Module
2 The
Renaissance
Section
Ⅳ Writing
一、佳作展示与背诵
根据下列内容，以第一人称形式用英语写一篇日记。
星期一，10月6日下午，风和日丽，我与李红一起走在回家的路上，突然听到呼救声，我们发现一个小女孩在河水中挣扎。李红连衣服都没来得及脱就跳入水中，她艰难地把落水的女孩拖上河岸。平时，李红学习努力，尊敬老师，与同学们相处不错，总是乐于助人。她为我们树立了好榜样，我们应该向她学习。要求：不要逐字翻译。
参考范文：
October
6th，Monday
Sunny
and
warm
This
afternoon，after
school
we
were
on
our
way
home
when
we
suddenly
heard
a
cry
for
help.We
found
a
little
girl
struggling
in
the
river.My
classmate
Li
Hong
jumped
into
the
water
without
taking
off
her
clothes.She
took
great
trouble
to
pull
the
girl
to
the
bank.With
her
help，the
girl
was
saved.
Li
Hong
is
a
good
student
at
school.She
studies
hard，respects
the
teachers
and
gets
on
well
with
us.She
is
always
ready
to
help
others.She
is
loved
by
us.She
sets
a
good
example
to
us.We
should
learn
from
her.二、思路点拨
日记是用来记述自己一天生活中所发生的有意义的事情或用来抒发自己当天对某些事情的感受以及自己将来的打算。其素材应是最有趣或最有感受的一些事情，体裁可以是记叙文、应用文、说明文、议论文等各种形式，也可以把以上文体结合起来使用。一般篇幅不宜过长。
写日记的过程中要注意以下几点：英语日记一般记录某一天发生的事情，或者是自己感受最深的一件事，如一节课、一次郊游活动、一场晚会、一场体育比赛等。也可是观看某场电影、某部电视剧或阅读某一篇文章后的体会等。写英语日记要注意下面几点：1．日记写作格式
英语日记的格式与中文日记大体一样。英语日记通常由两部分组成，即书端和正文。书端指写日记的日期、星期和天气。英语日记的书端顶格写在正文上方的左边。先写星期，再写日期。日期的写法与书信的相同。天气可写在正文的右上方或写在日期之后，通常用形容词，如：Fine，Cloudy，Rainy，Windy，Foggy等。
2．时态
写日记的时间一般是在下午或晚上，有时也会在第二天补记。所记叙的事情通常发生在过去，所以常用一般过去时。但如果要记叙天气、描写景色、展望未来、议论某事或对话引语等，可以使用一般现在时或一般将来时，以生动再现当时的情景。
3．写作文体
英语日记正文可以是叙事、描述、说明、议论等各种形式，但主题要突出。整篇日记要围绕一个主题来展开。切忌面面俱到，记流水账。因此，要精心选择内容，记下最有意义的、感受最深的内容。英语日记的语言表达要贴切，遣词造句要符合语法和英语习惯表达。切忌用汉语句式表达。如果我们不能用已学的语言知识来表达某种意思，最好换一种同义的表达法。
4．英语日记中的缩写与省略
英语写作中经常会有缩略语，比如：Nov.（November），Apr.（April），e.g.（for
example）等各种形式的缩略语。
三、经典句式
1．This
afternoon，after
school
we
were
on
our
way
home
when
we
suddenly
heard
a
cry
for
help.
2．We
found
a
little
girl
struggling
in
the
river.
3．My
classmate
Li
Hong
jumped
into
the
water
without
taking
off
her
clothes.
4．She
is
always
ready
to
help
others.Module
2 The
Renaissance
Section
Ⅱ Grammar
非谓语动词：是指在句中不能充当谓语，而是起其他语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式，动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。
一、非谓语动词的基本形式
时态形式
主动式
被动式
不定式
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
进行式
to
be
doing
动词 ing形式
一般式
doing
being
done
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
动词 ed形式
一般式
done
二、非谓语动词的用法
（一）作主语、宾语
1．动词不定式或动词 ing形式作主语或宾语时，可用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如：
Eugene's
never
willing
to
alter
any
of
his
opinions.It's
no
use
arguing_with_him.
Nobody
thinks
it
an
easy
job
to_have_done_so_much_in_only_one_day.
2．动词不定式和动词 ing形式作宾语比较：
◆有些动词后只能接doing，如：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，miss，mention，practice，risk，suggest等。如：
Lydia
doesn't
feel
like
studying
abroad.Her
parents
are
old.
Bill
suggested
holding
a
meeting
on
what
to
do
for
the
Shanghai
Expo
during
the
vacation.
◆有些动词后只能接to
do，如：agree，decide，expect，hope，manage，plan，pretend，refuse，threaten，wish等。如：
David
threatened
to_report
his
neighbour
to
the
police
if
the
damages
were
not
paid.
I
can't
stand
working
with
Jane
in
the
same
office.She
just
refuses
to_stop
talking
while
she
works.
◆有些动词后接doing和to
do都可以，且意思差别细微或没差别，如：begin，start，hate，like，love，continue等；但另一些词差别很大，如：forget，try，remember，mean，stop，regret等。如：
I
still
remember
being_taken
to
the
Famen
Temple
and
what
I
saw
there.
His
father
didn't
remember
to_lock
the
door
before
he
left
home，so
a
thief
broke
in
and
stole
many
things.
◆动词need，require，want作“需要”解时，其后须用动词 ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。如：
As
you
know，the
young
tree
needs
watering/to_be_watered
once
in
a
while；otherwise，it
would
die
soon.
（二）作表语
动词 ing形式作表语表示一般或抽象的习惯性动作，也可以说明主语的特征和性质，相当于形容词。不定式作表语表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。过去分词作表语表示主语的状态：及物动词的过去分词作表语，有被动和完成的意味；不及物动词的过去分词作表语，只表完成。如：
Up
to
now，he
has
really
realized
that
helping
others
is
helping_himself.
