2017年高考北京卷英语试题（解析版）

绝密★启用前
2017年普通高等学校全国招生统一考试（北京卷）
英
语
本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节
（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：What
is
the
man
going
to
read?
A．A
newspaper.
B．A
magazine.
C．A
book.
答案是A
1．When
will
the
film
start?
A．At
5:00.
B．At
6:00.
C．At
7:00.
2．Which
club
will
the
man
join?
A．The
film
club.
B．The
travel
club.
C．The
sports
club.
3．What
was
the
weather
like
in
the
mountains
yesterday?
A．Sunny.
B．Windy.
C．Snowy.
4．What
does
the
man
want
to
cut
out
of
paper?
A．A
fish.
B．A
bird.
C．A
monkey.
5．Where
does
the
conversation
most
probably
take
place?
A．In
a
library.
B．At
a
bookstore.
C．In
a
museum.
第二节
（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6短材料，回答第6至7题。
6．Why
does
the
woman
make
the
call?
A．To
make
an
invitation.
B．To
ask
for
information.
C．To
discuss
a
holiday
plan
.
7．How
much
does
the
woman
need
to
pay
for
the
minibus?
A．$50.
B．$150.
C．$350.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8.What
are
the
two
sperkers
mainly
talking
about?
A.Electronic
waste.
B.Soil
pollution.
C.Recyling
benefits.
9.What
does
the
woman
decide
to
do
with
her
cell
hpone
in
the
end?
A.Throw
it
away.
B.Keep
it
at
home.
C.Sell
it
to
be
recycled.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What
is
the
possible
relationship
between
the
sperkers?
A.Friends.
B.Wife
and
husband.
C.Business
partners.
11.Where
does
the
woman
work
now?
A.In
a
school.
B.In
a
restaurant.
C.In
a
travel
agency.
12.What
are
the
two
sperkers
going
to
do?
A.To
take
a
trip.
B.To
have
a
coffee.
C.To
attend
a
meeting.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13.What
has
been
improved
according
to
the
speaker?
A.The
train
station.
B.The
bus
service.
C.The
parking
lot.
14.How
does
the
speaker
get
to
her
office
today?
A.By
bus
and
on
foot.
B.By
train
and
by
bus.
C.By
train
and
on
foot.
15.Who
is
the
speaker?
A.A
reporter.
B.A
policeman.
C.A
photographer.
第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
听下面一段对话，完成16至20五道小题，每小题仅填一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。
Pick-up
Appointment
Form
Item（物品）
A
16
and
some
magazines
Destination
Overseas
to
17
Delivery
Air
regular
Time
to
pick
up
5:00
afternoon
Packing
A
medium
box
Customer's
information
Mr.Hudson
19
89Street,Chicago,
20
Tel:4159786
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45
分）
第一节
单项填空（共
15
小题；每小题
1
分，共
15
分）
从每题所给的
A、B、C、D
四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21.
Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
______
easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf.
A.
must
B.
should
C.
can
D.
need
【答案】C
考查情态动词。Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，表示能力，用can。
22.
—Peter,
please
send
us
postcards
______
we’ll
know
where
you
have
visited.
—No
problem.
A.
but
B.
or
C.
for
D.
so
【答案】D
考查连词。Peter，请给我们寄明信片，因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过。前后因果关系，用so。
23.
Every
year,
______
makes
the
most
beautiful
kite
will
win
a
prize
in
the
Kite
Festival.
A.
whatever
B.
whoever
C.
whomever
D.
whichever
【答案】B
考查时态。每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。主语从句，根据意思可知答案。
24.
—______
that
company
to
see
how
they
think
of
our
product
yesterday?
—Yes.
They
are
happy
with
it.
A.
Did
you
call
B.
Have
you
called
C.
Will
you
call
D.
Were
you
calling
【答案】A
考查时态。你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？发生在过去，用过去式，故选A。
25.
______
birds
use
their
feathers
for
flight,
some
of
their
feathers
are
for
other
purposes.
A.
Once
B.
If
C.
Although
D.
Because
【答案】C
考查连词。尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途，前后之间是让步关系，故选C。
26.
Jane
moved
aimlessly
down
the
tree-lined
street,
not
knowing
______she
was
heading.
