选B.
19. D我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。What做to do 的宾语。
20. D 宾语从句用陈述语序，他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人，主句用过去时态，从句用过去相应的时态。
能力提高练习参考答案
1. D 前一个if引导宾语从句，表示选择“是否”，后一个if引导的是条件状语从句表示将来的动作，所以用主将从现。
2. D我不知道后天他是否回来，宾语从句用陈述语序。
3. D where表示地点，最近的医院在哪里。
4. C 宾语从句用陈述语序，已经说了是修理录音机，所以不用what, 而用how.
5. D宾语从句用陈述语序，whom作照顾的宾语。
6. A 主句用现在时态，从句不受限制，住在哪里用一般现在时，宾语从句用陈述语序。
7. D宾语从句用陈述语序，从句是客观事实，用一般现在时。
8. D宾语从句用陈述语序。
9. B宾语从句用陈述语序，what在从句中做主语。
10.D 宾语从句用陈述语序，what在从句中做宾语。
11. C因为后面的从句是说他将回家，所以前面应该是我不知道他什么时间回家。
12. B. B是陈述语序，D可以用where you live或which you live in.
13. B. 宾语从句用陈述语序，what在宾语从句中做said的宾语。
14. A. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用现在的时态，从句根据事实用相应的时态。
15. C. 客观真理用一般现在时态。
16. D. 距离多远一般用how far，go是个瞬间动词，所以应该用可以表示持续动作的动词。
17. A. 主句是过去时态，从句要用过去的相应时态，所以C、D排除。What作宾语从句的主语。
18. D. what作动词不定式的真正宾语。
19. C. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句是一般过去时态，从句也用过去时态。
20. C. 因为不知怎样做，所以需要你的帮助，如果是不知道做什么，会有人告诉你做什么的。如果对主语提问，则特殊疑问句的语序不变。
点击中考参考答案
1.
A. 我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣，但他们谁也讲不出下次不明飞行物出现的时间。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
2. D. 布朗先生什么时候回中国？抱歉。我不知道他会在国外待多久。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
3. A. 我可以进来吗？很抱歉我迟到了。请进，但请你告诉我为什么又迟到了吗？宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
4. D. 你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆（我坐几路车能到河南博物馆）吗？宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
5. D. 彼得说怀特一家正在度假，但没有人知道他们去了哪里。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。They have been to他们去过某个地方，现在已经回来了；they have gone to他们去了某个地方，现在还没有回来。
6. B. 你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗？下周五。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
7. D. 你想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用相应的过去时态，宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
8. A. 我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
9. D. David,看那边那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干什么的吗？他是医生。询问职业用what；宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
10. A. 我想知道，没有水人能活多久。大约一周。About a week知询问应用how long，宾语从句应该用陈述语序。