The
news
that
he
has
got
the
first
prize
in
the
English
contest
is
inspiring.
His
wish
is
to_be_a_teacher
in
a
small
village，though
many
people
don't
want
to
be.
（三）作宾补、主补
1．作宾补的过去分词，大都来自及物动词，与宾语是被动关系。动词 ing形式作宾补，与宾语是主动关系。如：
Even
the
best
writers
sometimes
find
themselves
lost
for
words.
Alexander
tried
to
get
his
work
recognized
in
the
medical
circles.
Listen！Do
you
hear
someone
calling
for
help
2．在感官动词和某些使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to，但转换为被动结构时，其后作主补的不定式一般需带to。如：
My
parents
have
always
made
me
feel_good
about
myself，even
when
I
was
twelve.
The
boy
was
made
to_go_to_bed
early.
3．with复合结构
with＋宾语＋宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或代词，宾语补足语可以是动词不定式、过去分词、动词 ing形式等。不定式与前面的名词是主动关系，表示动作还没发生；过去分词与前面的名词是被动关系，表示动作已经发生；动词 ing形式与前面的名词是主动关系，表示动作正在进行。如：
The
living
room
is
clean
and
tidy，with
a
dining
table
already
laid
for
a
meal
to
be
cooked.
—Come
on，please
give
me
some
ideas
about
the
project.
—Sorry.With
so
much
work
filling
my
mind，I
almost
break
down.
With
no
one
to_turn_to
in
such
a
frightening
situation，she
felt
very
helpless.
（四）作定语
1．不定式作定语有三种情况：
①与所修饰的词是动宾关系。如：
I
have
a
lot
of
readings
to_complete
before
the
end
of
this
term.
His
first
book
to_be_published
next
month
is
based
on
a
true
story.
②与所修饰的词是主谓关系。如：
—The
last
one
to_arrive
pays
the
meal.
—Agreed!
③与所修饰的词是同位关系。如：
The
ability
to_express_an_idea
is
as
important
as
the
idea
itself.
That
is
the
only
way
we
can
imagine
to
reduce
the
overuse
of
water
in
students'
bathrooms.
2．过去分词作定语，与所修饰的词是动宾关系。如：
The
players
selected
from
the
whole
country
are
expected
to
bring
us
honor
in
this
summer
game.
3．动词 ing形式作定语可以表示用途，也可以表示一种主谓关系。如：
When
he
came
home，he
found
his
old
friend
Tom
waiting
for
him
in
the
living
room.
On
receiving
a
phone
call
from
his
wife
saying
she
had
a
fall，Mr.Gordon
immediately
rushed
home
from
his
office.
（五）作状语
1．不定式作状语，常表示原因、结果、条件、目的等。不定式作结果状语时，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only。如：
Simon
made
a
big
bamboo
box
to_keep
the
little
sick
bird
till
it
could
fly.
He
hurried
to
the
booking
office
only
to_be_told
that
all
the
tickets
had
been
sold
out.
2．过去分词作状语，表示主语是过去分词动作的承受者。如：
Seen
from
the
top
of
the
tower，the
south
foot
of
the
mountain
is
a
sea
of
trees.
3．动词 ing形式作状语，表示主语是动词 ing形式动作的发出者，常表示时间、伴随、原因、结果、方式、条件等。当表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，要用完成形式having
done。如：
Approaching
the
city
centre，we
saw
a
stone
statue
of
about
10
metres
in
height.
The
retired
man
donated
most
of
his
savings
to
the
school
damaged
by
the
earthquake
in
Yushu，enabling
the
students
to
return
to
their
classrooms.
Lots
of
rescue
workers
were
working
around
the
clock，sending
supplies
to
Yushu，Qinghai
Province
after
the
earthquake.
Dina，having_struggled
for
months
to
find
a
job
as
a
waitress，finally
took
a
position
at
a
local
advertising
agency.
4．独立主格结构作状语
独立主格的构成：名词或代词（主格）＋不定式/动词 ing/过去分词等，在句中多作状语，表示时间、原因、结果等。如：
The
country
has
already
sent
up
three
unmanned
spacecraft，the
most
recent
having_been_launched
at
the
end
of
last
March.
The
children
went
home
from
the
grammar
school，their
lessons
finished
for
the
day.
注意：动词 ing形式一般表示句子主语的动作，但作句子状语、说明说话人的看法时，则情况不是这样。如：
Judging_by_the_direction_of_the_wind，it
won't
rain
today.
Generally_speaking，the
more
expensive
the
camera，the
better
its
quality.
（1）Having
finished
her
project，she
was
invited
by
the
school
______
to
the
new
students.
A．speaking B．having
spoken
C．to
speak
D．to
have
spoken
答案：C
提示：句意：完成她的工程以后，她被学校邀请给新生做演讲。“做演讲”发生在was
invited之后，所以用动词不定式的一般式作主语补足语。
（2）We're
having
a
meeting
in
half
an
hour.The
decision
______
at
the
meeting
will
influence
the
future
of
our
company.
A．to
be
made
B．being
made
C．made
D．having
been
made
答案：A
提示：根据第一句“in
half
an
hour”可知，会议还没有开始，因此决定还没有做出，只是将要做出，故排除B、C、D三项；动词不定式表将来，符合题意。句意：半小时后我们将举行一次会议，在会议上将要做出的决定会影响我们公司的将来。故选A项。
（3）______
to
work
overtime
that
evening，I
missed
a
wonderful
film.
A．Having
been
asked
B．To
ask
C．Having
asked
D．To
be
asked
答案：A
提示：由后半句中
“I
missed
a
wonderful
film”可知，那晚上加班已经发生，而不定式表将来，所以排除B、D两项；ask与I
之间应为被动关系，故用现在分词的完成被动式。句意：那天晚上要求我加班，所以我错过了一场好看的电影。故选A项。
（4）This
machine
is
very
easy
______．Anybody
can
learn
to
use
it
in
a
few
minutes.