A.
why
B.
where
C.
how
D.
when
【答案】B
考查连词。Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据句意可知选B。
27.
Many
airlines
now
allow
passengers
to
print
their
boarding
passes
online
______
their
valuable
time.
A.
save
B.
saving
C.
to
save
D.
saved
【答案】C
考查非谓语动词。许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间，动词不定式表目的，选C。
28.
If
you
don’t
understand
something,
you
may
research,
study,
and
talk
to
other
people
_______
you
figure
it
out.
A.
because
B.
though
C.
until
D.
since
【答案】C
考查连词。如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止，根据句意可知选C。
29.
In
the
1950s
in
the
USA,
most
families
had
just
one
phone
at
home,
and
wireless
phones
_______
yet.
A.
haven’t
invented
B.
haven’t
been
invented
C.
hadn’t
invented
D.
hadn’t
been
invented
【答案】D
考查时态。在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，排除B，故选D。
30.
The
national
park
has
a
large
collection
of
wildlife,
_________
from
butterflies
to
elephants.
A.
ranging
B.
range
C.
to
range
D.
ranged
【答案】A
考查非谓语动词。国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。
31.
The
little
problems
______
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
where
D.
when
【答案】A
考查连词。我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。
32.Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remember
the
happy
time
_______
with
his
students.
A.
to
spend
B.
spend
C.
spending
D.
spent
【答案】D
33.People______better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to,and
they’re
living
longer
as
result.
A.will
have
B.
have
C.had
D.had
had
【答案】B
考查时态。人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，故前面也用现在时态，故选B。
34.
If
the
new
safety
system
_______
to
use,
the
accident
would
never
have
happened.
A.
had
been
put
B.
were
put
C.
should
be
put
D.
would
be
put
【答案】A
考查虚拟语气。如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句用had
done形式，句意又是被动，故选A。
35.
Many
people
who
live
along
the
coast
make
a
living
_______
fishing
industry.
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
by
【答案】C
考查介词。许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词on。表示手段。
第二节
完形填空（共
20
小题；每小题
1.5
分，共
30
分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的
A、B、C、D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Hannah
Taylor
is
a
schoolgirl
form
Manitoba,Canada.One
day,
when
she
was
five
years
old,she
was
walking
with
her
mother
in
downtown
Winnipeg.They
saw
a
man
36
out
of
a
garbage
can.She
asked
her
mother
why
he
did
that
and
her
mother
said
that
the
man
was
homeless
and
hungry.Hannah
was
very
37
.She
couldn't
understand
why
some
people
had
to
live
their
without
shelter
or
enough
food.Hannah
started
to
think
about
how
she
could
38
,but,of
course,there
is
not
a
lot
one
five-year-old
can
do
to
solve(解决)the
problem
of
homelessness.
Later
,when
Hannah
attended
school,
she
saw
another
homeless
person.
It
was
a
woman,
39
an
old
shopping
trolley（购物车）which
was
piled
with
40
.
It
seemed
that
everything
the
woman
owned
was
in
them.
This
made
Hannah
very
sad,
and
even
more
41
to
do
something.She
had
been
talking
to
her
mother
about
the
lives
of
homeless
people
42
they
first
saw
the
homeless
man.
Her
mother
told
her
that
if
she
did
something
to
change
the
problem
that
made
her
sad,
she
wouldn’
t
43
as
bad.
Hannah
began
to
speak
out
about
the
homelessness
in
Manitoba
and
then
in
other
provinces.She
hoped
to
44
her
message
of
hope
and
awareness.She
started
the
Ladybug
Foudation
,an
organization
aiming
at
getting
rid
of
bomekssacss.
She
began
to
“Big
Bosses”
lunches,
where
she
would
try
to
persuade
local
business
Leaders
to
46
to
the
cause.She
also
organized
a
fundraising(募捐)drive
in
“Ladybug
Jars”
to
collect
everyone`s
spare
change
during
“Make
Change”
month.
More
recently,
the
foundation
began
another
47
called
National
Red
Scarf
Day-a
day
when
people
donate
$20
and
wear
red
scarves
in
support
of
Canada`s
48
and
homeless.
There
is
an
emergency
shelter
in
Winnipeg
called
“Hannah`s
Place”,something
that
Hannah
is
very
49
of.