A．operating B．to
be
operating
C．operated
D．to
operate
答案：D
提示：句意：这台机器很容易操作。任何人几分钟就学会操作。不定式作表语形容词的状语，表示在哪一方面存在这个形容词表示的情况或产生这种情绪的原因。本题结构可换为It
is
very
easy
to
operate
the
machine.或To
operate
the
machine
is
very
easy。这一结构中的不定式要用主动式且要用及物动词或不及物动词＋介词。故此处D项正确。
（5）I
looked
up
and
noticed
a
snake______its
way
up
the
tree
to
catch
its
breakfast.
A．to
wind
B．wind
C．winding
D．wound
答案：C
提示：句意：我抬起头来，注意到一条蛇正盘旋着往树上爬，去捕捉它的早餐。snake和wind之间为主动关系，注意到蛇在往树上爬，表示动作正在进行。故选C项。
（6）Before
driving
into
the
city，you
are
required
to
get
your
car______.
A．washed
B．wash
C．washing
D．to
wash
答案：A
提示：car和wash为被动关系，故选用过去分词washed作补语。句意：在你开车驶入这所城市前，你应该先洗车。
（7）______
in
a
long
queue，we
waited
for
the
store
to
open
to
buy
a
New
iPad.
A．Standing
B．To
stand
C．Stood
D．Stand
答案：A
提示：句意：我们排在长长的队伍中，等着商店开门买一台新的平板电脑。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作伴随状语，且句子的主语we与stand之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。
（8）If
he
takes
on
this
work，he
will
have
no
choice
but
______
an
even
greater
challenge.
A．meets B．meeting
C．meet
D．to
meet
答案：D
提示：have
no
choice
but
to
do
sth.“除了做某事之外别无选择”。句意：如果接受这份工作，除了接受更大的挑战之外他别无选择。
（9）______
with
care，one
tin
will
last
for
six
weeks.
A．Use
B．Using
C．Used
D．To
use
答案：C
提示：分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作状语，且与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故选C项。句意：如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。
（10）The
old
man
sat
in
front
of
the
television
every
evening，happy
______
anything
that
happened
to
be
on.
A．to
watch
B．watching
C．watched
D．to
have
watched
答案：A
提示：本句中的happy...是形容词短语作状语，修饰句子主语The
old
man的状态。由句子中的happy可知其后应接动词不定式表原因，即（the
old
man
is）happy
to...。故选A项。Module
2 The
Renaissance
功能
Mastering
English
verbs
句型
1．I
find
it
mysterious，and
perhaps
even
a
little
disturbing...→find＋sth.＋adj.
发现某物具有某种特征，形容词作宾语补足语。2．...here
the
taxes
depended
on
the
width
of
the
house
—
so
they
kept
them
narrow，but
built
them
tall.→so是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，表示因果关系。3．Without
inexpensive
printing...the
son
of
John
Shakespeare，...may
never
have
been
inspired
to...→without构成虚拟语气，表示“如果没有……”的假设意义，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
语法
Review
of
non finite
verbs（复习非谓语动词）
写作
Writing
a
passage
for
your
diary
考点
非谓语动词；depend；leave；lead
to
油画《蒙娜·丽莎》现在在哪里？它有没有被盗过？如果有，是什么时候？电影《达·芬奇密码》与这幅油画有什么联系？
The
Intriguing（迷人的）Mona
Lisa
Maybe
she's
smiling
because
she
found
the
secret
to
immortality（不朽）．The
painting
Mona
Lisa
currently
hangs
in
the
Louvre
Museum（卢浮宫博物馆）in
Paris.It
is
set
behind
a
wall
of
bulletproof
glass
and
watched
over
by
armed
guards.The
sitter's
enigmatic
smile（神秘的微笑）is
just
one
of
the
mysteries
that
historians
and
scientists
have
been
debating
since
the
artist
touched
his
last
brush
stroke
to
the
canvas（油画）．Leonardo
began
work
on
the
painting
in
1503.
A
brief
absence
from
the
Louvre
made
her
even
more
famous.“The
theft
in
1911
was
a
decisive
moment
in
her
history”，Frank
Fehrenbach，Renaissance
expert
and
professor
of
art
history
at
Harvard
University
explained.“After
she
was
recovered
and
returned
triumphantly
to
the
museum
in
1913，she
became
its
temple
icon.”
Since
then，the
public
has
held
an
unwavering
fascination
with
the
Mona
Lisa，and
her
mystique
has
only
snowballed
with
the
emergence
of
various
popular
theories
over
the
years.The
Da
Vinci
Code（2003），Dan
Brown's
successful
novel，has
helped
out
in
no
small
part，with
the
painting
figuring
prominently（显著地）in
its
riveting（吸引人的）opening
chapters.