Hannah`s
Place
is
divided
into
several
areas,providing
shelter
for
people
when
it
is
so
cold
that
50
outdoors
can
mean
death.In
the
more
than
five
years
since
Hannah
began
her
activities,she
hasreceived
a
lot
of
51
.
For
example,
she
received
the
2007
BRICK
Award
recognizing
the
52
of
young
people
to
change
the
world.
But
53
all
this,
Hannah
still
has
the
54
life
of
a
Winnipeg
schoolgirl,
except
that
she
pays
regular
visits
to
homeless
people.
Hannah
is
one
of
many
examples
of
young
people
who
are
making
a
55
in
the
world.You
can,too!
36.
A.
jumping
B.
eating
C.
crying
D.
waving
37.
A.
annoyed
B.
nervous
C.
ashamed
D.
upset
38.
A.
behave
B.
manage
C.
help
D.
work
39.
A.
pushing
B.
carrying
C.
buying
D.
holding
40.
A.
goods
B.
bottles
C.
foods
D.
bags
41.
A.
excited
B.
determined
C.
energetic
D.
grateful
42.
A.
since
B.
unless
C.
although
D.
as
43.
A.
sound
B.
get
C.
feel
D.
look
44.
A.
exchange
B.
leave
C.
keep
D.
spread
45.
A.
sell
B.
deliver
C.
host
D.
pack
46.
A.
contribute
B.
lead
C.
apply
D.
agree
47.
A.
campaign
B.
trip
C.
procedure
D.
trial
48.
A.
elderly
B.
hungry
C.
lonely
D.
sick
49.
A.
aware
B.
afraid
C.
proud
D.
sure
50
A.
going
B.
sleeping
C.
traveling
D.
playing
51.
A.
praises
B.
invitations
C.
replies
D.
appointments
52.
A.
needs
B.
interests
C.
dreams
D.
efforts
53.
A.
for
B.
through
C.
besides
D.
along
54.
A.
healthy
B.
public
C.
normal
D.
tough
55.
A.
choice
B.
profit
C.
judgement
D.
difference
【答案】
36-40
BDCAD
41-44BACD
45文中没有此空
46-50AABCB
51-55ADCCD
【解析】
试题分析：本文讲述Hannah
Taylor通过自己的努力来建立公益组织筹集资金帮助那些无家可归忍饥挨饿的人。
36.考查动词。A.
jumping
跳B.
eating
吃
C.
crying
哭
D.
waving挥手他们看见一个人从垃圾桶里捡东西吃，根据后文的hungry可知答案为B。
37.考查形容词。A.
annoyed
生气的B.
nervous
紧张的C.
ashamed
羞耻的D.
upset难过的。Hannah很难过，选D。
38.考查动词。A.
behave表现,行为举止B.
manage
成功做C.
help帮助D.
work工作。Hannah开始思考她如何能帮到他们，故选C。
39.考查动词。A.
pushing
推B.
carrying
拿C.
buying买D.
holding握。购物车肯定是推着的，故选A。
40.考查名词。A.
goods
货物B.
bottles瓶子C.
foods
食物D.
bags包。车上堆满了包，选D。
41.考查形容词。A.
excited
激动的B.
determined下决心的C.
energetic精力充沛的D.
grateful感激的。她更加下定决心把这件事做好，故选B。
42.考查连词。A.
since
自从B.
unless
除非C.
although尽管D.
as因为。此处是指自从他们第一次看到无家可归的人，选A。
47.考查名词。A.
campaign
运动B.
trip
旅行C.
procedure
过程D.
trial实验。此处指又一项运动，故选A。
48.考查形容词。A.
elderly
年纪大的B.
hungry
饥饿的C.
lonely
孤独的D.
sick生病的。此处是指为那些饥饿的人和无家可归的人，选B。
49.考查形容词。A.
aware
意识的B.
afraid
害怕的C.
proud
骄傲的
D.
sure肯定的。此处是指Hannah非常骄傲的东西，故选C。
50.考查动词。A.
going
去B.
sleeping
睡
C.
traveling
旅行D.
playing玩。当天冷到在室外睡觉就意味着死的时候，故选B。
51.考查名词。A.
praises赞美B.
invitations邀请C.
replies回复D.
appointments约会。她收到了很多的赞美。因为下文有这方面的举例，答案为A。
52.考查名词。A.
needs
需要
B.
interests
兴趣C.
dreams梦想D.
efforts努力。此处是指这个奖项是为了认可年轻人改变这个世界所作出的努力，故选D。
53.考查介词。A.
for
为了B.
through
通过C.
besides
此外D.
along沿着。但是除了所有的这些之外，Hannah依然过着Winnipeg学校一名女生的普通的生活。选C
54.考查形容词。A.
healthy
健康的B.
public
公共的C.
normal
正常的，普通的D.
tough艰难的。根据上题题意可知答案为C。
55.考查名词。A.
choice选择B.
profit
利润C.
judgement
判断D.
difference不同。此处为固定短语：make
a
difference：起作用，有影响，选D。
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40
分）
第一节
（共
15
小题；每小题
2
分，共
30
分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A、B、C、D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
It
was
a
cold
March
day
in
High
Point,
North
Carolina.
The
girls
on
the
Wesleyan
Academy
softball
were
waiting
for
their
next
turns
at
bat
during
practice,
stamping
their
feet
to
stay
warm,
Eighth-grader
Taylor
Bisbee
shivered(发抖)
a
little
as
she
watched
her
teammate
Paris
White
play.
The
two
didn’t
know
each
other
well
—Taylor
had
just
moved
to
town
a
month
or
so
before.
Suddenly,
Paris
fell
to
the
ground,“Paris’s
eye
rolled
back,”
Taylor
says.
“She
started
shaking
.
I
knew
it
was
an
emergency.”
It
certainly
was,
Paris
had
suffered
a
sudden
heart
failure.
Without
immediate
medical
care,
Paris
would
die.
“Does
anyone
know
CPR?”
CPR
is
a
life-saving
technique.
To
do
CPR,
you
press
on
the
sick
person’s
chest
so
that
blood
moves
through
the
body
and
takes
oxygen
to
organs.
Without
oxygen
the
brain
is
damaging
quickly.
Amazingly,
Taylor
had
just
taken
a
CPR
course
the
day
before.
Still,
she
hesitated.
She
didn’t
think
she
knew
it
well
enough.
But
when
no
one
else
came
forward,
Taylor
ran
to
Paris
and
began
doing
CPR,
“It
was
scary.
I
knew
it
was
the
difference
between
life
and
death,”
says
Taylor.
Taylor’s
swift
action
helped
her
teammates
calm
down.
One
girl
called
911.
Two
more
ran
to
get
the
school
nurse,
who
brought
a
defibrillator,
an
electronic
devices(器械)
that
can
shock
the
heart
back
into
work.
Luck
stayed
with
them:
Paris’
heartbeat
returned.
“I
know
I
was
really
lucky,”
Paris
say
now.
“Most
people
don’t
survive
this.
My
team
saved
my
life”
Experts
say
Paris
is
right:
For
a
sudden
heart
failure,
the
single
best
chance
for
survival
is
having
someone
nearby
step
in
and
do
CPR
quickly.
Today,
Paris
is
back
on
the
softball
team.
Taylor
will
apply
to
college
soon.
She
wants
to
be
a
nurse.
“I
feel
more
confident
in
my
actions
now,”
Taylor
says.
“I
know
I
can
act
under
pressure
in
a
scary
situation.”
56.What
happened
to
Paris
on
a
March
day?
A.She
caught
a
bad
cold.
B.
She
had
a
sudden
heart
problem.
C.She
was
knocked
down
by
a
ball.
D.She
shivered
terribly
during
practice
57.Why
does
Paris
say
she
was
lucky?
A.She
made
a
worthy
friend.
B.
She
recovered
from
shock.
C.
She
received
immediate
CPR.
D.She
came
back
on
the
softball
team.
58.Which
of
the
following
words
can
best
describe
Taylor?
A.Enthusiastic
and
kind.
B.Courageous
and
calm.
C.Cooperative
and
generous.
D.Ambitious
and
professional.
【答案】56
B
57
C
58
B
B
Inspiring
young
minds!
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Magazine
is
a
big
hit
in
the
world
of
children’s
publishing,
bringing
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ideas
and
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fun
to
young
fans
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Sounds
too
good
to
be
true?