诱思探究
Decide
whether
the
following
statements
are
true（T）or
false（F）．
1．Leonardo
began
work
on
the
painting
in
1911.（ ）
2．Frank
Fehrenbach
stole
the
painting.（ ）
3．The
public
have
great
fascination
with
the
Mona
Lisa.（ ）
答案：1．F 2．F 3．T
Ⅰ．词汇拓展
1．______
adj.引起烦恼的，令人不安的→______
v.打扰，妨碍
答案：disturbing；disturb
2．______
adv.基本上，本质上，大致说来→______
adj.基础的，基本的→______
n.基础→______
n.地下室
答案：basically；basic；base；basement
3．______
n.效果；作用→______
adj.有效的→______
v.影响
答案：effect；effective；affect
4．______
v.激发，激励→______
n.动机，目的
答案：motivate；motivation
5．______
adj.有技巧的，熟练的→______
n.技能→______
adj.灵巧的，娴熟的
答案：skilled；skill；skillful
6．______
n.代替物；代替品→______
n.代替
答案：substitute；substitution
7．______
adj.机密的，秘密的→______
adj.自信的→______
n.自信，信任
答案：confidential；confident；confidence
8．______
adj.有天赋的，有才华的→______
n.天赋；礼物答案：gifted；gift
9．______
v.鼓舞，激励→______
adj.有灵感的→______
adj.激励的，鼓舞人心的→______
n.灵感，启示
答案：inspire；inspired；inspiring；inspiration
10．______
n.职业→______
adj.职业的，专业的
答案：profession；professional
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．__________
不仅仅，不只是 no
more
than
__________
not
more
than
____________ more...than...
__________
答案：more
than；仅仅，至多；不多于；与其说……不如说
2．____________
使与……相对照 in
contrast
____________ by
contrast
____________
答案：contrast
with；相反，比较起来；相比之下
3．____________
手拉手 face
to
face
____________ shoulder
to
shoulder
____________ arm
in
arm
____________
答案：hand
in
hand；面对面；肩并肩；臂挽臂
4．____________
依靠，依赖 it
all
depends
____________
答案：depend
on；看情况而定
5．____________
历史上 ____________
在……的历史上
答案：in
history；in
the
history
of
6．____________
离开去某地 ____________
把……抛在后面答案：leave
for；leave
sth.behind
7．____________
代表…… on
one's
behalf
____________
答案：on
behalf
of；为……的利益，代表
8．____________
厌倦做某事＝____________ be
tired
with/from
____________
答案：get/be
tired
of
doing
sth.；be
bored
with；因……而疲惫
9．__________
通往，导致 __________
从事，开始做……
take
down
____________ take
place
____________ take
in
____________ take
on
____________ take
off
____________
答案：lead
to；take
up；记下，写下；发生；吸收，欺骗；呈现，承担；脱下，起飞
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．But
they
looked
forward，too，______
opening
new
frontiers
in
the
arts.
而他们也通过开辟新的艺术领域来展望未来。
答案：by
2．______
he
went，he
carried
a
notebook
around
with
him，______
______
he
wrote
down
his
ideas.
不管走到哪里他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便随时记录下自己的想法。
答案：Wherever；in
which
3．But
even
if
his
only
contribution
to
history
had
been
the
Mona
Lisa，it
______
______
______
genius
enough
for
all
time.
但即使他对历史的贡献仅仅是一幅《蒙娜·丽莎》，这也已经是恒久的天才作品。
答案：would
have
been
4．But
as
the
ideas
of
the
Renaissance
developed，______
______
the
demand
for
the
Greek
and
Latin
classics，which
had
been
largely
ignored
for
up
to
2,000
years.
但随着文艺复兴观念的发展，人们对希腊和拉丁经典作品的需求也增加了，而这些经典已经被忽视达两千年了。
答案：so
did
Section
Ⅰ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary
Read
the
text
and
choose
the
correct
answer.
1．The
Mona
Lisa
is
believed
to
be______.
A．painted
in
the
years
1513—1516
B．painted
by
Leonardo
da
Vinci
C．one
of
the
best
paintings
in
the
Renaissance
D．kept
in
China
2．The
Renaissance______.
A．is
not
more
than
just
Mona
Lisa
B．is
an
English
word
C．means
“rebirth”
D．first
appeared
in
English
in
the
15th
century
3．Which
of
the
following
shows
the
trade
during
the
Renaissance
A．Europe
was
getting
fatter
than
before.
B．Leonardo
worked
for
important
people
such
as
the
Duke
of
German.
C．People
couldn't
afford
to
buy
the
artists'
works
or
employ
them.
D．Rich
people
spent
money
on
arts.
4．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
right
A．Painters
discovered
how
to
use
perspective
and
the
effects
of
light.
B．Composers
put
different
voices
together
and
created
polyphony.
C．Architects
preferred
to
design
buildings
with
more
light.
D．They
looked
back，too，by
opening
new
frontiers
in
the
arts.
5．Leonardo______.
A．is
not
only
the
greatest
painter
but
also
a
skilled
inventor
B．is
the
Mona
Lisa
C．was
an
ordinary
genius
D．has
been
described
as
a
Renaissance
woman
6．What's
the
general
idea
of
the
passage
A．The
sense
of
exploration.
B．A
time
of
scientific
invention.
C．The
meaning
of
Renaissance，the
representative
figure
and
works.
D．The
Mona
Lisa
and
Leonardo
da
Vinci.
7．How
did
philosophy
change
at
this
time
A．Religion
was
at
the
centre
of
the
universe.
B．People
were
at
the
centre
of
the
universe.
C．Art
and
architecture
were
the
centre.
D．Music
was
the
centre.
答案：1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．B
1．I
find
it
mysterious，and
perhaps
even
a
little
disturbing；I
don't
know
who
the
subject
is，and
I
find
the
background
strangely
unreal.（P15）
我发现它很神秘，甚至有点令人不安；我不知道主角是谁，我觉得背景奇怪虚幻。
disturbing
adj.
引起烦恼的；令人不安的
Now
and
then
some
disturbing
letters
made
the
little
girl
unsleeping.
时不时的骚扰信使得那个小女孩睡不好觉。
A
loud
and
disturbing
noise
came
from
upstairs.
楼上传来了响亮且使人烦恼的噪音。
disturb
v.打扰，扰乱disturbed
adj.担心的
disturbingly
adv.令人不安地
辨析：disturb，interrupt，bother与trouble
disturb
“打扰，打乱”，常指失去了正常的状态而导致困难产生
interrupt
“使……中断”，强调打断，不能连续
21世纪教育网bother
指不停地打扰，强调动作，不强调心理
trouble
造成麻烦，以及遇到的困难等，可以是生理上的，也可以是心理上的，注重人的感受
（1）选词填空
①He
brought
us
a
piece
of
______
news.（disturbing；disturbed）
②She
was
______
to
hear
you
had
been
injured
in
the
accident.（disturb；disturbed）
③Please
don't
______
me
while
I'm
working.（disturbing；disturb）
④The
machine
running
______
my
sleep
every
night
so
I
can't
keep
spiritual
in
the
day.（disturb；disturbs）
答案：①disturbing ②disturbed ③disturb ④disturbs
（2）用disturb，interrupt，bother与trouble填空
①Production
at
the
factory
was
______
for
many
hours
because
of
the
accident.