Take
a
look
online—evidence
shows
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thousands
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and
parents
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good
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and
recommend
TOKNOW
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Birthday
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Year!
What
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gift
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Policy—the
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can
be
cancelled
within
28
days
and
you
can
get
your
money
back.
59.
Why
is
TOKNOW
a
special
magazine?
A.
It
entertains
young
parents.
B.
It
provides
serious
sdvertisements.
C.
It
publishes
popular
science
fictions.
D.
It
combines
fun
with
complex
concepts.
60.
What
does
TOKNOW
offer
its
readers?
A.
Online
courses.
B.
Articles
on
new
topics.
C.
Lectures
on
a
balanced
life.
D.
Reports
on
scientific
discoveries.
61.
How
much
should
you
pay
if
you
make
a
12-mouth
subscription
to
TOKNOW
with
gift
pack
from
China?
A.
?55.
B.
?60.
C.
?65.
D.
?70.
62.
Subscribers
of
TOKNOW
would
get
.
A.
free
birthday
presents
B.
full
refund
within
28
days
C.
membership
of
the
TOKNOW
club
D.
chances
to
meet
the
experts
in
person
【答案】59D
60C
61D
62A
【解析】
试题分析：文章介绍了一本杂志TOKNOW
Magazine。
59.根据第一个方框内的描述可知，答案为D。
60.根据第二个方框内的内容可知答案为C。
61.根据Annual
Subscription
with
Gift
Pack所在部分可知答案是D。
62.根据Happy
Birthday
All
Year!可知答案为A。
C
Measles(麻疹),
which
once
killed
450
children
each
year
and
disabled
even
more,
was
nearly
wiped
out
in
the
United
States
14
years
ago
by
the
universal
use
of
the
MMR
vaccine(疫苗).
But
the
disease
is
making
a
comeback,
caused
by
a
growing
anti-vaccine
movement
and
misinformation
that
is
spreading
quickly.
Already
this
year,
115
measles
cases
have
been
reported
in
the
USA,
compared
with
189
for
all
of
last
year.
The
numbers
might
sound
small,
but
they
are
the
leading
edge
of
a
dangerous
trend.
When
vaccination
rates
are
very
high,
as
they
still
are
in
the
nation
as
a
whole,
everyone
is
protected.
This
is
called
“herd
immunity”,
which
protects
the
people
who
get
hurt
easily,
including
those
who
can’t
be
vaccinated
for
medical
reasons,
babies
too
young
to
get
vaccinated
and
people
on
whom
the
vaccine
doesn’t
work.
But
herd
immunity
works
only
when
nearly
the
whole
herd
joins
in.
When
some
refuse
vaccination
and
seek
a
free
ride,
immunity
breaks
down
and
everyone
is
in
even
bigger
danger.
That’s
exactly
what
is
happening
in
small
neighborhoods
around
the
country
from
Orange
County,
California,
where
22
measles
cases
were
reported
this
month,
to
Brooklyn,
N.Y.,
where
a
17-year-old
caused
an
outbreak
last
year.
The
resistance
to
vaccine
has
continued
for
decades,
and
it
is
driven
by
a
real
but
very
small
risk.
Those
who
refuse
to
take
that
risk
selfishly
make
others
suffer.
Making
things
worse
are
state
laws
that
make
it
too
easy
to
opt
out(决定不参加)
of
what
are
supposed
to
be
required
vaccines
for
all
children
entering
kindergarten.
Seventeen
states
allow
parents
to
get
an
exemption（豁免),
sometimes
just
by
signing
a
paper
saying
they
personally
object
to
a
vaccine.
Now,
several
states
are
moving
to
tighten
laws
by
adding
new
regulations
for
opting
out.
But
no
one
does
enough
to
limit
exemptions.
Parents
ought
to
be
able
to
opt
out
only
for
limited
medical
or
religious
reasons.
But
personal
opinions?
Not
good
enough.
Everyone
enjoys
the
life-saving
benefits
vaccines
provide,
but
they’ll
exist
only
as
long
as
everyone
shares
in
the
risks.
63．The
first
two
paragraphs
suggest
that
____________.
A．a
small
number
of
measles
cases
can
start
a
dangerous
trend
B．the
outbreak
of
measles
attracts
the
public
attention
C．anti-vaccine
movement
has
its
medical
reasons
D．information
about
measles
spreads
quickly
64．Herd
immunity
works
well
when
____________.
A．exemptions
are
allowed
B．several
vaccines
are
used
together
C．the
whole
neighborhood
is
involved
in
D．new
regulations
are
added
to
the
state
laws
65．What
is
the
main
reason
for
the
comeback
of
measles?
A．The
overuse
of
vaccine.
B．The
lack
of
medical
care.
C．The
features
of
measles
itself.
D．The
vaccine
opt-outs
of
some
people.
66．What
is
the
purpose
of
the
passage?
A．To
introduce
the
idea
of
exemption.
B．To
discuss
methods
to
cure
measles.
C．To
stress
the
importance
of
vaccination.
D．To
appeal
for
equal
rights
in
medical
treatment.
【答案】63
B
64
C
65
D
66
C
【解析】
D
Hollywood’s
theory
that
machines
with
evil(邪恶)
minds
will
drive
armies
of
killer
robots
is
just
silly.
The
real
problem
relates
to
the
possibility
that
artificial
intelligence(AI)
may
become
extremely
good
at
achieving
something
other
than
what
we
really
want.
In
1960
a
well-known
mathematician
Norbert
Wiener,
who
founded
the
field
of
cybernetics,
put
it
this
way:
“If
we
use,
to
achieve
our
purposes,
a
mechanical
agency
with
whose
operation
we
cannot
effectively
interfere(干预),
we
had
better
be
quite
sure
that
the
purpose
which
we
really
desire.”
A
machine
with
a
specific
purpose
has
another
quality,
one
that
we
usually
associate
with
living
things:
a
wish
to
preserve
its
own
existence.
For
the
machine,
this
quality
is
not
in-born,
nor
is
it
something
introduced
by
humans;
it
is
a
logical
consequence
of
the
simple
fact
that
the
machine
cannot
achieve
its
original
purpose
if
it
is
dead.
So
if
we
send
out
a
robot
with
the
single
instruction
of
fetching
coffee,
it
will
have
a
strong
desire
to
secure
success
by
disabling
its
own
off
switch
or
even
killing
anyone
who
might
interfere
with
its
task.
If
we
are
not
careful,
then,
we
could
face
a
kind
of
global
chess
match
against
very
determined,
super
intelligent
machines
whose
objectives
conflict
with
our
own,
with
the
real
world
as
the
chessboard.
The
possibility
of
entering
into
and
losing
such
a
match
should
concentrating
the
minds
of
computer
scientists.
Some
researchers
argue
that
we
can
seal
the
machines
inside
a
kind
of
firewall,
using
them
to
answer
difficult
questions
but
never
allowing
them
to
affect
the
real
world.
Unfortunately,
that
plan
seems
unlikely
to
work:
we
have
yet
to
invent
a
firewall
that
is
secure
against
ordinary
humans,
let
alone
super
intelligent
machines.
Solving
the
safety
problem
well
enough
to
move
forward
in
AI
seems
to
be
possible
but
not
easy.
There
are
probably
decades
in
which
to
plan
for
the
arrival
of
super
intelligent
machines.
But
the
problem
should
not
be
dismissed
out
of
hand,
as
it
has
been
by
some
AI
researchers.
Some
argue
that
humans
and
machines
can
coexist
as
long
as
they
work
in
teams—yet
that
is
not
possible
unless
machines
share
the
goals
of
humans.
Others
say
we
can
just
“switch
them
off”
as
if
super
intelligent
machines
are
too
stupid
to
think
of
that
possibility.
Still
others
think
that
super
intelligent
AI
will
never
happen.
On
September
11,
1933,
famous
physicist
Ernest
Rutherford
stated,
with
confidence,
“Anyone
who
expects
a
source
of
power
in
the
transformation
of
these
atoms
is
talking
moonshine.”
However,
on
September
12,
1933,
physicist
Leo
Szilard
invented
the
neutron-induced(中子诱导)
nuclear
chain
reaction.
67.Paragraph
1
mainly
tells
us
that
artificial
intelligence
may
.