②She
opened
the
door
quietly
in
order
not
to
______
the
sleeping
child.
③What
______
me
is
that
I
can't
concentrate
on
my
study.
④Don't
______
your
father
now；he's
very
tired.
答案：①interrupted ②disturb ③troubles ④bother
2．The
effect
of
the
light，the
combination
of
light
and
shade，is
astonishing.（P15）
光线及光线和阴影结合的效果令人吃惊。
1）effect
n.效果，作用，结果，影响
I
tried
taking
tablets
for
the
headache
but
they
didn't
have
any
effect.
我试着吃些头疼片，但没有什么效果。
I
think
I'm
suffering
from
the
effects
of
too
little
sleep.
我觉得我正受失眠的困扰。
（1）have
a（n）...effect
on/upon对……产生……影响
have
a（n）．..influence
on/upon对……产生……影响
take
effect
开始生效，开始实施
bring/put
sth.into
effect
实行，实施，使生效
（2）cause
and
effect
因果
in
effect
实际上，事实上
side
effect
副作用
辨析：affect，effect与influence
affect为动词，指产生的影响之大足以引起反应，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思。
effect作“结果，效果，影响”讲时，是名词。
influence既可作动词又可作名词，指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响。
2）shade
n.[U]（图画等中的）阴影，阴暗部分；背阴处
They
were
sitting
in
the
shade
of
a
tree.
他们正坐在树阴下。
There
is
not
enough
light
and
shade
in
your
drawing.
你这幅画的明暗色调不够。
in
the
shade在阴凉处
put
sb./sth.in
the
shade
使人/物相形见绌；使黯然失色
辨析：shade与shadow
在本质上，shadow指一个平面，shade指一个立体空间。
①shade不可数名词，指任何阳光照不到的、阴凉的地方。
②shadow可数名词，指具体的人、物挡住了光线而形成的清晰的影子。
（1）The
Renaissance
resulted
in
great
______
on
the
art，music，invention
and
architecture.
A．effect
B．subject
C．aircraft
D．inspiration
答案：A
提示：句意：文艺复兴对艺术、音乐、发明和建筑产生了巨大的作用。effect
“作用”；
subject
“主题”；aircraft
“飞行器”；inspiration
“鼓舞”。
（2）用affect，effect与influence的正确形式完成句子
①The
entire
country
______
by
the
drought.
②Typhoon
has
a
bad
______
on
people's
life.
③What
we
read
______
our
thinking.
④Good
books
have
a
positive
______
on
children.
答案：①was
affected ②effect ③influences ④influence
（3）完成句子
①她把手放在眼睛上方挡住阳光。
She
______
her
eyes
from
the
sun
with
her
hand.
②她的脸冲着暗处。
Her
face
was
deep
in
______.
答案：①shaded ②shadow
3．But
there
is
one
work
which，perhaps
more
than
any
other，expresses
the
spirit
of
the
Renaissance...（P16）
但是有一件作品，或许超过其他任何一件作品，更能表达出文艺复兴的精神……
more
than多于，非常
She
is
more
than
beautiful.
她非常漂亮。
The
beauty
of
the
place
is
more
than
I
can
describe.
这个地方太美了，简直使我无法形容。
1）more
than＋数词
……以上，不止
more
than＋名词
多于……
more
than＋形容词
非常，十分
2）more...than...与其说……还不如说……
3）no
more
than（＝only）仅仅
not
more
than（＝at
most）至多
（1）—How
was
your
dinner
date，dear
—Very
nice.______.
A．Much
more
than
I
could
have
imagined
B．I
can't
wait
to
have
it
again
C．I
could
have
helped
myself
some
more
D．If
only
they
had
served
better
答案：A
提示：more
than“多于，在……之上”。句意：（晚餐之丰盛）远远超出我的想象。
（2）The
young
lady
is
______
a
beauty；she
is
______
than
pretty.
A．more
than；more
smart
B．more
than；smarter
C．not
only；smarter
D．no
more
than；more
答案：A
提示：句意：那位年轻女士不仅仅是个美女；说她美貌不如说她聪明。more
than“不仅仅，不只是”；more...than...“与其说……不如说……”；no
more
than“仅仅，只有”。
4．The
sense
of
exploration
which
motivated
the
artists
went
hand
in
hand
with
a
new
type
of
philosophy.（P17）
这种激发艺术家的探索意识与一种新的哲学携手共进。
1）motivate
v.激发，激励
He
was
motivated
by
his
wish
to
help
me，and
expected
nothing
in
return.
他只是想帮助我，不图任何回报。
She
said，“Competitions
can
motivate
a
student
to
seek
more
knowledge.”
她说：“竞争能促使学生去追求更多的知识。”
motivation
n.动机
motivate
sb.
to
do
sth.促使某人做某事；激励某人做某事
2）go
hand
in
hand
与……共同行动；与……相配合
The
people
and
the
soldiers
went
hand
in
hand
to
fight
against
the
serious
disaster.
人民与战士们肩并肩抗击这场严重的灾难。
face
to
face面对面
shoulder
to
shoulder肩并肩
arm
in
arm
臂挽臂
（1）It
is
what
a
painter
did
rather
than
what
he
said
that
can
______
the
visitors'
interest.
A．stock B．motivate
C．discourage
D．inhabit
答案：B
提示：句意：激发来访者兴趣的是一个画家做了什么，而非他说了什么。stock
“储备”；motivate
“激发”；discourage
“使泄气”；inhabit
“居住于”。
（2）It
is
generally
accepted
that
the
profit sharing
plan
is
designed
to
______
the
staff
to
work
harder.
A．discourage
B．affect
C．motivate
D．forbid
答案：C
提示：句意：人们普遍认为利润分享计划旨在激励员工工作更加努力。motivate“激励”，符合句意。discourage“打消，阻止”；affect“影响”；forbid
“禁止”。
（3）让我们共同行动来保护环境。
Let's
______
______
______
______
to
protect
the
environment.
答案：go
hand
in
hand
5．After
centuries
of
accepting
a
medieval
world
view
in
which
human
life
was
considered
of
little
value
compared
with
the
greatness
of
God，philosophers
began
asking
questions
like“What
is
a
person？”or“Why
am
I
here？”（P17）
几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命很渺小。现在他们开始提出诸如“人为何物？”以及“我为何存在？”这样的问题。
本句中of
little
value是“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构，此结构相当于“be＋该名词所对应的形容词”，在句中可作表语、定语或宾语补足语。可作该结构的抽象名词有：value，use，help，importance，benefit等，这些名词前可用little，great，any，no等修饰。
The
book
he
gave
me
is
of
great
use.
＝The
book
he
gave
me
is
very
useful.
他给我的那本书很有用。
The
advice
is
of
great
value
for
us
to
learn
English.
＝The
advice
is
very
valuable
for
us
to
learn
English.
这个建议对我们学习英语很有价值。
英语中有些抽象名词没有形容词形式，为表明主语的某种特征，只能用“be＋of＋抽象名词”这种形式。此类名词常见的有：size，weight，height，age，length，width，opinion，color，price，kind，shape，way等。
The
two
boys
are
of
the
same
age.
这两个男孩年龄相同。
Coins
may
be
of
different
sizes，weights
and
shapes.
钱币从大小、重量到形状可能各不相同。
This
book
is
______
great
value.______
can
be
enjoyed
from
it
until
you
have
a
deep
understanding
of
it，however.
A．in；Few
B．of；Nothing
C．of；Something
D．in；Much
答案：B
提示：句意：这本书很有价值，然而只有当你对它有了深入的了解之后才能有所获。be
of
great
value
相当于be
very
valuable，表示“很有价值”。
6．Leonardo，as
well
as
being
one
of
the
greatest
painters
the
world
has
ever
known，was
also
a
skilled
inventor.
莱奥纳多，不仅是全世界知名的伟大画家之一，而且也是一位高明的发明家。（P17）
skilled
adj.有技巧的，熟练的
She
is
highly
skilled
at
dealing
with
difficult
customers.
应付难缠的顾客她很有一手。
He
is
a
skilled
engineer.
他是一位有经验的工程师。
skill
n.技巧，技能
skillful
adj.有技巧的，熟练的
be
skilled
in/at（doing）sth.在（做）某事方面很熟练/有能力
辨析：skilled与skillful
①skilled“有技能的，需要专门技巧的”，通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验，并掌握某项专门技术。
②skillful“技术好的，处理巧妙的”，指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧。
（1）Only
a
______
pilot
can
land
on
the
yellow
SOS
safely
in
______
parachute.
A．skill；/ B．skilled；a
C．skills；an
D．skilled；the
答案：B
提示：句意：只有技术娴熟的飞行员才能乘降落伞安全降落在黄色SOS上。skilled
“熟练的”。in
a
parachute表示乘降落伞这类工具。
（2）林琳的父亲是个熟练的修理工，因而她也很会修理自行车。
Lin
Lin's
father
is
a
______
mechanic
so
she
has
become
______
______
repairing
bicycles
too.
答案：skilled；skillful
atModule
2 The
Renaissance
Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner
Read
Cultural
Corner
and
answer
the
following
questions.
1．What
is
printing
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why
were
books
very
expensive
before
printing
was
invented
________________________________________________________________________
3．Who
made
the
first
printing
press
in
Europe
________________________________________________________________________
答案：1．Printing
is
the
process
of
making
many
copies
of
a
single
document
using
movable
characters
or
letters.
2．Because
copies
of
a
manuscript
had
to
be
made
by
hand
and
this
task
could
take
many
years.
3．Johann
Gutenberg.
1．...here
the
taxes
depended
on
the
width
of
the
house
—
so
they
kept
them
narrow，but
built
them
tall.（P22）
……这里的税金是根据房屋的宽度而定——因此他们就把房屋盖得很窄但却很高。
depend
on依靠，依赖；取决于
You
can't
always
depend
on
the
train's
arriving
on
time.
你不能老是指望火车准点到达。
We
might
need
more
food
depending
on
how
many
people
turn
up.
我们可能还需要些食物，不过这要看到场的人数。
1）depend
v.依靠；依赖
depend
on
sb.to
do
sth.依靠某人做某事
depend
on
it
that...相信，指望……
It（all）depends./That
depends.看情况而定。
2）dependent
adj.依靠的，依赖的，取决于……的
be
dependent
on依赖于；取决于
3）dependence
n.依赖，依靠
rely
on
依靠，依赖
（1）His
family
______（依靠）his
salary
but
he
had
to
abandon
his
job
because
of
his
illness.
（2）My
weight
is
being
increased
or
reduced
______（取决于）how
much
I
eat.
（3）—I
don't
know
whether
we
can
finish
the
task
on
time.
—______（视情况而定）．
答案：（1）depended
on/relied
on （2）depending
on （3）It
all
depends
（4）—
Can
I
have
a
day
off
tomorrow，Mr.
Johnson —
______.I
can
manage
without
you.
A．Forget
it
B．I'm
afraid
not
C．It
depends
D．Of
course
答案：D
提示：考查日常交际用语。根据下文的句子“I
can
manage
without
you.”可判断，答话人同意了说话人请一天假的要求，故选择D项“当然可以”。A项表示“不必在意”，B项表示“恐怕不行”，C项表示“视情况而定”。（5）—What
are
you
going
to
do
this
weekend
—______.If
time
permits，I
may
go
to
Shanghai
with
my
friends.