A.
run
out
of
human
control
B.
satisfy
human’s
real
desires
C.
command
armies
of
killer
robots
D.
work
faster
than
a
mathematician
68.Machines
with
specific
purposes
are
associated
with
living
things
partly
because
they
might
be
able
to
.
A.
prevent
themselves
from
being
destroyed
B
achieve
their
original
goals
independently
C.
do
anything
successfully
with
given
orders
D.
beat
humans
in
international
chess
matches
69.According
to
some
researchers,
we
can
use
firewalls
to
.
A.
help
super
intelligent
machines
work
better
B.
be
secure
against
evil
human
beings
C.
keep
machines
from
being
harmed
D.
avoid
robots’
affecting
the
world
70.What
does
the
author
think
of
the
safety
problem
of
super
intelligent
machines?
A.
It
will
disappear
with
the
development
of
AI.
B.
It
will
get
worse
with
human
interference.
C.
It
will
be
solved
but
with
difficulty.
【答案】67
A
68
B
69
D
70
C
【解析】
第二节
（共
5
小题；每小题
2
分，共
10
分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every
animal
sleeps,but
the
reason
for
this
has
remained
foggy.When
lab
rats
are
not
allowed
to
sleep,they
die
within
a
month.
71
One
idea
is
that
sleep
helps
us
strengthen
new
memories.
72
We
know
that,while
awake,fresh
memories
are
recorded
by
reinforeing
(加强)connections
between
brain
cells,but
the
memory
processes
that
take
place
while
we
sleep
have
been
unclear.
Support
is
growing
for
a
theory
that
sleep
evolved
so
that
connections
between
neurons(神经元)in
the
brain
can
be
weakened
overnight,making
room
for
fresh
memories
to
from
the
next
day.
73
Now
we
have
the
most
direct
evidence
yet
that
he
is
right.
74
The
synapses
in
the
mice
taken
at
the
end
of
a
period
of
sleep
were
18
per
cent
smaller
than
those
taken
before
sleep,showing
that
the
connections
between
neurons
weaken
while
sleeping.
If
Tononi`s
theory
is
right,it
would
explain
why,when
we
miss
a
night`s,we
find
it
harder
the
next
day
to
concentrate
and
learn
new
information-our
brains
may
have
smaller
room
for
new
experences.
Their
research
also
suggests
how
we
may
build
lasting
memories
over
time
even
though
the
synapscs
become
thinner.The
team
discovered
that
some
synapses
seem
to
be
protected
and
stayed
the
same
size.
75
“You
keep
what
matters,”Tononi
says.
A.
We
should
also
try
to
sleep
well
the
night
before.
B.
Ti’s
as
if
the
brain
is
preserving
its
most
important
memories.
C.
Similarly,
when
people
go
for
a
few
days
without
sleeping,
they
get
sick.
D.
The
processes
take
place
to
stop
our
brains
becoming
loaded
with
memories.
E.
That’s
why
students
do
better
in
tests
if
they
get
a
chance
to
sleep
after
learning.
F.
“Sleep
is
the
price
we
pay
for
learning,”
says
Giulio
Tononi,
who
developed
the
idea.
G.
Tononi’s
team
measured
the
size
of
these
connections,
or
synapses,
in
the
brains
of
12
mice.
【答案】71C
72E
73F
74G
75B
【解析】
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35
分）
第一节
（15分）
你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1.你建议的线路；
2.你的理由；
3.你的祝愿。
注意：1.词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear
Jim,
Yours,
Li
Hua
第二节
（20
分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：视频video
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What’s
inside?
Every
month
the
magazine
introduces
a
fresh
new
topic
with
articles,
experiments
and
creative
things
to
make
—
the
magazine
also
explores
philosophy
and
wellbeing
to
make
sure
young
readers
have
a
balanced
take
on
life.
What
is
so
special
about
TOKNOW
magazine?
Well,
it
has
no
ads
or
promotions
inside—
instead
it
is
jam-packed
with
serious
ideas.
TOKNOW
makes
complex
ideas
attractive
and
accessible
to
children,
who
can
become
involved
in
advanced
concepts
and
even
philosophy（哲学）—and
they
will
soon
discover
that
TOKNOW
feels
more
like
a
club
than
just
a
magazine.