A．Don't
mention
it B．It
doesn't
matter
C．Forget
it
D．It
depends
答案：D
提示：考查交际用语。Don't
mention
it.意为“别客气，没关系，别放在心上”；It
doesn't
matter.意为“没关系”；Forget
it.意为“休想！算了吧！”；It
depends.意为“视情况而定”。由第二句中的“如果时间允许的话，我可能和我的朋友们去上海”可知，本周末要做什么事情还没有定下来，因此应用It
depends。故答案为D项。
2．In
the
last
70
days
of
his
life
before
he
shot
himself
he
produced
70
paintings，and
I
reckon
they're
almost
all
masterpieces.（P22）
在他开枪自杀前的70天里，他创作了70幅绘画作品，我认为它们几乎都是杰作。reckon
v.
（1）认为某人/某事物是……（不用于进行时态，多用于被动语态）
The
price
was
reckoned
high.价格未免太高了。
（2）假定；想；思忖；认为（不用于被动语态）
I
reckon
we'll
go
next
week.
我想我们下星期去。
reckon
on
依靠，指望
reckon
with估计到，预料到；处理，对付
（1）We
have
to
______（考虑到）many
problems.
（2）Children
______（被认为）cleverer
nowadays
than
those
10
years
ago.
（3）I
didn't
______（指望）having
to
pay
that
bill
this
week.
答案：（1）reckon
with （2）are
reckoned
to
be （3）reckon
on
3．She
reminded
me
that
we
were
leaving
for
Paris
tomorrow，where
we
were
going
to
see
the
most
famous
painting
in
the
world...（P22）
她提醒我明天要去巴黎，在那里我们将看到世界上最著名的绘画……
leave
for出发去某地，离开去某地
Don't
you
think
we'd
leave
for
the
concert
now 您不认为我们现在该出发去听音乐会了吗？
leave
a
deep
impression
on...给……留下深刻印象
leave
a
thing
as
it
is置之不理leave
about乱放
leave
aside（把某事）搁置一边
leave
behind留下，把……丢在后面
leave
out遗漏，省略
leave
sb./sth.＋adj.使某人/物处于（某种状态）
（1）单句改错
①If
I
get
my
work
finished
here
in
time，I'll
leave
Singapore
on
Tuesday.
________________________________________________________________________
②When
I
went
to
school
I
left
for
my
books
at
home.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①leave
后加for ②去掉for
（2）He
got
up
late
and
hurried
to
his
office，______
the
breakfast
untouched.
A．left
B．to
leave
C．leaving
D．having
left
答案：C
提示：句意：他起床晚了，匆忙赶往办公室，早餐一动没动。现在分词短语在此处作结果状语。4．He
then
fled
down
a
sideroad.We're
appealing
to
anyone
who
saw
the
suspect
to
contact
us.（P25）
然后，他沿着小路逃跑了。我们正在呼吁不论谁看到嫌疑人都要联系我们。
1）flee
v.逃跑，逃避（离）；消失；消散
flee的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为：fled，fled，fleeing。
After
all
his
hope
had
fled，he
had
to
flee
his
hometown
to
flee
responsibility.
所有的希望破灭后，他不得不离开家乡以逃避责任。
flee
to/into逃到……
flee
from从……逃走
2）appeal
v.恳求；呼吁；吸引；上诉
n.感染力；呼吁；上诉
The
villagers
appealed
for
the
young
teacher
to
stay
there
and
so
he
did.
村民们恳求那位年轻的老师留在那里，他留下了。
appeal
to
sb.（对某人）有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣appeal
against
sth.上诉
make
an
appeal
to
sb.向某人提出呼吁；引起某人兴趣
appeal
for
mercy/sympathy请求宽恕/同情
3）suspect
n.（犯罪）嫌疑人；可疑分子 v.怀疑，猜想
Police
opened
fire
on
him
when
the
suspect
refused
to
drop
his
weapon.
在该嫌疑犯拒绝放下武器的情况下，警方开始射击。
I
have
no
reason
to
suspect
her
honesty.
我没有理由怀疑她的诚实。
—Do
you
think
she'll
tell
them
你认为她会告诉他们吗？
—I
suspect
not/so.我猜她不会/她会。
The
police
suspected
him
of
carrying
out
two
bomb
attacks.
警方怀疑他实施了两起爆炸袭击。
A
suspect
parcel
was
found
at
the
station.
一个可疑的包裹在车站被发现。
1）suspected
adj.受怀疑的，被怀疑的
suspect
adj.不可靠的，可疑的，可能有危险的
2）suspect
sb.of（doing）sth.怀疑某人（做）某事
suspect
sb./sth.to
be怀疑某人/某事是
suspect＋that
clause以为，猜想
（1）单词拼写
①The
driver
was
caught
after
f______
from
the
scene
of
the
accident.
②The
chairman
of
the
meeting
was
a______
to
the
listeners
for
calm.
③Why
does
he
always
f______
any
kind
of
responsibility
答案：①fleeing ②appealing ③flee
（2）He
was
______
of
selling
state
secrets
and
arrested
last
month.
A．doubted
B．suspected
C．respected
D．inspected
答案：B
提示：句意：他涉嫌出卖国家机密，于上个月被捕。suspect
sb.of
doing
sth.“怀疑某人做某事。”
（3）—How
did
you
like
Nick's
performance
last
night
—To
be
honest，his
singing
didn't
______
to
me
much.
A．appeal
B．belong
C．refer
D．occur
答案：A
提示：appeal
to“吸引”；belong
to“属于”；refer
to“提到；涉及”；occur
to“突然想到”。后句句意为“说实话，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我”。
5．We're
seeking
a
gang
of
criminals.（P25）
我们正在寻找一伙罪犯。
seek
vt.&
vi.搜寻，寻找，追求；企图，试图（常接to
do）
Legal
advice
should
be
sought
before
you
take
any
further
action.
在你进一步行动之前，合法的建议是应该找寻的。
seek
out
挑出，找出
seek
one's
advice征求某人的意见
seek
fame追求名誉
seek
after/for寻求，追求；寻找
seek
one's
fortune寻找致富或成功之道
（1）他从不企图隐瞒自己的观点。
He
______
______
______
______
hide
his
views.
（2）那位年轻作家试图写一本受读者欢迎的书。
The
young
writer
______
______
write
a
book
which
will
______
______
by
the
readers.
答案：（1）has
never
sought
to （2）seeks
to；be
saught
6．Perugia
had
stolen
the
Mona
Lisa
on
behalf
of
the
chief
organiser
of
the
crime，Eduardo
de
Valfierno.（P25）
佩鲁贾代表罪行的主要组织者爱德华多·德·瓦尔菲勒诺盗窃了蒙娜丽莎。
on
behalf
of代表……
I'm
writing
on
behalf
of
my
mother，to
express
her
thanks
for
your
gift.
我代表母亲给你写信，以表达她对你的礼物的感谢。
The
lawyer
spoke
on
behalf
of
his
client.
律师代表当事人说话。
on
behalf
of/on
one's
behalf
为了……
Don't
trouble
the
headmaster
to
do
it
on
my
behalf，for
he
is
busy
planning
the
teaching.
不要为了我去麻烦校长了，他在忙于制订教学计划。
First
of
all，______
my
company，I'd
like
to
extend
our
warmest
welcome
to
the
distinguished
guests
from
Beijing
University.
A．instead
of B．apart
from
C．on
behalf
of
D．in
place
of
答案：C
提示：句意：首先，我代表我的公司向来自北京大学的贵宾表示最热烈的欢迎。on
behalf
of“代表”，符合句意。instead
of“代替，而不是”；apart
from“除了……之外”；in
place
of“代替”。
7．The
outcome
of
the
story
is
that
Perugia
got
the
blame
for
the
crime
and
went
to
prison.（P25）
故事的结果是佩鲁贾因犯罪受到惩罚而入狱。
blame
v.责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n.责任；责备
You
can't
blame
anyone.
你不能怪任何人。
Don't
always
blame
your
own
failure
on
others.Sometimes
you
yourself
are
to
blame.
不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人。有时该怪的是你自己。
blame
sb.for（doing）sth.因某事而责备某人/责备某人做了某事
be
to
blame（for
sth.）应（为……）承担责任；该（因……）受到责备（此处不能用被动语态）
put/lay
the
blame
for
sth.on
sb.将某事的责任推到某人身上
blame
sth.on
sb.把某事归咎于某人
accept/bear/get/take
the
blame
for
sth.对某事负责任
（1）汤姆把他的缺乏自信归咎于他妈妈。
①Tom
______
his
mother
______
his
lack
of
confidence.
②Tom
______
his
lack
of
confidence
______
his
mother.
答案：①blames；for ②blames；on
（2）这事故是哪个司机的责任？
Which
driver
______
______
______
______
the
accident
答案：was
to
blame
for
8．This
spread
of
printed
books
led
to
a
renewed
passion
for
artistic
expression.（P27）
印刷书籍的传播，重新唤起了人们对艺术表达的激情。
lead
to导致，通向，通往
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
lead
to
health
problem.
吃太多的糖能够导致健康问题。
This
road
leads
to
the
village.这条小路通向村子。
lead
the
way领先，一马当先
lead
a．..life过着……的生活
lead
sb.by
the
nose牵着某人的鼻子走，完全操控某人
take
the
lead领先
to为介词的短语
pay
attention
to注意
look
forward
to渴望、期盼
get
down
to开始/着手做
be
used
to习惯于
be
devoted
to致力于，献身于
be
addicted
to沉迷于
stick
to坚持
object
to反对
（1）We
are
often
warned
that
eating
too
much
fat
can
______
heart
disease
and
cause
high
blood
pressure.
A．lead
to
B．result
from
C．bring
in
D．devote
to
答案：A
提示：lead
to“导致”。result
from“由……造成”；bring
in“引入，引进”；devote
to“致力于”。根据句意知答案应为A项。
（2）（2012湖北高考，24）I'm
so
glad
you've
come
here
to______
this
matter
in
person.
A．lead
to B．see
to
C．turn
to
D．refer
to
答案：B
提示：句意：我很高兴你来到这里亲自处理这个事件。lead
to“导致，通往”；see
to“处理，料理”；turn
to“转向，求助”；refer
to“提及，查阅，参考”。
9．Without
inexpensive
printing
to
make
books
available
to
a
large
section
of
society，the
son
of
John
Shakespeare，a
government
official
in
rural
England
in
the
mid 1500s，may
never
have
been
inspired
to
take
up
writing
as
a
profession.（P27）
假如没有低廉的印刷技术使得广大社会阶层有书可读，16世纪中期英格兰乡村的政府官员——约翰·莎士比亚的儿子也许根本不可能受到鼓舞而将写作作为职业。
1）available
adj.可利用的，可得到的
Considering
there
are
many
chances
available，many
graduates
went
to
the
west.
考虑到西部有很多的机会，许多毕业生去了那里。
2）inspire
vt.
①鼓励，激励，后可接sb.to
sth./sb.to
do
sth.。
Liu
Xiang's
coach
inspired
him
to
victory.
刘翔的教练鼓舞他取得胜利。
My
parents
inspired
me
to
study
harder.
我的父母激励我更努力地学习。
②激发，激起，可构成短语inspire
sb.with
sth.或inspire
sth.in
sb.。
Her
work
didn't
exactly
inspire
me
with
confidence.
她的工作并没有真正地使我产生信心。
③赋予灵感，激发想法；启发
His
best
music
was
inspired
by
the
memory
of
his
mother.
他对母亲的怀念促使他谱出了最出色的音乐。
inspiration
n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人或事物
inspired
adj.受灵感启示的
inspiring
adj.激励人的，启发灵感的
